Sei sulla pagina 1di 35

Ezbet EL Hagana Case Study

Reflections on results of joint


students project between Ain Shams
University & Cologne University of
Applied Sciences (PartNaR)

Supervised by
Dr. Marwa A. Khalifa
Formal and informal settlements in Cairo (UN-HABITAT, 2008)

Ezbet El Haggana - Location


Located in north-east of Cairo
governorate.
More than a million inhabitants
living in the area (UNFPA, 2007).
Ezbet el Haggana was at the
beginning a village for the families
of coast guard soldiers stationed
nearby. Then informal residential
community started to grow and
usually constructed under the
process of hand claim. without
any legal documents

Map showing Ezbet el Haggana location (circle)


in Cairo Governorate (GTZ, 2009)

Main
Entrance

Army
area

Formal
settlement

Army
area

Unsafe zone
under high voltage
transmission lines

Formal
settlement
Formal
settlement

Hassan El Mouelhi

Map showing the area of Ezbet el Haggana (dotted line) and the
adjacent areas

Main
Entrance

Army area
Army area

Formal settlement

Unsafe zone
under high voltage
transmission lines

Formal settlement
Formal settlement

Hassan El Mouelhi

Recent buildings on the periphery in Ezbet el Haggana

The whole process of the study methods and results

Methodology
1. Data acquisition:
Literature review
Data observation in three dimensions: physical, economical, and sociocultural:
First observation is conducted to appreciate the present situation of the
inhabitants living conditions and the environment of the area
Unsorted data in each dimension is collected.
Qualitative data collection
Interview (aim to interview the internal stakeholders)
Presentations(Two external stakeholders gave presentations on their role
and responsibility; a governmental agency, the Informal Settlement
Development Facility (ISDF))
2. Stakeholders identification (External/internal- Primary secondary and Key
ones)
3. Perspectives of stakeholders analysis (interest/conflict and conditions of
power)

Physical current Situation


Water Supply:
The Association for Health and Environmental Development
(AHED) reported in 2007 that more than 50 percent of the
households are not connected to a formal water distribution
network and rely on informal and unsustainable water
delivery.
AHED (2007) collected data from the interviews that the
water quality of formal water system is unclean, colour and
smell which may contaminated by the leakages of the old
sewed pipes or informal sewage disposal systems. Moreover,
many inhabitants believe that the unclean water supply is a
reason of their illnesses especially the repeated diarrhea,
chronic renal diseases and renal failure

Sewage system:
Sewage is the biggest problem as it accumulates in the lower
levels and creates risk of explosion.
According to the data of AHED (2007), less than 50 percent of
households are connected to formal sewage system in the area.
The existing connection is mainly a result of an official Canadian
funding project superintended by one internal NGO.

Electricity:
Electricity tampering is
conducted in the area by
households that have no legal
connection.
However, there are Some
households having electricity
connection with the supply
from the State which can be
noticed from the meter in
front of the houses .
The power lines frequently
fire roof-top of households
underneath because of
spontaneous combustion and
the easily ignited roof
materials such as straw, rags
or wood (AHED, 2007).

Waste management:
There is no existing formal garbage
collection system in the area.
However, there is one family collects and
classifies garbage and sells sorted
garbage for recycling. (AHED, 2007).

Housing conditions:
The buildings under construction still
present over the whole area .
The structure of buildings is
considerably good.
However, without any plan or
regulation, the buildings have poor light
and ventilation; while the areas have
narrow unpaved streets with no open
spaces and few public services

Buildings under construction in


Ezbet el Haggana

Simon Witti

Wityada Techadisai

House number and the designs of the buildings

Wityada Techadisai

Street condition and


transportation:
There are 2main entrances to Ezbet el
Haggana.
There are few main streets which
approximately 10-12 metres long; but
many small streets with around 3-4
metres length
All streets in the area are unpaved
and have no street light.
Tuk Tuk is introduced as a mean of
transport inside the quarter since last
year.
A carriage drawn by a horse or
donkey is also used for transporting
goods.

Two main streets of Ezbet el Haggana, El Tahrir and Al


Mazraa

Tuk Tuk and horse carriage are used in Hagana

Educational Services
According to the data of AHED (2007),
there are two primary schools in
Ezbet el Haggana. However, they are
not sufficient for the students in the
area and their infrastructures.
There are some private schools and
educational centres which also
providing summer courses in Ezbet el
Haggana where only children from
middle-income families can attend
and they arent in a good condition.

The private school (up) and the learning


environment provided by local NGO (down)

Socio-Economic:
The ground floors of the buildings in main
streets out there are mostly commercial
activities which can be split into retailing
and manufacturing.
The retailing can be often seen , the
manufacturing is rarely found.
However, most income is generated on a
daily basis, which can have impact on
limiting the planning of investments.
Many small industries and productive
activities in Ezbet el Haggana interrelate
to formal economic activities in the city.
Retail shops

The capital flow in the area also bases on


the ongoing construction.

Commercial and manufacturing activities


are the second basis for the generation of
income in the quarter.
Also one of the socio-economic positive
features existing there is the microcrediting system based on mutual trust
and control through social capital,
enables investments beyond the
individual budget.
In addition, the informal business allows
people to spare expenditures for taxes
which on the other hand, can encourage
bribe to perform business.

Car maintenance service and


home decoration shop

Health risks:
Inhabitants living in unhealthy
environment and constant presence of
pathogenic micro-organisms may have
health risks arise from poor sanitation,
lack of clean water, poorly ventilated
living and working condition, and from
air and industrial pollution (UNFPA,
2007).
Moreover, There is one sector of the
area that has the high voltage
transmission lines over the
households. The high voltage
transmission lines cause the most
dangerous zone and the lowest land
price for that part of the Ezbet El
Haggana.

Wityada Techadisai

Simon Witti

conditions that can cause health


risks to inhabitants

Data analysis
SWOT analysis:

Four
elements of
SWOT matrix

The cross-cutting process of SWOT analysis to identify core issues

Structuring of field information into


SWOT and deriving core issues
The physical dimension SWOT:
1-Strengths:
Most houses seem to have access to electricity and clean water
Water and electricity seem to be provided by the state against payment
The structure of buildings is of strong nature and for permanent stay
There seems to be a strong reuse of construction materials
At the entrance to the quarter at Suez road, there are transportation stations for
mobility between el Haggana and the city
The main streets have a width of up to 12 meters, offering enough space for heavy
transport vehicles and car traffic when roads are paved, allowing pedestrians to
walk onto streets.
Streets for only residential use are even smaller size, allowing for more quite areas
Private primary schools are there for education of middle-income families
Garbage is collected and partly separated for further reuse
There are some small open green spaces

Structuring of field information into


SWOT and deriving core issues
The physical dimension SWOT:
2- weaknesses
no drainage systems in buildings (though that fact couldnt be clarified in total)
The current sewage system is not able to remove the amounts of wastewater,
leading to regular flooding of Tahrir street.
The majority of buildings seem to obtain its electricity through informal (illegal)
connection
The roads are not paved and rough, making transport more difficult and causing
dust devils encouraging sprinkling of roads necessary in front of cafs and terraces
and by thus increases water consumption.
There is only one public clinic in the quarter
lack of public primary and secondary schools
no police station in the quarter
The people, living beneath the high voltage lines suffer from health hazards
Reused bricks may not be as strong as new ones, causing fragile walls.
Garbage is present all over streets and only rarely collected

Structuring of field information into


SWOT and deriving core issues
The physical dimension SWOT:
3-The opportunities:
there is still potential for the construction of further living space, to take up new
incomers
There will be new occupation possibilities available at the currently built new
hospital
There are community based development projects in place
A signal tower eases communication via mobile phones
The widespread skills in construction allow for a greater independence
4-Threats:
The close vicinity as well as height of buildings leads to a high population density,
bearing a great load on infrastructure services.
High voltage lines may rip and cause severe electricity accidents.
The mobile phone signal tower may have negative impacts on peoples health.
Tuk Tuks, mostly driven by children, might be subject to a higher risk of accidents.

Structuring of field information into


SWOT and deriving core issues
The economic dimension - SWOT
1-The strengths:
Most people earn money outside the quarter.
Commuters get to their work place and back via a microbus system.
The economic strength of the quarter is partly built on the still ongoing construction
cycle; the expenses for construction (except for building materials) do not leave the
quarter, but stay inside and enable construction workers to earn money for their
families.
Commercial and manufacturing activities are the second basis for the generation of
income in the quarter.
A crediting system based on mutual trust and control through social capital, enables
investments beyond the individual budget.
The informal business environment allows the people to spare expenditures for
taxes, Those savings add to the households budget
There is a skilful labour force available in the quarter

Structuring of field information into


SWOT and deriving core issues
The economic dimension - SWOT
2-The weaknesses:
The economic activities, beside construction are concentrated at the fringes of the
quarter.
Informality of business may augment insecurity regarding return of investment and
job opportunities.
The quarters reputation and by that economic exchange with the surrounding
areas might suffer from the prevailing perception of Ezbet el Haggana.
The area beneath the high voltage lines suffers a lack of investment for proper
housing, the people living there might be limited in their economic abilities due to
health issues.
Most income is generated on a daily basis, limiting the planning of investments.
The inhabitants do not support the meaning of paying taxes.
Working conditions may not be safe, increasing the risk of accidents.
The lack of formal vocational training reduces the younger peoples chances to get a
job in the formal labour market.
The location of the quarter at the outer fringes of the Cairo city agglomeration
increases transportation times and raises prices of goods due to a long supply chain

Structuring of field information into SWOT


and deriving core issues
The economic dimension - SWOT
3-opportunities
There is a still growing construction and commercial business ongoing, creating new
job and income opportunities.
The construction of new bypassing roads increases local job opportunities.
There is no formal process for financial investment, decisions and transactions can
be done easier.
An introduction of tax payments can help to formalize the quarter, namely the
facilitation of public services, supporting business activities.
The newly introduced Tuk-Tuk allows for transportation even in the smaller streets.
The currently changing political situation may have a positive impact on the
business activities in the quarter.
4-Threats
In case of an increasing formalization of the quarter, there might be the risk of
higher rents .
Child labour hinders children from education, decreasing their job opportunities
later on.
The limited array of skills found in the quarter might impact on the size of wages,
when demand for labour increases.

Structuring of field information into SWOT


and deriving core issues
The socio-cultural dimension SWOT:
1-strengths
Peoples aspirations towards an improvement of their livelihoods are high, giving way
to optimistic planning.
Wide and well-connected entrances facilitate exchange and communication with the
surrounding areas and the city.
A sufficient pre-educational infrastructure through nurseries and NGO-led activities
creates a basis for the further acquisition of knowledge.
There seem to be good relations between people of different religions
The outer area seems to be understood as a common home place (e.g. indicated by
visibly hanging out clothes for drying) supporting social cohesion.
The NGO is a well-known institution with a great influence in the area.
2-Weaknesses:
There are no strong ties across residents with different origins.
The quality of education given is not sufficient, when compared to formal school
teachings.
People living underneath the high voltage lines may not be well connected to the
other parts of the quarter.
Public primary and secondary schools are geographically far away, hampering access
to formal education.

Structuring of field information into SWOT


and deriving core issues
The socio-cultural dimension SWOT:
3- opportunities
The construction of a new hospital raises hopes for better medical treatments
The younger generations aspirations towards a better future life raise productivity.
Positive recognition of NGO may support future participatory approaches.
4- The threats
Many mosques lack formally approved supervision and by thus may negatively impact
on the quality of religious education.
The meaning of the whole area to be a common home place without a real public
space may reduce externals ability and willingness to invest in the area.
There is no offer by the government to the people to participate in an upgrading
process.

The core issues, thus the assets, assumed to be


most important to the inhabitants, derived by
cross-cutting dimensions and SWOT-elements
are as follows:
Connectivity and accessibility
Physical and social infrastructure
Informal economic capital and income
(income generation and gap)
Communication between stakeholders
Social capital
Aspirations.

Data analysis
Stakeholder identification
All concerned actors to Ezbet el Haggana is listed and classified as internal
and external stakeholders which then in the next step the relations of
them and the core issues will be analysed.

Internal stakeholders :
Internal stakeholders include inhabitants who live and work in Ezbet el
Haggana and commuters who either live or work in the area. Internal
stakeholders are classified as follows.
(1) high income - low income (based on economic status)
(2) Families
(3) Local jobs commuters (places of work)
(4) Non-governmental organization (NGO)/Community-based
organization (CBO)
(5) Unsafe population
(6) New comers

External stakeholders :
External stakeholders comprise of actors who neither live nor work in the
area, but have other concerns to the area; for example, land ownership
and infrastructure services. This includes public and private agencies,
NGOs, international organizations and civil societies.
(1) Informal Settlement Development Facility (ISDF) Public
agency
(2) Electricity Authority Public agency
(3) Ministries Public agency
(4) Cairo Governorate Public agency
(5) Army Public agency
(6) Parliament Public agency
(7) Madinet Nasr for Housing and Development - Private company
(8) Neighbouring communities civil society

Data analysis
Stakeholder Matrix :
Aiming find out the relations between core issues and stakeholders in the
stakeholder matrix based on interest/conflict of stakeholder on core issues
and power relation of stakeholders on core issues.
A result from this matrix can be used as a fundamental for conducting or
performing recommendation, action plan, urban planning or decision
making.

Figure showing Stakeholder matrix


used for analysing the relations
between core issues and
stakeholders.

Impact of core issues on internal stakeholders

Remark:

Impact of internal and external stakeholders on core


issues

Remark:

Power Vs.Interest Matrix

Data analysis
Stakeholder relation analysis

Figure showing The distribution of stakeholder


relationships

The stakeholder power


analysis

Thank You

Potrebbero piacerti anche