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NA[/NEET
HIETTf,EffiET!$$
DIGEST
CONTENTS
3. Parallel Lines
4. Quadrilaterals
17
to 7)
You have studied in previous standard to find the square root by the
division method
and Proportion
3I
35
48
...
84
9I
lffil
tffil
Cubes_ and Cube Roots
13. Indices
+l
289
+4
27
+7
34
85
+5
000
2025
16
0'425
425
(t)
(4) 646416
6400e
804
253
101
105
116
123
t28
18. Polynomials
138
142
150
r62
173
180
62
69
(Textbook page 1)
55
10. Identities
12.
square root
24
5. The Circle
6. Area
7. The Circumference and Area of a Circle
8. Statistics
9. Variation
[. Revision-Square,
t4
(Textbook pages
VIII
108
Anl, 'l'ho
square root
of
64(l0t) is 253.
or -9.
81.
Q, 2. Write in symbols :
Ane. (1) The positive sqqare root of a00:
(Textbook page 2)
(2)
(3) 100
3:
of 25 is 5 or
-5.
'_glTg
19_91
$yg:
of 100 is t0 or _
-19-gl
(4) ts6
Ans. The square root of 196 is t4 or _14.
(s) 324
4ry:
fr:
'
576 is 24
,r/-,
(D
(5)
\E:s
/roo:
and
- j64- -
8.
(3) -
tE4
3; 5,
5 and
,/n.
(Textbook page 4)
Q,
lx: -s
ro.
utU
(Textbook page 2)
g \F
13 respectively
- J-,
t , ,[1.
2, 3, 5, 20, 27, etc., are not the perfect squares of any integers. Such
, _J4_:
or _24.
121
lgtg:1-919!324 is tB or _ t8.
-O- -3
- .Jnt: - 11
t *tt-.t tqt"r"r ""a *
(4)
s76
-.JA
JA:S
of 81 :
r!:
4T:
square root
3.
2s
$l|:
(6)
uffi.
.Ai'
rl
By Pythagoras' theoiem,
"
STANDARD
VIII
12 cm and
7,
t-
../30:
triangle.
By Pythagoras' theorem,
u(Aqlr:
.'.
/(AC)
: uEi
49
:193
tu;rproximate value
"
"",493
cm.
30.00000000
-25
5 00
- 416
1087
7
542
44
In the above example,
"^
219084
02
by division
fr .l
of
will
be
t6
fr
t2
6 l',)"42
t2
h | )44
6t
03900
3756
ll2
Ans. ./io:3.1622...
Approximate values
0100
(r
3.1622
9
rl
s.4772...
10.00000000
It
frl
,,,m:5.4772is
tlt l0
I
6629
02
07I
47
.f,0
084
7 609
+7
*50:
.f
Q, li'lnd the square roots of the following numbers to the fourth decimar
nET:5.48
1.
(Textbook page 6)
'f'lrus, we get,
tr
o
:64 * 64:128
.f
of
5.4772.
l{ere, the digit2 in the fourth decimal place is less than 5 or 5. We drop
+ t/(AB)12
u(BC)12
0t4400
t2644
0175600
126484
049tt6
"/to:ltez
u'Eo:ne
up to one decimal place
u/n:s.z
10
(2) 13s
STANDARD
VIII
11.6189
Isroooooooo
I
+1
035
+1
226
+6
23228
14 00
23 23 69
8
(3) 777
+2
47
207 900
JBs:11.6
377
+7
-329
548
67
+7
2229
557 487
7
557494
22
76
04012400
3902409
0109991
126484
4427 r29
048
142
+2
.4ooo:11.62
up to one decintal place
/ooo:31.6
72.9931
5328.OOOOOOOO
.7
+7
./tooo :31.623
r2644
0r756
3?D437-49
,l,ns.
o4
t44 00
I30 4L t
013 5900
13 1301
0 459900
437 9 49
.f3x
:72.9931...
Approximate values
284
ffi:27.8747-.
38969
0263 r00
55744
(5) 5328
An*
Approximate values
37 56
02t95100
'nn:2ir.B7s
048 00
43 84
04 1600
+8
6t
+1
Approximate values :
up to three decimal places
-4
+l
232t
in.ooo-ooooo
JBs:1t.62
27.87 47 |
+3
61
:
27
209 t32r
0 t 1627 9
3r.6
tooo.oooooooo
tt.6t9
185824
2207 600
23237
./35:
u.6189...
JBs:
004400
Ans.
2t
1356
232r
(4) rooo
Approximate values :
up to three decimal places
-1
2t
55
1459861
!Br8:72.ss3
up to two decimal places
!&r8:72.ss
up to one decimal place
J$rB:73.0.
Jm:27.88
up to one decimal place
$n =27.e
f5
-r25
-r
2t
634
H++iquotient
Ans.
VIII
(3) 34.1s8
(Textbook pageT)
Q. 1. Find
(t)
s6.2s
Q) tst.zs
+5
108
+8
tt64
29
Ans. n/56.25:7.5.
(3) 49.s616
,tttr. r,ry5Lrr:12.3.
(4) 443.s236
7.04
2t.o6
2
-L1
41
+1
n.i2TZ
-4
o4
02
0 00
2
2 5236
00
49.5616:7.04.
(1) s9.03
(2) 3.41s8
7.683
+7
146
+6
r528
+8
9.0 3 0 0 0 0
-49
10
87
1536
+8
r27 0
r2224
00
3.415800
-1
2
-224
01
00
46089
66
J5c:o3:7.683...
Ans. yte.o3 :7.68 correcr up to
two decimal places.
1.8 4 8
I
+1
1456
36
36
+4
11588
34.r5S000
-25
0915
864
05180
4656
052400
46736
05664
,', /5als8:5.844...
Ans. .f,4rSS :5.84 correct up to
two decimal places.
+2
46
+6
320
-27 6
528
044 50
42 24
+8
5364
02 2600
2 r456
+4
53682
ot 14400
2
r 07364
53684
0 07036
41
42
+4
I t684
26.842
720.500000
r 2.3
(4) 720.s
29504
tr54158:1.848...
i two
decimal places.
rrr-
Q. Write
form
Ans.
rational number.
0.16
ttlll
7.439 i 10.505
0.058
'I
1.06 i 0.0002
t-
-l
10.6050i 0.0580
1.060
I
I
rational number.
52
*:0.090909... is written
I
il
as
fr:0.09.
[The recurring digits are marked with a line drawn above them. ]
(Textbook page 9)
3.75:3.750
Every rational number can be written in the non-terminating recurring
iI
rf;:2.230067977...i.e.,
and non-rectrrring. So,
.f
..,6 i, non-tenninating
is an irrational number.
The square roo[s ofnumbers that are not perfect squeres are irratiorutl
numbers.
Irrational numbers
(1) 0.777... (4) 4.7182 (6) 9.165 (8) 0.s28 (s) 72.136.
3. writing a terminating decimal in the form of a non-terminating
form.
t,
Q, Clussify the following numbers into two groups and label each group
correctly
l\ 4.en
(2) 0.3104s693...
@\E
@trB
(s) 10.0s
(6) 0.1010010001...
! Rcul
r.
Parallel LineS
lS
-t llParallellrnes
ttt
Q. Make
l.
a table
(1) 1.57 Q) v5
o\F
(8)
4.8
(5)
0.73s (O lE
Rational numbers
(4) 4.8
(s) 0.73s
@
d
*t
Jzs
(8)
set squares.
v4%
,/\%
ll line n.
Ans.
(r) r.s1
Irrational numbers
ReaI numbers
Q).,fr
(3) 4.10547r94...
0lo
(9) 3.819023...
(10) 6.10203040...
intercept :
(1) In the figure, transversal n intersects
line'/ and line m in two distinct points P and Q.
Segment PQ is called the intercept formed by
4, The
lines
/ and m on transversal
n.
a transversal
a. ln
each of the following figures, name the intercepts, the lines that
form them and the transversal on which they are formed :
18
VIII
PARALTEL LINES
Ans.
il
I
ll tine rz.
Their transversals, line c and line d, cut
them at points X, Y, Z and P, Q, R
respectively.
If t(xY)
:5, l(YZ):3,
/(PQ) :5.5,
flnd r(QR).
Solution z Line k ll line 1 ll line m. Line c
and line d are theilr transversals.
.'. by the property of three parallel lines and their transversals,
/(xY): /(PQ)
(QR)
/(YZ)
",53
5.5
/(QR)
.'.
/(QR):Y:
1.1
:3.3.
intercept
(2) The ratio of the lengths of tho intercepts made by three parallel lines on one
transversal and the ratio of the lengths of the
corresponding intercepts made by the same
lines on any other transversal are equal.
Line.r ll line y ll line z and lines p and q are
the transversals.
/(cD) _ /(LM)
In the fisure.
-'l(DE)
"
/(MN)'
t*?11
l(eR)
(Given)
,'. /(QR):7.2
,.. /(Pe):
...
.'. I(PQ):7.2.
'Line a jl line b ll line c. Line d and line e are thek transversals.
,'. by the property of three parallel lines and their transversals,
intercept LM:intercept MN ... t'.' l(PO: /(QR) ... From (l)l
.'. /(LM): /(MN)
20
PARATLEL LINES
Ans.
Construction :
(1) Draw a 6 cm long seg pe.
(2) At P, draw a ray PM making an acute
angle of some suitable measure.
(3) At Q, draw a ray QN on the opposite
side of seg PQ making an acute angle
of the same measure.
(4) On the ray PM starting from p, mark
off 4 congruent segments pp1, p1p2,
Seg
{1.
Ans.
Sog CA, seg
AB
and
respectively.
(6)
l,
seg PQ.
/Qo-):t(LY):2:3.
L on seg Xy
such that
io of division
:l
l$
::g-T:_11
Q,
{. Dlvide
VIII
PARALLEL LINES
.',
l(Yl):2'
.'.
total divisions
:3 * 2: 5
4s
,'t
\
o\R
\ .,.
Point R divides seg PQ in the
ratio I :2.
.'. /(PR) : /(RQ): 1 :2.
:4 * | :5
/(SP) :
total divisions
1.
a point R on
it such that
tr
QUADRILATERALS
(l) mISTR:90'
:
____
----- -- -- ----::--
--
--
(l)
- -'..{-'-
l) /(AB) = /(AD)
(2) /(BC):/(DC)
(3) rn IAMD:90'
(4) ! ABCD is a kite.
(
1. Rc
HC
.r side DF
(2) /(HF):l(CD)
(3)
'(cM):t(DM)
-----
Side
sides
: /(EU)
(1)
'(PN)
(2) nlutN:90'
(3) r(TN) -r(TP)
: /(TU)
: /(TE)
Propertiep-of rhombus :
(*Fh6" diagonals of rhombus bisect each
ot[rer at right angles.
diagonal of a rhombus is
Q)dacn
-
the
(U#dtbposite
,', /(Qs):8
squar.
l,
l,
(4) Square : A quadrilateral with all the sides congruent and every angle a right angle is called a
,(fr'lhe
i(l)-The
PE
0)
L congruent.
gffine diagonals of a rectangle are congruent.
Properties of a square
bisector ofthe ot
ll'ln
cm.
Fhnilarly, seg PQ
/tPg;
...
... (D-M-F)
... [From (1) and (2)]
... (3)
...
[From (3)]
Find zlXMY.
Ans. LXMY is the angle at the point of intersection
of the diagonals seg XZ and seg yW.
The diagonals of a square are perpendi-cular bisectors
of each other.
.'. zLXNIY:90o.
Q. 5. In the square HDFC, if t(HD :5 cIn, find J(CD).
Ans. Seg IIF and seg CD are the diagonals of square HDFC.
/(CD): /(HF)
".
/(HF;:5
...
"- cm.
.'. /(CD):5
(2) RECTANGLE
,(PS)
:9
/(sR):7
cm.
,', mLons:90".
Hrl DAB
nLDAC + nLCAB
m/ cAB:25'
,',
mLACD
:25"
65o;
...
(Given)
zLACD
25o.
cm
PQRS, l(PQ)
(Given)
(Given)
/(KC):3.5
a. 1. In rectangle
seg
t,
Ann mLolC
(1)
(2)
:7 .-
,', /(SR):'7 cm
QUADRILATERALS
:7
cm,
cm
4.
congruent.
VIII
:j
:4
cm
t(XZ)
... (The diagonals of a rectangle.)
t(XZ):8 cm
... (Given)
.'. /(YW):8 cm
/(YM) : j lgWl :1 * 8 cm :4 cm
Ans. /(XM) :4 cm; /(YM):4 cm.
/(YW)
mLL:mLM:mLN:90o.
nlp. What
of quadrilateral is n LMNP ?
Solution : The sum of the measures of the angles of a quadrilateral
360'.
.'. mLL * mLM * mLN * mLp: 360o
.'. 90 + 90 + 90 *mLP:360 ... (Substituting the given values)
.'. 270 * mLP :360
Q. 5. In n LMNP,
Find
QUADRILATERALS
l,
ll'
{, 'l'lrc diagonals
Anx, rrrl.AOD
90o.
l, ln the rhombus
HIT r'ongruent.
(3) RHOMBUS
'/N.rLKandLG=LI
lll N:mLK:70o and
ttt/
a. 1. If
Anx.
ttt
the length of one side of a rhombus is 7.5 cm, find the lengths
.'. t(xz):2t(xP)
:2x8cm
:16 cm
Ans. /(XZ): L6 cm.
...
[Given :
/(XP):8 pml
C:mLI=I10"
/ N : 70' and mLG:
IIAIIAI,I,ELOGRAM
110'.
70"
I 109
:
ii::l
l,
,tNO).
tiolulion : The diagonals of a paralleIoplr'irnr bisect each other.
I MN'f.
'
/(or):
/(Mo)
/(Mo):5 cm ...
/(oT):5 cm
(Given)
Similarly,
/(NO) :
/(NO):ry
Ans. /(OT)
:5
The CifCle
... (L-o-N)
... [Given:l(LN):6cm]
/(NO;:3
cm; /(NO)
:3
l.
cm.
l.
.'. LS = tQ
.'. mLS : mLQ
.'. mLS:130o ... [Given : mLQ:130o]
. mLP -l mLQ: 180 ... (The pair of interior angles are supple
.'. mLP * 130:180 ... [Given : mLQ:130"]
.'. mLP:180-130 .'. mLP:50"
Now, rt lR : mLP
... (The opposite angles of a
.'. mLR:50"
... lmLP:50"1
Lns. mLP = 50o1 mLR:S}o; mLS: 130o.
l.
hhc:
Anr. (t)
t2.te ru i: lg!19i"-ej:.':
-x)o
seg
.'
(50
-2)'and
"*.
(3x
/(OL)
/(No)+/(OL):/(LN)
..' 2/(NO):6 cm
.'1
VIII
(False)
(True)
(True)
.!TSi)
the parallelogram.
.'. (3x-2)":(50-x)'
.'. 3x-2:50-x .'. 3x*x:50+2
3x-2:3 x 13 -2:39-2:37.
.' . (3x
- 2)o :37o.
.'.
y:I43
.'.
)o:1
VIII
.'. /(OM):
/(ON).
Q. 1. In
chord CD
.'. l(BM):1.5
cm
AB ry chord
,', /(tPD=IAPB.
i,
l,
tndlun .5 cm.
The tlistance of the chord AB from the centre is
- 4 "*.
is a right-angled triangle.
APAM
,', hy Pythagoras' theorem,
2
[,(AM) l'z + t/(PM)] : I\(PA)12
... (Substituting the values)
,', [/(AM)]2 +@)2:(5)2
.'. [/(AM)]z - 9
,', l/(AM)12 :25 -16
,', l(AM):3
cm.
The porpendicular from the centre to its chord bisects the chord.
,', /(AB):21(AM)
:2 x3 cm:6
cm
l,
Ans. /(BM)
1.5
cm:3
cm.
,, /(AM): j llnn;
,', /(AM) =|xl0 cm:5 cm.
:3
t-
10
cm --'t
,',
,',
/(AB) :2/(AM)
and
CD.
at the centre.
angles
congruent
form
of
circle
chords
?hF congruent
and chord
:2
THE CIRCLE
(5)2
t/eM)1'z: t/eA)l'
+ t/eM)12
:Qr2
:144
: \844:
t2 cm.
25
.'. l(PM)
l/(PM)1'? :169
12
cm.
is
the
centre
from
chord
of
the
Anr. The distance
cm.
Mathematics Digest : Std.
Vm lE059il
r0u
e. 6. A chord of a circle
its chord
('nleulute the area of the rectangle given its length and breadth
lll t.2 cm, 2.5 cm (2) 2.1m, 1.5 m (3) 3.5 m, L.2 m.
l,
a circle
... /(AM):jl1an)
:13
46.
Ixb
:5.2 x
:jx30cm:15cm.
1n
2.5
...
...
(Formula)
(Substituting the values)
sq cm.
{t) , -
cm
:2.1x I.5
:3.15
:3.15
,: .1.5 m, b:1.2 m
'Ihe area of a rectangle: I x b
:35
:4.2
sq m.
(Formula)
(Substituting the values)
sq m.
(i)
...
...
1.2
sq m.
...
...
(Formula)
(Substituting the values)
:4.2 sqm.
l,
(lf Sitlc:25
cm
't'lu: area of a square
: (side)2
:(25)2
:625
...
...
(Formula)
(Substituting the value)
sq cm.
lJt Sitlc:2.8
:
:
(side)2
(2.8)2
:7.84
...
...
(Formula)
(Substituting the value)
sq m.
...
...
(7.2)2
AREA
VIII
(Formula)
(Substituting the value
51.84 sq cm.
...
...
(13.5)2
(Formula)
,'.
56
.'
56
"-r
7
: base x 7
: base ,'. base :
base x
8 cm
192.25 sq m.
L3 cm and height
cm?
:65
.'.
A(
ABCD)
Am.
sq cm.
is its height ?
Solution : The area
height:
is 26 sq cm.
sq cm.
!,
/(BC) x /(AE).
:84
,', .190:
base x
base x 26
390
: ;;:base
"'
base:
15 cm
Irytgl:fe-E3lggj
'f'hr, rrrca
If
of a triangle
:j
x base x height
6.5
)6
height .'. height :4 cm
. . -:
6.)
Ans. The height:4 cm.
... (Formula)
... (Substituting
the va
l,
h
Itrlullrrn :
:20
m, height:30 m, area:?
'l'lte ut'ca of a triangle : ] x base x height ... (Formula)
Base
:\x20x30
:300
...
VIII
AREA
(Substituting the
sq m
'l'|rc area
of an equilateral
triangle:f tria")'
:lxIB.2x7.5
Ans. The
:68.25 sq cm
area of the triangle :68.25
...
tr
sq cm.
v _ 12xlZ
_ ^/-1
+
,.. (Substituting
:jx16x8
:64
...
:64
:36rfi
Ans. The area of the equilateral
height:
sq cm.
125 sq cffi,
base
has an area
rr.6
sq cm.
:225t/3
'l'he urea
Solution : The area of the triangle : 11.6 cm, height : 2.9 cm, base
The area of a triangle : j x base x height ... (Formula)
_...
Aroa of a rhombus
base ?
sq cm.
triangle:36\F
:25
The area of a
sqcm
of the triangle :
the value)
Lz
t.
sq cm
the v
sq cm
triangle:225\fr
sq cm.
of a rhombur
l.
1764 sq cm
:1764
sq cm.
Vm
one of its
64 cm long, what is the length of the other diagonal ?
Solution : The area of the rhombus : l28O sq cm, the length
diagonal : 64 cm, the length of the other diagonal : x (Say)
The area of a rhombur:
...
1280
"
1280
:I
**
...
x 64 x x
x2
64 :x
(Substituting the v
"'x-40cm
12 cm and 18
What is the area of the rhombus ?
Solution : The diagonals are of lengths 12 cm and 18 crn, are?:
The area of a rhombu, : j t product of the lengths of the di
:!x12x18
:108
:1
...
(Substituting the v
.'. 702:I
x 54 x x
:26 cm.
. (1t.7+5.3)x4.5
" 14 x 4.5:3I.5 sq cm
...
l,
:i
ttl'n trapezium
"
:54
At-en
x (Say)
x product of the lengths of the di
.'. 432:| x 24 x x
:36 cm
x-*432x2
24
"'
diagonal
I'
'f
L08 sq cm.
Ailr,
(Substituting the
sq cm
702x2
54 -:26cm
...
4t
AREA
-r (Say)
...
(Substituting the v
'
sides:'e#:35
sides
:35
cm.
cm
VIII
0. 3. If
265:iG0+23)xheight
height
'#:
...
... height:
I'l['
triangle:
:
:
+39 +
22
120
56: _:60
cm
60(60
60x35x21x4
12x5 x5 x7 x7 x3 x4
:^/12x12x5x5x7x7
:15x5x7:42Asqcm
Anr. 'l'hc
area
l,
side ?
llow nuch will it cost to have a triangular field weeded at the rate
of lk 2 por square metre, if the length of the field's sides are 11 m,
0l
ltr und 60 m ?
Hglullrln : Here, a:
ttts
tl
m,
84.5:IxQ5.Z*x)x6.5
field:
m.
* b* c
2
84.5 x 2
field:
:
s(s-a)(s-bXs-c)
66(66
1X66
/66x55x5x6
61)(66
60)
:"/6x11x11x5x5x6
:6 x 11 x 5:330 sq m
c.
l'lrr, t'rst
.l'
weeding
f:"riffi : Rs 660
a*b*c
2
A(AABC)
s(s-aXs -b)(s-c)
(Substituting the
a*b+c
25
1o cm
43
AREA
:./s(s -
a)(s
bXs
This formula for finding the area of a triangle, when the lengths
sides are given, is known as Heron's formula.
t.
c)
of
d
a. 1. If the sides of a triangle
a*b*c
triangle:
z
_20+21 +
22
field:
13
:54 :27
s(s-aXs-b)(s-c)
27(27 -20)(27 -21)(27
-13)
A(APQS)
9x3x7x3x2x7x2
9x9x7x7x2x2
plot:
,
../s(s = axs
b)(s
c)
A(APQS) + (ASQR)
(180 + 390) se
plot:570
sq m.
sq m.
e+b
?4+so+sz 136
,T*
r:68m
3 xP-
68(68
:,fi *E*t:{r,
Ans. The area of the equilateral triangle
68x34x18x16
2x34x34x 18 x 16
34x34x36x16
:fO'.
area.
t ttilru
aomiperimeter (s),
of aEHF
tr
A(AEHF):
66,''
:'lY
r20
:- 20+52+48
---bu
11
a,
tn:570
;if +,
'
13 rn.
-fu
:
:
lU,
_3p
ST:
:)x6Ox13:390sqm
whose side is p.
Solution : Here, a: p, b: p, c : p
The semiperimeter (s) of equilateral triangle
A(ASQR):jbasexheight
126 sq m.
_a*b*c _p*p*p
222
:]x/(PQ)xl(PS)
:tx9x40:180sqm
:9 x7 x2:126 sqm
Ans. The area of the triangular
s(s-aXs-bXs-c)
60(60
60 x 40
20X60
s2X60
x8 x12
5x12x40x8x12
48)
:40 x 12:480
tl
:
:
ll
sq m
A(AGHF) + A(AEHF)
(816 + 480) Se m: 1296 sq m
Ans. The area of tr EFGH: 1296 sq m.
A(
EFGH)
.'. /(AC): l3 cm
(3) In AABC, /(BC) : a:5 cm, /(AC) :
The semiperimeter (s) of AABC
A-^*--T*-*----*
t erlret'livcly.
'l'lro rrrcu ol' a rectangle: I x b :5 x 4:20 sq cm
'l'lrt. nrcu ol'the coloured portion: A(AABC) A(rectangle)
:
Anr, 'l'lrc
area
i lAll('l)
is a parallelogram.
13 cm, /(AB)
: c :12
:*#
cm, height EF
'rca
cm
:^/I5x10x2x3
.,600
:30
20) sq cm:60 sq cm
15 cm.
base x height
cm,
: i :T ; Tgjl'
:
:
sq cm
A( n ABCD)
(300
A(aEAB)
(3) 30 sq cm.
Q. 8. In
Solution
rrr'lirrtgle.
Ir:
.'.
triangle
:4,rro"r,:.frx8x8
4',---''
\ta
sq cm
sq cm
:I6.,fr
20cm
15 cm.
of AEAB
s(s-a)(s-bXs-c)
(80
:tl#!:+:r5
1s(l5 -s)(15
cm,
Jl
144:
AC:20
-1,:o"s
+ (0D2 :25
lll'
huse
.- 8 cm.
=_]ltnscxhcight
(5)2
nltlt',
lrclglrt
lrr
:lx5x12:30sqcm
47
AREA
:rcrQ
sq cm.
o
cl
12 cm.
: i :T : H-j1., sq cm
18cm
I'III{
1. Circurnference of a circle
lll
circumference
-n
diameter
If the circumference, diameter and radius of a circle are denoted by
letters c, d and r respectively, then we have,
"'
:2x22x8:352cm
lll
ffi
.'. , - n x2r:2nr
d:6.3 m
Circumference (c):
r.-7.7
o'5:
352 cm.
cm
: znr
:2 xLl x73
:2 x22 x 1.1 :48.4 cm
('ircumference
: 48.4 cm.
Aru.
I
lore, r
2.8 m
: znr
:2 x! x2.8
:2 x 22 x 0.4: 17.6 m
lll
d:35
Hete,
Clrele
Here,
cm
Circumferen ce (c): vf,
l;'*:22
('ircumf'erence
C'lrt'rttrrlbrcnce
l,
Ans. circumfe.J
lrt
diameters
below:
Ant.
Cln'ttrttl'cren ce
(l)
(ll
c:nd
:Znr
:2x21-x56
A:n
tlcre,r-56cm
C'lrctttrtl'e rcrr ce
number.
(2)
l9tl cm
616
cm
(3) 72.6 m.
Eolutkrn':
llore. r.': 198 cm
C'll'curnt'erence: nd
lll
11 cm
(2) Here,
:
t' t63
22-:
nj
: v4
:?, O.l4:22 x 0.02:0.44 m
Ans. Circumference : 0.44 m.
Circumference (c)
198
x7 :9x7:63cm
22
31.5 cm
d:
1e6:?| x d
I llcrc, c :616
cm
('ilcrrmference: nd
," 616:?"d
, tl 196 :98
'' ;: ,
.'. d:-
616
cm
xj :28x7:196cm
:72.6 m
('ircumference: nd
:98
cm.
d:
... 72.6:2; x d
,:t:d
23.1
72.6 x 7
VIII
23.1
m; radius
51
__r--
l r:x
Wrlle llte propcr values in the blanks in the following table
l,
:11.55m
Ans. Diameter
:3.3x7:23]m
A CIRCLE
Rudlus
lrl
11.55 m.
:Znr
Hnlttlkrrr
lltlllrc. t 42cm.
cl-)t' 2x42cm:84cm
r - 2nr = 2 x + x 42 :2 x 22 x 6 :264 cm
Art rr nr' :T x 42 x 42:22 x 6 x 42:5544 sq cm
:2xTx7.j
:2x22 x l.l:48.4m
:3
48.4
m:145.2
x 145.2:Rs
r/: 9.8 m
rl
9.8
, : :-:4.9 m
22
9.8 :22 x I.4 :30.8 m
t, - nd :?,
:T
x 4.9 x 4.9:22 x 0.7 x 4.9:75.46 sqm
Arcrr - nr'
l,ll I lclc,
7260
Q. 5. The bus has wheels of diameter 0.7 m. How many times must
wheel of the bus rotate for covering the distance of 22 km
two towns ?
solution : The distance covered by the wheel of the bus in 1 rotat
: circumference of the wheel
: Ttd:! x 0.7 :2.2 m
The distance between the two
towns: Z2km:22 x
1000
Atu.
tlt
wheel:
distance
circumference
22000
ZZ
:10000
Area of a circle
c:44m
t' 2nr .'.44:2x'lxr
llerc.
.l
lr:re, area:616 sq cm
/\rea: nr2 .' . fir2 : 616
f
- 616 x7 : 196
' rz:
22
d :2r:2 x 14 cm:28
2.
Radius
nr2.
44 x7
' r:-:7
2 x22
il'2r:2x7:14m
Arca: nr' :T x7 x7 :22 x7 : 154 sq m
Ans. Radius :7 mi diameter:14 m; area:154 sq m.
m:
.'. 2| x 12 :616
r:14
cm
cm
c:nd:Tr28:22x4:88cm
Ans. Radius : 14 cm; diameter:28
<,
VIII
(l)
llert, A ,= 3850 sq m
At'ett rrl' t circle: nr2
Here, r:28 cm
Area of a circle : nr2 : I x ZB x 28 : 2464 sq cm.
Ans. Area of the circle :2464 sq cm.
r:7.7
sq m.
l{l
(A:
.'. 1386 :! x 12
.'. r-3 x7:21 cm
12:
22
x7 :63
d:2r:2
.'. r-
:j
rz
.'. 12:
10.5 m
d:2r:2
x lO.5 cm:ZI
.94:!
^ 301.84 x 7
' ,2:
12
22
Atn. Diameter:19.6 m.
flll
llero,
A:24.64 sqm
,"
circle: nrz
24.64:2| x r2
- 24.64 x
. 12:
22
il .2r:2x2.8
x 2I cm:42 cm.
cm:5.6
m.
Arrs. Diameter:5.6 m.
r'-
}nr
tXr.U
-2 x? x r
Arcrt trl' a
-:i
circle:
15.4
:2.zxi:15.4m
,-96'8x7
2 x22
nr2
:175 x7 :1225
.', r:
il-2r:2x9.8m:19'6m.
x7:9 x7 x7
.'.
22
,', r:2.8m
3850 x 7
9.8 m
sq cm.
301
Arcn of a
lletc. A:301.84 sq m
Arett trl' a circle: nrz
,',
r:6.3
12
35m
x 35 m:70 m.
Alu. l)iameter:70 m.
f1
.'.
d ::2r:2
m
Area of a circle :7812 :! x 6.3 x 6.3 : 124.74 sqm.
Ans. Area of the circle :124.74 sqm.
:2] x r2
,'r'
(4) Here,
.lll50
cm.
346.5 x
22
:75.75 x 7 :110.25
'
/rAll):
14 cm and
AM: MB
.'. l(AM) :7
cm.
AM is the diameter.
d7
'.. r:;:;ZL
VIII
cm.
_ --2
.ra11
aLtt
:7*r"r:38.5
sq cm
:7Tr2
:!
x l.a x 1.4:6.16
sq m
.'.
the total surface area of the upper and rower part of the
circular
:2 x 6.16 : 12.32 sq m
.'. total surface area of 100 lids :12.32 x 100: 1232 sqm
Expenditure for painting at the rate of Rs 20 per sq m
: rate X area
:Rs
20
| |Fir,.rlsrics
crlttrtrcy,
ltryglglg f3!!g_:
ltr llrc rrrw rlata given above, the frequency of score 2is 4. When the
.l strrlres is large, we make use of tally marks to determine the
nurnlrr,r
lterlrrr,nly
ol the various
scores.
x 1232:Rs 24640
ilil
ilr
r0
il-il $u
N-[ ilil
ilt
.,)
,l
l.
in a Science
t4 1 t2 t7 20 1l 10 10 16 21
t) 27 18 20 19 7 29 16 15 20
28
22
25
27
t3
57
STATISTICS
l3t 137 130 13s t37 r40 135 t37 r32 135
Itr 135 l3l t39 t40 r40 138 136 137 135
lgl lll 130 r34 135 t4o 138 r37 t36 l3r
Ag,
.
.,.11:.,:1t.1:.:..
:.....
HLeffi1;|r'r;
gnr,ird#[ffi
l::i:i;:,lt:,il!.:fr iif;K;:.riiiiltrilili;ttiiii#it
ii#frlfi$Nffi;i
W
2
130
il
131
lil
t32
r33
t34
il
135
N-[
136
Ans.
t37
il
il-ll
il
Q. 2. Some peas were shelled and the number of peas in each pod
recorded.
2324563344
3445564455
6633423426
given
138
il
2
5
t39
140
l$tt
N:30
t,
Obrorve the given frequency table and write the answers to the
hllowlng questions :
t2 13 11 12 t4 13 t2
12 13 12 12 11 t4 12
t2 t3 11 12 13 12 13
Ans.
L2
i, 11 t4 t3
13
13
t3
11
t2
13
12 12 14
t2 11 12
l*r$
11
Nl.t
t2
t3
il-il
T4
ilil
nI
ilt
l7
13
N:40
froquencY
{I
lll
I1l
t.l)
l5l
lhl
Al)out how
llow many
lkrw many
llow many
lhrw many
lkrw many
Arur.
l)
32
ffiWi$
-1
N_
(l+3 +5 +7 +7 +5 +4)
(s)e(1+3+s)
(6) e(s+4).
vm
STATISTICS
AABOBABABAAA
A B O O O B OABAAB
OAOBABAOOB
fr:
hkt,
1r
of (x x "f)
N
480
40
:12
Ans. The mean of the ages
of the students: 12 years.
1.5.
Ans.
iffiflfiIffi
A
$tt
lllJ
AB
(2)
lt
$il ilil
(3)
l0
7
ilil
AB
(1)
$tJ
(4)
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
N:30
2.5
30.
3. Mean:
It
I
1.5
0.0
3.0
0.0
lt
's-.
3.0
3.5
3.5
4.0
8.0
3.0
4.5
4.5
5.0
5.0
5.5
5.5
6.0
6.0
15
45.0
N:
Sumof
VIII
STATISTICS
(xxf)
fth&n
l_-
45.
lllo of drtveri
ir' (r)
t,11,t,
15
:3
cm.
1
s610789
87651010978
s796101010108
6ll
1--EL
30
S,
. ; _Sum of (xxf)
rN
306
40
:7.65
Ans. Mean earning Rs 7.65.
20323130211223r
010432t23323442
From this data, make a frequency table and find the mean.
18
24
4^
ilt
t2
N:30
60
Make a frequency table for this data and find the mean.
Solution :
|il
of (x x/)
ll{ ilt
78910
$t{
N]
3"
6510
|il
Meuo=2drivers.
tr
1. Rc
17
their cost.
Ex. In the group of numbers 4,8, 13, and 26, the simplest form of
4 : 8 is I :Z.The simplestformof theratio 13 :26isl: 2. The si
form of the two ratios 4 : 8 and 13 : 26 are equal.
.'.
proportion means
a: b andc: d
ffi
l:9,.
bd
lfextUookpage62)
57 t9x3
'
'
St
6
"' i*
'f
l()
1.5
ffi
-7
*H, n -
49.
12 4x3 3
12:32:-:
32 4x8 -:3:8
8 - 15 5x3 3
15:35:-:
.'.
x:9
"'
P:
12'
'FP=12'
.$
10
1:-I
"15 m
: 16
12 3x4-
6x15
-9'
28 4x7 7 :4
16 4x4 --i
4
21
3x7
7
- l2:-:2l:
-'1 '
28
.'.6x15:10x-r
.'.
.,.
i
25
are
in proportion.
xm:35 x35
.'. m:49
-'t'1
35 5x7 '7-'''
:1:,,,
:26:2:
-26 L3x2-2-''o
lOlUtkrn
gottuttittsion.
sale
is constant.
('0lllmlsslon
r|r 5400 5,
l0 l'80
1
x
825
and
x
125
x
-:5;
--5.
-:5
250
.'. X: _ :50;
x:5 x 125:625
-t
Then,
VIII
250
and
825
*: S :
tYlrcn
v-lll, I
ll*w,
y-*r
165.
,'
lll
t t1
;, 12, r/:
l.! A x lt'l
used
directly
t,
lnr 'l'lre
I
constant
r 'r
.'. c:kd
lll
r/
l
Jlt
28,
\fltetr
as
value of .r is 4.
(2) p q 4. Whenp is 12, the value of q is 18.
(3) c oc d. When c :28. d:21.
(4\ m u-n. When n :7.5. n:10.
Solutions :
(1) There is direct variation between y and x.
.'. y cc x
.'. y:kx
... (k is a constant.)
lsp- ;q.
J
t
5;
... (k is a constant.)
,,
-28 -!
^-2r-3'
x2l
'!rr, erlrrirtion
of variation is
c:
3d.
is
.l
1J
as
a
2
.-- l.
18
d:21
12
_-
of variation is
equation of variation
t = t'r'
0. In
is
18
If l-:
5.
... (k is a constant.)
,'. P-:kq
lVltett
: t (t is a constant), then
the
k:l:?:t
x4
.'.
4.
'
rt
.'
m:0.75
n.
,,t
0.75 n.
VIII tr059il
Klll (fextfook
wn.n J :
!,
15,
page 68)
x:14'
o.
67
t=JI
! x x:k
/- 15, x:14.
,'.
1l x
14
... (k is a constant.)
: /c .'. 210: k
l}210.
30x4:I20,20x6-1.20
.'. the constant of variation is 120.
-l
rt', il9
.'.
x:
x: 120
.'.
x:!:9
l0
x24:!20
.'.
x:ff:t
10 x
120
8:120
-:
Zxw:k
... (kisaconstant.)
.'.
tt
st
I ,* !,
tYhon t
Ans.
.'. s x t:k
... (k is a constant')
:5.5, s:4.4-
i,4,4x5.5:k
k:24.2
Here,
variation.
xxy-k
is
the
is
of variation
'y
tillht
of
ldgtlOn ! Here, there is inverse variation between the number
Sgtrcs in the crate and the number of crates required'
VIII
flderrrluct
--:=.
be y.
Then x oc
...
(Inverse variation)
.'. xxy:k
... (ftisaconstant.)
When x:36, y:60
.'.36x60:k
.'. k:2t60.
Now, substitute
48 x y
" YY
x:48
xy:2169.
6z - 2ab * b2
la I h)(a-b):az -b2
l{l (l' I 5)2 :x2 l-lox +25.
(11
r
'
trr
h12
(1)
{la,
g-:lt,
t2l
ku'- rt'
:2160
lll
rl' o
2160
4g
t)
:45
"'
Ans. 45 crates
are required.
@)2
+2(4) x
:16*8p-+p'
Flt-ov+?:
Ans.
D tg+ nt(S-m)
(4\
(m)2
=2t
L6
(6)2
Ans. 36
'
6(l +2)2
(.50)2 + 2(50) x (2) + (2)2
2704
-2500+200+4
Anr. 2704.
p2
*9nn'* 1.
:36*-*12
51''
@)
+8p *p2.
nn'
lll
.:)'.
/
l\2
+\6
)
n2.
fululkrnn:
(e
Q) @+p)2
Su
tll
(5) 77x83.
i?)e82
i :(1oo-2)2
Q) $2
:
:
(60)2
+ 2,f0) x (3) +
(3)'z
:3600+360+g
:3969
(5) 77 x
(30 + 2)(30
(30)2
_ Q)'
:900 -
-2)
lll tr
= 896
Ans. 3969.
:
:
(4) 32 x28
:(60 +r2
(80)2
3X80
6400
2. Expansion of (x -l a)(x I b)
lll
* b)
:x2 +xb*ax*ab
(equal term)2
formula to multiply
(1) (p + 4)@ + 7)
(4) (x - lX.r - 9)
(7) (10 + m)(t + m)
(ro) ('n
.:)(--:)
Solutions
(l)
(p +
second unequal
il,*ffinel$C,r,,if I tre*tuook
1.. Use the
(2)
(s)
(8)
r)
(3) (q
8Xy + 6)
(6) (m
(e + n)(n
3)
ol) (e _p)(s-p)
-3)(q +
* 5)(m
(e) (11+yXy
(12)
(?.x
$(p +7)
I llp -128.
(2) (b +2)(b- 1) : b2 +[2 + (- l)]b* 2 x ( - 1) :
Ans. p2
Ans.
D2
+b-2.
b2
+ b -2
9)
11
(- 9):v'
,i)( --:)
=*'r
i,( -:))-.?"(-l):*'
nr'
lllt tq
pr()
lll
l$p
llt
l,
lll
+2v -99
514
39
t4
.T,
- p)
- (u)'r + t(-p) +(-p)l
x 9 *(
- p) x (-p) :81 -
t8p
p2
*p2.
t,lr t7)(2x+3)
- (2r)2 + (7 + 3'l x 2x *7
Aru.
11Xv
ll0t (n
+ 7)(2x
yr I I I I +(-9)ly+
l' t lv 99.
Anr,
(v
--
lru,
page 72)
(b + 2)(b
(y
l9 lnltl 3):(n+9Xn-3)
=nr I l() I ( - 3)ln+9 x (- 3):n' *6n-27
lF'
Q.
30.
:x2*ax*bx*ab
:x2 *(a*b)x*ab
(equal term
6391
Ans. 639L.
(x
nt n
tlnt,
+ 3)
G)' :
*f, tr lv 4tl.
lS lm I tl(rr 6):m2+[5+ (-6)]m*5 x(-6):m2-m-30
896.
83
(80
7I
IDENTITIES
VIII
4x2
*20x *21
tu' l20x*21.
l{l (6
plp
-p)
(2) (m -3)Qn
(s)
+e\
(".;X,-l)
(3) (s +YXY
formula to
4)
IDENTITIES
Solution
r', (, .i)Q
-I):,'.
3. Expansion of (a +b + b\2
(] -
I), .'u"
(I):o'
*'uo
:
:
:
:
-=14rt' I
= lhrr I vt
ff|
rl
|fur r
= l Jr,fr
*2ax * x2
a2 *2a(b -f c) + (b + c)2
... lsusbtituting
a2 *Zab +2ac + b2 +2bc * cz
a2 * b2 + c2 +2ab + ZQc * 2ca
(b +
c) for x]
&
+ ( - 4n)' + 2 x (2p) xm
m2
-36b
* 2 x m x (-4n) I
(-4n)
x (2p)
I2m
* 6mb.
.lr)2
5q)'
\u t 4b -3c)'
-(
.5a)2
+ (4D2 +
126x
-10xy
* 90y.
(-3c)' *2 x (-
5a) x 4b
x (-3c)
+2
x 4b
*2x(-3c)
(-5a)
lll t'l/
2n -3nlz
* t,llf + (-2m)2 + (-3n)2
9lr' | .16 *
- lt I I 4t)x2 * 25y', -
76)
-7r)2
ttt)
x5yx9
Ans.
(a + 2b + 3c)2
*8xy- t4Y-56x.
l?t
lTextbook pages 7s
(l)
49
4nl2
ttt lP 1r/
=l,r I (
l$B':ffi
xy x (-7) +2x(-7)x(4x)
,=4,,]1ttt)l,#I!y::?y:-!!:y--..-----.
=
c)l
a2
ti:
y'i ( -7)'+2x4xxy-12
6t rrl h I tttt2
- tlr,lr I ( 6)2 +m2 +2x3b x (-6) +2x(-6)xm*Zxmx3b
(a+b+c)2
:(a*x)2
lll t{rtv 1f
-12 x 4l x
(-2m)'12 x (-2m) x
*2 x (-3n) x 4t
-r6tm-tr2mn-ro:;t")
Hlrnplily :
rlt tl I nt +n)2 +Q -m +n)2 (2) (2x +y *z)2 -(2^x
tJt tp t 3q!r)'-@-3q+r)2
rdr t\u 6b - 5c)2 + (7a * 6b - 5c)2
J.
(3) (2p
(6) (9
+m
-7x-t
5y
+y -z)2
Ans.
a2
b2
+ 64 + Zab +
b x 8 *2 x 8 x a
l6b + l6a.
IDENTITIES
74
-(2x+y-z)2
*4ry *Zyz* zx) - (4x2 +y2 * z2 +4ry -2yz4x2 + yz + zz + 4xy * 2yz * 4zx - 4*t - y' - z2 - 4ry * 2yz *
Ans. 4yz *
:4yz*8u
:
:
(4x2 +y2 + z2
(3) (p *3q*i2
-(p-3q*r)2
Izpq
IZqr
+9q2 +r2
-6pq-6qr*
-9q'-rt *6pq*6qr!ns. l2pq -f
84ab
60bc
il
Expansion
4. Expansion_(a +D)3
-;rrl3xpzx5+3 xpx52+53
=;rr f l5p2 +75p* 125
::
(a + b)3
a3
3a2b
+ 3ab2 +
b3
In words,
(first term * second term)3
: (first term)3 * 3 x (first term)2 x (second term) *
3 x (first term) x (second term)2
(a*b)t :a3 *3azb +3ab2 +b3
: a3 +b3 +3a2b*3ab2
*qy)'.
lll (t t,'lr
-llr l-3x82xc+3x8
= 512 * l92c *24c2 + c3
(.h
*125'
xc2+c3
Ans. 512 +l;gzc +24c2 +c3.
F4)3
(3n)3
{lt (6lZq)t
* 6:r * 3 x 62 x 2q*3 x 6 x 12q72 + (2d3
*216+216q+72q2
{t)
(4.r
*
16l
+lqt
*y)3
(4x)3
flm*4n\3
(8) (px
Fhdonr:
lll tp t str
(4) (6-t2q)u
Ans, 343m3
-f
588m2n '1336mn2
AEv''zt
1y71y] 1tt t
(4n)2 +(4n)3
64n3 '
o (s'+|)'
*
(second
:(5x)3*3x(5"x)2x
/1\3
15
75
:I25x5- *T*'^+?"+S
l25x'
75^ 15 + 1
+Tr'+ Zt
:
:
*3
+ 3 x px *Yty, + qty,
p3x3 I 3p2x2qy I 3pxq2y2 + qtyt
Ans. p3x3 * 3p2x2qy -l3pxq2y2 + qty3.
p3x3
IDENTITIES
VIII
tlt ilil
I lllll | | )t
:- lt}(ll t I x 3002 x
x p2x2 x qy
*3
AHl, lTlTlrnll.
(1)
533
(50 + 3)3
ltf
1lll t
t,rlllt | 5)'l
J, Wtllp
Ans. 148877.
lUrnrmln lo t'xPand :
Q)
1023
llt tl
:(100+2)3
:1003+3 x 1002 x2-13 x 100x 22+23
lru'
llt t: r tt'
1000000 + 60000
lH,
1200
* 8:
1061208
Ans. 1061208.
@)
443
(40 + 4)3
:403 * 3 x 402 x 4 *3 x 40 x 42 + 43
: 64000 + 19200 + 1920 * 64 : 85184
613
ltt
(.'/,
(60 + 1)3
:603 + 3 x 602 x 1 *3 x 60 x 12 + 13
: 216000 + 10800 + 180 + I : 226981
Ans.226981.
13x22xa*3x2xa2+a3
Ans. 85184.
(4)
,-23
.'tl+lLa+6a2 +a3.
, Etltaltlkxt of (a -b)3
lrr l,lt
a3
3q2b
+ 3ab2 =
bJ
... ( 1)
llt rvrrrrls
lllrql lclttt - second term)3
= r lltst tcrm)3 - 3 x (first term)2 x (second term) *
3 x (first term) x (second term)2 - (second term)3
I rr l,l' -= u3 - 3a2b + 3ab2 - b3
:
(t
1043
:
:
:
(100 + 4)3
Ans. 1124864.
... (2)
IDENTITIES
a.
formula to expand :
(3r-y)3
Solutions
(1
(6)
*y)3
(3) (32 -
(4) (8
5)3
(2-7D3 (T (6rrr1)'
\
-3
5z)3
(1) (x-7)3
(2) (1-y)3
-fu2m2bn*kmb2n2 -h3n3
y3
+n)3+ (m-n)u
(3) (3n-5)3
:27n3
Ans. 27n3
(4)
(8
13n)3
3 x (3,n)2 x 5 * 3 x 3n x 52
-l35nz *225n-I25
135n2
-f
225n
53
125.
-5n)3
600n2
-125n3.
(3.r)3
-3
t2mt *6mn2
hns +6mn2.
-r)t - (y +r)'
i 03 - 3y2x * 3yx2 - x3)- (yt + 3y2x * 3yx2 + x3)
- y3 - 3y2x t 3E_- t"- y3 - 3y2x - 3yx2 - x3
- - 6Y2x -2x3
(y
(5) (3x-y)3
-p)1+(2+p)t
+3c)3 -Ga-3d3.
Eoil !
fr+n)t +(m-d3
-d+
'f*: x6mx(i)'-(i)'
| -g6m'+zn-*
x (6m\2
x (3x)2 x y i3 x 3x x y'
- y'
*m. -
6yzx
-?-x3.
(6) (2-7D3
:23
:8
x 22 x 7b * 3 x 2 x (7D2
-84b +294b2 -343b3
-3
Qblt t
= 8 - !2p + 6pt
= 16 -l l2p2
Anr.
16
+1b".
IDENTITTES
(4) (2a-g)3
-(Za+g)3
.=(2a)3 -3 x (2a)2 x 9 *3 x2a x92
-93
(2a)2
3
x
x 9 * 3 x 2a x 92
- IQa)3 *
:8a3 - t0ga2 + 4g6a - 72g
-(ga3 + rogaz + 4g6a +729)
:8a3 l0ga2 * 4g6a
ga3
r}gaz _ 4g6a _ 729
-216a2
'
l)3
-3x1002x1*3x100x P _13
.*
30000 +
{g-
30001 :970299
n02ee.
- 21tu2 *t4sg.
Ans.
(5)
- W-
145g
- 4)3
-3 x 1102 x4*3 x 110 x 42 -43
.(5a
3 x 5a x (3c)2
* (3c)3
*U!t"*I35ac2
:450a2c
l35ac2
14s200 + 5-?99
64
145264: 1191016
- 3)3
-3 x20O2 x 3 *3
54c3
x 200 x 32'33
-360000 +54oo-27
- 360027 :7645i373
0) 473
(2)
s83
(3)
993
(4)
Solutions :
G)
473
: (5O * 3)3
,, :509-3 x 502 x 3 +3 x 50 x 32 -33
- 125000 -22500 + 1350 -27
:;A;-
22527
1)3
Itor
2102
9261000
hf**
x I * 3 x 2lo x
-132300+630- l
9261630
132301
12
13
:9129329
)12932e
+ilizg
thc left hand side of an equation remains equal to the right hand
Ans. 103823.
(2)
010-
583
.:
(60
_ 2)3
:216720-21608:l95tt2
Ans. 195112.
fl '-3:17
Q) 3a(a-2):k2
-tu+10
:%
(4) t2n+(2re-3)':4m2
lt tn *Z)(r+ 5) : 3n - t6 + n2 (6) at tb3 :Sah
*'y + 3xy2 :vt -rt.
sr *b2
+2n +9
lubntituting n :2,
-3:17
: (2 - 2)(2+ s) : 0(7) : s
IHS = 3(2) - 16 + Q)2 : 6 - 16 * 4 : - 6
:2,
LHS:5x2-3:10 -3:7
Substituting y
LHS
RHS: 17
... LHS +
,., LHS #
.'.
,',
RHS
[Note : Except for 4, the equation is not true for any other
the variable.l
:2,
LHS:3x2(2-2):6x0:0
RHS : 3 x 22 * 6 x 2 * I0 : 12 -
10
LHS
10
RHS:2x0:O
... LHS +
and b
7,
3(0Xl)
:0
RHS
* 3ry'
:.tr3
- )3
.r: I and ): -
= 3(1)2(
1)
1,
+ 3(1X - l)'z
: -3 +3 :0
=(1)3 -(-.1)3 : 1 -(- 1) = | * :2
:2b
b:0,
5b + b2
- 18 -5(0) + (0)2 :
UIS=(0)3+(1)3:0+l:l
Substituting
.'.
12
lubatituting a
,',
RHS
the given equation is not an identity.
(3) 13 -
al *b3:3ab
r,, LHS +
Substituting a
LHS
RHS
IHS
.'.
.'.
IDENTITIES
(n -ZX" + 5) : 3n -'l'6 + n2
Ans.
(1) 5y
VIII
3(1X-
1)
+3(1X1)
1.
18
-0 +0 :
18
RHS
: 4m2 + 2m -l 9
Substituting m: - I,
LHS : r2(- r) +12(- 1\ 312
= -12+(-2-3)21
: -12+(-5)t : - 12 -125 :
RHS : 4('- l)' +2(- I) +'g
LHS + RHS
le + b)2 : a2 *2ab * b2
(e + b\(a - b): a2 - b2
& + a)(x + b) : x2 + @ + b)x * ab
(a - b)2 : a2 -2ab + b2
la+b*c)2:a2 +b2 +c2 +2ab+Zbc+2ca
(g + a)s
13
:4x7-Z+g:4*7:ll
."
LHS + RHS
.'.
e! + 3a2b + 3abz +
b3
*!l*3x
=l,r
r+1:6
a
(s)
5:7
Solutions
(2)
(6)
x+4:3
(3)
x-3:5
2x:8
(4\
(2)
.'; X:6 - |
.' . X:5
x+4:3
.'- x:3-4
(3).r-3:5
.'. x:5 *3
.'. X: -I
.'. -f :8
Ans.
Ans.
(4)
x:5.
2x:8
,:,
(5)
X:4
Ans. x:4.
.r- -1.
...
Ans.
1r*3:3x-3
l-6
.x:
(3)
x:3
Ans. x:3.
(2) 3x
-'
,rr
t";n
-2: -7
.'. 3x: -7 +2
.'. 3x: - 5
, , r - -;
Ans.
,'
*7 :
x: - -.
3
,'
. x:2
Ans.
.'. 6:x
x:6
.'.
(3)
"
?e
3x+1
?i +3
-:
_3
(7) - :3
r-l
flll llm -l
2m *3
5
3v*5
(1s) -:2
3Jr:t
x:2.
r+
:
+l--f
* l5=2(I-x)
*-t 5 =2-2x
ltt>
}:2-5
3
3
i-:-l
tzl5x-4:2
.!x
.'.5x-4:2x2x
.'. 5x - 4:4x
.'. 5x-4x:4
.', X:4
Ans.
x:4.
(4\5a- l
3a
x*l
(8) _:_
''r-1
x+2
(12)
6
5
7
-3 t
zx+l 5
(16)
x
' '3x-2
-:-
15
*1
Q. 3. Solve the following equations :
(1).r+5:3x
(2) 7x :20 - x
(3) 6(r-1):5(r+1)
(4) 2x *3:3(r-1).
.r: 1.1,
.'. 4x - 15 -7
.'. 4x:8
Ans.
:,
4x+7:15.
(3) 4x
.'. 3 + 3:3x-2x
a:21.
Ans.
20
,', a:7 x3
.'. a:Zt
i .'. ;r:11
;:7
J
*ll-3(x-1)
x:8.
i.'. 6x-5x:5+6
x:T205
:.*:,
(l)Zx-5:1
.'.2x:l*5
.'.2x:6
.'.
t,
",
X:-
l-t't
5a: -20.
.'.8x:20
'l
i(r)eo-1):5(x+1)
-x
.'.7x*x:20
=1r
(1)x*1:6
Ans.
(2) 7x:2O
(3)
2r(.
3x+1:-l
.'. 11x - -3
" &-
.1
Ans. x
lt
3
86
EQUATIONS
5a
-7
(4}-:2
3ct
.'. 5a-7:2x3a
.'. 5a -7 :6a
- l:A
." a= -7
Ans. a: -7.
4x
27i
.'
-------j---------l-
Al:: 1:
(7)x- - :3
3x 15
(91
" bc+1 :4
.'.2x+3:3(x-L)
.'.2x+3:3x-3
.'.
: 6(x - l)
.'. 5x*5:6x-6
.'. 5x-6x: -6-5
-x: -ll
.'.3x*5:
-X: -6
.'. ir:6
Ans. x:6.
x- I
5(x
:)
1)
.'. x:11
3v*5
3
-7y: t
.'. 3(3Y+5):5(3-7Y)
.'. 9y * 15: 15 - 35Y
.'. 9Y + 35Y: 15 - 1t
.'. 44Y:g
-21-lo
.t.
y:
Ans. Y :6.
31
+l 5
=29
(17)
8-3v
sv
4
18
(18) -2v :j
y_+
+z: n
.'. 3(r8-2Y):40-4)
*9:15r-10 .'. 136 - 51Y: 5Y +2 .'. 54-6Y:4Y-16
-6Y-4Y: -16-54
- l5x: - 10-9
-5lY-5Y:2-1,36i
r*19
- 10Y: -79
-56Y: -134
134 67
19
. .._-7
t"
"'loy:70
,, y-t
56-28
3
Ans. y =7.
ffi
19
Ans. y :
tg.
I
.'.3x*5:8x
.'.
(15)
,T3l
t-T'
- l:
(8)x*l -:; 6
+3
4 x-L
n: zx - r
= -31
_10
2x
3m:
27i
Ans. lrr:
29i
-.
ONE VARIABLE
=til) = - 3(m+7)
5m= -3m-21
+2:2(x
4x *2:?-x
4x-2x: 2x: - IO
4x
45m-27:I6m
45m-l6m:27
114\
+75
-=-
x-4
9(5m-3):8(2m)
-7:6a-5a
-n -3
(6) *2. :2
5m-3 _8
(5) _:
2mq
tI\
I
I
I
3x
-8x:28
- 5x:23
jt:;:
23
'y:--
Ans. x - 11.
Ans.
23
x: -=-.
5l
Problems:
(Textbook page 8E)
5x*4
(l0l
' '2x+l :2
(tt\ llm-l
2m-13
.'.5x*4:2(2x*I)
.'. 5.r* 4:4x*2
.'.5x-4x:2-4
lIm-l:2(2m*3\,
.'.2(x-t2):71,
-:2
Ilm- I:4m * 6 .'.2x+4:7xlIm- 4m:6 +
.'. 2x-'lx: -2
.', X: -2
7m:7
Ans. x
- -2.
.'. m: I
Ans.
m:1.
-5x: -25
.'. 5x:25
.'. .f:5
Ans.
r:5.
Hlryr
&lutlon : Let Durva's
lgorva's
* 3) Years
age will be (x * 6 + 3) :
(.x
(x
9) years.
x+9 _4
" r+3
.'.
will
be 4 : 3.
- 4x:
-x:-15
3x
12
.'. x=15
Poorva's present
-27
age: (x * 6) years
(15 + 6) years
:2I
years.
- 5) :5(x - 1)
,',7x-35:5x-5
,', 7x-5x: -5 +35
,',2x:30 .'. x:15
x*72.
xj:4
172
.'
. x *72:4x
Q,
.'. x:24
from
:3x -
2 from
three
on,=::
2x+5
:2x
.'.
numeratoristripledandthedenominatorisincreasedby2'thevalue
fraction ?
of the fraction obtained is j. wtrat was the original
be x'
f{olution : Let the numerator of the original fraction
'l'ltc numerator is smaller than the denominator by 3'
,'. the denominator: (x + 3)
x
,'.
+:.
"
x:
times
,',
-15.
15
x-T:t
t9
.'. l9x:95
l.
2.
7(x
years'
Ans. The present age of the younger brother is 15
.'. 4x:x*72
.'.4x-x:72
.'.3x:72
.'. x*72:24+72:96
.'
.'.
on,=:5"
X- I I
3x x
2:
x'13 1 2 :
3x
5
3x1
-: ,
I(x -15)
.'
. 5x:5
.'.
x:
.'.
it
#.
.'.
VIII
+::
'x15
.'.4x:2O
.'.
$,
,/ffi
(2)
'$*
5)
x:5
and-r*3:5*3:8
TeT6
189
189
'19: :: I
'.x*15
*7-x: -20
?-x:2O
,.r/toss: rs.
*rs.
J6o-:u
-1
20
204
+4
208
008
00
816
816
000
+ 15) and
Find the approximate values of the square roots of the following
numbers up to two decimal Places :
(l) et.32t6 (2) 7.6se.
!.
15)
.'. x-3x:45-65
.'.
+4
+0
.x.
+4 -16
336
336
000
10816
+1
84
000
t04
(3)
44
(z',)
.'. .r:10
(t)
9r.321600
81
10 32
9 25
01 o7
+z
47
+7
546
+6
l6
9525
119100
5527
+7
1t4636
9l
L2
Jrn
2.7 67
7.6T 9-o o 6
(2)
9.5 5 6
5534
004464
-4
3 6s
-30 29
3690
327
041400
38689
o27
tl
t6:9.556...
92
(1)
2.1s
g ,F g,F.x
VIII
as rational numbers
MISCELLANEOUS EXERCISE -
or i
(4) 4.812316s9...
Q. 5. Divide
seg
.'. LA= LC
.'. mLA:mLC
... (1)
,'.
+ 8)' : (9x -7)"
.'. 8x* 8:9x-7
.'. 8.x-9x: -7 -8
- x: - 15 .'. x:'1,5
,'. mLA: (8x * 8)' : (8 x 15 * 8)': (120 * 8)o :
(8x
Ans.
From (1),
123".
mLC:128".
.'. 128*mLB:180
Also,
mLD:mLB
.'. mLD:52"
mLA:128"; mLB:52"; mLC:128"i mLD:52.
Ans.
8.
If in the parallelogram
P. ./
"-.
g9'l*"
.'. tl(QM)l'*82:I'72
.'. t/(QM)]'z : r72 -82 :289 -64:225
.'. /(QM): 15 cm.
The perpendicular from the centre to its chord bisects the chord.
. ' /(QR):2/(QM) :2 x 15:30 cm
Ans. The length of the chord:30 cm.
f'
NAVNEET MATIIEMATICS DIGEST
: STANDARD
VIII
MISCELLANEOUS EXERCISE -
centre.
scg
..
:. mLPOq:7}"
of rength 16 cm is at a
of 8 cm from the centre. Find the radius
of this circle.
Solution : Let chord AB of length 16 cm
be at a
.'.
18)(24_
lt(Z
4 x 6 x 6 x 9 x 9 :2
A(AABC):108
15 cm long, what
cm, /(CA)
:b:15
18+ 15+ 15
-:T:z+cm
triangles.
:{
:T./:t
'l'he area
of
HDFC
/(HC)
12 cm.
...
Ora"l,
r;
cm
-48 _ nn
x t2 x t2:36"",6
(Formula)
sq cm
A(AHDC) + A(ADFC)
G6^,[3 +36\/E) sq cm
D HDFC :72.,/a sq cm.
:72.,fr
sq cm.
Q. 15. rf the circumference of a circle is 88 cm, find its radius and area.
Solution : The circumference of the circle:8g cm
'fhe circumference of a ctrcle :2nr
... (Formula)
15)
x6 x 9:
sq cm.
If
triangles.
24x6x9x9
Ans.
14.
:24 sqcm.
|l HDFC.
theorem,
cm.
a:lg
a*b*c2
q.
(Subsritutingrhevalues)
and/(AB):c:15cm.
...
:1rx16x3:24sqcm
its area?
Solution : Let in AABC /(BC):
!ABCDisatrapezium.
distance
: nM
(Given)
seg CD,
'f'he lengths
Ans. mLpOe:70o.
BM
AB jl seg CD,
13. Seg
10g sq cm
.'.88:2x!xr
88x7
". 2x22-'
...
.'. r-14cm
The area of a
circle:nr2
:? x
... (Formula)
... (Substituting
x 14
:22 x 2 x 14: 616 sq cm
14
14 cm; The
MISCELLANEOUS'EXERCISE -
Solution
rhe val
i;.,?..,
Xl
area:616 sq cm.
(ii)
ll2
areas.
.'.
radius
<r):t:ry#:63
'.'.' radius
--'----
cm.
Znr,
$:
25
12
300
30
1E0
35
L40
N:30
780
ll_"_:::11i:
780
xxf _
-/$
30
::i*t.:lTr !T:T:
*i1_il:*
-Znr,
=2n(r1_
x!62 "
If
12)
sa1
:44
c;m'
-:*:":2?
:n(rrz _ rz2)
= n(rt * rr)(r, - r")
160
19:
18. The number of runs scored in a match by each player of a cricket
team is given below.
b^\:L-712
:56 Cm'
\'z' 2
Z
orr"
the sum of
N
cm
20
126 cm.
cm.
circle:
:21 I
.'. N-
,'.316*x:30x11
316
316:14
'
_r-
n
25
,
,,
-;=-L
.'.
55
k-5andm:kn
l5
-L
...
.'.
*:j,
5;
VIII IE059il
5
m:-n.
3
yU
NAVNEETMATHEMATICSDIGEST:STANDARDVuI
MISCELLANEOI-IS EXERCISE'-
...
Solution : y o61
x
k
' . v -x
.. x!:k
.'.
12
.'. k -
15
180 and
:4x2-4x2x'-2I
:4x2 8x-2I
Ans. 4r2 -8x-21.
(Given)
x!
:k
.'. ry :
180
- n)3
(4) Qw
Solutions
(l)
(2a
(x+toXr-n)
(3)
(sr.*)'
Ans.
(t)
+3b +3)2
zx3x
(2) (x+
22. Simplify:
(3x +2y +z)2
-1zx -2y -z)2
Ans. (3x -l2y * z)2 - (L\ - 2y - z)2
Ans.
(t is a constant.)
:k
10X"t
(2eq2
:(3OO _ 4)2
:3oo2 -2 x 300 x4+42
:90000
:87616
11)l,r* l0 x ( _ l1)
2400
v*7
(200
5)2
:2002+2xz}ox5+52
:40000 + 2000 +25
16
:4202s
tt)';:L+r
(2) (205)2
Q)
2p+3
p
-S
_7
10
Solutions :
. (,1)'
:27x3
Lns.
*9x*1"-1' x 'Zlx'
27x3+9r+1+-L.
x 27x3'
(4) (2m-n)3
:(2m)3
-3 x(2m)2 xn+3 x2mxn2 -(n)3
:8m3
-lLmzn*6mn2 -n3
Ans. 8zr3 - t2m2n * 6rnn2 - n3.
[,
(1)
v*7
:.:1+Y
-2y: -4
i. 2Y:4 ). Y:2
Ans. y :2 is the solution of
the equation
2o*3
(2t'
" p-5 :
7
10
.'. 1,0(2P+3):7(P-5>
.'. ZOP * 30: 7P -.35
-7p - - 35 .-. l3P: -65
.'. p- -65
.^ :-5
.'.
2Op
30
'IJ
Ans. P
: -5 is the solution of
the equation.
.'.
is "
.r*5
:x*2
+2:x
,'.
73
43
27 is rhe cube of 3.
343 is the cube of 7.
64 is the cube of 4,
729 is the cube of 9.
1331 is the cube of 11.
3375 is the cube of 15.
ur,o
To find the cube of an integer, we take the number three times and find
the product.
e.g., (1) L33':13
x 13 x 13:2797
(z) (-13)3:1 -"t;;; a-';;x
13)
: t'6e x - 13) :
positive
.'.4x*5;*25:gg
.'. 9x - 88 - 25
.'. 9x:63
3'
notebook.
5 x 5 x'5 : 53. Here 5 is the base, 3 is the index (power) and 53 is the
index form.
5 x 5 x 5 :I25.Therefore, 125 is the cube of 5 or 5 cubed.
The,cube of a number is also the third power of the number.
Ans.
I
Ans. The original fraction : I
I
Evaluate the following and write which nurnber is the cube of which
other number :
(l)
(D
(3)
(5) 113 (6) 153.
@) 9'
RoOtS
+7.
.'.2(x+2):x+7
.'.2.x+4:x*7
.'. 2x-x:7 -4
.'. r:3 and.r*5:3*5:g
(3)
(l)6t:6x6x6:216
(2) (-5): :(-5) x (-5) x (-s) : -12s
(3) (- 10;: -(- 10)'x (- 10) x (- 10) : -1000
(4) (lq3 : 14 x 14 x t4:2744
(5) ( - I2)3 : (- 12) x (- lD x ( - 12) : -1728.
-zrst.
Ans.
and"r*5:7*5:12
(-12\3.
3. Perfect Cubes:
The cube of any integer is called a perfect cube. e.g.,
53:125. Here,
4. Cube Roots
27 and,I25 areperfect
:5x5x5x3x9
:5x5x5x3x3x3
:, fu75:5x3:r.5.
(-3)3-
cubes.
...
103
of
125 is
125
125
Q. 1. Write in symbols :
(1) The cube root of 64 is 4: (2) The cube rbot of
1000 is
(3) The cube root of I is r. (4) The cube root- g000 of
is
Ln". e) le4:
(2)
1000
_
I
- 10 (3)
(4) .04ooo: zo.
t/
Solutions
(1)
i/-t -
'
:9x9x9
...
{Tzt:s
Q. 2. Write in words :
@ -sn= -B
@ :/t12s- -s.
Q)
ffi:r
(3)
1,,,
g.
(3) 2744:4x686
:4 x2 x 343
:4x2x7 x49
:2x2x2x7 x7 x7
.'. {zl++:2.x7:14
factor thrice
(3) Take one factor from each of these groups.
(4) The product of these factors is the cube root of the given
For example
3375
ans.
(4) 6859:19 x
!nM:14.
361
=19x19x19
.'. {aast'ts
,...
1*
/-ug-r?:1-?:
t04
VIII
ld
[ndiCeS
(7) a-.
:4x4x256
:4x4x4x64
:4x4x4x4x16
:4x4x4x4x4x4
. 4096 43 x 43 :-@l[s :
__
a@.
Q. 2. Simplify:
(l) 5a x 53
6) 3-4
(1) 4096:4x1024
..
Q)
(2) 78 -73
('
47o
G)
(;)"
",
Ans.
(1)
54
53:
54+3
(;)'
oo)
[(;)']'
I
-e-n--3o
57
16a
(2\ 4913:I7 x l7 x
(3)
17
:4 x 1458
:4 x2 x729
:2x2x2x9x8l
:2x2x2x9x9x9
:. stzz --z-t* gr : 12 9t' :
5832
><
l. Fractional Index :
49J means square root of
lg.
1g.
:13 x 13 x 13
_2197:(_13)3
.'.2t97:t33
Ans. The number (- 2lg7) is the cube of the number ( l3).
-
49.
(4) -2197.
2197
:(;I'':(;)''
(s)
u@ or 491.
64.
1
u"
{U
or
641.
(23)s
Ans.
111*1
(1)
184
x 18s: 18a
Ans.
5+4
18 20
(5)xt Lxto-x7
1_1 s-3
:73 s :7 Is
2
:1820
r11
(6) (xY)t -*i
1_ I
to
to-1
nt5
_1 11
(4) (9 x 5)o :90 , 56
11
t
11
(3) (4t)n :1412" s - 4rc
(2) 73 -75
*Yi
_ - 70 :y7O
-L
11
t t
Q.
-t 2. Evaluate:
(t)
42 .
I1"
125'
(6) 10003 Q) 22st
Ans.
Q)
la
-1
(S) 5123
-,rt:2
(a) 15r-
(t
(6) loooi =
(7) zWi
(s) 51?5:
-L
11L
,fiooo: lo
:1B:15
if :1
(9)
100t: .u/i6: t0
3. Rules of indiees
-.-----^_--_-
-1
(4)
Q) qt
(2) t25i = {6:5
(3) l?:.16:1
1111
(9) p2 x p;:pt+t:p
11L
(11) (7 x 9)s: 7E x9E
1111
(13) xE i x-l:xE-i
3
11*8
_- 88 _-88
_1
tt 11 (5) 1002
(9) @2 (tu) 646
_1
(3)
{fr,:g
&ir:
(10) 646
rffi:t
: ffi:2
Q. Simplify:
11rl
(1) 18a x lgs
(6)
(tt)
(rv)'
_7s
e)
' 't 7i
t
gi;i
(zy
11
(7 x 9); (12)
(3)
_1 _t
(r42)e
-1 -l
(E) (ms1t
l1
lffi)
l1
(9)
pi x pl
(Io) mi x
1r
(14) x2
+r2
(15) (13+15)
11
0 glrz:rt" z:rE
(8)
11
@tf :ma"i:mt
lllt2
(10)
*1 * *1 :*1*
(t2)
(mn)n
(14)
1 I 11
x2+x2:.xz 2-xo:l
_t_ll
:rnv
:mj
x nP
Construction of Quadrilaterals
CONSTRUCTION OF QUADRILATERALS
should be given.
Construction
Q; Construct
point G.l
Steps
of Construction
2.5 cm
Rough figure
Ans.
DEFG show_
(u
q'/
Rough figure
108
:7 cm, /(DG) :
cm respectively.
Explanation : n ABCD is a rhombus. Therefore, all its four sides are
congruent.
Diagonal
Ans.
cm.
110
a. 3. ln parallelogram
,(PQ) :3.5
vItr
CONSTRUCTION'OX' QUADRILATEMI"S
PQRS,
cm, ,(QR)
:4.5
cm, ,(PR)
:6.5
cm.
Expl4nation : The opposite sides of a parallelogram are congruent.
.'. /(PO: /GS):3.5 cm and /(QR): /(PS):4.5 cm.
/(PR):6.5 cm
:5
cm, t@G)
:8
z's
cm, t(LD)
:5
cm.
Ans.
/"F
,U)
5.5 cm
Rough figure
4.5 cm
Rough figure
'
4.5 cm
[Note : ParallelogramPQRs can a]so be constructed by constructing A
and APSR with common base seg pR.l
Construction 2
Q.
Construct
,(AC)
:4
Steps of Construction
:3
cr& l(BC)
Z.S cm,
: 3.5
In n GOLD' /(OD):16
,(GD):4 cm, /(GL) :6 cltt,
cm.
2.
-s
the i
B 2.5cm
an arc.
t(CD)
:4
cm,
previous
Rough figure
n:t:
cm, /(OL)
,'l
:7.5
crlr
ttz
Q. 3.
In n PLAY,
,(PA):8.5
cm,
/(PL)
:4.5
t(Ly):7.5
cmo
,(LA)
:6.5
cm, /(py)
113
CONSTRUCTION OF QUADRILATERALS
.i!49n,::::--,:
S.S
:,r:.r.,riiist:rri:lr,r,,,rrr,ri,rr,,f.!i :
,rffilUSgIW$4;
cm.
Ans.
rl
4.5 cm
4.5 cm
Construction 3
Q.2.
mLT:ll0"rmLS:70".
NS
of n ABCD
M4cmT
Rough figure
ZABN:60o.
(4) With B
as a centre and
4cm
a. 3.
in point C.
mLY:95", mLZ:85".
ray AM
making
IBAM:70o.
(6) At the point C, draw
IBCD:
n 4PCD
5.4 cm
AM in point D.
85"
95'
70"
5.5 crn
Rough figure
ltf
NAVITTEET.
MATTEMATICS DIGEST
:.
STANDARD
VIII
.'. mLW:110o.
'-Ans.
CONSTRUCTION OF QUADRII"ATERALS
mLY:60o, mLR:120".
5cm
Construction 4
mLB:75, mLC:85o.
Steps of Construcjion
,(BC)
(2) ltthe
5cm
Rough figure
Q.
cm.'
of
BC
2.
mLN:75", rnLI:115o.
cm, /(NG)=S
cm,
1:
il
is
b'/
ively.
(3) With
Ans.
5.5 cm
quadrilateral.
4;5 cm
,/(DT)-4
em,
/(TG):l
cnr
2. Intercepted arc
/NDS
ILMT
and
ZLNT
Semicircular arcs : arc SZD, mc SYD, arc T)OI and arc TZN.
Central angle :
arc
NZS.
angles
VIII
is
:350
PZT): 360o -
m (major
:360
160o.
- 160:200o
rn
.'. zLCON:100o
mtTON:nLPOC
.'. zLTON:80o
1oo
...(2)
... (Vertically opposite angles)
... lFrom (1)]
... (Vertically opposite angles)
... [From (2)]
:::3_;,.''":ril*ff,fri"'arc
ryN)
360o
360'
[From (5)]
:280o.
major arc.
Solution : The measure of a minor arc is equal to the measure of
:260".
arc rwN)
arc )
m(major
... (s)
... (6)
... (7)
... (8)
:280o.
* z(corresponding
ttg
l,
p.trffi
(rextbook page
u2)
12fr
yIIr
.'.
mLApB
:|
m(rc AXB)
:jx180'
...
[From (1)]
.'. zLAPB:90"
...
(2)
...
(3)
arc LMN.
zLAPB:55o.
.'. zLAOB:m(arcAXB)
mLAOg:110o ... m(arc AXB):116o.
aLAPB:l
l-ApB
Solution
L of n BSNL
are on the
circle.
Such a quadrilateral is called a cyclic quadrilateral.
m@rc AXB).
40o)
of
... mLpAB:)m@rcpyB)
.'. 40o : ! m@rc PYB) ... (Given : nLPAB:
.'. 40o x2:m(arcPYB)
.'. m(arc PYB) :39'.
[A quadrilateral is
said to be cyclic,
.'. in cyclic
quadrilateral BSNL,
mLB + mLN
180o and
mLS + mLL
180".
(3) m(arc
VIII
ll5)
A joint bar graph makes comparison of two kinds of information easier.
You have studied this in previous standard.
lOSo .
t,
(Given :
":L::
mLC:105o)
.',:,::.$1L:
tQ
Male
t0
60
80
70
Female
50
55
50
40
VillA'gq:
lgoo
l,
.,.,
Solution:
quadrilateral
supplementary.
.'. r+3x:180o
.'. 4x:180o
lg0"
4
x:45o
3x:3 x 45o:
,'.'
135"
Steps
(l)
I24
VIII
(2) Take the villages on the X-axis and the number of workers on
Y-axis.
(5) Show males and females in each of the four villages using a
j cm from each of the joint bar of 1 cm width.
(6) Show the heights of each bar as per the scale taken for the y(7) Draw joint bar graph in this way for each of the villages.
(8) To show the two bars in the joint bar graph separately, colour
shade) the female's bar.
di3B,d!,,1 lrextnook
pages
tt9 &
120)
sl&d
,,11:;:.:lL:.\{:
,.YT$T
,40
30
45
40
Girls
20
30
t5
15
?Xlr
Boyi
Ans.
VT
I cm:
Teak
30
Mango
25
Ans.
,,lC'.
ri,D
25
25
20
25
10
I cfil:5
126
NAVNEETMATHEMATICSDIGEST:STANDARDvm
Pimpa!gaop
Lirnbgaon,,
a joint
Women
150
200
100
50
Men
200
100
200
350
cm:50
t27
r.,$onake'r
Literate
500
550
600
450
Illiterate
150
150
200
100
.,,.,.,,Neiiarirl
Ans.
l[the scale of 1 cm :
COMPOUI{D INTEREST
tr
1.. Revision :
: PxRxN
100
:
Here, I simple interest; p:
(i)
(I)
30000
100
A=p* I
R: rate; N:
A:P*I
principal;
Interest
number
:Rs
Rs (125000 + 30000)
155000
of
PxRxN
150000x10x3 :Rs
45000
100
Rs L'95'000.
I:3630;
:L#9
Ans. Principal
PxRxN
R:10
p.c.p.a.;
9000x10x3
100
A: P * I:
Rs (9000 +
(2) Here,
l_
P:Rs
15,000;
PxRxN
100
N:3
Rs 2700
p.c.p.a.;
15000x11x2 :
100
N:2
A: P * I:
100
Rs L8,300.
lgooo
+ 18000): Rs 68000
Ans. Simple interest (I): Rs 18'000; amount: Rs 68,000.
Rs (50000
... p
-19##
Rs nooo
Rs 11,000.
"'
PxRxN
100
.'. 10000 -
Px10xN
.'. PxN:100000
100
Then. N
4 years
VtrI tE059il
-tl
x 100
:to
R- 13500
45goox3
Q. 4. What sum of money will have to be invested and for how many
years, in order to get simple interest of Rs 101000 at the rate of
10 p.c.p.a. ? (Write three pairs of values for P and N.)
Solution :
Here, I : Rs 10,000; R: 10 p.c.p.a.
years
Rs 3300
-r\r
:U,o-
P:?
Rs L1,700.
100
years;
. r" r-P
3630
100
R:11
...
11p.c.p.a.,N:3
years
2700): Rs 11700
R:
'
I}
VIII
OMPOT]ND INTEREST
' N:gg:5
20000
Then,
Solution
10000
The interest of the first year is added to the principal and the
is taken as the principal for the second year. The interest for the
year is added to the principal of that year and the amount
principal for the third year. Interest charged in this way is
compound interest.
(ii)
r(r + r*ai A:
Compound interest
amount
principal
l0
N:
p.c.p.a.;
years
(i) A:
R:
/
R\N
/ 10\2I
A:Pl1+-l:800011+
\ 100/
1 100/
/ I \2: 8000 /ll\2 :
lt t 11 :
: 8000(t
8000 *
*m/
(r-J
"
r- 10r Rs 9680
Compound interest - A - P : Rs (9680 - 8000) : Rs 1680
2. Compound interest
years
131
\
roo/
'---/
/g\2 :6400
*r/1\2:6400 " (',/
I s' 8 :Rs 8100
Compound interest - A - P: Rs (8100 - 6400) : Rs 1700
:6400 ('t
(3) Here,
R:
= Rs 10,000;
/
o:r(1+
R\N :
*mi
10 p.c.p.a.;
N:2
Compound interest
(r/
years
10\2
* _,,l
100/
/ I \2: 10000 /rr\2 :
10000lt
10000lt
p.
roo
10000 x
- P: Rs (12100 -
R:
10 p.c.p.a.;
/
R\N:1s000(\1
/
A:P(1+
*
100/
:15ooo
(t.r1)':
N:3
15000
Rs 2100
Rs 2100.
years
10\3
*,)
r5ooo (r11)'
11 11t 11
Rs 19965
t0 " tO tO-:
Compound interest - A - P: Rs (19965 :
10-:Rs
f0-
10000)
11* ll
Ans. Amount: Rs
15000)
Rs 4965
Rs 4965.
12100
(5) Here,
P: Rs 20,000; R:5
p.c.p.a.i N
YIII
COMPOT]ND INTEREST
3 years
\'
:2oooo
:2oooo
(t . r1)':2oooo
(#)'
= Rs (23152.50- 20000)
: e(r .#). :
16ooo
(t . *)'
: r6ooo .;
X:
l}ip.c.p.a.;
l6ooo(t
16000
N:
= Rs 3I
3 years
.ff)'
- p:
Rs (227g1,25
16000)
Rs 67g
: e(r .*)^ :
soooo(r
N:
#)'
R:
12ooo(t
.#)':
:4ooo(r *rr-1;':4ooo (t
/2t\3
21 21
years
.*)'
21
set,
the amount that Attaf must pay back to the bank at the end of
Solution : Here,
Rs 12,000;
l0 p.c.p.a.; N 2 years
e:r(r .*I:
N:3
P:
p.c.p.a.;
\2s/
2 yens
n:r(r .*)
P: Rs 4000; R:5
(;)'
'; f : *. zz7lt.2s
-
Solution : Here,
:4ooo
Compound interest
,I: *. t4szo
Ans. Altaf will have to pay Rs l4r520to the bank at the end of the period.
2I
Compound interesr
" ,L '
133
12ooo
(r
2 yea
.*"fr
I
".. Iffffi**rtok "--" ;]",T
*6**
W"'"f "-*1,_S*
'**.j [ ,-}ru* T,e#ffii
'" f
(1)
3000
(2)
1000
10
.*)'
(3)
25,000
T2
(4)
64,000
12+
-')
(s)
20,000
10.5
i]]1lllliilllll illlll'l
l,r,i;i
W.
ffi
I34
Solution
(l)
VIII
COMPOI,JI\D INTEREST
years
-lbo--:
: r(r .
3ooo
#I
= 3ooo(1
e!\':
\20/
*)'
--p
Rs (3307.50
(2) Here,
P: Rs 1000; R:
sooo(r
*)'
*, 33o7.so
rtj,.*#:
20" 20
3ooo
Compound interest: A
:2
Rs 307.50
300)
(5) flere,
Rs 7
years
Rs 200
:r(r .
#). : looo(t .#)' : rooo(r .*)'
: looo (i*)': rooo,.1;,. jj:*, ,r,o
Compoundinterest:A-p
Rs (1210
,t : PxRxN
-100-:
a
Rs (2lO -200)
12 p.c.p.a.;
N:3
:2sooo
f3)':25ooo
25000(t
Compound interest
Rs 10.
P:
Rs 20,000;
R:
10.5 p.c.p.a.;
N:2
Rs 3125.
years
PxRxN 20000x10.5x2
Rs 4200
- 100 : -- 100
-:
e : r(r .
20000(r .
=
*).
H)' : 20000 (r.ros),
t- :
Rs (442O.5O
Rs 4420.50
4200)
= Rs 220.50
for the same period and the same rate at compound interest, how
#)'
90(x)
25000
(, .
*)'
Rs (35123.20_ 25000)
Rs
(t:-rl:320_
Rs 112fr.20.
o:t(l
loo/
:6r
9000)
(l.09)3
)oo
)00 (l'09)3
loo/
Compound.interest
Rs 10123.20
Difference berween C.I. and S.L
Rs 2?t,l2S
years
: Rt 35123'20
^']25*425*?s
25
- p:
Solution : Here,
--100 -:'Rs
*I
sttzs
Rs 210
25000x12x3
-r(,r .
\25
'
R:
1000)
:64ooo
('.*)'
-24000):
Rs (307.50
10 p.c.p.a.; N
,_P*RxN 1000xl0x2 :
.100
100
3000)
- P:
(7770I.74
60000)
Rs (17701.74
Rs
17701.74
16200)
Rs 1501.74
136
VIII
COMPOUND INTEREST
Period
(N):2
years.
" l:75oool/ t+
:P{/ 1+ R\N
\
r00/
:75000 I/ t
\2
- 4\2
'l
100/
/24\2
24
24
Rs 69120
Compound inreresr
A_p
Rs I2375
lot--:Rs
12000
Rs (10g375 _ 96000)
100
R\N
/
:Pl1+-l:
:
:
100/
2oooooooo
/
2\3
/
200000000(1*roo-) :200000000 (t
:2oooooooo * 1, 1 r 1
f1)'
s0 50 s0
\sol
x 51 x 51 :Rs 212241600
Ans. The sale of cloth after 3 years :Rs
1600 x 51
lry.--]P
ryg_*l
:{
211221411600.
:r(t *r*-)
* * )
*)
/, -1\'
\ 40l
39x 39x-39
/39\3
:400000x1I :400000x
40 40 40
\40l
: Rs 370743.75
:400000
l\3
+r-)
tr
POLYNOMIALS
1. Re'
* _or,o*i,
! -2
m
binomials
(8) st.
-n*5;
the power
- I of the variable ru
is not a polynomial.
(t) zt'tu+a2
- -2, i:7m-'.
is negative.
2.
(9) t:
17
(7) 35+x3-
7x.
n3
2^
sl
-*1 @ + ($
n-:
t2*$.
(7)
(s) s- sb2 +b4 (s)
ia3 -7a+te
Ans. (1), (2), (4), (6), (7), (8) and (9) are polynomials.
{o)
8y..
Q)
2. Polynomials:
If the index of every variable in
an expression is a whore
number, then
expression is a polynomal.
For example, gxz + 5x 9
* irs a polynomial
y'+y -5
!i)
and
(ii)
m2
+m-t +13
a whore
urv ruue^
-_negative
---i------
----
_
of m
- rt or
to
Ans.(l)
rrrru.
\r.,
ll
I:
nomials or not
(r)
b2
-2s
:
1
e) yt * t8 _ 5y
Ans.
(l)
In rhe expression
b2
number.
.'.
,r,
b2
expressions are
_25,
1-2.
25 is a polynomial.
1
fr}:
whole :y::j""
number.
.'.
-1
y2
18
5y is not 4.polynomial.
erq
pqlyngll-xqlql
@)
a3*r"*l
1i
x1i
I
ro/,'l
p-'
3*'+1,
J4
,Zrt13 (2) -, (:) *'+t*t-i
+.sl
Ans. (1)
-- -
tsl
(l)-
--' a,l'ilffi
vv
:j:1,:",ii.":.;:tl
(i.e. not a whole number).
""rn*.
is nor
[Not" '
L
!2 ?t --rl11
(2) y2 *y-7
qe le!
G)
Z&+3
(4) mi _m-2 +7
pely_teqi3-ls.:
3. Classification of Polynomials :
(1) Monomial : A polynomial having only one term is called a monomial e.g., 5x;37; - J5*.
(2) Binomials : A polynomial having two terms is called a binomial.
e.g.3x*5;
-|f -t;t+n.
a trinominl.
in a given
I4O
Coefficient of a monomial :
of
The coefficient
(3)
29 itself
is
monomial
(I) l3m2
B Q) -'lx
is
is
29.
(Textbook page 134
& 135)
monomials:
(D 23x3 (2) 13
$\-6n5
fcl
fr
(6) -ton2
(s)
(e)
(11)
15s3
(t1
-!t+
1y
48
(14)
(s) a2 ,;
(10)
5
-t7p
(1s)
Ans.
(1)
23x3
23
(2)
18
18
6ms
-6
(3)
l1
(4)
5"
(s)
(6)
a2
l0n2
11
-=
5
2
2
Q)
-13
9
(8)
4y
9'
39m
(e) 0
-10
-13
7q"'
trtr
1. Revision
Q.
1.
(2)
15 per
fr:
(4) g5Eo:2
100
(6)
20Vo
of 25000
cent:lS%o. e)
25000,
ffi
:*
100
Then, discou
xfr:ZO
Its selling
6Vo
l2Vo on Rs x
price:
Rs
x*
::n,
100
3.
25
* discount
marked price
set.
/ 3x\l:Rsl/25x-3x\l:Rs-22x
-Rsl
-^" \^ 25l-""
\ zs )-"" zs
But the selling price is given to be Rs 7480
3000
Q) 3Vo
of 100: 100.:
of 100
(3\ 6To
of I
:.
2bc
:748O
" ^-
7480 x 25
Rs 8500
22
25
Ans. The marked price of the TV set: Rs 8500.
3:60.
100
" loo:3'
6
11450:11'-+)U x
-:687.
@) 6aEo of 1610: 1610
I ffi: 9cO.
(3)
nl
sOOO
64per cent
(2)
:
:
of
:Rs
2. Discount:
Percentage
(47500
of discount:
-43700):Rs
#ffi
3800
r too
\/
38oo
- 47500 x loo:8
Ans. The shopkeeper gave YVo discount.
_,,
Q. 4. A shopkeeper
.'.
discount:rrA:g:nr3.
100 100 "" 25 ,/
Selling
price:
marked price
/ 2x\
:ns (x-
discount
/25x -2x\
23x
(
rs):n' x,,l:*t rt
144
23x
:'
.'.
25:460
VIII
x:+eOxfi:20x25:500
Q. 5.
.'.
given in
3x
3x:20x-2720
"'
2Ox-3x:2720 .:
.'. ^:x-136
.'.
Selling price
Rs 30
Rs (250
30)
dlt"?"nt
234
1560
x 1oo:
marked price
-234):
too
15
.'.
discount : l57o
discount
Rs 1326.
Rs 24.
marked price
Rs (1560
i00-:
selling price
discount:
Rs (160 - 136) :
(5) Percenrage of
Solution :
(1) Discount: marked price x percentage
of discount
t2
:23U
Rs 160
.'.
x:
L7x:2720
Rs 220.
expressed as a percentage.
:4800
.'.
selling price
,oo:
Rs 2gg
-marKed pnce ;
180
:1g00
x 100:
selling price
169
10
...
discount
_ discount
:Rs (1800- 1S0):Rs 1620.
marked price
;*
#;:
:lTVo
3 100
'
x 63500 "
3 x 63500
. ?__
100
100
x
r
..
x:
x:3
x 63500
lg05
R,
ff
was
iisgglnt-
.'.
air.ount
146
VIII
2150,000 through
. 2.5:_
.
,.
&-
100
250000
Rs
xx
h:Rs #
R'('-#):*'(+#):*.#
49x
2,5 x 250000
Commission is
It is given that
:17150
"' 50
Ans. The selling price of two-wheeler : Rs 17,500.
100
fns.
Rs 130.
Rs -r commission on Rs 100
l0
:18
Th"rr.
'22500
x
.'. x:18
", # : *r rr1
.'. amount including commission : R. (,.
:
#)
\
The amount given is Rs 303000
...
commission
Rs
x 22500
100
.'.
100 x
x:
18
225O0
.'. r:4050
lOIx
303000 x 100
:303000
_ ,c0000
.r':
100
101 - J\
Ans. The original price of the jeep : Rs 3,00,000.
loo
Th"n.
'324ffi:
.'. x:10
.r.
lo
x
x 32400
100
.'.
100
x.r:
10
x 32400
.'. x:3240
vru
Rs 3780 x
)<
7:
100
Rs 94.50
(4) Total
Solution :
(1) Total sale price of fenugreek
:rate x no. of bundles
Rs 2000
3:
" r00
Rs 40
Q) Total
:
:
sale price
of grapes
Rs 8400
x;l:
100
Rs 2S2
sale price
of wheat
rate x quintals of wheat
Rs 850 x 30: Rs 2Sr500
Total commission at 1.52o
: total sale price x rate of commission
:
:
Rs 25500
* E:
100
Rs 3g2.50
(5) Total
:
:
Rs 23200 x
,05:
Rs 928
trtr
1. Cylinder
.'.2512:3.14x12xIZ.5
a,
the
,'.
.'. r:8
2. Volume of a cylinder
The volume of a
cylinder:
,h"
"f
area
curved_
surFace
as the
Solution : Here,
Cylinder
";h;;.
h:
V_
what
Solution : Here,
d:
cyrn#3l;[:T
14 cm
\/_o
.'.
I 54000
cm:ffi:154
litre
14cm
: 7 cm; h: l7
132 x7
." r:2"n:2lcm
The volume of a cylinder : nr2lt
:! x2t x2t x25
:34650 cu cm
Ans. The volume of the cylinder:34r650 cu cm.
Q. 6. what is the volume of iron required to make a 70 cm long rod of
diameter 2.1cm?
cu cm
I2.5 c{ni
nr21
litres
: ZrEr
^ 22
tJz:zx
... 1.^
7 xr
"-
cm: I
--
-1:#
:2618
nr2h
:?r35x35x40
:154000 cu cm
Now, 1000 cu
154000 cu
cm
Circumference
: nr2h
22
:7x
/x7x17
Ans.
"-.
22
:7x5x5x2l
T: ::1g
cm; d
nr2h
its volume ?
Solution : Here, r:5 cm; h:21cm;
The volume (V) of a cylinder :
nr2h
or tne
h:40
nr2 x
cylinder: g cm.
Ans.
2512
_-:64
3.14 x 12.5
cm
Ans. The radius of the base of the
surface area.
. ::-
7"
r:
:2.1
cm;
... r:i:T:1.05
cm;
:?*1.05x1.05x70
*ii13'ljff*
the rod.
152
VIII
'- (n:3.14,
:3.14 x 40 x 40 x
1000 cu
.'.
cm:
176 x7
.'. 176:2nr .'. 176:2 x T x r .'. r: x22 :28
2
The total surface area of a cylinder :2nr (h * r)
:2x 22_ x28(100+28)
g0
:401920 cu cm
1
litre
4olg2ocu cm
-=4or92o
:401.92 litres
1000
22
-2x-x28xI28
7
:22528
Q. 8. The radius of the
... 1100:?*5x5xh
- 1100x7
.'. h::=---=-_:
zzxJx5
.'.
:2x3.I4x5x15:471
.'.8448:2x+x28(h+28)
.'. 8448 : r76(h + 28)
8448
.'. h+28:,=-
t76
.'. h+28:48
sqcm
:;:,
sq cm
14 cm
cm
cm
what is the
m; r : 25 cm :2
^:! 21004
^:
I54
NAYIYEET MATTftMATICS
DIGEST : STAITIDARD
VIII
:2nrh:z
:,f,i.i,tl
*?7 r!4"*!
:t
11
to
:
:
l0
such
columns:10
x#:55
sq
Rs 15.50 x 55
Q' 6'
cylinder.
Solution ; Here, total surface area :
2464 sq cm, h:r
The total surface area ofa cylinder :2nr
(h*r)
: x (Say)
.'.
x:2x7:14
,
... x':
56x7
2 :28x7:4x7x7
r-
x area of the
:1l^nrzh.
base x height
_
... t-2_924x3x7
-7x7
- nrn
.'. r:7cm
.'.
4. Cone:
curved surface.
In the figure, seg OA (ft) is the height,
seg AP (r) is radius of the
base and
seg OP (/) is the slant height
of rhe cone.
There is a right angle between
t}lLe
cu cm
. Z"n:xx2x
2x2
x9 x9 x7 :594
2. If
Rs 852.50
.'.
,I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I 22
.'.462::X-=-xr'x9
3 7
.'. r2:'7 x7
.'. r:7
462x3x7
.'. 22x9 :rzI
cm
156
NAVNEET
tUArfrnUlrrCs
d28
... r:r:T:14
cm;
h:?, r:?
:22 x 16:352
9856
nrzh
x3x7
:196 *2304:2599
(n:3.74)
Solution : Here, r :9 cmi h: 40 cm; S" : ? S, :
12:r2 +h2
... (Formula)
the values)
50 cm
:4g
:50
:92 +402
cm.
r:
(zc
5 cm;
h:
gl IP 11{ :gTg
tu
a cone: TErl
:
191_g.t.1 !on"
nr (t
* r)
/:
]!lcurveo
10
surrace area or
1600: 1691:
(41)2
4't cm
cone:nrl
:3.14 x 9 x 41.: 1158.66 sq cm
:
area of a cone nr (l I r) :3.14 x 9 (41 + 9)
:3.14 x 9 x 50 :'141,3 sq cm
:t
.'. l:26
*:-";':;3;1'.'n "'
(ii)
the values)
Sllution : Here, I :9
(i)
." t-
u."ut---'
cflli l": Z
".;nrl"i"
The curved surface area of
a cone:
Ans.
g1
12 cm
:!
sq cm
Ans. (i) The curved surface arcii:198 sq cm. (ii) The total surface
area:352 sq cm.
!
...9856:I"?xt4x14xh
cm; r
The curved surface area
rea
of
:7
cm; S"
?; S,
= ,lri*\'x
:; 22 x 7(9 +7)
9:
198 sq cm
158
16
VIII
r:
area:
rr3.04 sq cm
.1x
:
3.,14x30 x 30 x 30
13040 cu cm
.'. 113.04:3.l4xrx12
.
..;-:
113.04
3.14 x tZ -icm
Ans. The radius of the base,:3 cm.
Solution : Here, V
h:24
cm;
r:7 ci
..
. .J"
,il::
"-
6. Sphere:
Fon4ula : The volume of a sphere
:!
nr3
nr3
-?.7000
r: Jtrw:30
cm
x7 xzs
cone:lttl
22
36000 x
:;
:!
r:
...
!'. 12:rz+h2
... (Formula)
. :J2 qc4z
(Substituting the values)
:49 * 576 :625 :252
.'. l-25 cm
The curved surface area of &
360002,
Q' 7'
Solution : Here,
.'.
sq
s:27 ,! nrt
.J
...
(1)
...
(2)
AA
nRt
:27 x
.'. Rt :2713
.'.
nR3
,nr3
... [Cancelli;^r1"from both the sides]
:3r
:3r.
160
Formula: The
' 12^:
:4nr2.
x7
4 x22
616
.'
.r2
(l) r : I sm
(4) r:2.8 cm
Solution :
(1) Here,
r:7
(3) Here,
r:
10 cm
The surface area
ofa
:4nr2
'
:4nrz:4
cm
(4) Here,
r:2.8
: 1386 sq
"r,n"lolJ,j:il:;; :H
sphere
x 3.14 x 10 x 10: I
cm
15lo
:!33
cu cm
x 3.r+x 5 x 5 5 :
"
Ans. The volume of the sphere
Solution : Here,
d18
7:-:--9
'22
9.8 m
:4ftr2
cu cm.
d:
:3.I4)
18 cm
Cm
?x
: 1207.36 sq m.
"
Ans. The surface area of the sphere
r:42 m
The surface area of a sphere
3t4
4 x 3.14
:!"f
cm.
r:
rZ:-:)5
(5) Here,
z:3.14)
.'
*""
cm.
=7
Zl+l
cm
cm
9.g x 9.g
-anr-
1207.36 sq
:!x3.Iax9x9x9
(6) Here,
:3052.08 cu cm
:4ftr2
:4nr2
4 x.3.14 x 9 x 9 : 1017.36 sq cm
Ans. The volume of air in the balloon:3052.08 cu cm;
.'.616:4x?xr,
6/I.,lavneet Mathematics Digest : Std.
VIII lE059fl
,E
DIVISION OF POLYNOMIALS
I5m3
2bs
oriil*
,oil'btanks
(l)
(4)
+b2:2b3
+n2 e)
36x5 +4x3 (S)
Ana
Ans.
(l)
4na
.',43:5x8*3
'.'
15,m3
2b5 :
28xa
--,- -
:5m x 3m2l
b2 x 2b3l
=7x2
9-v--'.:
+l3m
4M2 -(-104)
5?nt3
-n2:4n2
2yx5y-10y,
...
28xa+(-7xz):-&2
- 8yt * (-yt) :8J'
Q. 2. Divide:
m2
'.'
+5m:3m2
1-
4xz)l
:rl $r1
(3) 20c2:l5c
(6) (-33ya)+(-11y).
(2) 52m3
-l3m:4rnz
(4) 36x5
- 4x3 :9x2
(6) (-33yo)+(-11y):3J3.
.:
-h
Q. 3. Write five different pairs of dividends and divisors such that the
quotient in each case is 2r.
Solution : The degree ofthe quotient 2; is 1.
.'. the degree of the dividend must be 2 or more than 2 whole number.
x9tn2:9m4
Also, the degree of the divisor must be less than that of the dividend by
Five different pairs of dividend and divisor :
35-15
wtichpolynomial
+7x2:5x3
Ex. 1.
(27ms
9m3
-9mt)-3mz
-3m
z*tlfi*t -gr;
(1) 21b +7
-3b
(2) Z6Oz' , 6p:6p
(3) 5a3+a3-S
(4) -30n2
-3n:
,
-l0n
.''
t"'.'
x 3bl
36p2 :6p x 6pl
5a3:s3y51
t... -30n2:3nx(-l0z)l
I
27m5
2lb:7
-9m3
-9m3
+,
0
Explanation :
Divide 27ms by 3m2.
27m5 :3m2 x 9m3
(-3m):
-gm3
l.
164
vrn
DTVISION OF'POLYNOMIALS
(4)
2y
(s)
y2)2y3 +5y2
8a3
0 *5y2
0 -12a2
_5yt
-+ I2a2
br:i
the division
+5
Remainder:0
(7')
3bs:3b3 xb2
3rlros -76t
3bs
0 -7b3
.'. 3b5:3b3:h2
-7b3 :ZO3 x 1-!1
-7b3 :3b3 : _ z3
b2
(4) 2y3 +
(7) 24ma
Ans.
(1)
Syt;
t'
-16m2;
n)n2
(2)
gn
(2)
+3
_n2
0 +3
Quotient: z
Remainder:3
p'-6;
p
(5) 8d3
-1h3; taz
(g) 24ma _16m2; gmz.
lF=
p?
0 -6
Quotient:p
Remainder
(3) 3r,
- -6
- tSr;
+t
(6) l8,b4
(S)
3m2
wtlz+rrf
r6m2
15,
- 15.r
- 15x
+
0
Quotient:.r - 5
Remainder: 0
+Tt
-2
-to*t
24ma
-16m2
+
0
Quotient:3m2
Remainder:0
Quotient:3m3 -2m
Remainder:0
-2
Q. 3. Divide:
(l)
.- Ans.
(3) x-5
Z*)-U' ^)
5X-
Remainder:0
Rernainder =.0
-1,6m2
- !6m2
*3;
Quotient:90'
O -16m2
Q' 2' Divide the binomiat by the monomiar. write the quotient
and
remainder
n2
24ma
-l; Remainder:0
... 3bs _76s : (3b3) x (b2 _ll + fOi.
Quotient
o + 13b3
_ l3b3
Quotient:4a-6
-2m
Bm)24m4
=7b3
+
-:-
(l)
3m3
+ r3b3
Quotient :2y
2b2)t8b4
tgb4
2yu
0 *.r
(6) su'z+|u
4a-6
2a ,$at _tn,
*5
(2) 3c -7
(1) 3p'-2
qpltzpt
-sp
]zP'
o -8p
3c)9c2
+4
7x)7x3 +28x
-zrc
x2
7x3
2"'
-8p
+
Quotient:3p2
Remainder:0
(3)
7*
0 *28x
-2lc
-2lc
+
28x
0
-2
Quotient:k
-7
Remainder:0
=xz +4
Remainder:0
Quotient
NAVNEET MATIffiMA"ICSDIGEST
: STANDARD VUI
(4)
y2
-5
v'zlf -iuz
(5) 4b'-4
3b2)72b4
_12b4
Quotient:y2 -S
Remainder:0
3a'+ t
^i-..a')3a'+a3
i
i-
Ja-
i
ia3
i-
o +a3
jo
Quotient
ro
-762
0 _7b2
--r 7b2
- 5v'
(7)
j
i
:4h2
IlL : JJ_
-z3r :: \<uurrt
Quotient:3a2+
- :.
Remainder:
d
i
Remainder:0
6p, + 5p
3pofitp,
-L8p'
'rfi;
llv'
y2) ttya
rryo
8m6
- llpt
0
-20ma
-r
-20m4
.0
Quotient:nt
Remainder:0
(6) a2 -2
no'lnFTzsa'
4y
13aa
-4v
Quotient
: tly2i
Remainder: -4y
.'. IIy4 - 4y
:y2 (ltyz\ + (- 4y)
(7)
+15p5
DrVISION OF P'OLYNOMIALS
I5y2
yu) r5y8
15yt
+10
Quotient
15yt
.'.
13aa
3m)27m5 -16m2
27ms
0 *t6m2
10y6
:+
loyu
l6m2
I5y2'1!O,;
Remainder=0
.'.
(8)
* 1oy6
-lm
-26a2
:26a2
+
Quotient :9ma
Remainder = 0
i.
10y6
y6(l$y2 + lo) + o
-**,
27rns -I6m2
:3m(9ma -* m)+0
(1) 8n* 10
n'zltFl1fr
8n3
+lon2
*10n2
m-I
mt@ -,nt
!'
0 -m2
-r
-m2
'(Te*book
piiBe 161)
(1)
m2
@ n-6
2"fr *tz"az
+m+I
ml#lvrza*
2n2
m3
+m2+m
m2
O +m
0+8
Quotient:n -6
Remainder:8
_m
0
Quotient:m2 +m
Remainder:0
-l2n*8
:+ lLn
+l
t68
a-5
(3)
(4)
s"W:rso+i
3b2
4b) t2b3
Ja'
p2
p'zV:6+s
tol
Solution: x * 3
x+4)x2 *7x*12
x2 +4x
-21x2 +6
i;
Quotient:x2 -3
Remainder:6
x3
x2);
x2-x+l
x2l7;+7
_6y'
0 - 18y*7
)c4
- -+ 18v
t+?
Ans. x2 *7x
t2
xt
remainder.
(1)
x-4
*-317:48
)^
x--5x
-+
-4x *
-*'+*t
_x3
+
o +x2
,
(x + 4)(x+ 3) + 0.
Ans.
(xa
+ 3; Remainder = 0
=21x2
+
Q)
0 -21x2 +6
-?,e+g
-t}y +l
-- -3
o -zP +g
2v-6
3x*12
3x*12
7xa
-l$y +7;3y
Explanation:
Divide x2 in the dividend by x in the divisor.
We get x. (-r + 4) x x: x2 + 4x. Subtract this
x2
7x2)7xa
Remainder: 13
p'A
3y)6y,
0+ t,
Quotient :3b2 -?ft
Quotient=a -F
Remainder:10
6y,
t3
;8b'
--1-
0+10
(l)
0 -Bb2 +13
Quotient:p2
Remainder:
-2b
-Bb,+
t2b3
0 -25a+lO
-25a
+
(5)
vm
* remainder
2y3 +6y2 +l2y *8; y +l
(4) bo -W2; b2 + 1
(6).4n-4n2 +n5 -na; n3 -4
(8) a3 *8; a +2.
Q)
(2)
?+2
++y +g
y+1)2y3+6y2+lzy*8
_zv'Jzf
4y2
-4x*12
_4y2
+ l2y
+ 4y
0* 8y*8
_8yt8
xz
12
J.:
answer in the
-7x + 12
:l.r'iX"-4)+o
* l2y *8
:(y+DQy'*4y*S)+O
2yt + 6y'
170
(3) 5a-12+3a2
-5at
(4)
q6o+
- t3
u2 + rlo+ @ls
:6a4
6a2
5a3
3a2
b2
b2
-but
---
*.5a _ 12
_ t3b2 +0
_ r3b2 _ t3
-5a+9
o'-l)6"o-W
6aa
vm
Ir
--"
-6a2
+
+9az
a56-12
-5a3
9a2
b4
DIVISION
: (b2
+ D@2 -t3) + rs
Ans.
(1)
x3
_xa
-6x2
+
-
-12
9a2
6x3,+
$,
-l-17
+-
5x
l1x
-6x-6
-6x-6
rri
:n5 -n4
-4nz +4n
n2
-n
gtu_17
-9m++
lrx2
descending order
l2m2 +8m
-4x3 +5x2
-4x3 +4x2
5x2
_IIx2
i rol
x3
t------
3m+2)12*z
+IIx-6
-6x3 -6x2
++
-9
-f'
.'. 6aa - 5a3 + 3a2 + 5a 12 -3
:(a2-D(az-sa+9)+(-s)
(s)
0i
Quotient :.tr3
i
I
6x-6
6x2
+ llx
- 6;
Quotient:x3-4x2+x+6;
Remainder:0.
11
._ n4
.'. l2m2-m-17
:(3rn+2)(4m-3)+(_ff;
-+ ll'
.'.
n5
t4n
*4n
(3)
-3xz -x-3
x-2)xa -5x3 +5x2 +5x-6
x4 *zx3
x3
x+3)xa -5x3 +
_ xa +3x3
-3x3 + 5x2
-3x3 + 6x2
+5x-6
++
-x2 +5x
'-x2 +2x
+
3x-6
3x-6
-x +3;
29x2
+ 5x
29x2
+87x'
-82x:6
-82x -246
++
+
Quotient:x3 -3x2
Remainder:0.
5x2
-8x3 +5x2
-8x3 -24x2
-L-
x2+5x
x2- x
+
6x--5
r________-l_
POLYIIOMIALS
r+rffi
l2b2
OF.
240
172
(s)
NAVNEET MATIIEMATICS
DIGEST: STANDARD
yIU
Factors of Polynomials
x3-2x2-x+2
*-:ffi
1. Revision
-x2 +5x
-x2 +3x
Ans.
2J_6
2r _6
-+
-x *2;
3m2 t 6mn
(2) 7a + t4b - 2tc
(3) 4x3 +?.xz +?"x +l
(4) x2 IZx * 5r + 35 ,
(5) x2 -9x + Llx -99
(6) x' *t3x- tlx-143
(7) x' -7x 8x + 56
(g) &2 -gb2
(D 4x2 *1.2xy +9t2.
-
(l)
+-
2x2
to 169)
(l)
*2x3 + 5x'
zx3 + 6x2
Quotient:.tr3 Remainder:0.
pa.ges 165
Q. 1. Factorise
(Textbook
t6mn
:3m(m*2n)
(2) 7a * l4b.-2lc
+2x2 +b + |
:2x2(?se+ 1)+ l(Zx+l)
3m2
Q)
:7(a*2b-3ic)
* 5.r * 35
:x(x*7)+5(x+7)
: (x * 7)(-r + 5)
4x3
:(b+l)(2rc2 +D
6) x' -9x * lIx-99
(6) x2 -f l3x
:x(x-9)+11(r-9)
Il.x
143
:(x-9Xx+ll)
------- --- --.i--(7') xt
-7x -8.r * 56
i 1ty 4a2 -9b2
x(x-7)-8(.r-7)
i :(Za)2-(3b)2
:(r-7X.r-8)
i :ea+3b)(Za-3b)
-
(9)
4x2
+ lzxy +9y2
.'.
4x2
-2
(I)
6x,
(2)
(-
6x), (
-x)
N2
x 6 = 6x2
The third pur 2x and 3x gives the sum 5.r, which is the middle term.
Write 5r, the middle term of the given polynomial as (2x + 3x).
+5x+6
:x2 +2x*3x*6
:x(x]-2)+3(x+2)
x2
I
NAVNEET MATIIEMATICS
DIGEST : SfANDARD
:(r+
VIII
FACTOR,S OF POLYNOMIALS
2)(x+3)
Ans. Thefactors of
(5) p2
x2_+5x*6:(x+ 2)(x+3).
-p-420
- 2tp*20p-420
(6) x2 *25x
- Ilx -
(8) xt
:p2
(7')
+7x_ I0
:12x2+l5x_gr_10
:3x(4x+5)-2(4x+5)
: (4x * 5)(3x 2)
l2x2
:l2x2x(-10):- 120x2
Now, - 120x2 :(i) ( l5-r) x (g.r)
(iiX l5"r) x ( 8x) are
the rwo pairs
In (i) ( - t5.r) + (8"r) _+ _7x
(l) x2+?-x-6g
(4) k2
-?k
-120
_420
e)
(13)
Ans.
(l)
yt + 6J -
x2
135
(14) s2 _
+2x -63
:*r-.*r)-?x-63
g99 0$
(4
Y'il'-*
?,s
:x(x+gt-t(;g) i
:(.r+9)(x-7)
x2+
=:i#;Hr,
!@)kr_zk_nA
! : ot _ tri-* ,oo _ ,ro
4o
:x(x*8)-s(.r+B) j
- x2.* Bx -
5x
:q-+:ll9-12 j
:GD+rck_12)
:!!_!2)c+;;
: (,' - l2)0 + 6)
(12\ x2 -36x-t324
:x2 -!8x-l8x*324
: x(x - 18) - 18(-r - 18)
: (r - 18Xr - 18)
(15) x2 +36x+35
:x2+x*35.r*35
r,(x
1)
+ 35(x +
: (r * 1)(r + 35)
3ft + 35.
:rurrr\,-.
--------_-_':--_'_-:-1::._-:!-- ii
-0+flp_a)
t-t^^ t'
(3) x2
L -trx-+u
*3x-40
i )^^ ,irt ),
29)
y'+6y-135
:y2 +t5y*9y-135
:y(y+15)-9(y+15)
:(y+15Xy-9)
x2r3x--40
6) p2 _p
a; ;, *"lu i"rno
Q) x2-lDx-144 (g) x2*27x+72 (9)
x2_36x+203
(10) y2-6y-72
(tr) p2+27p_g0 (12) x2_36x+J24
(r
-6y-72
:y2-I2y+6y-72
:y(y - 12) +60 - 12)
:p2 +30p-3p-90
:p(p+30)-3(p+30)
:(p+30Xp-3)
polynomial.
x(x
(10) y2
(ll) p'+27p-90
e) ytl-Ty_u
x(x
(x
18)
:x2 -29x-7x*203
:
:
r44
*27x*72
:x2l24x+3x*72
144
(13)
x'
:xz -I8x*8x*I44
:x2 +I6x+9x+I44
1)
(2) 4p'-9p - 9
(3) 6x2 -25ry -gyt
G) 11x2 -l&x +7
(4) 5x2 +2lxy -20ry' (5) 3p'-l4p r15 (6) 6n2 -m -12
(7) 7x2 - Sxy -18y2 (8) 9r2 * 5ry - l4y2 O) +n2 +lgmn +l2n2
(10) 7p2 *l$pq-9q2 (11) 3r2 * 3r - 1260 (12) 5y2 -30y - 360
(13)
3x2
*3ry-1.26$y2
(14)
5y222
Ans.
(l)
*7
:IIx(x-1)-7(x-I)
i
i
:qr1l\!b-7) .i
5yz
360.
e) +p'-9p -9
:4p2
r2p +3p
-9
:4p(p*3)+3(p-3)
=o--3)(YI?)
176
NAVIYEET MATTIEMATICS
DIGEST : STANDARD
(3)
6x2
-25xy -9rz
:6x2
-27xy *2ry _gnz
(4)
5x2
FACTORS OF POTYNOMIALS
+2txy-20yt
:5x2 +
:3xQ,x-9D+y1U*gr,
VII
25ry
- 4w -
2ov2
:5"r(-r+5y)* 4y(x+5y)
0.
(l\
(5)3p2-t4p+ts
_a_2
:!{-9p-5p+15
_r
:3p(p-3)-s(p-3)
:rn_a\/!- !\
i
i 6) 6m2-m_12
_^*z
ii
n *gm_
_
^
6m2 _9m
t,l
tv"'-L'
:-------i
3*em-3)+aem_3)t
!
*t2Sn3
27rn3
(2)
:g*?+r+ry_exy_14y2
-Jgi i :x(9x+t4y)-y(9x+t
-2!)y! 1?l
_vl
i : ex +t4y)(x
t'!-:*- -,t!
=\!:* renn+
(e) 4m2
p;
i;;;:
(10) :-;':
7p2 r .':t$pq
-9q2
:AtZZZ_?pq *eq.
:7P (P + 3q) 3q
:iln_.t-?,^t
(p + n.
3q)
- a^t_,,
(ll)
*3x-1260
:3(x2 +x-420)
3x2
(l)
27m3
125n3
* Qm *
:3lx(x+2t)-20(x*21)l
_.__.___..____:_._r..:___._.__.__:_
.j
:5Lv()
_12)+ee nn
:19 :
l?lQ
(13) 3x2+3ry*
:
:
+ 2J*y.,* 2gry
* a20y1i : s (yj!_%*
:3[x(x +21y)
-20y(x +zty)]i
:3(r+2ty)(x_2oy) j
Iglrfr:: s.: ! ?'
=
!: r
,)lr:.
__r!:rp
(3)
5n)(9a2
(3m
-limn
+25n2)
(p)3
(p
@q)3
+ 4q)(pt -
(p +
4pq
ad {@), - p x 4q + @q)z}
+ t6q2)
+216
(y)3
+ (6)3
(y + 6)(y2
(y + 6)
{rflt - y x 6 + (6)2}
6y + 36)
2a3 +250b3
(7)3
:(7 +W)(49-56r-+64k2)
8yz
72)
SLyz2z_9) + B(vz_g)l
:_r;;:-".,,::1":
y3
:
:
(5)
1__6.1
(2) pt -t 64q'
(4)
12) 5y2*30y_3OO
tu3 +250b3
Ans.
:1m'.+ 76mn+?yn+
!2.n1
:4m(m*4n)+3n(m*4n) !
(q
:13m)3 + (5n)3
:f*+2
a'+fi
:(o)'.(+)' :(o**){rr
:('* *)("-i.#)
-@) x
*.(*)'\
NAVNEET MATIIEMATTCS
DTGEST : $TAITIDARD
VIII
FACTORS OF POI,YNOMXALS
(7)
729b3
:
Q.
Use the
64a3
e)
@ sf
_t
@)
lZgn, _CA
-4.
y"
Ans.
:
------
(8.r)3
-_(E"
-- -
-- - -
-:
---
* (7y)3: (8x:r
7y)(Gx2 + 56ry
7y){(sxl2
4gyt)
* 8* x 7y + (7y)2}
-64
(9b)3
(9b
4){(9D2
4r(tlh2 + 3tr + t6)
-,(4),
(9b
*9b x a x @)?\
MISCELLANEOUS E)(ERCISE - 2
Q. 1. Do
'-
as directed :
The measure of the major arc
a.
root of 729 (Write in
(1) Cube
Ans.
tu,,
symbols)
(2) 25 + x (Wiire the
degree of the
{-5n: -,
(4) (B)3
\J)
C*rrr"inrvoro*.1
- ---- - __1_
-512is -8
(Evatuate.)
1
-1
-:m
m
rea_
nol)
or
-7
Ans.
-1
$J
Itt;:
yt yyi
23
tst (r;;+
144
(4) v2 s ;ai
11
1si*i:
rsur
-.._.----t-'--:---
raf:
?ll
f':"s-rr"s:"t -*i_*, _*
.-. 3
?)
(2)
(4) ms
:t
14 4
--m5:*i-i:*T
l4_4
10
t?
-:m-
2I
Gp9v
Solution : The opposite angles of a cyclic quadrilateral are supplernentary. Let the measure of each angle in the pair of opposite angles be x".
Q.z.
(1) (1s)3 x
360"
polynomial.)
l05o
I80
Then, -r *.r
180 .' 2x:
.'. Jo 90o.
Ans. The measure of each angle of the pair of opposite angles is 90o.
.'. mLB*mLD:'180o
.'. 65 + mLD:180
.'. mLD:180-65
.'. mLD:115o
(3) As per (2), mLA + mLC:180"
.'. 125 * mLC: 180
.'. mLC: 180 - 125
.". mLC:55o.
.!1]l_9-ili1-:9*.:qi11:P9P:--....-.--..-----:.
NAVNEET MATHEMATICS
DIGEST : STANDARD
VIII
Q' 7'
MISCELLANEOUS EXERCISE - 2
il;;;
drawn
;:::::":""1
[AB
:5
AC is 6 cm.
diagonal
27
x
x 27
25 -:64
25
Compound interest
Simple interest
rt
cm,
:40000
- P:
Rs (46656- 40000)
PxRxN 40000x8x2 :
I- _: 100
100
Rs 6656.
Rs 6400
Q. 11. Given below is some data about the boys and girls of a certain
school who passed the S.S.C. exams
l;ff"11j,:::f:i:::t:la1r!lgsram
"-. rre
C;;;;;r#ffiffi""##:
ansleoincluded by"these
siJes is 6s..
Ans.
',,:ffi,,1rDi#rSit it
65Vo
7OVo
80Vo
85Vo
64Vo
65Vo
787o
80Vo
t1
+1'
l1l
'*: :
r*
? g !:,
?!::
_n
il,|;J,"Tl,f
,1"Jffi:""r_",", r*in"
Solution : Here,
p:
Rs 40,000;
e:p(t*I\"
\ lool
:4oooo( t+a)'
\ 100/
:4oooo
" (r * *)'
R:
:4oooo x
,L"
g p.c.p.a.;
(#)
N:2
years
MISCELLANEOUS EXERCISE-
a. 12.
(t .
1400'
Solution : The printed price of the camera: Rs
Its selling Price: Rs 1316'
*)'
:2500
Amount: Rs 2916
" (#)':
2500
*##r:
percentage of
Rs 2e16
A scooter
:n('.*I
:42ooo r
# r ft:
orrx 8l
:42000 x
('-*)'
(1)
1x3
-3x2
x2
*6x-27)-(x-3)
+6
:Rs
x:
Rs
xx
-9
341020.
-3p? -3p *9
p+3v+of -r2p2 +0p*9
p3
-po
::100 Rs
--- a
!3P'
'-3pt - r2pt
-3p'++
20
*6x -27
(
Ans. x3 -3x2 + 6x - 27 : Qc -3Xr2 + 6) + -9)
(2) (po t2p'* 9) -: (P + 3)
5zo.
Selling price
Solution
6x-18
+
.'.
'
(*)'
Rs 34020
(ry#):*#
9pt
-3Pz +oP
-3p'-9p
++
:' n:760
.'. x:760
x2!
t9
Ans. The marked price of the carpet:Rs g00.
.r
Rs 84
discount
t too
discount:ffi
:42ooo x
1316)
x3
-r#)
:42ooo(1
Rs (1400
it
84
2916.
(P)
sold
- 1400 x loo:6
o'
185
If the shopkeeper
Q. 15. The printed price of a camera is Rs'1400'
for Rs 131.6, what was the discount per cent ?
e:e(r.*)
:2500
9p
*9
9p
*27
Rs 800
Ans. pa
- l\p'
-18
(P
+ 3)@3
- 3P2 -3p*9)+(-18)
NAVIYEET MATIffiMATICS
DIGEST : STANDARD
Q.
tl.
Factorise :
(l)
x2
-?,x -gg
'-
(l)
x2
-2x-gg
VIIr
MISCELLANEOUS EXERCISE- 2
3p'* top-25
:3pz * tsp * 5p
-2s
:x2 - ll,y*9x-9a
:x(x-il)+9(x*il)
: (,r - llXr + 9)
:I"Tx7
x7 x6:308cucm
1540
+ 308 : 1848 cu cm
l-;,*-"T,l1:rfr.llheres
melting
a solid metallic
"""r
or""air"i
:!nf:!xnxgx8xgcucm
lnrt:!xnxl
xIx
*ii,r"",*i
l:i";;"
x8x
:"tTl*
h:
l0 cm.
Volume of a cylinder
R:7
r:7
125000
ffi:::
cm;
"'
(3) (3x
+2)i
-8
(2) 6x'-l9x -7
(4) (2x - 3)3 + 125.
Ans.
: nr2h
:T*7x7xlO:1540cucm
"^;'H_j;";
1..5
Q. 21. Factorise :
(l) p' -2p -168
:5rZ
i, ,"_
its height is 10 cm. A
cone *tt
"ni
that of the base of the cylinder
frulgfri of 6 cm is
placed on it. What
""A "
is ttre votume
oi'roUa tf,.r,
formed?
: For the cytinder:
125000
4
;Xn
100
Volume
,r#
cm
of the mer
_
-#-!r"xsx8x8
votu-@-3"'L^::oxd
1.50
.'. 100 x x:
of radius g cm
o.
'
nRzH
(3)
:!
Volume of a cone
A
C
ffi
168
:p2-I4p+t2p-168
: p(p - 14) + Iz(p - t4)
:(p 14)@ +12')
(2)
l9x
-7
-ZIx*2x-7
:3x(?-x
-7) + I(zx -7)
: (2x - 7X3r + 1)
6x2
:6x2
188
(3r+2)3-8
(3)
-:
:
:
(a)3
(a
2)(a2
Q)3
... (Substituting
+
+ 4)
(3x *2
-Z)tex-t 2)2 +2(3x *2) + 4l
3x(9x'
a. 23. IIow
a for
3x
Za
canbemadebymeltingasolidmetalbrickoflength16cm'
12x
*2
for a
a for 2* _
solid:
tLx
*9 _ t}x+
:2(x *I)@x2
-2?.r +49)
... (Substituting Zx
containe";;r;*
:
For a cone: R :3 cm; H:r0
"-::
Volume of ice-cream in one cone
:20
cm;
h:60
nr2h
n x 20 x 20 x 60 cu cm
lnn2U
of
ice-cream
Ans. 800
cones.
in
cm
vessel
:*rrrx3x3xl0
:nx3xl0cucm
Volume
for a)
ice-cream ?
nx20x20x60
zx3x10
:800
_3
one
... lFrom
*nE
(t)
and (2)l
cm, h
l0 cm'
10
cu cm
thickness:h:0'2
9m'
nrzh
:-4.4 cu cm
t5 + 25)
Q' 22.
--'xlx1x0.2
7
-5a*25)
(2x +2)(4x2
tt
3)
16 x'11
:1760
:3xx3(3x2 *6x*4)
:9x(3x2+6x+4)
:(a+5)(a2
... (Substituting 3x
* 4 + 6x + 4 + 4)
:3x(9x2*l}x+12)
189
MISCELLANEOUSEXERCISE-2
VIII
,..(l)
l' 7 :
**:1769
7 4.4
28oo
FOR STANDARD
VIII
Digests
''
2.
16-<l
gos+Unrn altN-qrq
Vdqqrtfr T{+d
4. q{rS gevr+n-or r+fra
3.
Vikas Workbooks:
fE-<i
6. Geography Workbook
8. Geography Digest
9. General Science Digest
7. Vikas Mapbook
o
o
2. Higher Level
4.
b. Sdq
F* f+ua*,
GradeExaminationDrawing
Made Easy
1. Information Technology
o. G-frgflilTn-frarFn-{ur, E6trr c
7. q{r& (LL) fuiq q-{frfl, Eqdilr
2. Work Experience
3. Health & Physical Edu.
4. Environmental Education
6. aa{-6qqr$ gor+wfi
5. Value Education
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