L

MAHENDRA ENGINEERING COLLEGE

MAHENDHIRAPURI, MALLASAMUDRAM - 637503

CIVIL

IV/II

Lecture Handouts
Subject Name:

STRENGTH OF MATERIALS

Staff Name :

Y.BOOPATHI

Unit

I/ENERGY PRINCIPLES

Date of Lecture: 3 rd Hour

Topic of Lecture: Strain Energy Due To Axial Load, Shear, Flexure And Torsion
Introduction :
Deflection by strain energy method.
Evaluation of strain energy in member under different loading.
Application of strain energy method for different types of structure.
Prerequisite knowledge for Complete learning of Topic:
Calculation of Strain Energy
Axial Force
Bending Moment
Shear Force
Twisting Moment
Detailed content of the Lecture:
Strain Energy
When external loads are applied on an elastic body they deform.
The work done is transformed into elastic strain energy U that is stored in the body.
We will develop expressions for the strain energy for different types of loads.
Axial Force :
Consider a member of length L and axial rigidity AE subjected to an axial force P applied
gradually as shown in the Figure 1.
The strain energy stored in the member will be equal to the external work done by the
axial force i.e
2
1
1
PL P L
U=
P = P
=
2
2
AE 2 AE

Figure 1 Member subjected to axial force

Bending Moment:
Consider a beam of length L and flexural rigidity EI subjected to a general loading as
shown in Figure 4.25. Consider a small differential element of length, dx

 The energy stored in the small element is given by

1
1
M
M2
du= M d= M
dx=
dx
2
2
EI
2 EI
The total strain energy in the entire beam will be
L
M2
u=
dx
0 2 EI

Figure 2 Member under bending

Shear Force:
The strain energy stored in the member due to shearing force is expressed by
L

u=
0

V
dx
2 G As

Where V is the shearing force; and GAs is the shearing rigidity of the member.
Twisting Moment:
The strain energy stored in the member due to twisting moment is expressed by
L

T2
dx
0 2 GJ
Where T is the twisting moment; and GJ is the torsional rigidity of the member.
Problem
1. A cantilever, 8m long, carrying a point loads 5 KN at the center and an udl of 2 KN/m for
a length 4m from the end B. If EI is the flexural rigidity of the cantilever find the reaction
at the prop.
Solution:
u=

To find Reaction at the prop, R (in KN)

Portion AC: ( origin at A )
4

U1
0

Rx 2 dx
2 EI

R2 x3

6 EI

64 R 2 32 R 2

6 EI
3EI

Portion CB: ( origin at C )

Bending moment Mx = R (x+4) 5x 2x2/2
= R (x+4) 5x x2
4
M x 2 dx
U2
2 EI
0
Total strain energy = U1 +U2

U
0
R

At the propped end

4
U 64 R
M x dM x

x
dx
R 3EI 0 EI
dR

64 R 1

3EI EI

=
64 R 1

3EI EI

64 R 1

3EI EI

R x 4 5 x
4

x 2 ( x 4)dx

R x 4
4

5 x x 4 x 2 ( x 4) dx

R x
4

8 x 16 5( x 2 4 x ) ( x 3 4 x 2 ) dx

64 R 1 x 3
x3
x 4 4x 3

4 x 2 16 x 5( 2 x 2 ) (
)
R
3EI EI 3
3
4
3

64 R 64
64
256 256
R
64 64 5(
32) (

)
3
3
3
4
3

= 21.33 R + (149.33R 266.67 149.33)

= 21.33 R + (149.33 R 416)
21.33 R +149.33 R 416 =0
R = 2.347 KN

Video Content / Details of website for further learning (if any):

http://www.nptel.ac.in/courses/105101085/downloads/lec-25.pdf
Important Books/Journals for further learning including the page nos.:
R.K.Bansal Strength of materials,2015 Sixth edition-165

Subject Teacher

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