43.

The diagram shows a joint.

Rajah di bawah menunjukkan satu sendi.

What health problems would most probably arise if X wears off?

Apakah masalah kesihatan yang mungkin akan timbul jika X berkurang?
A.
B.
C.
D.

44.

Arthritis
Artritis
Osteoporosis
Osteoporosis
Muscle cramp
Kekejangan otot
Muscular dystrophy
Distrofi otot

Fish, frog and birds can move because

Ikan, katak dan burung boleh bergerak kerana..
I
they have involuntary skeletal muscles
Mereka mempunyai otot rangka tidak terkawal
II
they have antagonistic muscles
Mereka mempunyai otot yang bergerak secara berlawanan
III
they have a jointed skeletal system
Mereka mempunyai system otot yang bersendi
IV
their skeletal systems act as levers
Mereka mempunyai system otot seperti mesin ringkas
A.
B.
C.
D.

I and II only
I dan II sahaja
III and IV only
III dan IV sahaja
I, II and IV only
I, II dan IV sahaja
II, III and IV only
II, III dan IV sahaja

Jawapan:
43. A
44. D

5.

Diagram 5 shows a couple that is undergoing IVF.

Rajah 5 menunjukkan satu pasangan yang menjalani IVF.

Diagram 5/ Rajah 5
(a)
State the number of chromosomes in each cell labelled P.
Nyatakan bilangan kromosom dalam setiap sel berlabel P.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
[1 mark/ markah]
(b)
The woman suffers from infertility. Suggest one cause of infertility the woman is
suffering from that makes her choose the IVF method to conceive a child.
Wanita itu mengalami masalah kemandulan. Cadangkan satu punca kemandulan
yang dialami oleh wanita tersebut yang menyebabkan dia memilih kaedah IVF
unutk mendapatkan anak.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
[1 mark/ markah]
(c)
Name structure Q.
Namakan struktur Q.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
[1 mark/ markah]
(d)
IVF treatment usually involves injecting a woman with hormones before the
procedure is carried out. What are the hormones and why are they given?
Dalam rawatan IVF, seorang wanita biasanya disuntik dengan hormone sebelum
prosedur tersebut dijalankan. Apakah hormone tersebut dan mengapakah hormone
ini perlu diberi.

(e)

(f)

_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
[2 marks/ markah]
What do the doctors do next with structure P?
Apakah yang doktor lakukan seterusnya dengan struktur P?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
[1 mark/ mark]
Describe the roles of FSH, oestrogen and LH in the menstrual cycle.
Huraikan peranan FSH, estrogen dan LH dalam kitar haid.
(i) FSH
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________

(ii) Oestrogen
Estrogen

_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
(iii) LH
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
[6 marks/ markah]
Jawapan:
(a)
46
(b)
Blocked Fallopian tubes
Tiub Fallopian tersekat
(c)
Zygote
Zigot
(d)
In the IVF, the woman is treated with high doses of FSH to stimulate the
development of a large number of Graafian follicles.
Dalam IVF, wanita itu dirawat dengan dos yang tinggi FSH untuk merangsang
pertumbuhan sebilangan besar folikel Graafian.
(e)
Insert P into the mothers womb/ uterus
Memasukkan P ke dalam uterus ibu
(f)
(i) FSH and LH stimulate the development and maturation of ova.
FSH dan LH merangsang pembangunan dan kematangan ova.
- FSH stimulates ovum to mature
FSH merangsang ovum matang
- FSH stimulate oestrogen production
FSH merangsang pengeluaran estrogen
(ii)
- stimulate the repair of the uterine wall
merangsang pembaikan dinding rahim
- Stimulate ovulation
Merangsang ovulasi
(iii)
- stimulate egg release/ ovulation
merangsang pembebasan telur / ovulasi
- Stimulate the development of corpus luteum
Merangsang pembangunan corpus liteum