Internal

WCDMA Core Network

Overview
ISSUE 1.0

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Chapter1 Core Network Evolution

Chapter2 R99 Core Network
Chapter3 R4 Core Network
Chapter4 R5 Core Network

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Definition of Core Network

CN includes a series of physical entities to realize user location

management, network function and service control, such as (G)MSC, HLR,

SCP, SMC,GSN etc.
CN can be divided into three types: Home Network Domain, Transit Network

Domain and Transit Network Domain. Ref. is 3GPP 23.101.

Home
Network
Domain
[ Zu]
Cu

Uu

Iu

[ Yu]

Serving
Network
Domain

USIM
Domain

Mobile
Equipment
Domain

Access Network Domain

User Equipment Domain

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Transit
Network
Domain
Core Network Domain

Infrastructure Domain

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Release Evolution of WCDMA

Inherit all the services and

functions of 2G ( GSM
and GPRS )
CN is composed of CS
domain and PS domain

Adopt WCDMA UTRAN

Iu interface between RAN

and CN is based on ATM

Inherit all the services and

functions of R99
CS domain change: control is
separated from bearer, the
function of MSC can be fulfilled
by MSC SERVER and MGW.
Packet voice supported by CS
domain, supporting ATM, IP,
TDM bearer

Inherit all the services

and functions of R4

IM domain is adopted

RAN evolved to IP

Enhanced IP QoS ability ,

supporting end to end IP
multimedia service

R5
R4
R99

2000

2001

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2002
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function frozen time

Questions
What functions can CN provide?
What is the WCDMA first version? How about the features?
Which domain in WCDMA R4 can implement the function of

control separated from bearer?

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Chapter1 Core Network Evolution

Chapter2 R99 Core Network
Chapter3 R4 Core Network
Chapter4 R5 Core Network

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R99 Network Architecture

Gi

PSTN

GMSC

GGSN

AuC

Gc

HLR

PSTN
D
G
VLR

Gn
Gr

EIR
F

VLR

Gf
Gs

MSC

Gp

SGSN
MSC

CN
Gb

IuCS

IuPS

PCU

BSS

RNS
Iur

BSC

RNC

Abis

Iub

BTS

Node B
cell

BTS

Um

RNC
Node B

Uu

MS

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UE

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R99 Network Architecture

MSC/VLR
GSM /GPRS BSS

PSTN
ISDN

GMSC

BSC
HLR/AUC

BTS

PCU

SCE

SS7

RNC

SMS
NodeB

SCP

Internet,
Intranet

GPRS/

UTRAN

SGSN

CG

GGSN
BG
Other PLMN

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R99 Core NetworkFeatures and Technologies

Core Network is split into CS domain and PS domain. CS domain

is based on original GSM network. PS domain is based on

original GPRS network.
CS domain: used to provide Circuit-switched service. Network

mode can support TDM, ATM and IP. Physical entities include
switching equipment (such as MSC/VLR, GMSCs), and interworking equipment (IWF).
PS domain: used to provide Packet-switched service. Network

mode is IP. Physical entities include SGSN, GGSN, CG , BG etc.

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R99 Core networkFunction Entity(1)

Function entity shared by CS domain and PS :

HLR: to realize mobile subscriber management and

location information management ;
VLR: to deal with all kinds of data information of current
mobile subscriber ;
AUC: to store authentication information of mobile
subscriber ;
EIR: to store IMEI data of mobile subscriber;
SMS: Short Message Center.

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R99 Core networkFunction Entity(2)

Function entity of CS domain:

MSC: to realize switching and signaling control function of

circuit service.
GMSC: to realize addressing function for different network.
GMSC and MSC can be integrated together or separated
independently.
IWF: integrated together with MSC, to realize inter-working
with PLMN and ISDN, PSTN , PDN (Mainly complete
signaling transfer function), its functions can be defined
based on specified services and network types.

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R99 Core NetworkFunction Entity(3)

Function entity of PS domain:

SGSN: to realize packet switching function, signaling

control function and route function of packet service.
GGSN: to realize inter-working with PS domain and
external data network.
CG: to realize billing function of packet service.
BG: to realize inter-working of two GPRS network and
guarantee the security of network.

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R99 Core NetworkInterface(1)

Interface between CN and RAN/BSS:

A Interface: to realize mobile station management, base station

management, mobility management and call processing, etc.
Gb interface: to realize packet data transmit and mobility
management.
Iu-CS interface: to realize RNS management, mobility
management and call control function.
Iu-PS interface: its basic function is similar to Iu-CS interface.

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R99 Core NetworkInterface(2)

CS internal interface:

B interface (MSC-VLR): A private interface between VLR

and MSC. It is used for the MSC to query the current
location information of a Mobile Station (MS) from the Visit
Location Register (VLR), or request the VLR to update the
current location information of the MS or is used for the
operations of supplementary services.
C interface (MSC-HLR): to get MSRN, the IN service
related subscriber status and location information.

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R99 Core NetworkInterface(3)

D interface (VLR-HLR): used to exchange the location
information of the MS and the subscriber management
information.
E interface ( between MSC): to be used for handover
process between two MSCs.
F interface (MSC-EIR) : to be used for EIR to verify IMEI
status information of mobile equipment.
G interface (between VLR): to exchange IMSI and
authentication information when MS moves from one VLR
to another VLR.

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Questions
Whats the functions of R99 core network elements ?
Which interfaces do we have in the R99 core network ?

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Chapter1 Core Network Evolution

Chapter2 R99 Core Network
Chapter3 R4 Core Network
Chapter4 R5 Core Network

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Chapter3 R4 Core Network

Section 1 Networking and Interface
Section 2 R4 Features

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R4 Network Architecture
HLR/EIR
GMLC/SMLC

SMS-C

MAP

MAP

MAP
SCP

CAP

SIGTRAN
SS7

GMSC Server

BICC

PSTN/ISDN

VMSC Server

MAP

RANAP

UTRAN

BSSAP

AAL2

TDM

BSS

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TDM/G.711

H.248

GSM/R99PLMN

MGW

MGW
RTP(AAL2)/AMR

TDM/G.711

IP(ATM)
BackBone

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IP network

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R4 Core NetworkFunction Entities

MSC Server: control layer, to realize MM (mobility

management), CM ( call control), MGC (media gate control) .

MGWbearer layer, to realize the exchange of voice and

media flow, and provide all kinds sources, such as TC, EC,
play announcement and receive DTMF.
SG: to realize signaling transfer from MTP (SS7 transmission

layer) to SCTP/IP (SIGTRAN transmission layer).

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R4 Core NetworkInterface and Protocol (1)

/ISUP/TUP
MTP3

MTP3B

M3UA

MTP2

SSCF/SSCOP

SCTP

MTP1

AAL5/ATM

IP

MSC
Server

Nc

GMSC
Server
H.248

Mc

Mc

SCTP

Nb

IP

MGW

MGW

RTP

AAL2

Voice

UDP/IP

ATM

PCM

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UDP

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MTP3B

SSCF/SSCOP/AAL5

R4 Core NetworkInterface and Protocol (2)

Mc interface ((G)MSC ServerMGW) : H.248 is adopted, to

realize the flexible connection processing for multi call mode,

multi media
Nc interface (MSC Server(G)MSC Server) : to realize the

inter-office call control. It adopts BICC protocol

Nb interface ( Between MGWs)to realize the transfer of

control and user information (voice, data, picture, media) in

bearer layerand realize the transfer of different media frame
format. RTP/UDP/IP and AAL2/ATM protocol is adopted.

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Chapter3 R4 Core Network

Section 1 Networking and Interface

Section 2 R4 Features

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Bearer and Control Separated

MSC

Control
Layer

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Bearer
Layer

H.248

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Four-layer Architecture
Service Management

Policy
Server

iOSS

App Server

MRS

IN

Network Control
SoftSwitch

Core Switching

SoftSwitch

Packet Core Network

S

IAD

Edge Access

UMG

AMG

Broadband
Access

SG

PSTN

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3G Access

TMG

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UMG

PLMN

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Embedded SGSave transmission link

GMLC/SMLC

HLR/EIR

SMS-C

MAP

MAP

MAP
SCP

CAP

SG7000

SS7 network

GMSC Server

BICC

PSTN

VMSC Server
MAP

RANAP

UTRAN

BSSAP

AAL2
TDM

BSS

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TDM/G.711

H.248

GSM/R99PLMN

MGW

MGW
RTP(AAL2)/AMR

TDM/G.711

IP(ATM)
BackBone

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IP

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Centralized Service Control

New Service

Server

MGW

MGW
MGW

MGW MGW

MGW

MGW

Service is combined with MSC.

Service is not combined with MGW.

Most of services need to upgrade all MSCs.

Service upgrade only relates to server layer.

MSCs locates dispersedly, difficult to upgrade.

Centralized service management, easy to upgrade.

Traditional Network
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Next Generation Network

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Distributed ArchitectureFlexible networking

The advantage of distributed networking

Traffic route is the best, network performance is the best.

Mostly suitable for the operators with wide coverage.

Traditional network
Inter-working mode.

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Distributed network
inter-working mode.

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Questions
Whats the advantage of embedded SG ?
Whats the advantage of R4 core network ?

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Chapter1 Core Network Evolution

Chapter2 R99 Core Network
Chapter3 R4 Core Network
Chapter4 R5 Core Network

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Chapter4 R5 Core Network

Section 1 R5 Networking

Section 2 SIP Introduction

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R5 Network Architecture
CS domain

IP/ATM Backbone

MGW

GSM /GPRS BSS

PSTN/PLMN

MGW

VMSC Server GMSC Server

BSC

HLR/AUC/HSS

BTS

Iu-CS
PCU

SCE

SS7

RNC

SMS

SCP
NodeB

Iu-PS
SGSN

UTRAN

Internet,
Intranet

GPRS
backbone

GGSN

PS
domain

MGW

CG

MGCF

BG
IP backbone

S-CSCF

P-CSCF
MRFC
MRFP

IMS domain

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R5 Features
3GPP R5 Features:

Inherit all the WCDMA R4 service and functions.

IMS ( IP Multimedia System) is added based on PS, CS of R5 is
consistent with that of R4.
Iu interface can select IP and ATM. IP based is a trend of networking.
IP QoS is enhanced.
Services are enhanced, such as OSAPush Service
R5 realizes ALL IP network put forward by 3GPP.

IP will become the bearing technology for all signaling message and

change the original call flow.

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R5 Core NetworkIMS (1)

IP Multimedia Networks

Legacy mobile signalling Networks

PSTN
Mb

Mb

PSTN

BGCF

PSTN

CSCF

Mk

IMS main function entity:

Mm

Mk
Mw

Mj

BGCF

C, D, Gc, Gr

Mi
Cx

IMS-MGW

MGCF

CSCF

Mg

Mn

Mr

Mb

MRFP

MRFC

P - CSCF

Mb

S-CSCF

SLF

I-CSCF
HSS

UE

Gq

Mb

SLF
IMS

PDF
Go
Iu-PS

GGSN

PS

WLAN
- or IP-CAN

UTRAN

UE

Iu-CS

MSC

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BGCF
MGCF/IM MGW

Gi

Gn

SGSN

P-CSCF

HSS

Gm

Mp

Mb

Dx

Mw

CSCF

MRFC/MRFP
AS

PDF/PEF

CS

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R5 Core NetworkIMS (2)

CSCFCall Session Control Function

Is divided into P/S/I three types based on its function and location.
P-CSCF(Proxy CSCF)It is the first connection point for subscriber in IMS and
provide Proxy function. It can receive service request and transfer them, but can
not modify the Request URI field in INVITE message; P-CSCF also can provide
user agent function (UA), it can interrupt and independently produce SIP
conversion at abnormal case.
S-CSCF(Serving CSCF)S-CSCF is the core control of IMS, it is responsible for
UE to register, authenticate and conservation control, realize conservation route
function for calling and called IMS user. According to subscriber signed IMS
triggered rule, it can trigger the value added service route to AS and control service
negotiation.
I-CSCF(Interrogating CSCF): similar as IMS gateway node, provide node
distribution, route query and IMS Topology Hiding Inter-network function.

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R5 Core NetworkIMS (3)

HSS:The Home Subscriber Server.

HSS stores the IMS subscriber signed information, including basic identity,
route information and service signed info. Centralized database, located at
the top of IMS core network. It stores the following information:
IMS subscriber identity (including public and private identity), number
and address information.
IMS subscriber security context: ciphering information for subscriber to
access network for authentication, roaming restrict information.
IMS subscriber route information: HSS supported route information,
registration information and location information.
IMS subscriber service signed information: including other AS value
added service data.

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Chapter4 R5 Core Network

Section 1 R5 Networking

Section 2 SIP Introduction

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SIP Development
SIPSession Initiation Protocol:

It is application layer control protocol, used to setup, modify, and terminate

multimedia session (including meeting). For example, internet telephone call.
Originally derived from MBone experiment in 1996.

In 1999, It was adopted as RFC2543 standard by IETF-MMUSIC work

group.
In 1999, SIP work group was established independently, later, two work
group named as SIPPING and SIMPLE was newly set up, which is
mainly devoted to SIP.
In the July of 2002, it is turned to the new standard RFC3261.
Most of the content was re-written. It is more clear and precise and
some new features were added.
Most of contents keep the backward compliance with RFC2543.

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SIP Features
Based on text code.
Only concern about setup, modify and terminate the conservation. SIP-

URL is uesd to indicate the resources or subscribers needed to be

visited.
Flexible extended and powerful negotiation mechanism: Supported,

Unsupported, Require, ProxyRequire, Allow, Accept...

Simple networking provides the flexibility, reliability and expandability.

Relay equipment (Proxy and Redirecter) need not to care about the
message content, just transfer transparently.

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Questions

What is the difference between R5 and R4?

Whats the network element of IMS?

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Summary

This course mainly introduces the R99,

Summary

R4, R5 evolution and each features.

The emphasis is R4 network.

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Thank You
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