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Indian Standard
COMMENTARY ON
INDIAN STANDARD SCHEDULES FOR
WROUGHT STEELS
2 CARBON STEELS ( UNALLOYED
CCOMPLEMENTARY
TO IS : 1570 ( PART
PART
STEELS)
2)-19791
First Revision )
UDC
BUREAU
OF
669.14CO83.4)
INDIAN
STANDARDS
February
1988
Indian Standard
INDIAN
COMMENTARY
ON
STANDARD SCHEDULES
WROUGHT STEELS
( First Revision
Alloy
Steels
and Special
Steels
Sectional
FOR
STEELS)
2 )-1979 ]
Commil.tee,
SMIX
19
Repmscnting
Steel Authority
Ministry
) (
of Railways
Alternate)
Federation
of Engineering
New Delhi
Industries
of
Howrah
Ltd. Ranchi
Directorate
General
of Supplies
( inspection Wing ), New Delhi
&
Disposals
India,
Mishra
Dhatu Nigam
Alloy
Ltd, Hyderabad
Alternate)
( Continuedon pagr 2 )
BUREAU
(8 Gygri~ht
OF INDIAN
1988
STANDARDS
This publication is protected under the Indian Cbpyrig/n Act ( XIV of 1957 ) and
reproduction in whole or in part by any meam except with written permirsion of the
publisher shall be deemed to be an infringement of copyright under the said Act.
Represeating
Modern Steel Ltd, Mandi Gobind Garh
Alloys Steels Plant ( SAIL ) , Durgspur
IndianRegister
of Shipping, Bombay
S~BI R. C. JHA
Sxstx S. KV~AR
SEE1 VIPON CEOPRA ( LikrnUlc)
Ministry of Defence ( R & D )
Da D. P. LAEIRI
SEW I. N. BEATIA (Alternate )
Directorate
General of Technical
Development,
SHBI LAXMAN MISERA
New Delhi
SERI S. S. KROSLA ( Alternat* )
Tata _ron & Steel Co Ltd, Jamshedpur
DR T. MVREERJEE
Snnx A. N. MITRA ( Altrmatr )
Tata
Engineering
&
Locomotive
Co
Ltd,
DR S. K. MOPFDAL
Jamshedpur
DR P. G., REN~VIKER ( Altrrrratr )
Steel Furnace Association of India, Calcutta
SHBI D. B. MORORIL
DR K. SVBRAXANYAX
(Al&trots)
Mahindra Ugine Steel Co Ltd, Bombay
SHRI P. NARAIN
SERI C. R. SHARMA ( dlfcrnatr )
Firth ( India ) Steel Co Ltd, Thane
SHBI I. K. NAYAR
SERI K. A. SHEROY ( Alternate )
Alloy Steel Producers
Association
of India,
DR_R. V. PATEY
Bombay
Visvesvaraya Iron & Steel Ltd, Bhadravati
SHRI G. R. PRAKASE
SHRI B. HARIDAS ACHAR ( Alternate)
Mini;;;st;Lteel
St Mines ( Iron & Steel Control ),
SHRI M. K. PRAMANIIC
SHRI S. S. SAHA ( Alternate )
SEBI RA~HUBIB SSN~n
National
Metallurgical
Laboratory
Jamshedpur
Addison & Co Ltd, Madras
SHRI S. RAJAQOPALAN
SHBI V. SRINIVASAN ( dltrrnntc )
Research
& Development
Ccntre
for
DRV. RAXASWAMY
Steel ( SAIL ), Ranchi
SERI S. R. MEDIRATTA ( Altcmatr )
HMT Ltd
SHRI H. S. RAMCRAND~A
SKI P. RAYA PRAEAD ( Altamatr I )
SHBI A. SHIIPT~~AY
( Altrrnatr 11)
Sasr V. N. VENKATEWN
( Altrrnatc III )
Modi Steels, Modi Nagar
REPRESENTATIVE
Ministry of Defence ( DC1 )
Sxnr M. K. SIN
SHBI K. L. CHAKRABORTY ( Altwnatr )
Z4rtn1B.K. SEARMAE
Ministry of Defence ( OFB )
SHRI A. K. BANGA ( Alternate )
SHBI K. RAQHAVENDBAN,
Director General, RIS ( I%-o&h Memhr )
Director ( Strut & Met )
( CSIR ),
Iron
&
Sscrerary
Sam S. K. PANJA
Assistant Director (-Metals ), BIS
( Ontinurd on pogr 12 )
Indian Standard
COMMENTARY
ON
INDIAN STANDARD SCHEDULES
WROUGHT STEELS
PART 2 CARBON STEELS (UNALLOYED
[COMPLEMENTARY
TO IS : 1578(PART
FOR
STEELS)
2)-1979-J
( First Revision )
0. FOREWORD
0.1 This Indian
Slandnrd
( Part 2 ) (F&t Revision)
was adopted by the
Bureau~of Indian Standards
on 25 May 1987, after the draft finalized
by the Alloy Steels and Special Steels. Sectional
Committee
had been
approved by the Structulal
;snd Metals Division Council.
0.2 Commenta1.y
on Indian
Standard
engineering
purposes was first published
IS : 1570-1961.
a.3 With
necessary
0.4 The
the revision
of IS : 1570
to revise IS : 1871-1965t.
following
major
wrought
steels
for general
in 1965 as complementary
to
into
modifications
different
parts,
it was
felt
in this revision.
a) Steel
designations
has been
modified
in accordance
with
IS : 1762 (Part
1 )-1974:.
However,
for the sake of easy
identification,
old designations
are also given within brackets.
b) The
various
grades
deleted
or added
in the
IS : 1570 ( Part 2 )-19785 have been taken care of.
0.5 This part covers carbon
steels
and related mechanical
properties.
with specified
chcmic;tl
revision
cnmpnsitiorl
*Commentary
on Indian
Standard
khcdules
for wrought
steels for
engineering purposes.
tSchedules
for wrought steels for general engineering purposes.
$Code for designation of steels: Part 1 Based on letter symbols (firsf revision).
Schedulcs for wrought steels: Part 2 Carbon steels ( unalloyed steels ).
of
general
IS : 1871 ( Part
2 ) - 1987
and carbon-manganese
carbon
c) Alloy
steels including
tempering and case hardening,
for
hardening
and
d) High alloy steels and stain!ess and heat resisting steels including
valve steels,
e) Carbon
1. SCOPE
1.1. This commentary
( Part 2 ) covers carbon steels with specified
chemical composition and related mechanical properties.
1.1.1 The chemical
1.1.2 Typical
Appendix A.
composition
uses of the
steels covered
1.
TABLE
SPECIFIED
(PART
FOR
1.1.1 )
STEEL DESIGNATION
[Sea IS : 1762
~------h------~
New
LIMITS
1 )-I9741
Percent
MU
Percent
0.10
0.12 Max
915 Max
O-10-0-18
040 Max
040 Max
@50 Max
050 Ma*
O-30-060
040-070
0.20 Max
010-020
030-060
0-60-090
Old
15c4
15C8
2oC8
25C4
25C8
(~25)
(C25Mn75)
-
0.15-025
O-20-O-30
020-030
~60-090
030-060
060-090
3OC8
(C30)
025-035
0%0-090
(C!?%h75)
-
@30-040
030-040
w30-0.60
O-60-0.90
4OC8
45C8
(C4Q
(C45)
0.35045
040-0~50
060.090
0.60~090
5Oc4
5OC8
5oc12
55C4
(-1
(CE5il)
0.45.055
0*45-O-55
O-45-0.55
050-060
030-060
0*60-090
IlO-1.40
030-060
55C8
(C55Mn75)
-
050-0.60
060-090
(C65)
055-065
055-065
mo-0~70
0~30-060
0-50-080
050-080
(C70)
(C75)
cp;-;;
Pw
0.75-0.85
d8$?u&
.
1*05:120
050-0~0
050-080
050~&80
pc$Y;;~
;zz
6OC4
6OC6
6506
7OC6
75C6
8OC6
85C6
98C6
113C6
WO)
* _
W5)
(C98)
(C113)
- _
@50-0.80
2.1.3 Tempering
relieves the internal stresses in heavy section and
spheroidized
the carbides
depending
upon the time and
may
temperature
of the operation.
Annealing
relieves
the stresses
developed during working and improves the ductility.
In high carbon
steels, similar to tempering, it spheroidized the carbides making the
steel better machinable.
2.2 Cold Worked Steels - Cold working involves changes in the
structure of steel by grain distortion and is accompanied by changes
in the mechanical properties due to strain hardening.
When applied
tu bars, tubes, sheets, strips and wire, it is the process of reducing the
cross-sectional
area by cold rolling, cold drawing or cold extrusion.
Cold working is employed to obtain in steel improved mechanical
properties, better machinability,
size accuracy, bright surface, and for
the production ~of thin gauges.
2.2.1 The overall
effect of cold work on steel is to increase its
If cold working is
strength and hardness, and decrease its ductility.
carried out in one direction only, as in cold rolling of sheets or cold
drawing of bars or wire, the cold worked steel gets stronger in the
direction of working than at right angles to it.
tensile
for wrought
steel8
annealed condition,
on subsequent
to develop kinks and stretcher strain
(-unalloyed
steels).
IS : 1871 ( Part
2 ) - 1987
marking
on the surface due to yield phenomenon
occurring
in such
In such cases, the sheets and strips are given a very light cold
steels.
It has negligible
effect ou lhe thickness but
pass after final annealing.
reduces aging tendency
of the steel and improves
the surface quality.
This final cold pass is knowu as skin passing.
2.2.3.2 The yielding in steel is mostly attributed
to some interstitial
atoms like carbon
and nitrogen
which anchor
the dislocations
and
resists their
movements.
At certain
stress level, the dislocations
get
released and yielding occurs in the steel. Many varieties of aluminium
killed low carbon
steels are available
for deep drawing
applications.
Boron treated
semi-killed
varieties
have also been developed and are
Aluminium
and boron combine
available
for certain
applications.
with nitrogen
to form respective
nitrides and make the steel non-aging
type.
2.2.3.3 When
maximum
ductility
for very severe drawing
steels 4C2, 5C2 and 7C4 are
-pressing operations
are required,
specified.
2.2.3.4
Their
Steel
and
often
properties
are
given
cold working,
in
Table
240
200
160
5 120
a
iii
UJ
J
p 80
W
tLIiItm
2(I
40
REOUCTION
Fm. 1
60
80
10 0
f PERCENT)
OF
IS : 1871 ( Part
2 ) - 1987
2.2.5.1 To impove drawing quality and to meet the special requirements of mechanical properties, steei is heat-treated in the form of rod.
The fabrication
of wire and service
The quality of steel.is also vital.
requirements determine the steel-making process to be used.
2.3 Carbon steels ( carbon 025 to 060 ) may also be used in the
hardened and tempered condition.
For details reference may be made
to Part IV of this series where these steels have been discussed along
with alloy steels for hardening and tempering.
APPENDIX
( Clause 1.1.2 )
TYPICAL
USES OF INDIAN STANDARD
STEELS/CARBON
STEELS WITH SPECIFIED
CHEMICAL
GOMPOSITION
AND RELATED
MECHANIUAL
PROPERTIES
Steel
Designation
Dead soft steel generally
4C2
5c4,
7c4,
lOC4
used in electrical
industry.
1OC4, 14C6
15c4
Steel
Designation
Uses
15C8,2OC8, 25C4,
25C8
General
3OC8
35C4
35CFI
4OC8
45C8
5oc4
5OC8
Rail steel.
Also used for making spike bolts, gear
shafts, rocking levers and cylinder liners.
55C4, 55C8
tubes and
IS : 1871( Part
Steel
D esignation
2) - 1987
Typical list-s
6OC4
65C6
7OC6
75C6
ROC6, 85C6
Steels for making flat and coil springs for autoAlso used as girder
mobiles and railway vehicles.
rails.
Valve spring wire and music wire are
special applications of steel C85.
After suitable
heat treatment,
these steels are also used for
making scraper blades,
discs and spring tooth
harrows.
Clutch parts, spring, wood working
saw, band saw, textile and jute machinery parts.
In the oil-hardened
and tempered condition used
for coil or spiral springs, pen nib, volute spring,
gauge, spring cutlery, knitting needle, hacksaw
blades.
IS : 1871~(Part 2 ) - 1987
( Contim66dfrm f.NIgU2 )
Subcommittee
For Revision
of IS : 1570, SMDC
: 5
R6puscnting
Cenucnn
SHBI P. K. CHAKBAVABTY
19
hhabrrs
12
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