300463

Fundamentals of Mechanics
Lecture Week 6
School of Computing, Engineering and Mathematics
University of Western Sydney
Unit Coordinator:
Dr Jonathan Vincent
Lecturers:
Dr Chunwei Zhang (Weeks 1-6)
Dr Jonathan Vincent (Weeks 7-13)
Fundamentals of Mechanics, Lecture Six

6.6 Relationship between Internal Forces and

Applied Loads in Beams
From the previous lecture, we
noticed that the form of the
internal force equations varies
when the load and support
condition change.
There exist simple and useful
relationships between internal
forces and applied loads.
These relationships will help us
to draw the shear force and
bending moment diagrams
rapidly without the need to
derive the internal force
equations first!
Fundamentals of Mechanics, Lecture Six

Concentrated load

Fundamentals of Mechanics, Lecture Six

Couple or moment

Fundamentals of Mechanics, Lecture Six

Distributed load

Fundamentals of Mechanics, Lecture Six

6.7 Construct Internal Force Diagrams by Making Use

of the Internal Force-Load Relationship
Using the relationship we just derived, we can draw internal force
diagrams without the derivation of internal force equations first. It
is a more efficient way to produce internal force diagrams in
beams, especially when beams are subjected to concentrated
loads and uniformly distributed loads.
We just need to determine the internal forces at the key points in
the beams and connect them together using the above derived
relationships.

Fundamentals of Mechanics, Lecture Six

Concept Quiz: How shear force diagram is going to vary along

the beam? What are the key points to produce the shear force
diagram for the beam?
10kN

8kN/m

Fundamentals of Mechanics, Lecture Six

Note: If a free end

(such as G) with no
applied
concentrated load,
shear force at the
end is equal to 0.

Concept Quiz: How bending moment diagram is going to vary

along the beam? What are the key points to produce the bending
moment diagram for the beam?
Note: If a pin
10kN

8kN/m

Fundamentals of Mechanics, Lecture Six

supported end
(such as A) or free
end (such as G)
with no applied
couple, bending
moment at the end
is equal to 0.

Example 1. Draw the shear force and moment diagrams for

the beam subjected to a uniform distributed load.
1) Determine the reaction forces and
draw the free body diagrams to include
10kN/m
all forces:
5m

2) Construct the shear force diagram

using the shear forces at key points
on the beam and the loading information.

Fundamentals of Mechanics, Lecture Six

3) Construct the bending moment diagram

using the moments at key points on
the beam and shear force diagram.
10kN/m

5m

4) Compare the results with

forces diagrams based on equations
method (Lecture 5, Example 11).

Fundamentals of Mechanics, Lecture Six

10

Example 2. Draw the shear force and bending diagrams for the
loaded cantilever beam.
1) Determine the reaction forces and
draw the free body diagrams to include
all forces:

2) Construct the shear force diagram

using the shear forces at key points
on the beam and the loading information.

Fundamentals of Mechanics, Lecture Six

11

3) Construct the bending moment diagram

using the moments at key points on
the beam and shear force diagram.

4) Compare the results with

forces diagrams based on equations
method (Lecture 5, Example 12).
AB segment:

BC segment:
Fundamentals of Mechanics, Lecture Six

12

Example 3. Draw shear force and bending moment diagrams for

the beam.
100 kN
1) For simple beam with overhang,
B
A
C
we need to determine reactions
first before drawing the shear force
2m
4m
and bending moment diagrams

Fundamentals of Mechanics, Lecture Six

13

2) We can take the whole beam as a free body and draw all
forces (including reactions) on the beam
100 kN

3) We can now construct the shear

force diagram using the key points
and the loading information

4m

2m

4) Construct bending moment diagram

based on the loading and shear force
information

Fundamentals of Mechanics, Lecture Six

14

Example 4. Draw shear force and bending moment diagrams

for the beam.
1) Reactions
30kN
20kN/m
B

6m

Fundamentals of Mechanics, Lecture Six

2m

15

2) Take the beam as a free body

and draw all forces on the
beam

30kN
20kN/m

3) Construct the shear

force diagram

6m

Fundamentals of Mechanics, Lecture Six

2m

16

4) Construct the bending

moment diagram
30kN
20kN/m
B

6m

Fundamentals of Mechanics, Lecture Six

2m

17

Example 5. Draw shear force and bending moment diagrams for

the beam.
50kN
1) As this is a simple beam
15kN/m
with an overhang, we need
B
C
A
to determine the reactions
first.
2m

Fundamentals of Mechanics, Lecture Six

2m

2m

18

2) Take the beam as a free body and draw all

forces on the beam
50kN

3) Construct the shear force

diagram based on the forces

15kN/m
B

2m

Fundamentals of Mechanics, Lecture Six

2m

2m

19

4) Construct the bending moment

diagram based on the forces and
shear force diagram

50kN
15kN/m
B

2m

Fundamentals of Mechanics, Lecture Six

2m

2m

20

Example 6. Draw shear force and bending moment diagrams for

the beam.
20kN
1) Reactions
10kN/m
B

50kNm
2m

Fundamentals of Mechanics, Lecture Six

2m

2m

21

2) Take the beam as a free body and

draw all forces on the beam
20kN

3) Construct shear force

diagram

10kN/m
B

50kNm
2m

Fundamentals of Mechanics, Lecture Six

2m

2m

22

4) Construct bending moment

diagram
20kN
10kN/m
B

50kNm
2m

Fundamentals of Mechanics, Lecture Six

2m

2m

23

Example 7. Draw shear force and bending moment diagrams for

the beam.
1) As it is a cantilever beam 20kN
10kN/m
with left end free, we can
D
B
C
start to construct the shear A
force diagram without the
2m
2m
2m
need of obtaining reactions
at the fixed support

Fundamentals of Mechanics, Lecture Six

24

2) Construct bending moment

diagram
20kN
10kN/m
B

2m

Fundamentals of Mechanics, Lecture Six

2m

2m

25

7 Frames and Machines

A structure is called a frame or
machine if at least one of its
individual member is a multiforce member.
How does a Frame or Machine
differ from a Truss ?
Contain one or more multi-force
members. A multi-force member
is subject to three or more
forces, or two or more forces and
one or more couples. Members
may carry shear forces and
bending moments in addition to
axial forces.

Sample problem 4/7

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Sample problem 4/9

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Fundamentals of Mechanics, Lecture Six

26

If a frame or machine as a whole is rigid (non-collapsible) unit

when its externally supports are removed, then we begin the
analysis by computing the external reactions on the entire unit. If
a frame or machine as a whole is anon-rigid (collapsible) unit
when its external supports are removed, then the analysis of the
external reactions cannot be completed until the system is
dismembered.

Figure 4/14
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By dismembering the system at interconnected pins, the Newtons

3rd law must be carefully observed to draw free body diagrams.
The force and moment equations of equilibrium are applied to the
members as needed which may be isolated as single body or
connected bodies.
Fundamentals of Mechanics, Lecture Six

27

Example 8. For an 80-N squeeze on the handles of the pliers,

determine the force F applied to the round rod by each jaw. In
addition, calculate the force supported by the pin at A.
1) Isolate the lower jaw/handle of the pliers as a free body,
draw the free body diagrams and apply static equations to
determine the unknown forces.

2) Isolate the round rod as a free body.

Fundamentals of Mechanics, Lecture Six

Problem 4/77
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28

Example 9. Determine the components of all forces acting on

each member of the loaded frame.
1) Observer the whole as a collapsible system
when removing the supports. Isolate AB.

Problem 4/81
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2) Isolate BC. Note BC is a two-force member.

In frames and machines questions, there is an important simplification

to reduce the number of unknowns (i.e. the number of equations to
be solved simultaneously) by identifying any members that are twoFundamentals of Mechanics, Lecture Six
29
force member.

Example 10. The elements of a rear suspension for a frontwheel-drive car are shown in the figure. Determine the magnitude
of the force at each joint if the normal force F exerted on the tire
has a magnitude of 3600N.

Problem 4/114
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Fundamentals of Mechanics, Lecture Six

30

1) Isolate BC with the tire, and apply the moment equilibrium

equation with moment center at B to determine the force at
pin C. Then apply force equilibrium equations in horizontal
and vertical directions, respectively, to determine force
components at pin B. Note CD is a two-force member.

Fundamentals of Mechanics, Lecture Six

31

2) Isolate multi-force member AB. Use three independent

equilibrium equations to determine forces at pins E and A,
respectively. Note EF is a two-force member.

Fundamentals of Mechanics, Lecture Six

32

Tutorial Questions for Week 6

Based on week 6s Lecture, hand in the following questions at
the end of your tutorial class during week 7 (31 August to 4
September).
All questions are from the textbook (Meriam and Kraige,
Engineering Mechanics STATICS Edition 7 SI version).
Draw the shear force and bending moment diagrams for all the
questions below without deriving the internal force equations.
Compare the results with those diagrams derived based on
mathematical expressions:

Problems 5/128, 5/129, 5/133, 5/134, 5/137,

5/138, 5/147, 5/148, 4/75, 4/93

The Questions in red will be answered in your lecture-tute class
Fundamentals of Mechanics, Lecture Six
33
during week 6.

Additional Questions for Advanced Engineering Students

Problems 5/141, 4/115, 4/118 and the following

Fundamentals of Mechanics, Lecture Six

34

Fundamentals of Mechanics (2-D Part)

Vectors graphical manipulation and algebraic manipulation

Forces components of forces
Force systems, moments and couples
Force-couple system; resultant (principle of moments)
Equilibrium, free body technique
Actions and reactions
2-D trusses method of joints & method of sections
Distributed forces/loads resultant and line of action
Internal forces in beams shear force and bending moment,
equations and diagrams
Frames and machines

Fundamentals of Mechanics, Lecture Six

35