Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
Society
Types of Society
Type
of
Society
Populati
on Size
Productive
Technolog
y
Hunting
and
Gatherin
g
Societies
25-40
people
Primitive
weapons
Horticult
ural and
Pastoral
Societies
Settleme
nts
of
several
hundred
people,
connect
ed
through
trading
ties
to
form
societies
of
several
thousan
d people
Agrarian
Societies
Industrial
Societies
PostIndustrial
Society
Settlement
Pattern
Example
s
Nomadic
Bushmen
of
Africa
E.B.
Tylor,
anthropologys
founder, gave a definition to
start with:
That complex whole which
includes
Knowledge, beliefs, arts,
morals, law, custom
And any other capabilities and
habits
Acquired
by
man
[both
genders]
As a member of society
Characteristics of society:
Hand
tools,
domestica
tion
of
animals
Horticultura
lists
form
relatively
permanent
settlements
;
pastoralists
are
nomadic
Middle
East
Societies
(5000
B.C.)
Animaldrawn
plow
Egypt
during
the
construct
ion
of
the Great
Pyramids
;
Medieval
Europe
Personality
Millions
of
people
Cities
become
common,
though
they
generally
contain
a
small
proportion
of
the
population
Cities
contain
most of the
population
(Most
societies
today in
Europe,
North
America,
Japan
Millions
of
people
Advanced
sources of
energy;
mechaniz
ed
production
Millions
of
people
Computer
s
that
support an
informatio
n-based
economy
Population
remains
concentrate
d in cities
Japan,
Europe
and
North
America
Socialization
inherited
behavior patterns
o (ex. the maternal instinct)
Soculpo
Nurture
o To raise, bring up, train or
educate
o American
psychologist
John B. Watson believed
o that all behavior could be
learned (nurture)
Examples of Factors
Influencing Personality
Development
Parents
o Childs first attachment is
to mother
o Later, both parents serve
as role models
and
shape perception of sex
roles and
family
membership
Culture
o A
societys
cultural
environment
may
determine
which
personality
traits
are
emphasized
o For example, in the
Philippines,
children from the higher
class
are
taught
creativity
but
children
from
the lower class are taught
to conform.
Understanding how we
become who we are: Key
Contributors
Processes of socialization
Sigmund Freud
(Personality)
Erik Erikson (Stages of
Psychosocial
Development)
Jean Piaget (Cognitive
Development)
Lawrence Kohlberg (Moral
Development)
Resocialization: Total
Institutions
o
o
o
o
o
Social interaction
Status is a social position that
an individual occupies.
A status set consists of all the
statuses a person holds at a
given time.
Ascribed and achieved statuses.
An ascribed status is a social
position that someone receives
at birth or involuntarily assumes
later in life.
An achieved status is a social
position that someone assumes
voluntarily and that reflects
personal ability and efort.
A master status is a status
that has special importance for
social identity, often shaping a
persons entire life.
Soculpo
A role consists of behavior
expected of someone who holds
a particular status.
Role set refers to a number of
roles attached to a single
status.
Role conflict refers to conflict
among roles corresponding to
two or more diferent statuses.
It can be reduced by
compartmentalizing our lives.
Role strain refers to
incompatibility among roles
corresponding to a single
status.
Role exit is the process by
which people disengage from
important social roles.
Gender
Gender Sterotypes
Gender stratification
unequal distribution of
rewards (especially valued
resources like power,
prestige, human rights and
personal freedom) between
men and women, reflecting
their diferent positions in a
social hierarchy.
Sexual revolution
Sexual orientation
Deviance
Soculpo
The Functions of
Deviance: StructuralFunctional Analysis
Labeling Deviance:
Symbolic-Interaction
Analysis
Innovation.
Ritualism.
Retreatism.
Rebellion.
Hirschis control
theory.
Soculpo
Types of Crimes
White-collar crime consists of
crimes committed by persons of
high social position in the
course of their occupations.
It is usually controlled by civil
rather than criminal law.