CASE STUDIES

Industry
Iron and steel manufacturing:
-Port Talbot Steelwork in South Wales
-Location: large area of flat land, near to the sea for importing and
exporting purposes (resources are heavy&have to be imported by
sea), near to a large workforce and access to the entire british
market through excellent motorway links (there have been
government grants and loans)
High-tech industries:
-The M4 Corridor- on either side of M4 motorway running from
London to Cardif
-Location: the motorway system (easy access to all parts of UK),
close proximity to many airports in London (heathrow), Bristol and
Cardif (international business links), a railway line runs through the
region, close proximity and good access to London (where major
govt functions and financial trading occurs), large pool of workers in
London, Reading, Bristol, close to good universities in London,
Cardif, Bath, Reading, Bristol (to supply skilled labour and
research&development facilities) (oxford, Cambridge,etc) ,
attractive areas to live nearby and enjoy recreation time like Mendip
Hills , many of the South of England is wealthy (so large potential
market for new products), there is already existing government and
research facilities and other research based companies like Rolls
Royce and British Aerospace, high conc. Oof high-tech industries
share ideas and service to reduce costs
-companies: LG, Microsoft, Panasonic
http://www.s-cool.co.uk/gcse/geography/industry/revise-it/casestudies
Manufacturing industry: Honda in Guangzhou (pearl river delta)
Impacts: air pollution area covered in smog (comes from power
plants that burn coal) (levels of SO2 and NO2 in PRD are 2-3 times
higher than in other areas of Guangdong province causes acid
rain) , pollution from factory waste and untreated sewage water
quality is very poor (pearl river water in Guangzhou is only suitable
for farm use not for drinking/domestic use), afects wildlife habitats
(pearl river drains into south china sea local species like chinese
white dolphin are becoming endangered), air pollution leads to
respiratory problems
Benefits:
1) construction of education institutes and innovation platform
has been improved (Guangzhou has 2/3 higher education
institutes in Guangdong)

2) increased employment 93.5 thousand research and

development stafs in Guangzhou and almost 30 thousand of
returned oversea students
3)
http://greenfieldgeography.wikispaces.com/IGCSE+and+GCSE+Indu
stry
Benefits of hi-tech industries in Bangalore:
1) create wealth (improve economy) bangalores per capita
income of $6460 is higest for any city in India
2) provide new jobs younger generation moving into Bangalore
for jobs, education and social advancement
3) investment in infrastructure
4) service provision restaurants (McD, KFC, Indonesian, thai),
malls (The Forum, Garuda Mall) for shopping and
entertainment, cinemas
5) expanding educational opportunities
6) increased wages
7) skill development
8) improved living standards
Cons:
1) tremendous shortage of water
2) irregular and inadequate power supply
3) overburdened public transportation services
4) inadequate solid waste disposal
5) overwhelming housing crunch
6) increased socio-economic inequality between the rich and the
poor (63% of Bangalore pop. (lower socio-economic class) live
in one-room housing units and 10% (elite class highly paid
pros, scientists, managers - lifestyle similar to successful
individuals in UK, US, 27% middle-class of highly educated
reasonably-paid highly motivated individuals) income gap is
getting wider
POLLUTION
Causes of global warming UK
1) CO2 emissions from coal, petrol, oil (26 kg a day 7.4 from
transport, 2.8 from manufacturing, 1.6 from fuel production)
2) CFC gases from fridges, aerosols, hamburger cartons
3) Nitrous from fertilizer
4) Methane from cattle and paddyfields
Impacts of global warming - Tuvalu
http://www.moyak.com/papers/tuvalu-climate-change.html
Causes of water pollution the ciliwung river (5 mil live along the
bank)

1) agricultural runof nitrates from fertilizers are causing plant

growth in the river causing the river flow being impeded in
some places
2) industrial pollution factories along the river deposit all their
waste directly into the water (mercury is found)
3) contamination from human waste 6 million tons of human
waste released people throw wastes into the river
4) household liquid waste released into the drains and eventually
into the river
5) introduction of liquid waste from the district of bogor, depok,
Jakarta ppl living in the ciliwung river basin area
6) bombs made of kerosene and fertilizer to kill fish
7) people use the river as personal toilet
Impacts of water pollution
1) ppl live along the ciliwung use the water for everything from
washing clothes, dishes, themselves, swimming they get
sick
2) 20 000 children die from diarrhoeal diseases a year in
Indonesia and additional (50 000 annually from poor
sanitation and hygiene)
3) plants in river used up most of the O2 fish cant survive
4) people use groundwater instead to drink but due to a poor
sewage system, water is contaminated by e coli bacteria infant deaths
5) ppl sufer rom dengue fever and malaria mosquitos that
thrive in stagnant water
Air pollution Jakarta
Efects:
1) 16 000 premature deaths a year
2) 1 in 10 sufer from asthma (children)
3) 1 in 10 sufer from respiratory infections
4) lead pollution reduction in learning abilities for children (IQ
loss)
lead content in human blood can cause anemia, lower
intelligence, behavioral problems, afect fertility and disrupt
nervous system
Causes:
1) growing number in motor vehicles 70% air pollutants come
from motor vehicles most of the diesel fuel used in Jakarta is
low quality and gives of a lot of sulfur pollutants. Leaded
gasoline is still used
2) industrial emissions 30%
3) insufficient green areas to absorb gas pollutants and
neutralize them deforestation in Kalimantan Indonesia lose
4 million hectares of forest every 2 years ( in 2013, it has led
to one of SE Asias worst air pollution crisis ever) releases
toxic smog

Food shortages sudan

Causes:
1) erratic rains - drought
2) huge influx of returnees from the North (more than 340 000)
3) civil war and unrest jeopardizing food security and economic
development
4) crop failure
5) flash flood in August 2013
Fuelwood - Himalayas
Problems:
1) deforestation
2) experience degradation if overexploited for fuel use
3) drought
4) soil erosion
5) emits pollutant gases
Geothermal energy Indonesia 40% of worlds geothermal
resources due to volcanic geology
Chevron, worlds largest geothermal power producer has operated
two geothermal fields in West Java at Salak and Darajat
HEP Jatiluhur dam on Citarum river in West Java
Coal- Kalimantan and South Sumatra centres of coal mining
1) deforestation
2) decrease fishing catches
3) increase respiratory illnesses
Oil major sector in Indonesian economy
Minas and Duri in Riau run by Chevron
Natural gas- Mahakam in east Kalimantan
Biomass- Kalimantan 55% of population rely upon biomass
Low population density Papua and Kalimantan
Papua <30 ppl/km2
Kalimantan Banjarmasin <115 ppl/km2 but most areas are
<30 ppl/km2
1) lack of facilities & infrastructure business not willing to
invest
2) low job opportunities area not developed
3) heavily forested lack of available space for use (ppl around
would be miners and loggers)
4) poor educational opportunities
High population density Java
>1000 ppl/km2
1) Fertile soil due to presence of volcanoes

2) Jakarta (capital city) high job opportunities, more business

transactions, education opportunities are better, good
transport links
3) Better health care more skilled doctors
High rate of population growth zimbabwe 4.36% second highest
21.78 net migration rate third highest
1) limited contraception and tradition for large families
(supported by Catholics and Islam)
2) lack of state pension children required to look after parents
in old age
3) many children die young bc of AIDS (high infant mortality-55)
encourages large families to try and ensure some children
survive to become adults
4) farm labour
5) immigrants mostly from asia and Africa host to a
considerable number of refugees who had fled war or violence
in their home country like Rwanda
6) 643 asylum-seeker most from strife-torn congo seeking
international protection where national protection has failed
Impacts of HIV/AIDS Zimbabwe
1) ppl unable to work less food produced
2) increases medical care cost and long term care is needed
3) cannot fight infections
4) increases number of orphans as many ppl who die are aged
20-40
5) reduces size of pop due to death of ppl of child bearing age
Low pop growth Japan -0.13%
1) fewer people are opting to wed choose to pursue their career
/ extend their education
2) rising cost of child-rearing
3) 70% of pregnant women quit their jobs
4) ageing population more old ppl die
clean water Saudi Arabia
1) dam/reservoir water is retained after rainy periods (wadi
Jizan)
2) desalination plants in order to remove salt from seawater (27
plants) 70%
3) boreholes/wells to obtain water from aquifer
4) cloud seeding by spraying silveriodide into atmosphere
5) recycled water

ThreeGorgesDam

TheThreeGorgesDamisthelargesthydroelectricpowerstationintheworld.Thedamisover2km
wideanditproduces22,500MWofelectricity.TheHEPislocatedontheYangtseRiverinCentral
China.ChinaisthemostpopulatedcountryintheworldandtheYangtseisthethirdlongestriverinthe
world.ThesiteoftheThreeGorgesDamwaschosenover15othersitesinChina.Itslocationwas
pickedforthefollowingreasons:

Asthethirdlargestriverintheworldtheriverofferedhugehydroelectricpotential

Therivervalleywaswideandflatmakingbuildingeasier

Thebedrockwasfirmwithlimitedcracksandfissuresmakingitstronger

Therewasasmallislandintheriverchannelwhichmadeiteasytocreateadiversionchannel
duringbuilding

DespitelargepartsofChinabeingseismicallyactive,theareaaroundthedamhasnotsuffered
anyrecentmajorquakes

Thereweretownsandcitiesthatneededtoberelocated,butincommunistChinaitwaseasy
topurchasehomesandrelocatepeoplee.g.Fengdu

Chinahasahugepopulation(over1.3billion)soitwaseasytomobiliseworkers

SizewellAandB,UKNuclearPowerStation
SizewellAandBarelocatenearthevillageofSizewellinSuffolk.SuffolkiscountyofEngland
locatedintheeastinapartofEnglandcalledEastAnglia.Sizewellislocatedonthecoastnexttothe
NorthSea.AlthoughSizewellAisnowbeingdecommissioned(shutdown),SizewellBisstillinuse
andthereareproposalsforathird.ThelocationofSizewllwaschosenforthefollowingreasons:

Closetotheseasoseawatercanbeusedforcooling

Closetothecoastsorawmaterials(uranium)canbeimportedandwasteexported.

Awayfrommajorpopulationcentreswhomayfearimpactsofnuclearpower(NIMBY)

Ithasanearbyraillinkandroadlinksnuclearwasteisactuallytransportedbytrainto
Sellafield(adifferentnuclearsite)

Flatgroundwithplentyofextralandavailableforexpansion

Itisonaslightplateausositedaboutthelevelofcoastalflooding

Connectionstothenationalgrid

RatcliffeonSoar,UKThermalPowerStation(coal)
Athermalpowerstationisanypowerstationthatusesfossilfuelsasitsfuel.TheRatcliffeonSoar
powerstationislocatedinthecountyofNottinghamshireincentralEngland.Thepowerstationwas

initiallycommissionedin1968andgeneratesabout2,000MWofelectricitywhichcanmeettheneeds
ofabout2millionpeople.Thepowerstationgenerateselectricityusingcoal.Thelocationofthepower
stationwaschosenbecause:

ItisclosetotheRiverTrentsowastercanbeeasilyobtainedforcooling

ItisclosetheM1motorwaysorawmaterialscanbetransportedtothepowerstationeasily.

WhenbuiltitwasclosetotheDerbyshireandNottinghamshirecoalminesalthoughmost
havenowclosed.

Itwasconnectedtothenationalgrid

ItwasclosetothemajorpopulationcentresofDerby,LeicesterandNottinghamsupplyof
workers

Itwaslocatedoutsideofanymajorcitiestoreduceprotests(NIMBY)

Ithasarailwaynearbytohelpwithtransportationofworkersandmaterials

Itwasbuiltonflatland(floodplain)

ADVANTAGESOFLIVINGIN
MEKONGDELTA

Fertilelandforfarming,especiallycropslike
rice

Plentyofwaterforfishingoraquaculture.
Thiscanfeedfamiliesorprovidean
economicincome.

Abundantdrinkingwater

Waterforcooking,washing,etc.

Tourismopportunitiese.g.MekongDelta

Housescanbebuiltonwaterandarethen
transportableandtheydonotflood

Goodtransportlinks,possibletotrade

MekongdeltaisinVietnam

DISADVANTAGESOFLIVING
INMEKONGDELTA

Hardtomaketransportlinksbyroads
costofbridges

Areasareatconstantriskofflood

Vulnerabletorisingsealevels

Waterisoftendirtyandpolluted
(industry,agriculture,sewers)

Mosquitoesareattractedtowater
(Malaria,Dengue)

Stormsurgesfromtropicalstorms

Costofbuildingdefences