DRUG

DOSAGE

MECHANISM OF
ACTION

Generic name:
prednisolone
opthalmic
suspension

topical

Inhibit the
generation of
prostaglandins
by blocking
cyclooxygenase
enzymes, COX-1
and COX-2.

Brand name:
Pred Forte
Class:
corticosteroid

INDICATIONS &
CONTRAINDICATIONS
Indications:
is used as an antiinflammatory or an
immunosuppressant
medication.

SIDE EFFECTS

Contraindications:

Epithelial herpes simplex

keratitis (dendritic
keratitis), vaccinia, and
varicella, and also in
mycobacterial infection
of the eye and fungal
diseases of ocular
structures.

Elevated IOP
transient
stinging or
burning
blurred
vision
ocular
irritation
foreign body
sensation.

NURSING
CONSIDERATIONS

Establish
baseline and
continuing
data
regarding BP,
I&O ratio and
pattern,
weight, and
sleep pattern.
Start flow
chart
as reference f
or planning
individualized
pharmacother
apeutic
patient care.

Check and
record BP
during dose
stabilization
period at
least 2 times
daily. Report
an ascending
pattern.

DRUG

MECHANISM OF
ACTION
DOSAGE

INDICATIONS &
CONTRAINDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS

NURSING
CONSIDERATIONS

Generic name:
cyclopentolate
HCl
Brand name:
Cyclogyl
Class:
anticholinergics

1-2 drops
of 1% TID

It blocks the
responses of the
sphincter
muscle of the
iris and the
accommodative
muscle of the
ciliary body to
stimulation by
acetylcholine.
Dilation of the
pupil (mydriasis)
and paralysis of
accommodation
(cycloplegia)
result.

Indications:

or unsteadiness

This medication is
used
before eye examinatio
ns (e.g., refraction
exams). It belongs to a
class of drugs known
as
anticholinergics. Cyclo
pentolate works by
temporarily widening
(dilating) the pupil of
the eye and relaxing
the muscles of
the eye.

confusion

constipation,

Contraindications:

full feeling,
passing gas, or

MECHANISM OF
ACTION

INDICATIONS &
CONTRAINDICATIONS

Finger pressure
should be applied to
lacrimal sac for 1-2
minutes after
instillation to
decrease risk of
absorption and
systemic reactions

stomach cramps
or pain

fast or
irregular
heartbeat

convulsions
(seizures)

Should not be used when

untreated narrow-angle
glaucoma, or untreated
anatomically narrow
angles are present, or if
the patient is
hypersensitive to any
component of this
preparation.

DRUG

Clumsiness

fever
flushing or
redness of face

SIDE EFFECTS

NURSING
CONSIDERATIONS

DOSAGE

Generic name:
Rifabutin

Brand name:
Mycobutin
Class:
bactericidal
antibiotic

capsule

For the
prevention of
disseminated
Mycobacterium
avium complex
(MAC) disease in
patients with
advanced HIV
infection. Rifabu
tin is an
antibiotic that
inhibits DNAdependent RNA
polymerase acti
vity in
susceptible
cells.
Specifically, it
interacts with
bacterial RNA
polymerase but
does not inhibit
the mammalian
enzyme.

Indications:

Used to treat M.aviumintracellulare infection

Contraindications:
Severe Renal
Impairment, Clostridium
Difficile Bacteria Related
Colitis, Decreased Blood
Platelets, Decreased
Neutrophils a Type of
White Blood Cell

Black, tarry
stools
chest pain
chills
cough
diarrhea
fever
heartburn
indigestion
itching or
skin rash
loss of
appetite

Lab tests:
Monitor
periodic blood
work for
neutropenia
and
thrombocytop
enia.

Evaluate
patients on
concurrent
oral
hypoglycemic
therapy for
loss of
glycemic
control.

DRUG

MECHANISM OF
ACTION

INDICATIONS &
CONTRAINDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS

NURSING
CONSIDERATIONS

DOSAGE
Generic name:
Penicillin
Brand name:
PC Pen VK, Pen-V

Class: antibiotics

40 million
units Q4
IV

kills susceptible
bacteria by
specifically
inhibiting the
transpeptidase
that catalyzes the
final step in cell
wall biosynthesis,
the cross-linking
of peptidoglycan.

Indications:

irregular

Used to treat Ocular

syphilis, otosyphilis, and
neurosyphilis

Contraindications:
Renal failure, Lactation,
Hypersenitivity to
penicillin and
penicillinase producing
organisms.

Fast or
breathing

fever

joint pain

lightheaded

Monitor blood
studies: CBC,
Hct, bilirubin,
LDH, alkaline
phosphatase,
AST, ALT,
Coombs' test
monthly if
patient is on
long-term
therapy

Monitor
electrolytes:
potassium,
sodium,
chloride
monthly if
patient is on
long-term
therapy

Assess bowel
pattern daily;
if severe
diarrhea
occurs, drug
should be
discontinued

ness or
fainting
(sudden)

puffiness or
swelling
around the
face

red, scaly
skin

shortness of
breath

skin rash,

hives,
itching

DRUG

MECHANISM OF
ACTION

INDICATIONS &
CONTRAINDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS

NURSING
CONSIDERATIONS

DOSAGE

Generic name:
Penicillin G
Brand name:
Bicillin L-A

N/a; IM

Bactericidal;
inhibit bacterial
cell wall
synthesis.

Indications:
Used to treat Ocular
syphilis, otosyphilis, and
neurosyphilis

Contraindications:

Class: Antibiotic

Do not use penicillin G

if:
you are allergic

to any
ingredient in
penicillin g
benzathine
suspension or to
other penicillins
you are taking a
tetracycline
antibiotic

diarrhea that
is watery or
bloody
fever,
swollen
glands, rash
or itching,
muscle or
joint pain,
night
sweats,
general ill
feeling

a feeling like
you might
pass out;

skin rash
with
bruising,
severe
tingling,
numbness,
pain, muscle
weakness

Determine
history of
hypersensiti
vity
reactions to
penicillins
prior to
initiation of
drug
therapy.

Lab tests:
Perform C&S
tests prior to
initiation of
therapy and
periodically
thereafter.
Perform
periodic
renal
function
tests.

Report
immediately
to physician
the onset of

an allergic
reaction.

DRUG

MECHANISM OF
ACTION

INDICATIONS &
CONTRAINDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS

NURSING
CONSIDERATIONS

DOSAGE

Generic name:
Prednisone
Brand name:
Rayos, Sterapred
Class:
corticosteroid

80mg

a glucocorticoid
receptor
agonist. It is first
metabolized in
the liver to its
active form,
prednisolone.
Prednisolone
crosses cell
membranes and
binds with high
affinity to
specific
cytoplasmic
receptors.

Indications:
Used to treat Psoriatic
arthritis
Contraindications:
systemic fungal
infections and known
hypersensitivity to
components.

Aggression
agitation
anxiety
blurred
vision
decrease in
the amount
of urine
dizziness
fast, slow,
pounding,
or irregular
heartbeat
or pulse
headache
irritability

Establish
baseline and
continuing
data
regarding
BP, I&O ratio
and pattern,
weight, and
sleep
pattern.
Start flow
chart
as reference
for planning
individualize
d
pharmacoth
erapeutic
patient care.

Check and
record BP
during dose
stabilization
period at
least 2
times daily.
Report an

ascending
pattern.