2

Fig. 1.1 shows the speed/time graph for a car travelling along a straight road.
The graph shows how the speed of the car changes as the car passes through a small
town.
35

D
30
speed
m/s
A

25

enters
town
here

20

leaves
town
here

15
B

10

0
0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

time / s
Fig. 1.1
(a) Describe what happens to the speed of the car
(i)

between A and B, .....................................................................................................

(ii)

between B and C, .....................................................................................................

(iii)

between C and D. .....................................................................................................

[1]

3
(b) Calculate the distance between the start of the town and the end of the town.

distance = ................................................ [3]

(c) Calculate the acceleration of the car between C and D.

acceleration = ................................................ [3]

(d) State how the graph shows that the deceleration of the car has the same numerical
value as its acceleration.
..........................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................... [1]
[Total: 8]

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2
1

(a) Complete the table below to identify the physical quantities as scalars or vectors.
physical quantity

scalar or vector

speed
velocity
distance
force
kinetic energy
[3]
(b) Fig. 1.1 shows the path of a football as it is kicked along the ground between three players.
The distances between the players are shown on Fig. 1.1.
A
18 m
B
21 m
C
Fig. 1.1
The ball takes 1.2 s to travel from player A to player B.
(i)

Calculate the average speed of the ball between A and B.

average speed = ...........................................................[2]

(ii)

Player B kicks the ball to player C.

It travels with the same average speed.
Calculate the time taken for the ball to travel from B to C.

time = ...........................................................[2]

3
(iii)

Suggest why the speed of the ball might change during its motion from A to B.
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(iv)

Discuss whether the average velocities, from A to B and from B to C, are the same.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
[Total: 9]

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2
Section A
Answer all the questions in this section.

Fig. 1.1 shows the speed-time graph for the first 125 s of the journey of a lorry.

speed
m/s

30
20
10
0
0

20

40

60

80

100

120

time / s
Fig. 1.1
(a) During the motion shown, describe what happens to
(i)

the speed of the lorry,

...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................

(ii)

the acceleration of the lorry.

...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
[4]

(b) Determine the maximum speed of the lorry in m/s and in km/h.

speed = .................................. m/s

speed = ................................ km/h
[2]

3
2

A cyclist starts from rest. He accelerates and then travels at a constant speed. At 12 s, the
cyclist applies the brakes and slows down. Photographs are taken of the cyclist at 4 s
intervals. Fig. 2.1 shows the results.

0s

10

20

4s

distance / m
30

8s

40

50

60

12 s
Fig. 2.1

(a) On Fig. 2.1, draw a possible position of the front wheel of the cycle at 16 s.

[1]

(b) On Fig. 2.2, plot a distance-time graph of the cyclist for the first 16 s.

[4]

60

50

40
distance / m
30

20

10

12

time / s

16

Fig. 2.2
(c) Calculate the average speed of the cyclist during the first 12 s.

average speed = ................................... [2]

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2
Section A
Answer all the questions in this section.

Two athletes, A and B, run a 100 m race. At time t = 0, a gun is fired to start the race.
Fig. 1.1 shows the distance-time graph for the two athletes.

120

B
100
A

80
distance /m
60

40
A

20

10

12

14

16

time / s

Fig. 1.1
(a) Describe the motion of athlete A during the first 8 s of the race.
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................... [2]

3
(b) State the distance between the two athletes as the winner passes the 100 m mark.
.................................................................................................................................... [1]
(c) Calculate the speed of athlete A between t = 4 s and t = 15 s.

speed = ................................................ [2]

[Turn over

11
Section B
Answer two questions from this section.
Use the lined pages provided and, if necessary,
continue on the separate sheets available from the Supervisor.
9

When a car driver sees an emergency ahead, he applies the brakes. During his reaction time the
car travels at a steady speed and covers a distance known as the thinking distance. The braking
distance is the distance travelled by the car after the brakes are applied.
(a) State the energy change that occurs as the car brakes.

[2]

(b) Fig. 9.1 shows the speed-time graph of a car.

The driver sees the emergency at time t = 0.
The total mass of the car is 800 kg.
30
speed 25
m/s
20
15
10
5
0

6
t/s

Fig. 9.1
Determine
(i)

the thinking distance,

[1]

(ii)

the braking distance,

[2]

(iii)

the deceleration of the car during braking,

[2]

(iv)

the force provided by the brakes.

[2]

(c) Using ideas about friction and deceleration, state and explain how the braking distance is
affected by
(i)

using new tyres rather than badly worn tyres,

[2]

(ii)

the car skidding on a wet road,

[2]

(iii)

the car carrying a heavy load of passengers.

[2]
[Turn over

2
Section A
Answer all the questions in this section.

A piece of paper falls from 4.0 m above the ground.

Fig. 1.1 shows how the height h above the ground varies with the time t.
4.0
h/m
3.0

2.0

1.0

0.5

1.0

2.0

1.5
t/s

Fig. 1.1
(a) State what happens to the speed of the paper as it falls.
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [2]
(b) Calculate the speed of the paper at time t = 1.5 s.

speed = [2]
(c) As the paper falls, energy changes from one form to another.
State the main energy change between t = 1.0 s and t = 2.0 s.
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [2]

2
Section A
Answer all the questions in this section. Answer in the spaces provided.
1

Fig. 1.1 shows the speed-time graph of a ball. The ball is dropped at time t = 0.
3.0
2.5
2.0
speed

m/s

1.5
1.0
0.5
0
0

0.04 0.08 0.12 0.16 0.20 0.24 0.28

t /s
Fig. 1.1

(a) After t = 0.20 s, the ball falls at a constant speed.

Explain, using ideas about forces, why the speed of the ball is constant after time
t = 0.20 s.
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) At t = 0, a different ball is dropped from rest. Until t = 0.20 s, this ball has a constant
acceleration equal to the acceleration of free-fall. After t = 0.20 s, its acceleration
decreases.
(i)

State the value of the acceleration of free-fall.

.............................................................................................................................. [1]

(ii)

Determine the speed of the second ball at t = 0.20 s.

speed = ...................................................... [2]

(iii)

On Fig. 1.1, draw the speed-time graph for the second ball from t = 0 to t = 0.28 s.
[2]

12
Section B
Answer two questions from this section. Answer in the spaces provided.

Fig. 9.1 shows a car braking on a road and coming to rest.

Fig. 9.1
(a) Explain what is meant by
(i)

the thinking distance,

..................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................. [1]

(ii)

the braking distance.

..................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) An engineer conducts a test on the car and finds that the braking distance is greater
when the car is fully loaded than when it is unloaded.
(i)

Apart from the road conditions, state what must be kept the same in the test.
.............................................................................................................................. [1]

(ii)

Explain why the car has a greater braking distance when fully loaded.
..................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................. [1]

(c) State and explain how one road condition affects the braking distance of the car. Use
ideas about friction in your answer.
..........................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................... [2]
(d) Explain how wider tyres affect the pressure of the car on the surface of the road.
..........................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................... [1]

13
(e) The car has a total mass of 900 kg and is travelling at 20 m / s. At time t = 0, the driver
sees an accident ahead. He applies the brakes at t = 0.60 s to stop the car. After the
brakes are applied, the car comes to rest in a further 4.0 s.
(i)

Calculate the deceleration of the car as it brakes.

deceleration = ................................ [2]

(ii)

Calculate the braking force acting on the car.

force = ................................ [2]

(iii)

On Fig. 9.2, draw a speed-time graph for the car as it brakes.

[3]
Fig. 9.2
(iv)

State how your graph in (iii) can be used to find the total distance travelled by the
car.
..................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................. [1]

[Turn over

2
Section A
Answer all the questions in this section. Answer in the spaces provided.

Fig. 1.1 shows the speed-time graph for a car.

20
speed
m/s
15

10

0
0

10

15

20

25

30

t /s
Fig. 1.1
At time t = 15 s, the brakes are applied and the car comes to rest with uniform deceleration.
(a) (i)

State the speed of the car just before the brakes are applied.
speed = .......................................................... [1]

(ii)

Explain what is meant by uniform deceleration.

...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................... [2]

(b) A lorry travels at a constant speed of 18 m / s for 15 s. At time t = 15 s, the brakes are applied
and the lorry slows down with the same deceleration as the car.
(i)

On Fig. 1.1, draw the speed-time graph for the lorry.

[2]

(ii)

Explain how your graph shows that, while braking, the lorry travels further than the car.
...........................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................... [1]

10
Section B
Answer two questions from this section. Answer in the spaces provided.

Fig. 9.1 shows a sky-diver falling vertically.

Fig. 9.1
The sky-diver starts from rest at time t = 0.
His acceleration is non-uniform until he reaches a steady speed of 50 m / s at t = 10 s.
He opens his parachute at t = 20 s and decelerates until t = 25 s.
From t = 25 s he falls at a steady speed of 5 m / s.
(a) (i)

On Fig. 9.2, draw the speed-time graph for the sky-diver.

[4]

60

speed
m/s

40

20

10

15

20

25

30

35
t /s

Fig. 9.2
(ii)

State how your graph shows that the acceleration is non-uniform between
t = 0 and t = 10 s.
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[1]

11
(b) Explain, in detail, why after the sky-diver opens his parachute, he decelerates and eventually
reaches a steady speed.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[4]
(c) For the time interval between t = 10 s and t = 20 s, calculate the distance that the
sky-diver falls.

distance = ...........................................................[1]
(d) The mass of the sky-diver is 60 kg.
For the time interval between t = 20 s and t = 25 s,
(i)

calculate the average deceleration of the sky-diver,

average deceleration = .......................................[2]

(ii)

calculate the average resultant force acting on the sky-diver,

force = ................................................................[2]
(iii)

state how your graph in Fig. 9.2 may be used to obtain the distance that the sky-diver
falls.
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[1]

2
Section A
Answer all the questions in this section.
1

Fig. 1.1 shows a car travelling at a uniform speed of 18 m/s. At time t = 0, the driver sees a
child run out in front of the car.

Fig. 1.1
At time t = 0.6 s the driver starts to apply the brakes. The car then decelerates uniformly,
taking a further 3.0 s to stop.
(a) (i)

On Fig. 1.2, draw a graph to show how the speed of the car varies with t.
20
speed
m/s
15

10

5
t/s

Fig. 1.2
(ii)

Calculate the distance travelled in the first 0.6 s of the motion.

distance = ......................................
[5]

(b) The braking distance is the distance travelled by the car after the driver starts to apply
the brakes. The braking distance is not the same each time that the car stops.
State two factors that could increase braking distance.
1. ......................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
2. ......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................[2]

2
Section A
Answer all the questions in this section.

Fig. 1.1 represents the motion of a car along a straight road. As the car approaches a small
town, it slows down. The car travels at a constant speed from the start of the town to the
end of the town. After passing through the town, the car speeds up.
30
speed
m/s

car reaches
start of
town

20

car reaches
end of
town

10

0
0

10

20

30
time / s

Fig. 1.1
(a)

(i) Determine the speed of the car in the town.

speed = ................................................. [1]
(ii) Determine the time taken by the car to pass through the town.
time taken = .......................................... [1]
(iii) Calculate the distance travelled by the car in the town.

distance = .............................................. [1]

(b) The car accelerates after passing through the town.
Calculate the acceleration. Give the unit of your answer.

acceleration = ........................................ [3]

2
Section A
Answer all the questions in this section.

A parachutist jumps from an aircraft. Some time later, the parachute opens.
Fig. 1.1 is a graph of the vertical speed of the parachutist plotted against time t.
50
40
speed
m/s

30
20
10
0

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

55

60
t/s

Fig. 1.1
(a) State what happens at t = 20 s and t = 55 s.
at 20 s ..............................................................................................................................
at 55 s ........................................................................................................................ [1]
(b) Describe the motion of the parachutist between t = 0 and t = 20 s.
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................... [2]
(c) Explain, in terms of the forces acting, why the speed of the parachutist is constant
between t = 25 s and t = 55 s.
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................... [2]
(d) Calculate the distance travelled by the parachutist between t = 25 s and t = 55 s.

distance = ................................................ [2]

2
Section A
Answer all the questions in this section. Answer in the spaces provided.

A window cleaner drops a sponge from the balcony of a hotel at time t = 0. Fig. 1.1 is the
speed-time graph for the motion of the sponge.
14

speed
m/s

12
10
8
6
4
2
0
0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0
t/s

Fig. 1.1
(a) State a value for t when the sponge is
(i)

moving with a uniform speed,

............................................................................................................................ [1]

(ii)

accelerating at a non-uniform rate,

............................................................................................................................ [1]

(iii)

decelerating.
............................................................................................................................ [1]

(b) Calculate the distance travelled by the sponge between t = 0 and t = 0.75 s.

distance = ......................................... [2]