Security Level:

2012-8-20

Clarification on Load
Balance and Load
Sharing
Huawei Wang Zecai w00162127
www.huawei.com

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Huawei Confidential

RNC Load Management Designed

Load Info
Exchange

MPU

DSP

MPU

SPU

such as RRC, RANAP, NBAP

etc.

DSP

SPU

DSP

SPU

SPU: Signaling Processing Unit,

DSP

DSP: User Plane Processing

Unit, such as FP, MAC, RLC,

SPU

IUUP etc.
DSP

SPU

DSP

SPU

DSP

SPU

DSP

SPU

MPU: Resources Management

Unit, L2 Resource,

Transmission Resource, and

SPU Load Management, DSP
Load Management
Subrack A

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Subrack B

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Load Measurement

Load of SPU subsystem

Load indicated as SPU CPU usage measured by OS

Load of DSP used by Load Management

DSP capacity is indicated as DSP Capacity Credits

Capacity consumption law designed for calls with different GBR

Load measured as (ConsumedCredits/CapacityCredits)*100%

DSP CPU usage measured by OS is used as load control after overload.

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How SPU Subsystem Selected for New Call

RRC CONN REQ of the new call always is sent to the SPU A subsystem

at which the NodeB is terminated.

If the load of the SPU A subsystem is high and reaches a threshold,
the RRC CONN REQ is forwarded to MPU A of this subrack, otherwise,
it accepts the RRC CONN REQ.
MPU A searches for one subrack of which the load is the lowest one,
and the MPU A forwards the RRC CONN REQ to that subracks MPU B.

MPU B selects one SPU B subsystem of which load is the lowest one in
this subrack and sends the RRC CONN REQ to it.

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How DSP Selected for New Call

Try to select the DSP with lowest load in the subrack A at
which the NodeB terminated from which call initials.

If the load of subrack A reaches Loadsharingout threshold, and

the subrack Bs load is less than Loadsharingout threshold and
remaining credits more than Subrack A.
The DSP with lowest load is selected in subrack B.
Anyway, the DSP with lowest load in one subrack is allocated
to a new coming call
In V9R11SPC720 and RAN12, the limitation that the target
subrack load should be less than Loadsharingout threshold is
cancelled.
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DPU Configuration for the Better Load

Sharing

DPU Capacity should be distributed equally between subracks

For instance that

Subrack A: 10 DPUb

Subrack B: 1 DPUb

LoadsharingoutThr: 60%

If subrack A load is about 90%, and subrack B load is 10%, subrack A cannot

share load with subrack B because the remaining credits in subrack A is much
more than subrack B.

If subrack A load is about 90%, and subrack B load is 60%, subrack B shares
load to subrack A because the remaining credits is much more than subrack B.

For P4 live network, the DPU distribution is equal between

subracks in one RNC.

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Example for Load Sharing

MPU

RRC
Redirection

SPU

SPU

L2 Application Response
SPU

SPU

SPU

DSP

DSP

DSP

DSP

MPU
RRC Redirection

RRC CONN REQ

Apply for L2
Resource

MPU

L2 Instance Establish SPU

DSP
DSP

NodeB

SUBRACK2

SUBRACK1

SUBRACK3

Both of control plane load and user plane load in subrack 1 are
reaches LoadSharingOut threshold

Load shared by other subrack

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Load Balance and Load Sharing

Load Balance Design

DSPs In one subrack

Load of DSPs in one subrack is balanced in a period of time

Load Sharing Design

Load between SPU subsystems

The call can be processed by other SPU subsystems

Load of DSPs between subracks

The call can be processed by the DSP in other subracks

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Disadvantages for Load Sharing

Call Latency: the Call establishments should be redirected between MPUs, so

the call delay will be added in milliseconds.
( a normal call must take more than 1 second, so the influence is minor. )

The load of MPU increases a little.

The capacity of inter-subrack should be taken.

The capacity between subrack is 4GE.

The maximum DPU capacity in one subrack

can be 2G, if the Ethernet transportation
efficiency is 75%, it will needs 2.7Gbps intersubrack.
Now, the capacity is enough. If the more DPUe
is put in this subrack and the traffic more than
4G, the capacity of inter-subrack will not be
enough.

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When is Load Sharing Necessary

Load Sharing is not necessary for a light load network

For example, Subrack A traffic: 40, load: 40%; Subrack B load:0

If load sharing working, subrack A traffic:20 and subrack B traffic:20,

the total load is 40, therefore, no gain we get.

Load Sharing is necessary for a heavy load network

For example, Subrack A traffic: 80, load:80%; Subrack B load:0

Because the load Subrack A is quite high, load control has been taken
to protect from overloading, such as BE traffic reduction and the traffic
is restrained, the actual traffic in subrack A is more than 80, for
exampe 100.

If load sharing working and sharing threshold is 50%, subrack A load

50 and subrack B load:50, the total traffic is 100, and the gain we get

is 20.
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When is Load Sharing Necessary(cont.)

40

20

20
No gain of load sharing when load is low

Load Controlled

80

50

50

0
System will take
load control to
protect itself from
overload
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the gain of load sharing when load is high

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Load Sharing Parameters

Recommendation

Issue 1: SPU load sharing not working by default

Action:

1. For new subrack addition, NodeB re-parenting is recommended

2. Load Sharing Threshold should be set properly

SharingOutThr=50%, Offset=5%, SharingOutCAPSThr=0

Issue 2: DSP load sharing not working by default

Action:

1. For new subrack addition, NodeB re-parenting is recommended

2. Load Sharing Threshold should be set properly

SharingOutThreshlold=60%, Offset=5%

If the load of subrack is not high enough, the load sharing may not be
triggered.
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Load Balanced of DSP in One Subrack

Some comments for new call processing

One call only can be processed by one allocated DSP

According to GBR to admit new call for DSP

The new call always allocated to the DSP of which remaining GBR

is maximum in one subrack. For easy understanding, assumed that

the GBR is same for each call, then the number of call is equal for
each DSP in the subrack.

PS traffic has its throughput burst sometime, so DSP load is

variant with the time.

From the probability of view, DSPs load is relative balanced

between DSPs in period of time in one subrack, not at each

moment.

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DSP Load Balanced in One

Subrack(cont.)

How to measure the DSP load balance in one subrack

Average DSP Usage value is calculated in period of 5min

Standard deviation is calculated for the averaged DSP usage

For example GDARNC2 subrack0 DPUb slot 8 load

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Thank you
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