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THE CATHEDRAL OF COLOGNE.

AMERICAN GLOSSARY
ARCHITECTURAL TERMS,
BEING

A CONCISE AND COMPREHENSIVE COMPILATION OF ALL TERMS

USED IN THE PRACTICE OF ARCHITECTURE AND THE

8UILDING 0RTS.
A COMPLETE DICTIONARY!
OF OVER THREE THOUSAND TERMS.

HISTORICAL, DESCRIPTIVE, THEORETICAL, MECHANICAL.

Illustrated
BY MANY SELECTED AND ORIGINAL DRAWINGS.

By GEO.

O.

GARNSEY, ARCHITECT,

EDITOR "NATIONAL BUILDER," AUTHOR OF "TRUSSED ROOFS," "ESTIMATING,'

"HOW TO BUILD A HOUSE," Etc., Etc.

CHICAGO,

ILL.

Entered According to Act of Congress, in the Year 1887, by

GEO.

O.

GAKNSEY,

In the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington, D. C.

THE NATIONAL BUILDER PUBLISHING CO.

TO THE

ARCHITECTS AND BUILDEES

OF

AMERICA,
WHOSE

ARTISTIC GENIUS
IS

AND MECHANICAL, ABILITY

CREATING A

NATIONAL STYLE OF ARCHITECTURE,

THIS

VOLUME

IS

FRATERNALLY DEDICATED,

BY THE AUTHOR,

IHE GETTY CENTER

I

IBRARY

PREFACE TO FIRST EDITION.

The

benefits of a complete

tural

Terms

ing;

and the extreme

and properly compiled Glossary of Architec

are so apparent to those

difficulty

who

under which the author labored, during a

life-long study of his profession, without a

in this

study or practice the science of build-

proper book of reference, has resulted

volume.

It represents twenty years of constant study, and a consultation of many

works bearing on the subject.
The object has been to prepare a concise dictionary of all proper terms
used in America and England, but not to treat of words whose etymology is

uncertain.

It is

the only

work

of the

kind ever issued adapted to the wants of

American Architect and Builder, arranged from a professional and practical

standpoint.
The illustrations have been carefully selected from most celebrated
works, together with many prepared expressly by
the

THE AUTHOR.
Chicago, 1887.

PREFACE TO THIRD EDITION.

The
erally,

hearty endorsement given this

The Glossary
adopted by
It will

The

many

has taken the

the building fraternity gen-

place of other text books, and has been

schools, as the only

be found of great value

American work

to the student, builder

architectural profession and the press have given

an extent, that the publication of

the

work by

has induced the author to issue a third edition.

demand

for the

this edition

of the kind up to date.

and practicing architect.
it

their approval to

work.

THE AUTHOR.
Chicago, 1802.

such

has become a necessity to supply

AISLE

AMERICAN GLOSSARY
OF

A6A

ARCHITECTURAL TERMS.
AM

ABACI (Lat.) A flat, tabulated surface panel,

or sink, used above the dado of a pedestal.

ABACISCUS (Lat.) Small tile, or mosaic, of
angular shape, us3d in the construction of
pavements or hearths.
ABACUS v Lat.) In classic architecture, the
x pperraost member, or portion, of the capIn Gothic
ital to a column, or pilaster.
architecture, the springers on which the
g-oin rests at liie top of the column.
buttress, or additional
(Lat.)
strengthening to a wall.
ABATED. In sculpture, that portion of the
work that is sunk below the surrounding
surfaces.
That which is sunk to give

ABAMURUS

relief.

(Fr.) An opening in a rcof used

for light or ventilation a sky-light. The
opening in roof of a Grecian temple.

ABAT- JOUR

ABAT-SONS

(Fr.) The louvre boards, or blinds,

usually placed in a bell tower to deflect
sound, and to protect the bells and machinery from the weather.

ABAT-VENT (Fr.) A

roof,

pinnacle

or

ACROLINTHON (Gr.) A colossal statu- erected in the temple of Mars; the citadel of
ancient Halicarnassus.
Pedestals placed at the angles
and over the centre of a

ACROTERIA
ACROTERIOM
pediment

in classic architecture.

ACUTE ANGLE. An

angle of less than 80

degrees.

ACUTE ANGLE TRIANGLE. Where

all the
angles are acute.
small chapel, or apsis, to a cathedral or religious building.

ADICULA. A

ADIT (Lat.) The

lobby, bailor entrance to a

building.

ADJACENT ANGLED. An angle immediately

contiguous to another.
The vestment or retiring
for priests in ancient temples.

ADYTUM (Lat.)
room

AECCLESIOLA.
AEDICULA. A

(See Adicula.)

small building, or temple, as

a model.

AELAMOTH.

AERARIUM

(See Adit.)
(Lat.)

In

Roman

architecture, a

treasury.

belfry.

A sounding board, canopy,

)
or construction generally erected behind a
pulpit or rostrum to convey and distribute

AEAT-VOIX (Fr.

AETIAIOI
AETIAIVI

AETOMA (Gr.)

sovsad.

ABBATTOIR

(Fr.)

building built for the

to be used

In Greek

architecture, the
stone or marble slabs forming the tympanum of a pediment.
(Gr.)

The sunken portion of a Gre-

cian pediment.

ity,

A term given to an Egyptian

pyramid or obelisk, or a building of pyramidal form.
AILE A passageway between seats; particu-

an

AISLE

purpose of slaughter of animals

for food.

ABBEY. A

monastery, or religious

commun-

residing in a building presided over by

abbot.

AIGUILLE
)

larly in Gothic architecture, the

is given to the lateral or exterior portions of the three subdivisions of a church,
as between the outer walls and the central
portion, which is termed the Nave.
The
space between the side walls and columns
supporting the roof of a cathedral.

line at

an

of a circle
angle of 45 de-

grees.

ABREUVOIR.

The

joints or interstices

stone-work which are

cement.

ABSIS.

filled

of

with mortar or

(See Apsis.)

ABUTMENT.

Thatf, construction of building

material which is intended to receive the
end thrust or lateral pressure of a vault,

arch or roof.
term used to denote the juncture of two separate portions of building
material.
ACANTHINE. A fillet or border decorated
with the leaves of the acanthus.
The

ABUTTING.

crown moulding
architecture,
ner.

ACOUSTICS.

is

of a cornice, in classic
often treated in this man-

The science and treatment

of

sound in architecture.

ACROPOLIS
Athens,

(Gr.)
a citadel,

celebrated building of
an eminence; particularly

associated with Athenian

*b;toctnr*.

term

ABCISSA. An intercepted axis.

ABCUS. The joii.ing of a segment
with a straight

(Fr.)

AILERON

(Fr.)
bracket or consol in the
form of a buttress, supporting the roof of a
building or higher portion.
AITRE.
hearth or chimney.
ALA (Lat.) An addition or wing to a building.

LA CREQUE

(Fr.)

An ornament

in fret

work, used in panels and in borders.

Small closets or apartments each side
of a vestibule.

ALAE.

ALBARIUM

(Lat).

A sort of Roman stucco

or

plaster.

ALBARIUM OPUS (Lat.)

ALCHA (Lat.) A room in

(See Albarium.)
a Roman house for

keeping jars and vessels.

in the wall of a room
an
apartment connected to one of larger dimensions by an arch or lintel, and not un-

ALCOVE. A recess

frequently used to contain a bed; dresser,

Tjgatel, or side-board.

ANG

ALE
ALEATORIUM

A room

(Lat.)

in a

Roman

AMBULATIO

promenade an open
a portico from the columns to the
(Lat.)

house dedicated to games of chance.

In Gothic or castellated work, loop
holes or apertures through which arrows

AMBULATORY (Lat.)

or cross-bolts were discharged.

AMORTISSEMENT

ALEOIS.

ALETTE.

The face

in reveal of a pier support-

ing an arch.

ALHAMBRESQUE.

In Moorish architecture,
style of ornamentation employed
in the enrichments of panels in relief and
geometrical patterns upon flat surfaces.

a peculiar

ALIPTERIUM
ALIPTERION

A LKOR ANS
ALKORANES

An

(Gr.)

anointing

room

in

an ancient bath.

Slender minarets or lofty

like towers attached to Orishaf t-

ental mosques.

ALLEGE
of a

A panel under the

(Fr.)

window frame,

finishing

inside stool
to the

down

floor.

ALLEGORY. A creation in art

or architecture
signifying a subject, figuratively, in an
analogous form.

ALLORIUM [ ^

P orti co or corridor.

s * c* e

A street or passage

ALLEY.

a church aisle
a passage from one building to another.

ALMEMAR. A reading

desk used in Hebrew

worship.

ALMERY
AUMBRY

niche, cupboard or recess,

generally located near the altar

(Fr.)

space

wall.

(See Ambulatio).

The uppermost

(Fr.)

ter-

mination or finish to an architectural structure, as a finial, etc.

AMPHIPROSTYLE
In classic art, a
AMPHIPROSTYOS (Lat.) f temple having
)

columns surmounted by gables or pediments at each end, or front and rear.

AMPHITHEATRE (Lat.) A spacious elliptical

AMPHITHEATRIAL
shaped building,
[
AMPHITHURA
surrounding and
i

enclosing a space called the arena, used for

feats, contests and exhibitions.

AMULET. A

necklace,

charm or

fillet.

ANABATHRUM. A raised seat or pulpit.

ANACHRONISM.

ANAGLYPHA
ANAGLYPTA
ANAGLYPH

(See Allegory.)

'

ANAGLYPTIC
ANAGLYPHIC
ANAGLYPHICE

(Gr.) Cutting and carving

relief work, more particularly related to the cutting

of gems.

(See Alto Ri-

lievo.)
t

ANALOGIA. The architectural proportion and

symmetrical distribution of parts.

ANALOGIUM. A reading desk.

ANAMORPHOSIS. An unnatural
of perspective lines caused

appearance

by too near a

view.

in cathedrals.

An ornamental metal decoration

ALMONRY A small building or room attached ANCHOR.
also, the term is applied to ties and fastenAMBRY
to an ecclesiastical building for
ings in constructive architecture.
the distribution of alms.
ALMS HOUSE. A building erected for the ac- ANCON
ANCONE A consol or bracket to a cornice.
commodation and maintenance of the poor. ANCOVE \
ALORING. A wall projecting above a roof as ANDRON (Gr.) An open hall or court in a
a parapet.
Grecian house.
ANDRONITIS
ALTAR. A pedestal or pillar used by the ANGLE. The inclination of two lines and their
;

ancients for sacrifices and offerings, and by

Christians for the celebration of the sacra-

ment.

ALTAR CLOTH. Covering to an altar.

ALTAR CROSS. A cross used on an altar in
Christian service.

ALTAR DESK. A
on an

ALTAR

frame or small desk used

altar.

PIECE.

point of meeting.

ANGLE BAR. A

horizontal bar or

constructive architecture.

An

ornamental construction

as a background to an altar.

ANGLE BRACKET. A bracket or framing in

the angle of

two

surfaces.

ALTAR RAIL. The rail in front of the altar. ANGLE BUTTRESS. In

ALTAR SCREEN. A screen back of and around
a buttress projecting

Gothic architecture,

from the external

angle of two walls.

the altar.

ALTO RILIEVO
ALTO RELIEVO

muntin to

a window sash or frame.

ANGLE BEAD. A small round moulding secured to an angle of any architectural
work.
ANGLE BRACE. A brace or angle framing in

Sculpture projecting
boldly from the surrounding surfaces, relieved by deep under-cut-

ANGLE CAPITAL.

ting.

ANGLE IRON. (See Angle Brace.)

ANGLE LEAF. A leaf or ornament carved at

(Ital.)

ALURA
ALURE [ (See Alley.)
ALUR
ALVEARY (Lat.) A hollow-shaped vessel.
AMBE. A stage or rostrum.
)

AMBITUS ALTARIS

That part of a
(Lat.)
church building whose walls immediately
enclose the altar.

AMBO
AMBON
A.MBOU

(See Apse.)

Same

as pulpit.

the corner of an

having a double

capital placed under

entablature, sometimes

face.

the angle of the base of a column.

ANGLE MODILLION. A modillion placed

at

the angle of a cornice.

ANGLE OF REPOSE.
line of

The first joint

the springing of an arch.

ANGLE RAFTER.

or angle

That portion of a roof

framing at the external angle.
RIB. A curved rafter or framing at
an external angle.

ANGLE

ANTHEM ION

A N NULATED SH A FT.

ANGULAR SHAFT.

A NTICK.

AQU

ANG
ANGLE

ANTI (Gr.) Against, attached to,

ANTIC (Fr.) (Same as Antique.)

Angle Bead.)
(See Angle Brace.)

STAFF.

ANGLETIE.

(See

ANGLET (Fr.) A rectangular, V shaped,

rusti-

applied to tnat style of architecture practiced in England from and after the conquest, A. D. 1066 to 1189.

ANGLO-ROMANESQUE ARCHITECTURE.

term applied to that style of Architecture

practiced in England from A. D. 785 to
1300, in which the marking characteristic
was the semi-circular arch as distinct from
the Anglo-Norman style.

ANGLO-SAXON ARCHITECTURE. A

term

applied to the several styles prevailing in

England from A. D. 596 to 1066.

The shaft of a column,

being circular in form,

hexigon, octagon or quadrangular.
that, instead of

is

from

off

or cell, either
the crypt of a

cathedral.

ANNEX. A

ANTICUM (Lat.

building subordinate to a main

building.

ANNULET (Lat.) A ring or small moulding

ANNULAR V encircling a column, base or
capital, generally applied to the
ANNULAS
)

ANTIMINSION

Greek Doric order.

The shaft of a column

encircled with rings or

ANTAE
ANTE

ANT^E

a name applied to
those which terminated the ends of
the side walls of a Greek temple.

[
)

ANTECAPITULUM

(Lat.) That portion of a

immediately adjoining the door of
a chapter house.
ANTECHAMBER A chamber, room or chapel
connecting with a large
ANTEROOM
[
ANTECHAPEL ) hall, auditorium or cacloister

thedral.

seat portion to a reading

desk used in the chancel of a church.

ANTIQUARIUM. A room

in a Roman house,
devoted to the display of antiquities.
Referring to the ancient styles of

ANTIQUE.

and architecture.

art

ANTIQUITIES. The classic remains of

ANTEFIX^E

(Lat.)

Carved ornaments or
introduced by

lions' heads,

classic architects to enrich the

cymatium of

a cornice.

ANTE MURAL. An outwork,

fortification or

with battlements or embrasures.

ANTEPAGMENTUM ) (Lat.) The jamb, frame
ANTEPAGMENTA [ and mouldings surrounding a doorway;
ANTEPAGMENTS
wall,

the

same meaning

as architrave.

ANTEPENDIUM (Lat.) A term used

ANTIS.

(See Ante.)

or

subordinate or advance

portico attached to a

Greek

main

portico, as in

art.

ANTERIDES.

A buttress acting as

a counter-

basement or heavy walls.

ANTEROOM. (See Antechamber.)
ANTESOLARIUM (Lat.) A balcony facing
fort to strengthen

the east.

ANTE TEMPLE. Same

sense and

meaning

as

Annex.

ANTEVANNA A canopy, or projecting roof,

over a door or window.
ANTE VENN A
)

ANTHEMION. The spiral

as

Antechamber,

Room.)

ANTRELLUM. A small temple or grotto.

ANTRUM. An ancient Greek temple.
ANTRUM TUMBALE. (Same as Antrellum.)
APARTMENT. One of the subdivisions or
portions of a building.

APERTURE.

In architecture, an opening in a
window.
(Same as Amortissement.)

wall, as a door or

APEX

(Lat.)

ance of

building used for the mainten-

bees.

APODYTERIUM

An anteroom

(Lat.)

Roman bath.
APONSA. A lean-to,

to

or shed roof.

APOPHYGE. The

curvature at the top and

bottom of a classic column, where it expands to meet the mouldings of the base
and capital.
APOTHECA. A wine room in a Roman house.
(Lat.)

room

or dis-

pensary attached to a public building.

APOTHESIS

(Gr.)

on the

set of shelves

south wall of a chancel.

APPODITIUM PILARIUM

(Lat.)

flying

buttress.

APRON. The

piece of woodwork immediately

below the stool of a window.

APSE AILE. An aisle surrounding an

APSE A semicircular extenuation

apse.

of the
choir or nave to a cathedral; same
as a chancel; a bishop's throne.
/

to desig-

nate the front of an altar and the canopy

overhead.

ANTEPORTICO.

ancient

architecture.

APOTHECARERIUM

ANTEFIXUM

much

(See Altar Cloth.)

|

ANTIPODIUM. The

APIARY.

fillets.

A pilaster;

(Gr.)

(Gr.)

ANTIMENSIUM

ANNULATED SHAFT.

The space between the walls

and the columns of the

of a Greek temple
portico.

ANTITHALAMUS. (Same

ANKER HOLD. A small room,

connected with or

Grotesque or fantastic creations of

birds, beasts, flowers, etc., in decorative art.

cated joint in stone-work.

ANGLO-NORMAN ARCHITECTURE. A term

ANGULAR SHAFT.

ANTICK.

opposite.

of the Ionic volute.

APSIS

APSIDAL. In the form of an apse.

APSIS GRADATA. In the form and
to

an

relating

apse.

APTERAL. An ancient temple having

umns on its sides or flanks only.

col-

AQUAMALE (Lat.) A holy water basin.

AQUARIUM
(Lat.) A tank, pond, or resAQUARICUM [ ervoir, used for a head or
)

AQUARICIUM

supply of water, or for the

)
propagation of marine life.

AQUEDUCT

AQUJEDUCT
AQUILA (Lat.)

(Lat.)

conduit for the con-

veyance of water.
The flat surface of a triangular pediment; a reading desk in the form
of an eagie.
i"

ARCHITRAVE

ASC

ARA
ARABIAN ARCHITECTURE.

That style of

architecture practiced by the

between A. D. 680 and 1465.

ARABESQUE
ARABESQUED

An

enriching

and orna-

mentation of flat surfaces, panels, pilasters, etc., with scroll-work, vines, flowers,
etc.

ARABO TEDESCO A style of architecture

practiced in certain
ARABO TEDESCHO
)

parts of Italy from A. D. 1189 to 1292. A

combination of Saracenic and Gothic.
(Gr.) An ancient Greek
temple having a colonnade where the columns
are placed four diameAREOSTYLE

AR^EOSTYLE
1
AR^EOSYSTYLOS
AREOSYSTYLE [

ARACOSTYLE

ters apart.

An

ARAD1GNITATIS.

by the

altar used only

highest dignitaries of the church.

ARAEOPAGUS
AREOPAGUS
AREOPAGY

(Lat.)

An

open court. A
devoted to the

building

practice of

law in ancient

Athens.
tion, generally employed in landscape work.

ARC.

geometrical term used to designate

a portion, or section, of a circular line less

than a semicircle.

ARC A

ARCULA
roof;

The gutters of a roof.

constructive frame-work

(Lat.)

an

altar;

ARCADE. A
columns or

The
of

a chest.

series of arches,
pilasters.

ARCATURE. An arcaded

supported on

ARC BOUTANTS.
ARC DOUBLEUX

(Same as Arch

Buttress.)

(Fr.)
An arch moulding,
projecting from the face of the ceiling of a
vaulted roof.

ARCEBOCEN. A

flying buttress.
ditium Pilarium.)

(See Appo-

ARCHIVE
ARCHIVIUM
ARCHIVUM

ARCH BAND.
ARCH BRICK.

(Same as Arc Doubleux.)

Brick moulded or cut to fit the
radiating lines of an arch.
ARCH BUTTRESS A buttress employed gen-

ARCH BUTTANT

erally in Gothic archi\

tecture to receive and resist the strain or
lateral thrust of another arch or roof. (See
Arcebocen and Appoditium Pilarium.)

Partaking of the form and nature

of an arch, or arc.

building, or apart-

ment, set apart for the reception and safe keeping of

records and documents.
I
)

ARCHIVOLT
ARCHIVOLTUM

The

)(Lat.)

collection

mouldings

of

projecting

from and running round the face of an

arch.

ARCH OF EQUILIBRIUM. An
form

of

an equilateral

arch of the

triangle.

ARCH OF EQUIPOLLENCE. An
all

arch upon

the parts of which rests an equal weight.

ARCH MOULDINGS. (See Archivolt.)

ARCH STONE. (See Arch, Arch Brick.)
ARCHWAY. (See Arch.)
ARCHY.

Partaking of the principles of an

arch.

ARCOSOLIUM

An

(Lat.)

ARCUATION.

arched vault, or

Relating to the use of the arch.

ARCUS (Lat.) (Same as Arch.)

ARCUS PRESBTERII. The arch between the
nave and apse, or chancel, called the chancel arch.

ARCUS TORALIS
A
ARCUS ECCLESLE ]

A space,

(Lat.)

(See Amphitheatre.)
The central
space, surrounded by the walls of an amphitheatre.

ARENARIUM.

ARENATUM

Relating to the arena.

(Lat.)

(See Araeostyle.)

ARMATURE (Fr.) (Same as Anchor.)

ARMENIAN ARCHITECTURE. That style of
architecture practiced in Armenia.

ARMIL
ARMILLA

A Roman band
worn on the arm.

(Lat.)

or cell, in a

of building, scien-

/
)

ARONADE. An embattled wall.

ARRAS The line or edge formed
I

ARRIS

by the meeting of two plain surfaces.

(See

Angle.)

ARRIERE-VOUSSURE

(Fr.)

A vault or soffit

of an arch of an opening in a wall.

A triangular piece

of wood,

placed next to a wall or chimney, to throw

off the water.

ARRISWISE.

A gutter hanging and fixed

Diagonally.

ARSENAL. A

building devoted to the manufacture and storage of the implements and

munitions of war.

ARCHITECTIVE 1
ARCHITECTONIC Relating to the practice
ARCHITECTONICS f of architecture.
ARCHITECTURAL J
I

or bracelet

ARMOURY A building devoted to the storage

ARMORY
and practice of arms.

to the edge of a roof or cornice.

monastery.

and mechanical.

Lime and sand mortar

used by the ancients.

ARRIS GUTTER.

A professor

a court-yard, a sunken

court.

ARENA.

ancient warfare.

ARCHITECT.

screen or cur-

body of a church.

ARRIS FiLLET.

ARCHIA. The arch of a bridge.

ARCHISTERIUM. A small room,

lattice,

tain, separating the

v
choir, apse, or chancel, from the nave, or

Long, narrow openings in the

walls of fortifications, through which the
archers shot arrows and cross-bolts in

ARCHERIA.

tific

(Lat.)

AREOSTYLE.

mechanical arrangement or construction of stone, brick, or other inelastic

Substances, radiating to one- or more centres
and resting upon its extremities.

ARCHED.

member of the entablature of a cornice.

first

AREA

panel-work, used in

face of walls, in Gothic architecture.

ARCH.

The lowest or

recess.

A building of light fanciful construc-

ARBOR.

A beam.

(Gr.)

See Antepagmentum.

(See Alhambresque.)

(Lat.)

Arab races

ARCHITRAVE

ARULA. An

altar.

ASAROTUM OPUS
ing

(Lat.)

The

floor of

hall.

ASCELLA.

The wing of a building.

a din-

,;

HAD

ASC
The perpendicular frame of

ASCENDANTS.

a door or window.

ASCENSORIUM (Lat.) A staircase.

(Lat.) An apartment deASCETERIUM
voted to gymnastic exerARCHISTERIUM
|

cises.

ASHLAR. Cut or hewn

stone used in the face

of a wall, generally with vertical and horizontal square joints.

(Same

tsPATICUM \
ASPHALTUM. A

aS Audit

AULAEA

A curtain or screen

hung between

AULJEUM ] columns.
AULEOLUM. A small chapel.
AUMBRYE. A niche or recess.
AURIPETRUM. Mosaic.
AVENTURINE. Glass of a golden and brown
tint.

AVIARY
A building or apartment for the
maintenance and propagation
AVIARIUM
)

of the feathered race.

House -)

bituminous substance used

AVOLTA. A vault or
AWNING. A canopy,

arched roof.
roof or covering.

in the construction of ancient buildings

instead of mortar.

ASSER

(The common

ASSERIS

rafters

of

roof

framing.

ARCHITECTURE. That style of

architecture practiced in Assyria prior to
the eighth century B. C.

ASSYRIAN

ASTORITE.

star-shaped enrichment used

and coves in Gothic

in concave mouldings
architecture.
)

ing partaking of the nature of the astragal.

conglomerate collection of several styles of architecture contained in one.

tenance

for the mainthe indigent, deranged, and

of

infirm.

ASYMPOTE. A

straight line approaching to

a curve.

ATHEN^UM
ATHENEUM
and

pedestal supporting an image or

statue in a niche.
The inside or relieving arch
generally built over a door or opening, calculated to relieve the lintel.

BACK ARCH.
BACK

FLAP.

The centre portion

of a set of

inside blinds.
alto-relievo

The bed or plane surface

in

work.

BACKING A WALL.

The

inside portion of a

brick or stone wall.

BACK

LINING. That part of a window frame

forming the back of the box used for
blinds.

building set apart for

the cultivation of the arts

(Gr.)

BACKGROUND.

ASUL^E (Lat.) Marble chips.

ASYLUM. A building set apart

That

style of architecture practiced in the building of Babylon about 2200 B. C. and subsequently by Nebuchadnezzar about 600 B. C.
when the city was rebuilt.

BACE.

A small, half-round projectASTRAGAL

ing moulding.
ASTRAGALUS
ASTRAGALUM LESBIUM (Lat.) A mouldASTYLAR.

BABYLONIAN ARCHITECTURE.

sciences.

ATHENIAN ARCHITECTURE.

That style of

architecture which had its rise and culmination at the ancient city of Athens.

ATLANTES
1 Statues of male and female
ATLANTAS
figures used in Greek art
ATLANTIDES f for the support of an entabATLASES
lature and cornice.
ATRIENSIUM (Lat.) A closet or small room.
ATRIUM
(Lat.) A central court in a RoATRIOLUM f man house around which the
|

apartments were arranged.

ATTACHED COLUMN. A

column attached

to the face of a wall.

BACK OF A CHIMNEY.

The face toward

the apartment or room.

BACK
BACK
BACK
BACK

OF A HAND RAIL. The upper side.

OF A HIP RAFTER. The upper edge.
OF A SHUTTER. (Same as Back Flap.)

STRINGER. Same as Wall Plate or

the one screwed to the wall.

BADACHINOS. (See Baldachin.)

BADIGEON. Rough-cast or grouting, composed of lime, sand and gravel or ground
stone, generally used to fill the surfaces of
walls to give a finish.
BAGNETTE (Fr.) (See Bague.)
BAGNIO. A bath tub.
(Fr.)
Small mouldings, as astraBAGUE
BAGUETTE \ gals or beads, encircling the
shaft of a column between the base and
)

ATTIC

(Gr.)
sub-story rising above a cornice or contained in the roof.

ATTIC BASE. The base of a column.

ATTIC COLUMN. A column whose shaft

capital.
is

An

open court surrounded bv the

walls of a fortress.

^T^'rTixr

ATTIC ORDER.

BAiSa

ATTICURCUS
tecture.
AUDIT HOUSE. A room

BALCON
A projecting platform or gallery
BALCONET [ erected against the wall of a
building; generally inclosed
BALCONY

square.

The order of architecture

used in the construction of an attic.
ATTIC STORY. (Same as Attic.
ATTICURGIC (Relating to Athenian archi-

A ULE

(^ r *)

(Lat. )
j

manufact-

ure of breadstuff s.
)

attached to a cathedral used for clerical work.

AUDITORIUM
AUDITORY

BALACHINO. (See Baldachin.)

BAKERY. A building used for the

A hall or place used for

the congregation of people.

^ n area or coul

't

>

a baU.

by a

railing.

or roof supported
BALDCHINO ] ^ canopy
columns erected over an
r> a t a nmwA
BALACHINO \ on
altar, throne or tomb.
BADACHINOS

BATTLEMENT.

BAT

BAL
KALECTION The term applied to a mould or
BELECTION [ mouldings where their contour projects beyond the surBOLECTION
1

generally apface surrounding a panel

plied to the raised mouldings of a door.
;

BALISTARIA
A building in a fortress used
BALISTRARIA \ for an armory the cruci)

form apertures in the walls of a

fortress

for the discharge of arrows.

BARRACAN. (See Barbacan.)

BARRACK. A building erected for the accommodation and lodgment of

BARREL DRAIN. A brick

soldiers.

conduit built in a

cylindrical form.

BARREL VAULT A long semi-circular

/

vault

BARROWS

or roof, relating particuS

larly to a vault built of masonry.

B ARTISAN
A small over-hanging turret,
BARTIZAN \ corbelled out from the exterior angle of a tower or
BARTIZENE
)

BA ULK \ ^

P* ece or s q uare timber.

BALL COCK. A

water cock used to supply

water to a tank by the raising or lowering

on water.

of the ball floating

BALL FLOWER. An ornament used in Gothic

work

of the character of a ball, hollowed

out, or a ball inclosed in a three-leaf flower.

BALLIUM. (Same as Bailey.)

BALLOON FRAME. The name

peculiar method of erecting frame buildings in the United States.

steps or platforms in a the-

atre.

BALTHEI. (Same as Bolsters.)

BALUSAL.
BALUSTER. A small column
lar

BARTON. A manor or farm house.

BARYO^. An Araeostyle temple.
BARYCEPHAL-^. (Same as Barycee.
BASE.

In architecture, the bottom or lowest

BASE COURT. A

or perpendicu-

standard supporting a hand

rail.

or collection of balusters supporting a cap or rail.

A collection of mouldings, or a flat

projecting fascia, attached horizontally to

BAND.

BASEMENT. The first story of a building.

BASE MOULDINGS. The mouldings of any-

BASE OF A COLUMN. The lower portion.

BASE OF A WALL. The foundation or footing.

BASILICA. A
BASILICULA.

arranged a series of bands,

fillets

or beads.

,
a
(Same
as Band.)

>

:l

reservoir.

(Same as Base.)
BASKET. The term sometimes given to the
bell of a Corinthian capital.
Carvings whose projecBAS-RELIEF
tion from the surroundBASSO-RILIEVO
ing surface is only distinct enough to form
\

BANISTER
u
* *term f
A
obsolete
for u
baluster.
BANNISTER \
BANQUET HALL. An apartment set apart
)

for banquets.

BAPTISMAL FONT. (See Font.)

BAPTISTERIUM A bathing
...
house or place.
BAPTISTERY
\
BAR. An inclosed space in a court room or
,

public house.

The upright divisions bewindow.

A watch tower attached to a
fortress
an aperture in a

glass of a

BARBACAN

BARBICAN

wall for drainage.

BARGE BOARD. A board

used as a finish to
a gable, covering the ends of the rafters
and frequently cut into ornamental forms.
(See Verge Board.)

BARGE COUPLES. An

obsolete

term for two

timbers mortised and tenoned together.

The first course of slate
tiles or shingles that project over the gable
of a roof.

BARGE COURSE.

BARMKYN /a
BERMKYN See Barbican.)
BARN. A building erected for
,

alto-relievo.

BASSE COUR.

grain, etc.,

An

open court used

for

stables.

BASTION That

portion of the wall of a fortBASTON f ress that projects in an angular

form, used to command the flanks of the
wall. (Same as Torus.)
|

Part of a brick.

BATEMENT LIGHT.

In Gothic architecture,
the upper perpendicular lights of glass in
a perpendicular window.

BATH.

In architecture, a building used for

bathing purposes.

BATOON. (See Bastion.)

BATTEFOLIUM. (Same as Barbacan.)
BATTEN. A moulding or strip of board, standing vertically, used generally to cover a
joint or joining of two pieces of boarding.
term used to designate the slant
of a wall, where it is built narrow at the
top and wide at the bottom.

BATTER.

BATTERY. A term used for a fortification.

BATTLE EMBATTLED. A wall having

farm produce,

the outline, used in contradistinction to

BAT.

BAR OF A SASH.

the storage of

and often used

to house animals.

BARRA. A

In arcmtec*ure
|

BASIS.

court of justice; a public hall.

A shrine, oratory, or cano-

taph.

BASON

a wall.

BANDED COLUMN A column or pilaster

BANDED SHAFT
around whose shaft are
BANDELET
BANDLET

second or rear court yard.

BASELESS. Without a base or foundation.

BASE-LINE. In architecture, the starting line.
base portion of any architectural design.

BALUSTRADE. A range

tween

balistrarias.

part.

given to a

BALNEUM. A bath.
BALTENS. Wide

wall, generally pierced with loop-holes or

tower at one end of a bridge.

double row of battlements.

BATTLEMENT.

Endentations or embrasures
in the top of a wall or parapet, used in

castellated architecture.

BLI

BAULK.

BELL TOWER. A tower

(See Balk.)

BAWK. A cross or

tie

beam

of a roof fram-

In architecture, the recessed portion of

a facade of a building; that space contained
between the ribs of a vault.
section or portion of a
OF JOIST.
floor of joist between timbers or bearings.

BAY

BAY WINDOW.

A projecting wall of an
angular or circular shape, forming a recess
in an apartment, generally pierced with
windows.
BAZAAR. A building used for the public
display of merchantable goods and wares,
relating particularly to Oriental buildings.

BEAD.

small moulding, wdiose section

is

(See Astragal.)

circular.

BEAD AND BUTT. A

panel moulded with a

bead. The term is used to designate the

butting joint, which see.

BEAD AND FLUSH. (Same as Bead and Butt.)

BEAD AND QUIRK. Same as Bead and
Butt, excepting that between the joint of
the bead and surface is a sunk square
recess.

BEAK. The

pendant square or continuation

of the corona in classic architecture, serving as a drip.

BEAKHEAD MOULDING.

In

Norman

archi-

moulding cut into heads or beaks

tecture, a
of birds.

BEAM. A

timber of large dimension.

BEAM FILLING. A term used to designate
mason work built in between the ends of
joists or beams, when the ends rest on a
strut, post or

column, sustaining

a weight.

That portion of

a timber resting on a wall.

BEARING PARTITION A partition or wall

BEARING WALL
bearing the weight
f
)

of other portions of a building.

In architecture, the bottom side of a

The seat or bed of any designated

stone.
part.

BED MOULDING.

Strictly a moulding placed

immediately under the corona of a classic

cornice.

BED OF A STONE. (See Bed.)

BEE HOUSE. A building for the

high turret; a lookout:

The

raised portion or floor of a

chancel or apse; a reading desk.
(Gr.)

BENATURA (Lat.) A

receptacle for holv waplaced generally in

BENETIER

(Fr.)

ter,

Romish church.
A low stone seat around

the vestibule of a

BENCH TABLE.

the interior of walls of many churches,

formed by the excess in thickness of foundation walls.
BETHLEHEM.
small building attached to
a cathedral for the pi-eparation of the sac-

ramental celebration.

BETON. (Same as Concrete.)

BEVEL. A surface formed on an

angle from

the face.

BEVELMENT. Relating to the bevel.

BIANGULAR. Having two angles or corners.
BIBLIOTHECA (Gr.) A public library, or a
building used for the reception of books.
(Gr.) A dwelling having storage
vaults in the basement or cellars.
BICHOCA. (Same as Belvedere.)

BICELLUM

BIGLF. An arch; a chamber.

BIGG. To build.

BIGGER. A builder.
BILGET. Wood, brick

or blocks built into a

room

cultivation

or apartment containing a bell.

BELL

(Lat.) In architecture, that portion of

a classic column forming the body of the

upon which the leaves and volutes

are carved or placed.

BELL ARCH. An
a

A block of wood.
BILLET MOULDING A moulding peculiar
BILLET CABLE
to Anglo-Norman

BILLET.

arch partaking of the out-

turret generally placed at

the apex of a gable or roof.

term applied to a gable

having a niche for the reception of a bell.

canopy or covering over a
bell; a roof shaped like a bell.

BELL ROOF. A

A term used for brick or stone

placed with their greatest length transverse the wall.

BINDERS.

BINDING
BIRD'S
BIRD'S

JOIST.

(Same as Trimmer Joist.)

(Same as Beakhead Mould-

BEAK MOULDING
HEAD MOULDING

Having a surface composed

of twelve rhombic faces.
BISECTION. The act of cutting into two
(Lat.)

parts.

BISELLIUM. A scat designed I'm- two

BISTURRIS I (Same as Barbaean.)

persons.

BISTURRES \
BITUMAN. Same nature as asphaltum. which
see.

BLADES. Principal rafters of a roof framing.

BLANK DOOR, OR WINDOW. A false representation of a door or window.

bell.

BELL COT. A bell

BELL GABLE.

architecture, consisting of short sections

of a bead placed in a cove or hollow
moulding, half their length apart, in a
semi-circular arch.

BIRHOM

BELECTION MOULDINGS. (See Balection.)

BELFRY. A small bell tower or turret; also

line of

(It.)

an observatory.

BEMA

ing.)

of bees.

capital,

BELVEDERE

BEARING OF A TIMBER.

the

(See Belfry.)

BELT. (Same as Band.)

BELT, COURSE. (See Band.)

wall.

wall.

BEARER. A

BED.

tion of bells.

BELL TURRET.

ing.

BAY.

built for the recep-

BLEOSTANING.
BLIND.

A light

Mosaic paving.

frame or screen to a door or

window.

BLIND ARCADE. A small arcade constructed

on the face of a wall in Gothic work, as a
panel work.

BRI

BLI

BLIND AREA. A

covered area.

BLOCK. A collection of buildings; a square.

BLOCK COURSE. A course of stone placed
on top of a wall as a coping.

BLOCK PLAN. An architect's

plan,

showing

the outline only.

BOARD. An American

terrn for a piece of

timber 1 inch thick, 4 to 24 inches wide,
any length. (See Deals.)

BOARDING

The

BOASTING.

The rough cutting

JOIST.
with boards.

act of covering joist

BOCATORIUM (Lat.) A slaughterhouse.

BODIUM (Lat.) A crypt or subterraneous
chapel.

A buttress attached to
BODY BUTTRESS
a body wall of a
BODY BOTERRASSE
(Same as Manor House.)

Bay

Anciently a small, richly-furnished

chamber used by females only.
BOX FRAME. A window frame constructed
with boxes at each side for the reception

BOX GIRDER. A

girder or lintel, generally

of iron, made in a box form and filled in

with brick, in the form of an arch.

BOX HEAD.

The upper part of a window

frame, made in a box form, to receive the
sash when raised up.

BRACE.

straight or curved piece of timber

a force or thrust.

resist

brace or support fixed against

a vertical surface, supporting a weight.

BRACKETING. The

act of fixing brackets in

position.

BRACKET

STAIRS.

Stairs

constructed on

brackets.

BRANCHES. The

of metal.

diagonal branches or ribs

covering a vault or ceiling.
BRANDISH
An ornamental cresting or
BRATTISHING
enriched battlement.
BREAK. That portion of a facade which
/

altar.

<j

BOND ENGLISH. A

term used to denote a

piece of brick work in which one course is
laid lengthwise and the next course cross-

wise of the wall, thus alternately.

BOND FLEMISH. Brick work in which a
brick is laid lengthwise and the next brick
crosswise of the wall, and so on, alternately.

BOND STONE. (See Binder.)

BOND TIMBERS. Timbers built into walls of
masonry for the purpose
finished work thereto.

of affixing the

A plain surface out of wind or twist.

temporary stall or canopy, used

at fairs and public gatherings.
BORD. Anciently a name given to a wine
cellar.

changes

its

style or

BREAK JOINTS.

ground plan.

In masonry, vertical joints

between the

in one course placed

joints in

the courses below and above.

BREAST OF A CHIMNEY. The

face towards

the room.

BREAST OF A WINDOW.

That portion of a
wall directly below a window, or between
the floor and sill.

BRECCIA.

kind of marble.

BREPHOTROPHIUM

(Lat.)

foundling's

hospital.

BKESSUMMER
)A timber or lintel, supporting a superincumBRESS SUMMER
bent weight, or portion
BREASTSUMMER
-

BORDER.

plain surface enclosing a central

projecting ornament placed at the

intersection of the ribs of a vault or ceiling, generally carved or moulded into
leaves and flowers.

BOSSAGE.

stone laid projecting from the

face of a wall so as to be carved afterward.

BOTERASS. (Same
BOTERICE. (Same

BOTTOM RAIL.

A wooden

tower or look-out.

(See Bartisan.)

material formed of an argillaceous

baked to a hard state, and used in
place of stone for building purposes.

earth,

BRICK GROIN. (See Barrel Vault.)

BRICK AND STUD Brick work laid between
BRICK NOGGING
wooden studs or scant(

as Buttress.)

ling,

The horizontal band or

rail

bottom of a door panel.

An apartment set apart exclufor a large,

round, natural pebble.

BOULTINE A moulding whose section is a

BOULTIN
quarter of a circ le.
BOURSE (Fr.) A public edifice in Fiance
)

devoted to financial exchange.

Arc Boutants.)

forming a wall.

BRICK-TRIMMER ARCH. An

arch built in

front of a fire-place to support a hearthstone.

BRIDGEBOARD.

sively for the use of females.

BOULDER. An American term

(See

BHETESS
BRETISE.
BRICK. A

as Buttress.)

BOUDOIR.

BOUTANT.

of an exterior wall.
11

space or area.

at the

incorrect term for

Window.

BOWER.

used to

BOLT. A round cylindrical pin

BOLTEL. A vault.

BOSS.

BOW WINDOW. An

BRACKET. A

Pieces of timber used in the construction of centres for arches. The connection between the volutes on the side of
an Ionic capital.

BONING.
BOOTH.

semi-circular arch.

BOLSTERS.

BOMON. An

BOW. A

>

building.
(Lat.)

In perpendicular Gothic work, a

round moulding or slender shaft
running up the face of a pier.

of sash-weights.
of a stone to

form the outline of a design preparatory

to the more finished carving.

BOEIRA

BOUTEL
BO WTELS

stringer on

The notched piece or

which rest the steps of a stair-

way.

BRIDGE GUTTER. An

overhanging gutter

supported on brackets.

BRIDGING.

An American

term for fixing

diagonal pieces of wood between joists or
studs, for the purpose of equalizing the
weight placed on the

floor.

CAN

BRO

BROACH
BROCHE
[ An
BROACHED
)

CABLE MOULDING. A
English term for a

bead carved so as to

represent a rope or cable.

spire.

CABLED COLUMN. A

BROCATELLE. A quality of marble.

BROKEN ASHLAR. A term used to

placed in the

designate stone work whose vertical and horizontal joints are uneven and suited to the
size of the stone.

BROKEN JOINT. (Same as Break Joints.)

A
BUAtI A vaultecl room or clTPt-

CABLING.

column with cables

flutes.

The

filling of flutes

with cables.

(See Cable.)

CAER.

The word denotes castle, and is prefixed to the names of places fortified by
the Romans.
CAGE. An outer work of timber enclosing
another within

it.

I'

BUCRANIA.

Sculptured ox skulls in the

friezes of the Ionic or Corinthian orders.

BUILDER. One who builds professionally.

BUILT BEAMS. A beam made of joist and
bolted together.

A round dome

BULBOUS.

or spire taking the

shape of a flower bulb.

BULENTERIA

(Gr.)

council

chamber or

public hall.

BULKER. A

timber beam or rafter.

A small circular aperture
for the admission of light.
BULL'S NOSE. A right angle corner rounded

BULL'S EYE

(Fr.)

wooden box, in which the piers

of a bridge are built, sinking through the
water by the weight of the work and reaching the bottom to form the foundation.
This system is usually adopted wT hen a
coffer dam is impracticable.

CAISSON COFFER. Sunk

panels of a ceiling
or the soffit of arches, or vaulted ceilings.
(See Coffer.)

CALCAREOUS EARTH. A sort of earth containing lime or calx.

CALCATORIUM. A

term applied by the Roto a raised platform of masonry, in

the cellar attached to a vineyard.
CALDARIUM.
close vaulted room in the
ancient baths.

mans

off.

BUNDLE PILLAR. A group of

slender shafts

banded together as in Gothic work.

A number of houses protected

BURGESS.

by

BURGH.

CALI DUCTS

(See Dun.)
as Bourse.)

stone formed by a tool called a bush-hammer.

An ancient tomb.
BUTT. (See Butting Joint a hinge.)
(See Abutment.)

BUTMENT CHEEK.
of a mortise.

In hand railing, the joints

between the pieces of rail secured by holts.
In joinery, the joint between the rails and
moulding of a panel.
BUTTRESS. A projection from a wall in
Gothic work, used to support the thrust of
a roof or wall.

BY-WASH. The outlet to a reservoir.

BYZANTINE ARCHITECTURE. That

style

strips used in
rafter.

thatching

CABIN. A small cottage or house.

CABINET. A small room a closet.
CABLE. A moulding having a convex

concave section, used at the base and capiwhere they merge into the column.

room

circu-

flutes

of

pri-

in

an

arched head, door or window.

convexity of a beam or arch
upon the upper surface.
CAMBERATED. Arched. (See Camber.)
CAMBER BEAMS. (See Camber.)

CAMBER. The

CAMERATED Same as Camber. To build

CAMERATE
in the form of a vault or
CAMERATION
arch arched.
CAMERELLE. A small room or a closet.
)

CAMES.

Slender bars of cast lead, used in

stained glass glazing.

CAMP

CEILING.
when made on
)

term applied to a ceiling

the rafters of a pitch roof.

The

bell or
capital.

body of a Corinthian

A tower

bells used in
edifices.

for the reception of

churches, also in domestic

CANAL OF THE IONIC VOLUTE.

CANAL OF THE LARMIER.

The

audience chamber or

of a king.

CAMARORIS. An elevation terminating

The

channel commencing at the eye and following in the revolutions of the volute.

lar section, generally employed in the

flutes of columns
a carved representation
of a rope or cable.

CABLE FLUTES.

niche.

tal,

CAMPANILE.

A concavity in the form of a

CAMARILA. The

CAMPANA
CAMPAND

Romanesque.

Lath or
a joist a

es

diameter of a round

of architecture practiced by Constantine

and his followers, and which originated in
the building of his capitol, A. D. 328. Its
general characteristics are simflar to the

column.

CALOTE
serving to decrease the height of
CALOTTE
a chapel or alcove.
CALVES TONGUE. A sort of moulding of a

vate

The solid part or shoulder

BUTTING JOINT.

air

face of a

BUSTUM.

roofs

C ALOKE

(Same

CABERS.

tt
Hot

BURTON. A manor house

BUSH-HAMMERED, The worked

BUTMENT.

CALEDUCT

CALIBER The greatest

CALIBRE
body.

a fortress.

BURSE.

CAISSON.

a cabled

recessed

channel in the soffit, to prevent the rain

from running round, and sometimes called
a weather drip. (See Bed Moulding.)
CANNABIC COMPOSITION. A substance
used for interior ornamentation much as
papier-mache.
;

CANARDIERE.

CARYATES.
CARYATIDESl.

CAN

CAS

CANARDIERE. A

small turret, usually built

at the corners on the top of a castle, for
sheltering the sentry on guard. (See Balis-

CARAVANSERA.

taria.)

CARCASE
CARCASS

CANCELLI. Lattice windows, among the Romans, now gratings and trellis-work, etc.

CANOPY. A

covering or hood to a balcony,

or projecting head to a niche, pulpit, altar,

etc.

CANOTAPH. (See Cenotaph and Catafalco.)

CANT. An external angle or corner of a build-

A bevel chamfer or arris.

CANT MOULDING. A moulding
ing.

CANTA LIVER. (See Cantiliver.)

CANTED COLUMN. Columns, the

horizontal
sections of which are polygonal, consisting
of straight sides instead of concave sides or
flutes.

The framework
fore

CARCER.

CARIANS
CAR1ATES
CARIATIDES

Relating to Cant.

CANTONED BUILDING. A

building whose

angles are adorned with columns, pilasters, rustic quoins, etc.

CANTONED COLUMNS.

Columns are

so
placed at the corner of a pier

and made

to support the angular or mouldof groin work and intersecting

arches.

A term used

in building to signify the

covering or the uppermost members of an

assemblage of mouldings. The assemblage
of mouldings over a door or window.

CAPITAL
CAPITALE
CAPITEL

In architecture, the head or uppermost part of a column or

pilaster, usually moulded, foli)
ated or voluted, and constitutes the most
distinguishing part of an order it is indispensable aesthetically, but not a positive
necessity, yet it forms an agreeable transition from the shaft to the architrave.
)

CAPITAL OF A LANTERN.
or roof

The covering

which terminates a lantern of a

dome.

CAPITAL OF A TRIGLYPH. The

square
band which projects over the face in the
Grecian and Roman Doric.

CAPITOL
A Roman temple or citadel,
CAP1TOILE [ in which were kept the 3,000
CAPITOLIUM
brass tables upon which the
)

laws were engraved.

CAPREOLI
CAPREOLS

CARACOL
'ARACOLE

f
)

In ancient carpentry, the struts

or braces of a trussed roof.
.

joinery, the

and Caryatic

Atlantes
order
-

Roman

buildings built in the form

of a ship.

CAROL.
in

closet in a cloister to sit and read

a bay window a seat in a window.
;

CAROLIT1C COLUMN.

One with a

foliated

shaft.

CARPENTER.

One who

fashions and
joins timbers from designs for the purpose
of building.
cuts,

art of employing timbers

for the erection of various buildings.

In the middle ages, a closet or

small room a private apartment.

CARRELLS

/Q
CARREOLS \ (See Oapreoh.)
CARRIAGE OF A STAIR. The framework
whic h supports the hteps and
times called the stringers.

risers,

some-

CARTELLI.

salient corner formed of a pilaster or quoins, which project beyond the

face of a wall.

CAP.

nices, balconies, etc.

ribs

CANTHERS. Common rafters of a roof.

CANTILIVER
The term is generally apCANTALIVERS
plied to brackets for cor-

ed

CARREL.

when

jail.

Roman

In

of doors.

stiles

the atrium,
before entering a church.
CANTHEIS. (See Canthers.)

called

prison or

CARDINAL SCAPI.

CARPENTRY. The

CANTING.
CANTON.

of a building becompleted.

it is

A Roman

CANTERN. (See Canthers.)

CANTHARUS. A fountain

in the centre of
anciently used for washing

<

building, or inn, for the reception of travand caravans.

r

elers

CARINA.
placed nei-

ther horizontally nor vertically, having a

beveled surface.

In the East, a large public

or s P ira l staircase.

The modillions of a cornice, used

internally, and differs from those used
ex ernally by being more scroll like.

CARTON-PIERRE.

species

of

papier-

mache.

CARTOUCH.

(See Cartelli.)

CARVING.

The art of cutting out and representing figures, scrolls and devices, etc.,

from designs.

CARYATES. Human

figures used in place of

columns. (See Caryatic order and Atlantes.

CARYATIC ORDER. An
ure used
feature of
supported
columns.

order of architect-

by the Greeks, the principal

which is that the entablature is
by human figures in place of
(See Atlantes.)

CARYATIDS.

(See Caryates

and Caryatic

order and Atlantes.

CARYATIDES.
order and

(See Caryates
Atlantes.

CASE. An outside covering,

and Caryatic

applied in joinery

to signify a covering or sheathing to rough

timbers, to receive the mouldings and enrichments the framework of a building.
;

CASE BAYS.

The

joists

framed between

girders.

CASED.

term which

any part
building is covered with a better
quality of material than the under surface.
signifies that

of a

CASE OF A DOOR.
which the door

is

The wooden frame in

hung.

CASE OF A STAIR. The

wall surrounding a

staircase.

CASED SASH FRAMES.

Those which have

admit

their interior vertical sides hollow to

of weights, axle pulleys, etc.

CASEMATE. A

hollow or cylindrical moulding of the cavetto classification, the section

of which is from to | part of a circle.

CEI

CAS
CASEMENT.

Properly, the sash of an early

styled window, made to open on hinges,
fastened to one of its vertical sides.

CASERN. A

small room
The covering

of a

thin substance.
small house.

CASINO. A
CASSINOID.

An

elliptic

In Gothic, a large,
ornamented window, of a circular outline,
tilled with a rosette in centre, or radiating

and beautifully variegated.

The eye of the volute is so

divisions,

in a fortress.

body with any

(See Cased and Case.)

CASING.

CATHERINE-WHEEL.

where the
drawn from the

curve,

CATHETUS.

termed, because its position is determined

in an Ionic or voluted capital, by a line let
down from the point in which the volute
generates.

product of any two lines

foci to a point in the curve shall be equal to

CATHEUS.

the rectangle under the semi-transvarse

and semi-conjugate diameters.

CATS-HEAD.

CAlloON[ SameasCaisson
CAST.

The formation of a solid from a semiby the use of moulds.

style of building where

liquid state

embattlements are used at the termination

(See Battlements. ) A
to imitate an ancient castle.
In British antiquity, a tower; a
an apartment in a Roman public

and parapets.

made

building

CASTELLE.
castle

bath

cistern.

CASTELLEIN.

Roman

architect-

ure, a reservoir.

or

)-

England.

CASTRUM DOLORIS. A tomb;

a monument.
In Greek churches, a hollow
space under the altar where the sacred
relics were deposited for safe-keeping.

CATABASION.

CATABULUM. A stable.
CATACOMB. Subterraneous

places for the

a grotto.
CATACONUM. The want of height proportionate to the width of the chapiter of a
burial of the dead

pillar.

CATAFALCO
A representation of a tomb
CATAFALQUE
or cenotaph, constructed of
)

framework, with painting, used at funeral

solemnities.

CATAGRAPHA.
wood

Carvings of men's faces in

or stone.

CATANARIAN-CURVE. A mechanical curve

formed by a heavy, flexible cord or chain,
of uniform density, hanging freely from
the two extremities.
CAT BAR. An iron bar used to keep folding
doors fast

when

shut.

CATCH BASIN. t A sort

of shallow well, generally built of brick, used to catch water.

CATCH DRAIN.

In construction of a canal.

The same as counter

CATENARIA.
CATENARY.
CATER.

drain.

(See Catanarian-curve.)
(See Catanarian-curve.)

(See Quatrefoil.)

CATHEDRA. A

chair without arms. According to Juvenal, a chair with a long, deep

CATHEDRAL. The
cese, in
is

which

placed.

A Norman
An

CATTLE-SHED.

moulding, with

open building for shel-

tering cattle.

CAUKING.

The method of fixing the tie

of a roof or joists of a floor down
to the plate.
beams

CAULICOL^E.

The

stalk

Corinthian

in the

capital.

CAULICOLE The

foliated branches, seemCAULICOLI

ingly to support the volutes
under the abacus of the Corinthian capital.
)

CAULICOLL.

Eight stalks between each two

of the upper rows of leaves, ramifying
in the Corinthian capital.

upwards

See Cast.
building fortified by nature
or by art, used for military
defense in former ages, but
now applied to a nobleman's
or gentleman's residence in

twisting.

passing

line

In ancient

CASTELLEUM. (See Castelle.)

CASTING A term analogous to warping,

CASTLE
CASTEL
CASTELLE
KASTEL
CASTYL

perpendicular

ornaments.
-

CASTELLATED. A
of walls

through the centre of a cylindrical body.

principal church in a diothe throne of the Archbishop

CAULICULAS* (hee
fSee Caulicoin
aullCo "CAULICULUS
CAULKING. The rilling of joints
{

>

with anv substance to

in

make them

floors

water-

tight,

CAUSTIC CURVE.
issuing

Is formed by rays
from a curved reflector.

CAV^EDIA
CAV^EDIUM

,f

light

Roman buildings, an
open court, supposed by some

In ancient

There
writers to be the same as Atrium.
are five kinds, which, from their mode of
construction, are severally denominated
Tuscan, Corinthian, Tetrastyle, Displuvi-

atum and Testudinatum. The Tuscan had

a roof projecting from each wall of the
court, leaving an opening in the centre.
The timbers and compluvia of Corinthian
cavsedia is similar to the Tuscan, except
the roof was supported by columns. The
Tetrastyle had the roof supported by a column at each angle; the Displuvinated
being without any roof. The Testudinated
had the court roofed in with a vault rising
from the walls where the space to be
covered was not too large.

CAVASION
CAVATION

Excavations from foundations of

buildings a cellar.
;

CAVEA

C AVE^-E

CAV^EIA

["

CAVAZION J

Roman

amphitheatres, a cell
or cave where the wild beasts
were kept ready for fights in
the arena.

In

A hollow moulding, whose prodoes not exceed a quarter of a circle

projection should never be more than
two-thirds its altitude. (See Cove.)

CAVETTO.
file

its

CAVO RELIEVO.
CEILING.

Egyptian carving in

relief.

The inside of a roof the top of

an apartment opposite to the floor it may
;

have a horizontal or curved surface a

name given to boards planed and matched.
CEILING JOIST. Small beams, called joists,
on which the lath is placed, readv *^;

plastering.

;;

CHA

CEL
The space between the walls of a
Greek temple, called by Greeks "Naos."
It is also applied to an interior, retired
place ;,some writers apply it to the most

CELL.

sacred part of the temple.

The lower story of

CELLAR.

Same

CHAMBRANILE
CHAMBRANLE

is
i

CELTIC OR DRUIDICAL ARCHITECTURE.

CEMENT. Any

glutinous or other substance

capable of uniting bodies together into one
common mass.

CENOTAPH
A tomb generally erected as
CENOTAPHIUM V an honorary tribute to the
CANOTAPH
deceased whose body may
)

rest in other lands.

CENTERING.

The act of constructing

centre.

CENTRE.

frame-work of timber, the convex side of which is formed to correspond

with the concavity of an arch, and used to
support the arch while in progress of construction.

CENTRE.

In geometry, a point in a solid

or surface.

CHAMFER
An arris, taken off a rightCHAMFERED [ angle corner, at an angle of
CHAMPHER
forty-five degrees, the termii

term applied to a class of structures

composed of unhewn stones of great size,
the erection of which is generally attributed to the ancient Celts.

opening.
It is often ornamented in fret
and carved work,

That part of the Capital in the

below the annulet, under the ovolo.

upper apartment in a buildroom.

The frame-work surrounding a door or window
\

in", often applied to a sleeping

as Cellar, or relating

Roman, Doric and Tuscan orders which

hall, a part of a
court of justice.

white substance found in most

parts of the world. It is a carbonate of
lime, insoluble in water but decomposed by

CHAMBER. An

thereto.

CELLARING

J"

CHALK. A
heat.

a building
sometimes built entirely under ground
(See
for a store-room.
Basement.)
generally used

CELLARAGE.

CHALCIDICUM A
CHALCIDIC^E

nations being moulded or beveled.

groove or channel in the
shaft of a column.

CHAMFERET. A
CHAMFERING.
CHAMPAIN. In

(See Chamfer.)

carved work, a conjunction

of straight lines, forming indentations similar to the projecting parts, either ascend-

ing or descending.
The flat surface or groundwork of
a sculptured Ornament.
J
CHANCEL. In the cathedrals of England, the
easternmost portion, or apsis, appropriated
to the use of the clergy, and those officiating in public services.
CHANDELIER. An ornamental pendant, suspended from the ceiling of an apartment,
through which gas passes to the burners,
and which supports the globes, etc.

CHAMP
CHAMPE

CHANDRY. An
lamps,

etc.,

apartment

in

which candles,

are stored.

CENTRES OF DOORS. The pivot of the hinge

CHANNEL. A

on which the door swings or the joining

of two doors.
CENTRE OF GRAVITY. That point at which
all the weight of a mass might be collected

CHANNEL OF THE LARMIER.

without disturbing the equilibrium of the

body.
CENTRE OF PRESSURE. That point at which
pressure of any kind is brought by one body
against another.

CENTRE PHONIC.

In acoustics, the position

and the point from which

emanates the sound.
CENTRE PHONOCAMPTIC. That place or
object which returns the voice. In acousof a speaker

tics.

CEROMA.
CESSPOOL.

Ancient

Roman

baths.

basin or sink, generally located

at the mouth of a sewer or drain as a receptacle for refuse matter.

CESTOPHORI
CESTOPHORUS

Sculptures of the

female

figure used in architectural construction.

\

CHACE. A groove cut in

CHACE MORTICE. A
when a

the face of a wall.

mortice

employed

transverse piece of timber

is

to be

between two parallel beams.

BOND. See Chain Timber.

let in

CHAIN
CHAIN TIMBER. A piece

of timber used as a
band, generally placed in the centre of a
building, and built into a wall to strengthen the structure.
CHALCIDECUS. A temple anciently dedicated
to Minerva, constructed entirely of brass.

Roman

gutter in the cornice of

building for the conveyance of water.

(See Canal

of the Larmier.

CHANNEL STORES. (See Channel.)

CHANTLATE. A piece of timber secured

to
the rafters, and projecting beyond the face
of wall, for the purpose of supporting the
cornice and roof, performing the same service as a bracket.

CHANTRY. A

small chapel, in which mass

is

chanted or celebrated.
detached building, convenient
to, and under the control of a cathedral;
used for divine services.
CHAPITER. A term used to denote a capital
of a column.
CHAPLET. A small fillet cut into beads; used
in ornamentation.

CHAPEL. A

CHAPTER HOUSE. A

building

detached,

yet convenient to a cathedral; and used,

in connection with the same, for the holding of canonical meetings.

CHAPTREL. (Same as Impost.)

CHAR An old term, meaning hewn
)

CHARE

or

wrought.

CHARGED.

term used in the practice of

architecture, implying that one portion of
an edifice is sustained by another.

CHARNEL HOUSE (Lat.) A

building for the

reception of the dead.

CHARTOPHYLACIUM (Gr.) A
or alcove.

recess, niche,

CHRONOLOGICAL COLUMN.

CHA

CIR

CHASE MORTISE.

(Same as Chace

CHATEAU (Fr.) A country seat

Mortise.)

a castle.

CHOIR.

That part of a cathedral set apart for

the use of singers and organ. The term is
sometimes applied to the chancel.
The
choir is generally separated from the bod\
of the church by arches, a rood screen, or
r

CHAUNTRY.

(See Chantry.)

CHEEKS. Two

equal or similar portions of a

CHORAGIC MONUMENTS.

timber.

CHEEKS OF A MORTISE.

The two

solid

portions each side of the mortise.

PIECE. The triangular side of an
area, or steps to a building.

CHEEK

CHEQUERS.

In masonry, the facing stone or

ashlars, having all their joints around a
building in a straight line.
CHEST. In bridge work, same as Caisson.
CHEVET. (Same as Chancel or Apse.
CHEVRON. A zigzag ornament used in
arches and archivolts of Norman architecture, and one of the distinguishing features
:

In geometry, a regular figure

thousand sides and angles.

CHIMNEY. A passage,
the smoke and
the open air.

or flue, through which

cinders, from a fire, pass to

CHIMNEY JAMB AND BREAST.

tion of a

chimney on which

That porplaced the

is

That portion of a chimney extending above the roof, and constructed ornamentally, often of terra cotta,
brick, etc.

CHINESE ARCHITECTURE.

That style em-

ployed by the inhabitants of China and

Japan in the erection of their temples,
pagodas, and houses.
It is supposed to
have reached maturity about the year 1760.
We cannot pretend to give any classification of the varied degrees through which
the style has passed to reach its present
gratifying to know that,
through the researches of Sir Wm. Chambers, and others, we have a complete description of their most noted buildings, and we
are led to believe that, for grandeur and
stage.

But

it

is

richness, their pagodas and temples have

few equals amongst the more classic styles
of our own country, and we have in the
Great Wall of China one of the most stupendous undertakings of ancient or modern
history.

The pagodas are innumerable

all

over

the land, but the Porcelain Tower, at Nangkin, is considered to be the greatest work
of art, the height of which is 260 feet.
The Temple of Honang is the most magnificent structure, of its kind, in the world.
The Great Wall is 1,500 miles in length.
It is constructed of brick and mortar, 25
feet thick at its base, diminishing, at a
height of 20 feet, to 15 on top. At intervals
of 200 feet are towers, 40 feet square and
37 feet high, built in a most substantial

and

CHIP.

lasting

manner.

piece of material cut

away by a

tool.

CHISELED WORK.
face

worked by a

CHOCK. A

piece of
between timbers.

Stone-work that has a

chisel.

wood used

to

fill

a joint

In Grecian arerected to the

the extremities
of an arch, or the right lines joining the
extremities of an arch on the springing
line.

CHRISMATORY.

In Gothic architecture, a
niche in the chancel.

CHROND. A vault, or crypt.

CHRONOLOGICAL COLUMN.

column

erected to commemorate some event, and

bearing the history and dates of the same.

Stucco, or plaster.

CHURCH. A

public edifice set apart for the

worship of the Deity.

CHYMOL. An ancient hinge.

CIBORIUM.

In ecclesiastical architecture, the

covering to an altar. A canopy.
The leaves, foliage and carvings to
the capital of a column.

CILERY.
CILL.

mantel.

CHIMNEY SHAFT.

monuments

chitecture,

memory of great men.

CHORD. The extent between

CHUNAM.

of the style.

CHILIAGON.
of a

railing.

(See

Sill.)

CIMA INVERSA. A

moulding, serving. the

excepting
uppermost.
CIMA RECTA. A moulding, generally used
as the crowning one to a cornice, and is
composed of a concave and convex moulding, the former being uppermost.

same purpose

as Cima-Recta,

the convex portion

CIMBIA.

fillet,

CIMMEIJARCH
CINCTURE.

is

string,

list,

or cincture.

The vestry room of a church.

f

The annular

nation of a column at

its

fillet

at the termi-

neck or base. (See

Apophyge.)

CINQUE CENTO.

That style of architecture

which prevailed in Italy and readied its
greatest perfection A. D. 1560.

CINQUE

FOIL.

An ornament much

used in

the pointed style of architecture, consisting of five cusps or points, arranged at

stated intervals.

CIPPUS.

CIRCLE.

short column, often without base

or capital.

figure contained under one line

called the circumference, which we divide
into 360 equal parts, called degrees. Each
degree is divided into 60 equal parts, called
minutes. Each minute is divided into 60
equal parts, called seconds; and they, in
turn, are divided into 60 equal parts, called
thirds.
The area of a circle is equal to that of a
triangle, the base of which is equal to the

circumference, and the perpendicular equal

to the radius, and consequently equal to a
rectangle whose breadth is equal to the
radius, and the length equal to the semicircumference.

An orb; a small circle.

CIRCULAR CYLINDRO. Lines
CIRCLET.

formed by

the intersection of two cylinders whose

axes are not in the same direction.

CLOISTER

CLEAR STORY
CLE RE STORY

CLUSTERED ARCH

COL

CIR

CIRCUMFERENCE. The

line

term used to denote the covering of any portion of a building with any

which bounds

a circular body.

To draw a

CIRCUMSCRIBE.

circle

around a

material, as coat of paint, etc.

|

raised high enough to give head room under it for workmen, while constructing the

Ancient term for chest.

CISTERN. A tank or reservoir for the holding

masonry.

of water.

COCKING.

Relating to the framing or notching of floor joist onto timbers.

fortification, or military

post.

COCKLE STAIRS. A winding stairs.

COCK LOFT. The top room in a building.

CIVIL ARCHITECTURE.

An attic room.
COEDISTANT. At equal distances.
COiLUM. The soffit of a ceiling.
CQSMENTICIUS. Stone-work laid up without

CLAY.
CLEAR.

Calcareous earth.
term used to denote the space or
distance between two portions of a building, as in the clear.
CLEAR STORY The upper story of a church

CLERE STORY

body

clear of the

term

is

rising above
of the building.

edifice

and
The

generally applicable to Gothic ar-

chitecture.

ouilding.

CLOISTER GARTH. A
by the walls of a

CLOSE STRING.

COENACULUM.

The dining

hall of a

Roman

house.

COHNATEO. A banquet hall of a Roman house;

also used to designate

COFFER.

an arbor.

A sunken octagonal or square panel,

used by the

Romans
and

of flat ceilings
drical vaults.

COFFER DAM. A

to decorate the soffits

the intradoses of cylin-

timber framing employed

in bridge building or where deep foundations are built in water.

COGGING. (Same as Cocking.)

COIGNE. (Same as Coin.) A wedge.
COIN
(Ft.) The blocks of stone generally

Relating to a stairway en-

closed between walls.

In masonry, a small stone used to

finish out a course.
small apartment generally used
A
CLOSET.
for storage, clothing, etc.

CLOSE WALL. An
CLUB HOUSE. A building

generally erected

and used by an association of gentlemen

for the purpose of recreation and pleasure.

A diminutive

castle within

enclosing walls.

In architectural construction,

term denotes any parts joined or

grouped together.
this

CLUSTERED ARCH. A
CLUSTERED COLUMN.

series of arches.

(Same

as

Bundle

Pillar.

COACH HOUSE. A

building devoted to the

keeping of vehicles.

used to decorate and finish the ex)

The angle
ternal angle of a building.
made by two external or internal surfaces.
beveled block for the support of a column
or pilaster.
COLARIN. (See Collarino.)
ring or bead surrounding a
COLLAR.
cylindrical body.

COLLAR BEAM. A beam

used in the construction of roofs, extending from one

rafter horizontally to another, acting as a

COLLARINO
COLARIN
between

That part of a classic column

directly under the abacus, and

and the

it

A public

COLLEGE.

fillet

or collar.

building used for educa-

tional purposes.

COLONELLI

The king or queen

(Ital.)

posts

of a roof truss.

COLONNADE

enclosing wall.

(Lat.)

QUOIN

tie.

central space enclosed

cloister.

CLOSER.

CLUSTERED.

mortar.
|

A narrow strip of wood generally

secured to a wall.
hard-burned brick.
CLINKER.
CLOACAE. A Roman-built drain or sewer.
CLOCHARIUM. A bell or clock tower.
CLOGHEAD. A term usually applied to the
ancient round stone towers of Ireland.
CLOISTER (Lat.) A covered communication
or range of buildings generally attached to,
or a portion of, a monastic or religious

CLEAT.

CLUSELLA

and

COCHLEARE (Lat.) A round and lofty tower.

COCK HEAD. (Same as Bead.)
COCKET CENTERING. An arch centering

CIST.

The practice of
architecture embracing the erection of
buildings for civil use.
piece of material used in building
CLAMP.
to brace and tie the work together.
thin board, used as a coverCLAPBOARD.
ing to walls of frame buildings.
CLASSICAL ARCHITECTURE. The several
styles practiced by the Greeks and Romans.
bar of iron or wood used to
CLATHRI.
secure doors.
CLAUSTRAL. Relating to a cloister.

built of lime, straw

earth.

spirals or windings of the Ionic volute.

large enclosed space, circular in
CIRCUS.
form, generally surrounded by buildings.

CIRCUMVOLUTIONS. The

A tower,

A wall

COB WALL.

figure.

CITADEL.

COATING.

range of columns,
either insulated or attached to a wall.
The name given to a
(Lat.)
COLISEUM
(Ital.)

COLOSSEUM

celebrated structure at Rome,

f
building erected in a
erected A. D. 80.
circular or elleptical form. The Coliseum
at Rome was commenced by Vespasian and
finished by Titus. Its length was 620 feet;
width, 513 feet; height, 160 feet.

COLOSSUS

The name given

(Lat.)

to a cele-

brated statue at Rhodes.

COLUMA

(Lat.)

COLUMBARIA
COLUMBARIUM

A pigeon

A
)

column.
(Lat.) Holes left in

house.

Roman

walls to receive timbers.

C0RJNTTJ1AN"

ORDER OF ARCHITECTURE. COMPOSITE ORDER OF ARCHITECTURE

COR

COL

COLUMBARY. A

CONICAL ROOF. A

pigeon house.

COLUMELLAS.

(Same as Baluster.

COLUMN

shape and

perpendicular pillar, post

used to support some superincumbent weight or part of a building.

(Lat.)
or solid body

roof partaking of the

character of a cone.

An

CONISTERIUM.

COLUMNAR. Shaped or formed like a column.

COLUMNIATED STAIRS. Winding stairs.

CONOID

COLUMNIATION.

CONSERVATORY

Relating to the use of the

column.

COMITIUM

(Lat.)

large hall in a

Roman

forum.

COMMISSURE (Lat.)

COMMON

The joints of stone-work.

RAFTER. The straight plain rafters

of a roof framing.

prtion or
c8MpioSl(
N Fr-on of an edifice.
-)

gSMPD

COMPARTMENT
room

divi -

CEILING.

The

ceiling of a
divided into coffers or panels.

COMPASS-HEADED.

Circular-headed, as a

window.

COMPASS ROOF. A ridged roof. A

circular

COMPASS WINDOW. (Same as Bay Window.)

COMPLUVIUM (Lat.) Gutters of a Roman
The opening

at the top of the

Roman house.
COMPOSITE ARCH. A pointed or gothic arch.
COMPOSITE ORDER OF ARCHITECTURE.
cavsedium of a

The last of the five orders of architecture,

so called because it is a composition of
several parts of the remaining four.

COMPOUND ARCHES.

Arches placed one

within another and receding eacli from
the other, used in Gothic work principally.
COMPOUND COLUMN. (Same as Bundle
Pillar.)

CONCAMERATA SUDATIO. An
in a

apartment

Roman gymnasium.

CONCAMERATE. To arch over.

CONCAVE. A semicircular hollow surface.
CONCENTRIC. In geometry, objects having
a common centre.
CONCENTRIC ARCH. One formed with a
common centre.

CONCHA. The

concave surface of a vault or

semi-dome.

CONCLAVE. A room in the Vatican at Rome.

CONCORD. A celebrated temple at Rome.
CONCRETE. In architecture and building, a
composition of aggregates and cement.
(Fr.) A water conductor. A passage
from one building to another. Generally
applied to a secret passage.
CONE. A geometrical solid whose base is a
circle, from which it extends upwards to
a point or apex.

CONDUIT

CONE BRACKETING.

The frame-work

of a

cone-shaped ceiling.

CONE CEILING.

(Same as Cove Ceiling.)

CONFESSIONAL. The seat occupied by a
priest

Partaking of the figure of the

(Gr.)

(Lat.)
building used for
the preservation of any special object, as a
conservatory for flowers.
CONSISTORY (Lat.) One of the halls of the

Vatican at Rome.

CONSOL (Fr.) (Same as Cantiliver.)

CONTABULATE. To floor with boards.
CONTIGNATION (Lat.) A floor or framing
of joists.

A building

(Lat.)

ious exercises

CONVEX.

devoted to

and educational

relig-

pursuits.

Sphericity of form. Roundness.

In architecture, the har-

CO-ORDINATES.
mony of parts.

COPARTMENT.

(Same as Apartment.)

COPE.

or vaulted roof.

building.

Roman

of a theatre,

cone.

CONVENT

apartment in a

gymnasium.
The central part
termed the pit or parquette.

CONISTRA.

during confession.

CONGE. (Same as Apophyge.)

CONICAL. Resembling a cone.

To arch over.
COPE STONE. (Same as Coping.)
COPING. The top or cap stone used to finish
a wall and protect it from the weather.

CORB.

(See Corbel.)

CORBEL
CORB ALL

[-

CORBIL

In Gothic architecture, plain or

ornamental projections from the
face of a wall to receive a
weight, as the ends of a truss, ribs of a
)

vault, etc.

CORBEL TABLE
CORBEL STEPS [ A row

or series of corbels.

CORBIEL
PORRFTT
CORBETTIS \ Same as Corbel-) A niche.
CORBIE STEPS. A corruption of Corbel Table.
)

A Spanish term for architectural

ornamentation.
(Same as Chord.
A measurement of
stone-work.
CORDON. The projecting edge of a stone

CORBS.

CORD.

where

it

is

visible

beyond the face of a

wall.

CORE.

Applied to the interior of any piece of

architectural construction.

rORF

TTOTTSF

pnnF I A house for the storage of

CORFF HOUSE \ fish aud kee P in S of nets
CORICEUM (Gr.) Same as Concamerata Su)

cci pttt?

"

datio.

CORINTHIAN ORDER OF ARCHITECTURE.

The term applied to the most ornate and
richly foliated of the five orders of architecture, and the third in succession. The
first being the Doric.
This order derived
its name from the fact of its invention by
Callimachus, a sculptor of Corinth, about
540 B. C.

CORKSCREW

STAIRS.

Winding

stairs.

CORNELL. (Same as Battlement.)

CORNICE (Lat.) Any collection of mouldCORN1SH f ings or architectural design sur)

mounting or
building.

finishing

any portion of a

CUS

COR

CORONA

(Lat.) The broad vertical

of a classical cornice.

member

COROSTROTA (Lat.) Roman inlaid work.

CORPS (Fr.) Any architectural detail projecting from the plain surface of a wall.
hall, gallery or commu(Fr.)
nication from one portion of a building to
another.
CORRUGATED IRON. Sheet iron bent into
corrugations.
CORSA.
flat square moulding, as Belt,

CORRIDOR

which

see.

CORTILE.

A court yard.

COTTAGE.

Generally

CRIPPLE TIMBER.

CROCKET
CROKET
CROCHET

In Gothic architecture, the

foliated ornament used to finish and decorate the arris of
spires, gables, etc.

CROSETTES.

religion.

CROSS-BANDED. A term used in stair-work.

CROSS-BEAM. A transverse beam.

CROSS- VAULTING.

COUPLE CLOSE. A pair of rafters.

COUPLED COLUMNS. A pair of columns,
where columns are

set in pairs.

Rafters.

A continued range of

slate, etc.

stone, brick,

as used in building.

of masonry.

An

open uncovered area in or about

a building.

COURT HOUSE. A

building where justice

is

administered.
)

springer of an arch.

Any class of moulding or construction

whose section partakes of a concave form.
COVE BRACKETING. The frame or furring
work of a cove ceiling.
COVE CEILING. The ceiling of a room formed
COVE.

after the cove.

term used by

slaters

In architecture, the uppermost por-

Applied

to the

topmost

mould of a classical cornice.

POST. (Same as King Post.)
CRYPT. (Same as Cellar. Generally applied

CROWN

to the

underground portion of a cathedral.

CRYPT PORTICUS.
Roman

CUBE

Relating to cellars of

houses.

(Gr.)

In geometry, a

solid,

bounded

six squares, or sides.

CUBIC ULE
CUBICLE

CUBICULUM

)
-

(Same as Chamber.)

CUDDY. A small hut.

CUL-DE-FOUR A lmv
CU-DE-FOUR
)

14
vai,lted
.

chamber.
,

CUL-DE-SAC.

A kind

one

of court, open at

end only.

CULMEN. The ridge-piece of a

CULVERT. An arched drain.
CUNEUS. The central portion

roof.

of a

Roman

theatre.

'UPBOARD. (Same as closet.

CUPOLA. (Same as Dome.) Particularly
(

CRADLE. (Same

as Cove Bracketing.)
frame-work in vaulted ceilings.
CRAMP. (Same as Anchor.)

Applied to a door turning on

used

to designate a small vault rising in a circucurve from a circular or

octagonal plan.

lar or elleptical

CURB-PLATE. The

wail-plate as used on a

circular wall.

pivots.

CREASING.

A layer of

forming a cap-

tiles

ping to a wall.

CREDENCE. A

shelf used

table or

in the

chancel.

CREEPER.

(Same as Crocket.

CRENELLATED
\
CRENELLE
}

a
(Same
,

The apex or

as Battlement.)

finish of

any

architect-

ural design.

CREST TILES. The

last

row

of tiles at the

ridge of a roof.

CREUX.

of a vault.

tion.

to denote

the lap of one slate over another.

COWL.
cover for a chimney.

CREST.

The groins

(Same as Crypt.)

CROWN MOULD.

by

COUSINET The stone that surmounts a pier

COUSSINET
and upon which rests the first

CRAPAUDINE.

CROUDE
CROWN.

COURSING JOINT. The joint between courses

cruciform foliated
ornament.
ROSS-SILL. (Same as Cross-Beam.)
ROSS-SPRINGER. (Same as Cross-Beam.)
ROSS-SUMMER. (Same as Cross-Beam.)

general surface.

COVER.

as Cross- Beam,
(

(Same as Cottage.)

COURT.

(Same

ROSS-QUARTERED A
ROSS-QUARTERS

a small

to

COUNTERFORT. (Same as Buttress.)

COUNTER SINK. Any portion sunk below

COUPLES.
COURSE.

(Same as Ancon.)

In architecture, a geometrical figure

consisting of an upright and two arms,
generally used to symbolize the Christian

COULLIsIe^ A grooved timber.

or

(Fr.)

CROSS.

dwelling.

COTE.

>-

ROSS-PIECE,

applied

(See Couples.

class of sculpture cut

from and

sunk below the surrounding surface

CRIB. A frame-work of timber, as a
dam, which see.

coffer

CURB -RAFTER.
CURB-ROOF. A

(See Curb-Roof.)

CURIA. (Same as
CURTAIL-STEP.

Basilica.)

roof whose external form

partakes of the segment of a circle, the
rafters of which are segmental or elliptical
in form.

In early stair-building, the

a flight of stairs. It derived its name from the fact of one end
being curtailed or reduced in the form of a
first

step

in

scroll.

CURVE.

In geometry, a line partaking of the

form of the

circle.

CUSHION-CAPITAL. (Same as Cousinet.

CUSHION-RAFTER. A principal rafter

cus

DIR

CUSP

DEMI-METOPE.

In Gothic work, the pendant

terminations or points formed by the finishing and intersections of the geometrical
lines by which the trefoil, quatrefoil, cin(Lat.)

CYCLOID (Gr.) A

DEPOT

j-

CIMA

section

is

Properly a building

(Fr.)

military

stores.

the
railway

for

DESIGN.

In architectural drawing, the delineation or drawing of any portion of a

building.

whose

DESK. (Same as Pulpit)

DESTINA. (The same as Aisle

a curve of contrary

flexure, one that is formed by

two segments struck from different centres,
same as Ogee.
CYMB1A. (Same as Bead.)
CYPHERING. (Same as Chamfer.)
CYZICENE. A hall in an ancient Greek house.

storage of
building.

CYLINDRICAL ARCH. A circular arch.

CYLINDRICAL CEILING. A vault or dome.

A classic moulding

DENTELS
tances.

ing a circular plan.

(Gr.)

or solids
placed in a cornice at equal dis-

).

The massive

CYCLOSTYLAR. A circular range of columns.

CYLINDER (Gr.) In geometry, a figure hav-

fig-

ures are in half -relief.

construction practiced by the early Greeks.

CYMA
CYMATUM

DEMI-RELIEVO.

DENTICLES. (Same as Dentils.)

DENTILS (Lat.) A row of blocks

circular geometrical figure.

(architecture).

of a

Sculpture, where the

Metope.
1

quefoil, polyfoil, etc., are described.

CYCLOPEAN

The half

(See Metope.)

A column.

DETACHED COLUMN. A

same

as Cell.)

column standing

clear of a wall.
I

DETAIL

The delineation to full size,

any portion of an archi-

(Fr.)

or large scale, of
tectural design.

DIAGLYPHIC.

Sculpture of the nature of

engraved work.
(Gr.) In geometry, a line drawn
through a figure from the vertex of one

DIAGONAL

angle to another.

ADO
I)

(Ital.)
Properly the body, or solid
plain portion of a classic pedestal
that
portion of the wall of a room between and
above the base and the next collection of
;

mouldings.
A building devoted to the keeping of
milk and the manufacture of butter, etc.

DAIRY.

DAIS A raised platform or rostrum.

DEIS \
DAM. A construction of lumber, stone,

etc.,

DAY. (Same

or post, used
of an extra

support.

DEAFENING. Any method

of construction

used in buildings to deaden sound.

DEALS. (Same as Boards.) Generally applied
to fir and pine cut up into lumber one inch

Fragments of rock, brick and rub-

bish.

DECAGON
sides

(Gr.)

plain figure having ten

and angles.

DECAHEDRON

(Gr.)
tained in ten sides.

solid

DECANICUM. A prison.
DECASTYLE. A colonnade

figure

con-

FRET.

moulding shaped into

The decoration of any plain surface

in raised work, generally consisting of scroll,

leaf and flower work.

DIAPERING.
DIASTYLE.

(Same as Diaper.)

certain space between the

classic building equal to three
diameters of the column. Sometimes the
term designates the building constructed

columns of a
in this

manner.

vestibule to a Greek house.

(Same as Quoin, or Coin.)
DIATONIC STONE. (Same as Coin.
DIDORON. A Greek brick, 13 inches long
and G inches wide.

DIATONI.

(Sax.) A wall of stone or construction of other materials, as iron or

timber, for the purpose of preventing the
action of a large body of water upon the
soil, or shore.

DIKE

DYKE
of ten columns.

DECORATED STYLE.

The term applied to

that classification of Gothic architecture
which embraced the highly enriched and
ornamental buildings erected in England
during the close of the 13th and beginning
of the 14th century.

DECORATION. The enrichment

of any poran architectural construction.

DEFLECTION. A term applied to the act of
a curve departing from a straight line.
tion of

DELUBRUM

passing through

DIATHYRA. The

in thickness.

DEBRIS.

detail.

A straight line

diamond-like sections.

DIAPER.

as Bay.)
)

passing diagonally
to another.
In architecture, a plan, design or

the centre of a circle.

DIAMOND

(Same as Chevron -)
}

DEAD SHORE A prop, brace,

DEAD SHOAR
in the sense

(Same as Chevron.)

from one point of a vault

DIAGRAM.
DIAMETER.

for the purpose of confining water.

placed at the

angle of a building.

DIAGONAL MOULDING.
DIAGONAL RIB. One
drawing of any

DANCETT

DIAGONAL BUTTRESS. One

A Roman temple.

DIMINISHED ARCHES.
line is less

Those whose outthan a semicircle.

DIMINUTION OF COLUMNS. The

tion of a classic

contracto

column from the base

the capital.

DINING ROOM.

That apartment of a modern

house devoted to the serving of meals.
DIPTERON. An ancient classical temple surrounded with a double row of columns.

DIRETTA.

(Same as Cima Recta.)

DWE

DIS

DISCHARGING ARCH. An

arch built in
stone or brick walls for the purpose of discharging the weight, that would otherwise
bear directly on the lintel, to the wall.

DISCHARGING STRUTS.

The same

as

principal rafter in a roof-framing.

DISHING.

In the nature of a cove.

DISPLUVINATED CA VADIUM.

BoucSraB

DISTYLE

two columns,

portico of
generally in Antis.
(Gr.)

DITRIGLYPH.

The act

of placing

two

tri-

glyphs over an inter-columniation in the

Oriental

chamber

or public hall.

seat.

A reservoir or water-basin.

DIVTDICULA.

DODECAGON
sides

and

Having twelve equal

(Gr.)

pieces of

one of which

sides,

is

DODECASTYLE (Gr.) A classic

building having a portico of twelve columns.

Norman

DOME

(Lat.)
The covering to an octagonal
or circular vault, presenting a convex external surface.

DOMESTIC ARCHITECTURE. The

practice
of architecture when it relates to the erection of private buildings and houses.

DOMICILE

DONJON
DONGEON
DOOKS.

A P ersonal

[
)

residence.

The principal tower of a Norman

castle

Wood

a prison.

brick.

DOORS

(Sax.) That part of an architectural

construction used to close the aperture
from one apartment to another.

DOOR-JAMB. The moulded

side of a door-

way.

DOOR-PLANE. Same

DOORWAY.

as Door-Jamb.

The aperature

one apartment

or passage from

to another.

DORIC ORDER. The

of the five orders

of architecture. Properly, the original and
most ancient example of Greek art, originated about B. C. 100.
first

DORMAN. A cross-beam.
DORMAN TREE
DORMANT TREE A joist or sleeper.
)

DORMER
DORMANT

)
<j

window

particularly applica-

ble to attics

and

roofs.

DORMITORY. An attic sleeping-room.

DORON. The standard rule of Grecian measurement, generally termed

DOS D'ANE

(Ft.)

a, palm.
term synonymous with

coping.

DOSEL.

Upholstery hangings.

fastening

two

together.

moulding used

arches.

Shore.

conduit for sewage.

DRAW-BORE
DRAW-BORE PINS

[
\

Terms used

in truss construction or framing

of timbers.

DRAWING. The

art of representing objects

or parts of a building.
The preparation of stone for buildingpurposes.

DRESSER.
used

DRAUGHT. Same as a drawing.

portion.

in the Early English style.

Cima Recta

kneeler block, or short

piece of timber used to strengthen the
foot of a principal truss-rafter.

DRESS.

built

as

DOWEL. A wooden pin.

DRAGON-BEAM. Same as Dead

STAIRS. A flight of stairs

between partitions, the upper portion
of which returns in opposition to the lower

DOG-LEGGED

DOG-TOOTH MOULDING. A moulding

wood

DOVETAIL MOULDING.

DRAIN.
In geometry, a figure

having twelve equal

a pentagon.

Same

DRAGON-PIECE.

angles.

DODECAHEDRON (Gr.

DOVECOT. A pigeon house.

DOVETAIL. The method of
in

classic styles.

An

(See Cavse-

dium.)

DIVAN.

DOUBLE BUILDING
Terms applied to
DOUBLE COLUMN
different parts of
DOUBLE CURVATURE
a building to deDOUBLE DOORS
note more than
DOUBLE SASH
one, or twice the
DOUBLE STAIRS
number.
DOUBLE VAULT
DOUBLING (Scotch.) Same as Barge Board.

A case

of shelves or drawers.

DRESSING ROOM. A

room, generally adjoining a sleeping room, used for the preparation

of the toilet.
DRESSINGS. In architecture, the embellishment of a design by the addition of ornaments, mouldings, etc.
DRIP. The edge of a roof, as the eaves.
DRIPS. Steps on flat roofs for walking on.

DRIP-MOULD A

moulding or projection of
I
stone generally placed over
a window or doorway for the purpose of
throwing off the rain.
DROMUS. An enclosed entrance or vestibule.
DROPS. In architecture, small pendants, as
under the mutules of the Doric cornice.

DRIP-STONE

DROVED ASHLAR
DROVED MARGINS
DROVED WORK

[
)

In stone-work, a tooled
margin on the edjje
or around the face of

a stone.

DRUIDICAL TEMPLE. The

ancient stone
constructions of the Druids.
cylindrical construction of any
building material. (See Dome.)
CAPITAL. (See Bell.)
OF

DRUM. A

DRUM

KILN. A mechanical apparatus for the

purpose of drying lumber.
DRY-ROT. A vegetable disease of a destructive nature affecting wood.
DUBBING. The act of replacing decayed

DRY

brick in an old wall.

A term given to ancient specimens of
round stone towers generally built on a

DUN.

mound

or

hill.

DWANGS. Scotch term for a Brace.

DWARF-WALL. A low or subordinate wall.
DWELLING HOUSE. A private resident.

EQU

DYE
DYE.

Same

form of an
Ul P telc
Ah Dinterc

An

ELIPTIC ARCH.

as Dado.

DYPTERION bame
DUPTERRON \ g

arch constructed on the

Ellipsis.

ELLIPSIS An angular
ELLIPSE
;

conic section.

ELLIPSOID.

solid formed by the revolution of a semi-ellipsis around its axis.

EARLY

ENGLISH ARCHITECTURE.

grade of the English Gothic

first

Same

EARS.

Ancones

as

EARTH-TABLE.

The

style.

water-table.

Same

as

Belt Course.

EAVES (Sax.) The edge of a roof.

EAVES BOARD. Same as Barge Board.
EAVES CORNICE. The mouldings finishing
the eaves.

EAVES LATH
EAVES STRIP

A small strip of wood used

under the first course of

slate.

EAVES LEAD. The lead lining used in eaves.

EAVES MOULDING. Same as Eaves Cornice.
ECCENTRICITY.
foci of

an

The distance between the

ellipsis.

ECCLESIASTICAL

ARCHITECTURE. A

term sometimes applied to Gothic art.

(Gr.) A convex moulding carved

ECHINUS

into egg-shaped spheroids, used in Greek

and Roman architecture.

ECHOMETRY. The

science of the
applied to buildings.

Echo

as

(Gr.)

faces.

In geometry, the intersection of two

EDGE.

inclined or partially inclined planes.

EDGE-JOINT. The joint formed by two edges.

EDGING. Relating to the term Edge. The
waste edge of sawn timber.

EDIFICE

(Lat.)

EDILE

(Lat.)

A term

synonymous with archi-

tect.

A term used to designate

EGG MOULDING [ the ornamental carving of the Echinus.

EGG AND TONGUE
EGYPTIAN ARCHITECTURE. That style of
)

architecture practiced by the ancient Egyptians.

ELBOW BOARD. A window sill or stool.

ELBOWS OF A WINDOW. The panel-work
each side of a window having boxed inside
The term frequently applies to the
blinds.
space between the bottom of the blind or
shutter and the floor.

IlFng f Same
ELEOTHESION

cs aisle

In

Roman

Art,

an

anointing room.

A term used to designate a

drawing or design of a facade.

ELEVATION.

ELEVATOR. A
age of grain.

ELIZABETHAN

building devoted to the storA lifting apparatus.

ARCHITECTURE.

That

style of English architecture that reached

perfection and was practiced during the

Tudor and Elizabethan dynasties.

its

usually applied to a
wall constructed on the bank of a body of
water.

EMBATTLED BUILDING. One finished with

embrasures in the parapet wall.

EMBATTLED BATTLED LINE

EMBATTLED LINE
EMBATTLED ARONADE

)
-

See Battle
Embattled,
Battlement

and Aronade.

EMBLEMATA. Roman

mosaic work.

EMBOSSING. Carved work

Same as Basso-Rilievo.

EMBRASURE
EMBR AZURE

in

low

relief.

The splay or bevel of a door

or

window jamb.

(See Battle-

ment. )

Roman

EMPLECTION.

rubble masonry of an

inferior character.

ENCARPUS. Same as Carving.

ENDECAGON. In geometry, a

figure

with

eleven sides and angles.

a wall from one-fourth to one-half of

to
its

diameter.

ENGLISH ARCHITECTURE. A

general term
used to designate the several grades of
Gothic art as practiced by the English from
the tenth to the fifteenth century.

ENGLISH BOND.
ENNEAGON. In
sides

(See

Bond

English.)

geometry, a figure of nine

and angles.

A rail

or trench in a

Roman am-

phitheatre.

ENSEMBLE

A term used

to signify the
general effect in architecture.
(Fr.)

ENTABLATURE
ENIABLEMENT

{
J

(Fr.)
(Lat.)

That part of a
sic

clas-

building resting

immediately on the columns, and forming

the lower part of the cornice, as the archi-

Same as Coping.
A term used to designate elaborate
carved decoration. (Now obselete.
trave and frieze.

ENTAIL.

ENTASIS.

The swelling or curvilinear line of

the Grecian and Doric columns.

ENTER-CLOSE. A
ENTRANCE. Same

passage.

as Entry.

ENTRESOLE (Fr.) An intermediate

ENTRY (Fr.) Same as Vestibule.
EPISTLE.

EPISTYLE

story.

An

EPIGRAPH.

(Lat.)

EMBANKMENT. A term

ENRIPUS.

term generally applied to

a public building.

EGGS

Relating to the

ENGAGED COLUMN. A column attached

A term used to designate

the projection of a moulding
beyond the face of the surrounding sur-

ECPHORA
ECPHORAN

ELLIPSOID ELLIPSOIDAL.
Ellipsoid.

same as Crosettes.

The

inscription on a building.
side of an altar.

EPISTYLUM \ (Gr.) Same as Architrave.

EPISTYLAR ARCUATION. The method
/

of

constructing arches from column to col-

umn.

EPITITHEDAS tn r, Same
Q
EPITITHYDES ("
EQUAL ANGLES. Circles,
|

and

solids.

parts.

as

n
Cymatium.

curves,

figures

In geometry, a uniformity of

escutcheon;

EQUILATERAL ARCH.

FIN

EQU
EQUIDISTANT.

In architecture, the spacing

of the parts in uniformity. The same distance between.
EQUILATERAL (Gr.) A figure having equal
sides.

EQUILATERAL ARCH.

In Gothic art, an
arch the lines of which are described from
equal centres.

EQUILATERAL TRIANGLE. A
equal

triangle of

sides.

EQUILIBRIUM OF ARCHES.

Relating

to

the treatment of arches.

celebrated temple of ancient Athens.
ERECTION. The act of building.

ERECHTHEUM. A

ERGASTULUM. An

ancient house of correc-

tion.

A concave

ESCAPE.

ESCOINSON

(Same as Coping.

FALLING MOULD. A mould

window

used in hand-

railing.

FALSE ATTIC. (See Attic Order and

FALSE RAIL. The representation of a

Attic.)

railing

on the face of a wall.

FALSE ROOF. That space between the ceiling of the top story and the roof proper.

FANAL. A

lighthouse.

FANE. (Same as Finial.)

FAN-LIGHT. A transom light.
FAN-ROOF. A half circular window.

FAN TRACERY
FAN TRACERY VAULTING

[
\

The tracery or
ribs and lines

of a Gothic roof, so termed from the fact of

their radiating to a common centre.

FANUM. A Roman

quadrantal moulding.

Interior edge of a

(Fr.)

F ACTABLING.

temple dedicated to some

deity.

FASCIA (Lat.) The plain vertical member

FACIO
immediately below the crown
FACIA
mould of a classic cornice.
FASTIGIUM (Lat.) A pediment. The upper
)

jamb.

ESCUTCHEON.

In building, that part of the

hardware covering the keyhole.

ESTRADE. Same as Dais.

ETRUSCAN ARCHITECTURE. That

part of
style of

architecture practiced by the Etruscans.

EUSTYLE

(Gr.) The act of placing the colof a classic building two and onequarter diameters apart.

ums

a.

cornice.

FAUCET.
FAUX. A

water-cock.
passage between the two principal
apartments of a Roman villa.
FEATHER-EDGE. The acute meeting of two
surfaces a trapezoidal section.
FEATHERING. A term given to the pointed
intersections of the lines and curves forming the tracery of a Gothic composition or
design as Cusp.
;

E VOLUTE

EWERY. A
wash

geometrical curve.

cupboard for keeping ewers and

basins.

EXAGON. Same as Hexagon.

EXCAVATE. To hollow or dig out.
EXCENTRIC.

A term

FEATHER-JOINT.
FELT.

A heavy

The portico
gymnasium.

(Gr.)

of

a Greek

EXOSTRA. An apartment in a Roman

made with two

theatre.

(Lat.) The external surface of an

arch or vault the intrados being the underside of an arch or vault.
EVE. A circular window. (See Bull's Eye.
;

EYEBROW. (Same as Fillet.)

EYE OF A DOME. The central opening.
EYE OF A VOLUTE. The centre of

the

spiral curve.

FEMUR. The

plane surface between the channels of a Triglyph of the Doric order.

FENCE. An architectural design for enclosing
grounds a railing a balustrade.
FENESTELLA. A niche on the south side of
the altar of a cathedral.
FENESTRAL (Lat. ) A window blind or closed
casement.
FENESTRATION The space between the windows of a classic building.
FENESTRAI
f
;

Y
T^ACADE

(Lat.)

The front or elevation of a

building.

The

(Same as Fascia.)

and intended for the face of the wall.

FACE PLAN. A term used in stair building.
FACE WALL. (Same as Frontal.)
FACET
The fillet between the flutes of a
)

classic

column.

FACIA. (Same as Fascia.)

FACING. The outer covering
face to

(Lat)

shrine

a tomb

FERETER

FESTOON.

Carved decorations used

'

in archi-

tectural creations.

A term used in architecture to denote a detached portion.

FIGURE.
front.

FACE BRICK. A pressed brick.

FACE MOULD. A mould used in hand-railing.
FACE OF A STONE. That portion worked,

FACETTE

(Same as Louvre.)

FUmIrELlI

EXTRADOS

joint

paper used in building opera-

tions.

tric.

EXEDRA
EXHEDRA

FACE.

feather edges.

the reverse of Concen-

FILLET [ A small band or flat member of an

architectural design.
FILET
FINE STUFF. A term used to denote fine
\

plastering mortar.

FINIAL

(Lat.) The finish or vertical terminaParticution to any architectural design.

larly applicable to the Gothic.

term given to joiner's work, as

casings, bases, pilasters, etc.

FINISH.

A term used to designate a class or grade of lumber used in

finishing ioiner's work.

FINISHING LUMBER.
or finishing sur-

any architectural composition.

FRI

FIR

FIRE-BRICK.

grade of brick used in the

boilers,

grates,

setting of

and alumina, and

silica

made

etc.,

infusible

of

under

The lower portion of a chim-

FIRE-PLACE.

ney; a hearth.

The method

FIRE-PROOF.

of erecting inde-

FIRST FLOOR.

The

lower or ground floor of

a building.
)

ered on each side with extra pieces, and

bolted.

used in walks or in

given to French
Gothic art. So termed from the fact of the
undulating distribution of lines in wave or

flame-like ramifications.
side, or flank wall.
(Fr.)

of

->

consecrated

water.

FOOT

A measure,

(Sax.)

lineal, superficial

or

The

folds of inside shutters.

A term given to any metal, as

copper or lead, used around gutters,
chimneys, windows, etc., for the purpose

tin,

making them water-tight.

FLAT CROWN.

(Same as Corona.)
A method of painting in oil, with

a dead, glossless finish.

lily in

the use of

decoration.

A term used to designate a staircase

a flight of stairs.
A

wall constructed of

flint

and pebbles.

A term used in plastering, to de-

FLOATING.

note the act of finishing

it

and timbers

joist

in a building.

FLOOR BEAMS The scantling and timbers

FLOOR JOIST
on which a floor is laid.
FLOOR PLAN. The plan or diagram of the
)

apartments of a building.
FLORIATED. Referring to the Florid Style.
FLORID STYLE. That transitionary state of
Gothic architecture which reached its greatest perfection during the reigns of Henry
VII. and VIII. of England.

FLOWER, FOUR-LEAVED.

An ornament

used in Gothic work.

FLUE. The channel or shaft of a chimney.

FLUSH. A term to designate two surfaces
meeting on the same plane.

FLUSH AND BEAD. (See Bead and Flush.)

FLUSH PANEL. A framed panel, flush with
rails.
)

Semicircular cavities in a classic

column.

A series of parallel steps.

FLYING BUTTRESS.

The

old English term for Ped-

or bottom layer
stone or brick, as used in foundations.
FOREYN. A cesspool, or drain.

FORMA. (Same

FORMERETS

first,

a
of

as Aqueduct.)

(Fr.)

In Gothic

art,

the wall

arches of a groined roof.

FORNICATE
FORNICATED An

arched vault.

A military stronghold.
FORTALICE. A small castle.

In Gothic architecture
an arched buttress springing from a lower
to a higher portion, used to counteract the
lateral pressure of a roof.

FORTIFICATION.

military outwork.

FORNIX

market

FORUM

a market

(Lat.) In Roman antiquity, a

place, or building.
(Lat.) In Roman antiquity,
place, or building.

A trench around

FOSSE.

FOUNDATION

smooth.

The board covering of

(Sax.)

An

estal.

FOOTING BEAM. The tie-beam of a truss.

FOOTING DORMANT. The tie-beam of

FORT.

Flemish.)

FLIGHT.

FLINT-WALL.

term used in hand-railing.

Dais).

FLEMISH BOND. (Same as Bond

FLEUR DE LIS. In architecture,
the flower

(Same as

FOOTINGS.

FLASHINGS.

FLATTING.

FOOT-PACE.

base mould.

roof.

FLANK

FLYERS.

two

flowers.

FOOT-STALL.

the

and

FOLIATED I
e * mls
FOLIATION fSeeFoils1
FONT (Lat.) A vessel for holding

FOOT BASE. The

pile-driver.

*6
flIgItone l^*
P avln SFLAGGING
FLAMBOYANT. A name

FLUTES
FLUTINGS

in

solid.

An ancient

FISTUCA.

FLAPS.

Such as are made

parts.

FOLDS. (See Flaps.)

FOLIAGE. An architectural arrangement

A beam framed of two pieces,

FISHING
FISH BEAM \ the butting joints being cov-

FLOOR

cery.

leaves, vines

structible buildings.

as,

That term given to the circular

formations and intersections of Gothic tra(Lat.)

FOLDING DOORS.

heat.

of

FOILS

(Fr.)

a castle.

The bottom or lower

portion of a wall.

FOUR-LEAF FLOWER. A Gothic ornament.

FOXTAIL WEDGE. A wedge used in framing.

FRAME. The timber work of a building.

FRAME PIECES The stone tracing of a
FORM PIECES \ Gothic window.
FRANKING. In sash-making, the cut made
)

in the vertical bar for the reception of the

transverse bar.

FREED STOOL A seat near the altar of a

cathedral.
FRID STOOL
FREE STONE. Sand stone.
FREEZE That part of an entablature between
)

FRIEZE
FRIZE

the architrave and cornice.

[
\

FREEZE PANEL. An

improper term for the

top panels of a door.

FREIZE. (See Freeze.)

FREIZE-RAIL. An improper term

for top

rail.

FRESCO PAINTING.

peculiar

class

of

painting on plastering.

FRET.

An

ornament used

in classic architec-

ture.

FRIARY.

building inhabited by a religious

community.

GALLERY.

GOT

FRT

FRIGIATORY
FRIGIDARIUM
FRONT.

(Same

GATEWAY. An entrance.
GATHERING OF THE WINGS.

as Refrigerator.)

(Same as Facade.)

FRONT BRICK.

Pressed brick.

FRONTAL. (Same as Antependium.

FRONTON. (Same as Pediment.)
FRUSTRUM. That part of any geometrical
figure

which remains

after cutting off the

apex.

FULCRUM. The point- of bearing of a lever.

FULL CENTRE ARCH. An Equilateral Arch,

In chimney

construction, the act of drawing the fireplace together at the top, and the formation
of the throat of the chimney.

GAVEL. (Same as

GEMMEL
OYMMFR
CHYMOL
GIMMER

Gable.)

1
'

anc * ent term for a hinge.

GENESIS
of a

(Gr.) In geometry,
form solid or plane.

the formation

GENTESE (Same as Cusp, or Featherings, in

GENTEN
Gothic art.)
GEOMETRICAL. A term used in the theory
)

FUNNEL. (Same as Flue.)

FURRING. A term given to

a frame of woodwork when used to shape out or bring to a

regular surface any portion of a building,
or to give an air space to a wall by stripping

it

vertically.

FURRINGS. A term
lumber when used
T

FURR UP
FUST.

given to scantling or
as furring.

for the shaft of a col-

umn or pilaster.
FUSUROLE (Lat.) A

half-round moulding
carved into bead-like sections.

FUSxlROLE

GIBLET CHECK [ or Reveal, or used in

JIBLET CHECK ) the same sense.
GIGANTIC ORDER. A term used to designate
the Tuscan.

(Same as Furrin g-)

}

A French term

and practice of geometry.

GEOMETRY (Gr.) The science of lines, surfaces and solids.
GETTE. A French term for Jettie.
GIBLEA CHEQUE ) A Scotch term for Rebate

GIN^CONITES

GIRT.

GLASS

GABLE

(The enclosed end of a

pitched roof. (Used in
GABLE END
the same sense as Pediment.)
GABLE-ROOFED. A building having a pitched
(

in a

GABLE WINDOW. A window

in the gable

A brace, fillet,
A

or scantling.

GLAZING.

The act of setting glass.

canal groove or recess.
the term Triglyph, which see.

end.

GOCCIOLATOIO.

GABLET.

An architectural construction in
the form of a gable; a small gable.
A recess cut in a timber or scantling;
the shoulder of a. timber so cut as to give
additional resistance to the tenon.

GODDROON.

GAIN.

GOLA

GALETS
Broken stone
GALETING
crete.
GALLERY. An apartment
)

as used in con-

GALLILEE. In early Gothic work,

GAOL. A prison or jail.
GARD. (Same as Aqueduct.)

a porch.

GARGOYLE^ A fantastic creation, generally

GARGLE
partaking of animal form,
GARGYLE
used as the discharge, or
GERGOYLE j mouth-piece, of a roof gutter.
GARLAND (Fr.) An artistic creation or arI

rangement of

(Fr.)

portion of

fruits, leaves

and

flowers.

or strap hinge.

(Same as

The unused
a building directly under the
Attic.)

roof.

GARRETING.

Small pieces of stone filled into

joints of stone-work.

GARRISON.
GATE. An
closing

A fort,

citadel or castle.

architectural

Same

Hence

as Corona.

Inverted fluting.

(Same as

Cable.)
"j

8la ROVE^cIa f Same as Cymatum.)

GULA
J
GORGE (Fr.) A concave moulding. (Same as
(

Cynia Recta; same as Collarino.)

arcade; an elevated portion of a

building a balcony.

GARNETS.

Greek

(Sax.)
transparent, factitious substance, formed by the fusion of silicious
substances, combined with alkaline earth,
metallic oxide, etc., used in architecture for
closings, openings, windows, etc.

GLYPH. A

roof.

GARRET

Apartments

(Gr.)

house.

GIRDER (Sax.) A beam or timber.

GIRDING BEAM. (Same as Girder.)
GIRDLE (Sax.) (Same as Band.)

construction

for

an entrance, doorway or gateway.

GORGERIN. (Same as Collarino.)

GORGONEID. A carved keystone.
GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE. That

style of
architecture originating in its primitive
stages with the Goths, and brought into
maturity and prominence by the later Italian architects, who seemed to have applied
the term Gothic to any transition of the
classical orders during their decline, which,
however, culminated in a heterogeneous
combination of the Greek and Roman ex-

amples, with the Romanesque, Lombardic,

Saxon and Norman forms or details. This
style reached a distinct period during the
middle ages by the applicition of the
science of geometrical lines and problems,
partaking of the classic dynamics which
governed the ancient Roman builders as
a base, but gravitating towards a lighter
and more fragile creation, until the English
gradually adopted it a s a national exemplification of a higher Christian art.
To the

OROIN CEILING

HEA

GOU
English, therefore, are we indebted for the
final characteristics of this style, which
during the fourteenth century reached its
highest period of perfection, and gave to the
architectural world a distinct and dominant

channel or conduit for water,

generally applied to a roof.

GUTTERINGS.

Relating to gutters.

GYMNASIUM.

Originally,

style.

GOUFING FOUNDATIONS. A

Scotch terra

for underpinning a wall.

GUTTER.

Roman house

GYNECiEUM

GYN^CEUM y

an apartment of

devoted to gymnastics.

Originally, a separate apartment of a Roman house for

women.

GRADETTE

Same

GR^ECOSTASIS.

Amulet ->

as

GYPSUM. A

hall or portico of a

Roman

building.

GRANARY. A building

combination of sulphuric acid

and calcareous earth, from which plaster

of Paris is made.

used for the storage

of grain.

GRANGE. An ancient term

GRANITE. An aggregate

for Barn.

rock formation

composed of feldspar, quartz and mica.

GRATING. (Same as Grillage.)
GREEK ARCHITECTURE. A general term
given to that distinct class of
practiced by the ancient Greeks.

GREEK
GREEK
GREEK
GREEK
GREEK
GREEK

ARCH
CROSS
MASONRY

building

Contemporaneous
terms used to des-

ignate the several

individual and specific details of
Greek architecture
as expressed by the particular title mentioned in margin.
I

MOULDINGS f
ORDER
ORNAMENTS J

GREENHOUSE.
GREES.

(Same as Conservatory.)
a staircase.
frame-work of timber; a

Steps, or

GRILLAGE A
GRILL
tice or
[
GRILLE
metal.
)

lat-

screen of iron or other

GROIN.

The line of intersection of the intradoses of two cylindrical vaults crossing

each other at right angles.

GROIN CEILING. The

surface of a ceiling
formed of groined arches or vaults.

An eccentric and fantastical

creation, used in architectural decoration.

GROTESQUES.
GROTTO.

Generally a term used to designate

a subterraneous cavern.

GROUND FLPOR. The principal floor.

GROUND LINE. The surface of the ground.
GROUND NICHE. One which, instead of
rising from a dado, or base, starts
diately from the floor.

imme-

TJ ABITACLE.
n. habitation.

HALF PACE

-)

IIlF LANDING A P latform in a fairway.

HALPACE
J
HALF-ROUND. A semicircular body.
HALF-TIMBERED ROOF, WALLS OR
HOUSES. A term generally used in connection with Gothic architecture to designate a building, roof or frame-work filled
in with plaster or rough-cast work.
HALL (Sax.) The entrance apartment; a passage; an English mansion.

HALLYNGS. The hangings of a hall.

HAMMER-BEAM. The lower beam projecting
horizontally from the wall and acting as
the base and tie to the principal rafter of a
roof truss.

HAMMER-DRESSED. A

term used to denote

the act of dressing stone with the stone
hammer preparatory to laying the same in
the wall.

HAND-RAIL. The rail of a stairway.

HANGING. A term to denote the placing

of
doors, sash, etc., in position in a building.

HANGING BUTTRESS.
HANGING

HANSE. (Same
HARD-FINISH.

GROUNDS.

Strips of wood attached to walls

partitions for the purpose of securing
the finished work.

rings.

and

GROUND-TABLE STONE. (Same as Plinth.)

GROUPED. A term used to convey the congregation of any architectural elements.

GROUPED COLUMNS.

This term is used to

designate several columns standing on the

same

pedestal.

GROUT. (Same

as Concrete.)

A thin mixture

cement or mortar.
GUERITE. A watch tower.
of

GUILLOCHI
GUILLOCHE
GUTTLE.

(Ital.)

A spiral fantastic, orna-

mental decoration.

Conic-like drops used in the decoration of the Doric order.

In Gothic work, a

buttress starting from a corbel and not

from

the foundation.

GROUND PLAN.

(Same as Sill.)
(Much the same meaning as Fur-

old English term for a

used in Scotland to designate an inferior kind of broken ashlarwork. (See Broken Ashlar.)

GROUND PLATE.

The drawing delineating

the arrangement of the principal floor.

An

HACKING. A term

window

STILE. The stile of a door or

which the hinge is fastened.
as Haunch.)

to

In plastering, the last coat

of stucco or plaster of Paris.

HARNESS-ROOM.

In stables, a room for

keeping and cleaning harnesses.
A piece of hardware used to secure

HASP.

doors.

HATCH
A diagonal mouldHATCHED MOULDINGS
ing used in
)

Gothic work.

HATCHWAY. An

opening in a

floor or ceil-

ing.

HAUNCH
HANSE

That portion of an arch between

the spring line and the extrados

or vertex.

HEAD

term used to denote the top

or end of any architectural portion; a keystone carved with the head of some animal.
(Sax.)

HYD

HEA
HEADER

A brick

or stone laid in
COURSE f a wall with the head or
to the face of the wall. (See Binders.)
)

HIGH ALTAR.

HEADING

church.

end

HIGH-RELIEF.

HEADING-JOINT.

(See Butting Joint.)

In stair-building, the perpendicular distance from the
S
tread to ceiling above in the clear.
HEADS. Tile or slate laid at the eaves.
HEALING. The act of covering a roof with

HEAD-ROOM

>

HEAD-WAY

tile, slate, etc.

HEARSE
HERSE

I
\

A metal frame used to protect an

effigie on a tomb.

HEART-BOND.

In stone-masonry, the act of

lapping the joint between two stones with a
header, or through-stone.
The brick or stone bottom
HEARTH
to a fire-place. (See FireHEARTH-STONE
)

place.)
(Gr.)
A name given to the
Parthenon, a celebrated temple of Athens.
given to the

HECATOMPEDON

HECATONSTYLON. A name
portico of

Pompey's Theatre, Rome, from

its being built on a hundred

the fact of

HECK A raCK
r ok
HEEK
HEEL. A moulding same as Cima Inversa.
HEEL OF A RAFTER. The foot of a rafter
.

cathedral

(See Alto-rilievo.)

HINDOO ARCHITECTURE.

That

style

of

architecture practiced in Hindostan.

HINGE.

mechanical invention for swing-

ing a door.

The line formed by the meeting of two

angles in a roof -framing.

HIP.

HIP-KNOB.

(Same application as

HIPPODROME. A

Finial.)

building devoted to eques-

trian exercises.

A rafter placed

HIP-RAFTER.

at the hips of

a hip-roof.

HIP-ROOF.

roof constructed of equally

inclined planes rising to the same pitch
and height.

HIP-TILES

HIP-MOULDS

Tiles or

mouldings used on

the hips of roofs.

HOARDING

HOARD
[ A high
HOURD
HOLLOW NEWEL.
)

fence or enclosure.

parts.

HELICAL LINE OF A HAND-RAIL.

The

spiral line, or twist of the hand-rail.

HELICOID PARABOLA. A geometrical problem.

HELIOCAMINUS.

chamber

in a

(Same

as

the well-hole

HOLLOW WALLS.

the lower end.

HEIGHT OF. In architecture, a term used to
designate the perpendicular distance of

Roman

Walls built of two thicknesses, with a hollow space for the purpose
of preventing frost and dampness from
penetrating through the wall.
HOLLOWS. A term given to concave wood
mouldings.

HOOD-MOULD. (Same as Drip-Mould.)

HORIZONTAL CORNICE. The level cornice
forming the base of a

HORN. (Same

as

classic

pediment.

Hem.)

HORSE-SHOE ARCH. A

Saracenic or Moor-

ish arch.

house.

public building for the use of

the sick, insane, etc.

HOSTRIE
HOSTELRIE [ (Same
HOSTEL
)

Ionic

as Hotel.)

volute.

In architecture, same as Semi. Circle.

(Lat.) (Same as a semicircle.)
orchestra of a Roman

HEMICYCLE

HEMICYCLIUM. The
theatre.

HEMISPHERE
HEMISPHEROIDAL In geometry, one-half.
HEMITRIGLYPH. The half triglyph.
)

N
UNDECAGON }
HEPTAGON (Gr.) A

HOTEL.
ment

public house for the entertainand convenience of travelers and

guests.

HOT-HOUSE. (Same as Conserratory.)

HOUSE. A habitation erected for man's
ter,

Same

as Endecagon.)

HOUSING A term applied

HOUSED
of a piece of
)

HERRING-BONE MASONRY.
which the stones are

of

to a recess cut out

lumber to receive

the extremity of another.

HOVELLING.
figure

shel-

comfort, and protection.

geometrical
seven sides and angles.

In chimney-building, the pro-

drawing the sides over and above

two others to aid the draft.
HUMERI. The angles of an ancient temple
formed by the four walls of the cell or
cess of

the

Masonry

in

laid anglewise

or

slanting.

cella.

(Same as a

Portcullis.)

HEXAGON

(Gr.) In geometry, a plain figure

bounded by six straight lines.

HEXASTYLE. A

HOSPITAL.

HELIOSCENE. An outside slat blind.

HELIX. (See Caulicole.)
HELYING. A corruption of Aisle.
HEM. The projecting spirals of the

HERSE.

of

of a stair.)

HEMI.

altar

columns.
)

The

classic portico

of six

col-

umns.

HICK-JOINT POINTING.

The act of

filling

the joints of stone-work with cement.

HIEROGLYPHICS.

The sculpture
ture-writing of the ancients.

and

HUNG. (See Hanging.)

HURLERS. Celtic erections

rude stone-

A small cottage or habitation.

HYDRANT. A water supply or water-cock.
HYDRAULIC CEMENT. A lime containing
(Sax.)

silica,

pic-

of

work.

HUT

alumina, magnesia, etc.

LIME. A lime that

HYDRAULIC

hardens under water.

readily

HYD

IRO

HYDRAULIC LIMESTONE.

stone

con-

taining iron and clay.

normal

to sustain

HYP^ETHRAL

HYP^THRON

HYPAETHROS

linear arch suited

pressure at each end.

INLAYING

INLAID

court.

conic section.

A geometriHYPERBOLIC CONOID
]
cal figure
HYPERBOLOID
[
formed by
HYPERBOLIC CURVE
f
HYPERBOLIC CYLINDROID J the revolu-

In Roman buildings,
a subterraneous furnace

HYPODROMUS

(Gr.)

covered walk or am-

HYPOG^EUM

(Same as

(Gr.)

An

HYPOPODIUM.

column

Roman

HYPOSCENIUM.

foot-

back of an

partition
orchestra in a theatre.

HYPOSTYLE. A

INSULA.

(Same as

Aisle.)

Tuscan and Doric column.

The ground

plan

of

building.

ICOSAHEDRON

geometrical solid of
twenty triangular pyramids.

IMBATTLED.

IMBOWMENT

(Gr.)

(See Embattled.)

To arch

rails of

INTERLACED ARCHES.
INTERLIGNIUM. The

Relating to
the distance be-

(Lat.)

Intersecting arches.
space between the

ends of tie-beams.

INTERPENSIVE

pattern similar

(Lat.) An ancient term for the

a door, accredited to Vitruvius.

IMPERIAL (Fr.) A species of dome.

IMPETUS (Lat.) The span of a roof,

tween the columns of the classic styles.

1NTERDENTILS. The space between dentils.
INTERDUCES. A term given to framing of
timbers or girts between posts.
INTER-FENESTRATION. The space between
windows.
INTER-JOIST. The space between joists.

The

space

between

modillions.
-

to the tiles of a roof.

IMPAGES

is iso-

(Same as Detached

INTAGLIOS (It. An Italian term for carving.

INTAVOLATA. (Same as Cymatum.)
INTERCEPTED AXIS. (Same as Abcissa.)

INTER-MODILLION.

or vault over

IMBRICATED TRACERY. A

One that

lated.

INTER-COLUMN
INTER-COLUMNIATION

colonnade.

HYPOTENUSE The longest side of a rightangle triangle.

HYPOTHENUSE
HYPOTRACHELIUM (Gr.) The neck of the

TCHNOGRAPHY.

inserted

class of stone-

Column.)

Cellar.)

ancient

stool.

vault or

(Same as Cantiliver.
The space between them

(Lat.)

INTER-PILASTER.
INTERSTITIUM. Central

beneath a

space

tower.

INTERTIES
INTERTIE

INTONACO

,
(

a
f5ame as TInterduces.
.

(It.)

The finishing coat of

plas-

tering.

arch.

IMPLUVIUM. A Roman cistern.

IMPOLE. A scaffold-pole.
IMPOST (Fr.) The head of a pier,

INTRADOS.
arch,

pilaster or
on which the arch rests. The cornice or mouldings at the head of a pier,
pilaster or pillar.
pillar

IN ANTIS.

Relating to antas.

INBAND JAMB-STONE. A
jamb

of a door or

INBOND JAMB-STONE.

INCERTUM OPUS.
INCH (Lat. Sax.) A

an

ORDER OF ARCHITECTURE.

The

second order or classification of ancient

Corinthian order,
country where it

The name, as in the

is
derived from the
was first invented or

originated.

(See Insertum.)

measure of length, either

superficial or solid, based on the
;

the twelfth

part of a foot.

A species of low
embossed work or engi'aved work.

INCRUSTATION.

of

arch constructed the

reverse of upright, or, where the concavity
is below the centre.
INVOLUTE. A geometrical curve.

Greek architecture.

Incorrect term for

length of three barleycorns

The soffit or under-surface

dome, or vault.

INVERTED ARCH. An

IONIC

bond-stone built

window.

Inband Jamb-stone.

lineal,

INSERTUM
A rough
work.
INCERTUM OPUS

INSULATED COLUMN.

bulatory.

in the

hipped roof.

INSULATED BUILDING.

room.

eral ground a number of pieces so as to

form one general design or figure.
INN. A public house or hotel.
INNER-PLATE. The central plate to a double

(Gr.)

arch.

In joinery, the method of

joining together on a gen-

into a wall, in part or whole.

WORK

INSERTED COLUMN.

Hyperbola about its axis.

The lintel of a doorway.
(See Bressummer.)
\

tion of a

HYPERTHYRUM
HYPERTHERUM
HYPOCAUST
HYPOCAUSTUM

ticed in India.

umns.
open

(Gr.)

to-

That style prac-

INFIRMARY. (Same as Hospital.)

INFLECTED ARCH. An inverted

HYP^ETHRUM. An

HYPERBOLA

Toothed or matched

(Lat.)

INDIAN ARCHITECTURE.

In Greek architecture,
a temple having ten col-

(Gr.)

INDENTED
gether.

HYDROSTATIC ARCH. A

relief;

IRON.

A hard,

ductile metal

equivalent, 28
specific gravitv cast, 7.2
fusing point, 2.786 F. The
ores are oxides and carbonates. The metal
in combination with oxygen and carbonic
acid.
Iron is supposed to have been first
discovered and used B. C. 1432.

symbol, Fe
wrought, 7

JACK

RIB.

ISOSCELES TRIANGLE.

mo

LAC

IRON LATH. Lath made

of sheet iron
used in fire-proof construction.

IS

AGON

(Gr.)

and

geometrical figure of equal

angles.

E
5le

(See Aisle

ISODOMUM

Greek stone-work.

(Gr.)

(Same

as what is known as rock-face work.)

ISOMETRIC AL PROJECTION. A system

of

perspective drawing.

ISOSCELES TRIANGLE.
two equal

triangle

with

sides.

ITALIAN ARCHITECTURE. That

style of
architecture practiced by the Italians during
the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries,
often termed the Cinque-cento, as reaching
its

KAMPTULICON. A floor covering or cloth.

KEEL. A small fillet.
KEEP
[The principal tower of an
KEEP TOWER
ancient castle.

used to designate a

hip-roof.

JACK. A mechanical device for lifting great

weights.

JACK ARCH.

false

arch of one brick only

in thickness.

JACK RAFTER A short rafter extending

from and joining to the
JACK TIMBER
|

(Fr.)
The sides of an opening in
JAMB
JAMB POST [ a wall the finish of the
sides.
JAMB STONE
JAMB LINING. The finish of the sides of jambs.
i

JAWE PIECE
JAW PIECE

(Same as a brace or strut

JERKIN HEAD. The

half gable

JETTIE

JETTY

KEYHOLE.

peak of a hip roof

roof.

a building overhanging or

projecting.

(Same as a

last

ing the key.

Pieces of timber framed between floor

KEYS.

joists.

KEYSTONE

The last and central stone placed

f
in an arch; a wedge-shaped
stone placed in the centre of an arch to
counteract the crushing pressure.
<j

KILLESSE. A gutter, groove or channel.

KILN. A building or construction for drying
lumber, burning brick and lime.
In roof-framing, the central post introduced in
a truss to receive the upper ends of the
principal rafters, and to support the lower
portions of the truss.

KING POST
KING POST ROOF

KING TRUSS.

roof truss framed with a

king post.

KIOSK. A Turkish term for an open pavilion

or summer house.
KIRB-PLATE. (See Curb-Plate.)
KIRB ROOF. (See Curb Roof.)
KIRK. A Scottish term for church.
KITCHEN (Welsh). A room devoted to culinary purposes.
In hand

KNEE.

railing,

the reverse of the

ramp.

and half hip

A part of

JIB DOOR.

in a

roof.)

The

board laid.
The opening of a lock for receiv-

hip rafter forming the corner framing of a

hip roof.
JACK RIB. In cove or groined ceilings, the
rib joined to the hips or groins.
short, stout timber.
JACK TIMBER.

in

framing; a part of a lock.

KEY OF A FLOOR.

KEY

greatest perfection A. D. 1560.

ITALIAN ROOF. A term

KERB. (See Curb-Plate.)

KERF. A saw cut, used in joiners' work.
KERNEL. A battlement or embrasure.
KEY. A pin, generally of hard wood, used

false or blind door.)

JIBLET CHEEK. (Same as Giblea Cheque.)

JOGGLE
In framing of timbers, a
JOGGLE JOINT [ notched joint framed so as
JOGGLE TRUSS
to prevent one piece from
)

pushing past the other by compression or

weight.

JOGGLE BEAM ) A term given to a notched

JOGGLE PIECE
post in a roof truss, as a
king or queen post is
JOGGLE POST
JOGGLE WORK J notched to receive the
!

KNEE RAFTER A rafter in a roof truss bent

KNEE PIECE
down to have a better
)

hold on the wall.

KNOB 1
KNOT
KNOP f (Same
KNOPPE J

as Boss.)

KNOTTING.

In painting, the act of covering

knots with shellac.

KNULLING. (Same as Bead.)

KYANIZING. A process of preserving timber
by the application of chemical preparations
invented by Kyan, 1832.

principal rafter.

JOINER. A carpenter or builder.

JOINERY. (Same as Carpentry.)
JOINT. The line of union in any mechanical
operation; the line of meeting.

JOPY.

Floor beams or timbers.

(Same as Jawe Piece.)

.TUBE.

A gallery or rood loft.

JOIST.

JUFFERS. Short timbers or beams.

JUMP. A break or rise in the level of a wall.
JUT-OUT
A term applied to any projec)

JUTTING-OUT
JUT WINDOW.

JYMEWE.

tion portion of a building.

A projecting or oriel window.

(Same as Hinge.)

LABEL

drip or small
I
moulding extending around and over the head of a Gothic
opening, door or window.
LABYRINTH FRET. A fret-work with many

LABEL MOULDING

angles.

L ACON ICUM. An apartment in a Roman bath.

LACTARIUM. A dairy building.

LACUNAR

LACUNARIS
LACUNARIA
LACUNARS f(Lat.)
LACUNAE
LEQUER
J
I

(Same
as

Coffer.)

LAD

LUG

LADDER. A

mechanical contrivance for the

purpose of ascending to any height, used

LEGS

in building.

LESCHE

A certain sized slate for roofing.

LADY CHAPEL. A term given to a chapel
LADY.

dedicated to the Virgin

ally located behind the

Mary, and generhigh altar of a

cathedral.

LAGGING.

of an arch.

The residue or wash of cement

concrete.

LAMINATED ARCH. An arch formed of timber, bolted

and framed together.

A term eriven to pointed

LANCET ARCH
openings, used only in
LANCET WINDOW
)

early Gothic architecture.

LANDING.

The platform in the centre or at

the head of a flight of stairs.

LANTERN A term applied to the small terLANTERNE

mination to a dome; a small
)

cupola.

LAP.

That part of one body projecting on

to

another.

LAT.

A pillar.

plastering, slating

An

LATH-BRICK.

of

wood used

and tiling.
English-made

brick,

in
6

inches wide and 22 inches long.

LATTICE. The interlacing and crossing of

wood or metal so as to form geometrical
figures.

An

LATTICE GIRDER.
of cross bracing

and

LATTICE TRUSS.

iron girder formed

rods.

truss

formed of cross

bracing and diagonal rods.

LAUNDRY. A room devoted to washing.

LAURA. A monk's cell or simple habitation.
LAVATORY. A cistern or vessel containing
water used for washing.
A water basin.
(Same as Course.)
LAYER BOARDING. Boards used as gutter

LAVER.
LAYER.

to the keeping
ture.

LIERNE

rived from St. Lazarus.

LEAD, SHEET.
thin layer of lead used in

plumbing-work.

LEAF. One side of a door or shutter.

LEAN-TO. A small building with a shed-roof
attached to a larger structure.

A water conduit.

LEAVES. (Same

and use of books and

A cross rib,

RIB.

litera-

in vaulting.

The daylight opening in sash. A

term for glass.
A building or tower erected
for exhibiting a marine light.
LIME. A product formed by the calcination
of marble or any pure limestone.

LIGHTS.

LIGHT-HOUSE.

LIMESTONE.

calcareous

formation

of

earth.

A geometrical figure extended

in length

only.

LINEN PATTIRN. A diaper panel.

LINING. An internal covering.
LINTEL (Fr.) A beam timber or

girder of
wood or metal used over an opening in a
wall to support weight.

LISTEL

LOBBY

(Ger.)

^ narrow projecting edge; a Fillet.

(
LIST
LISTING. Cutting the sap edge from boards.

as Blinds.)

LECTERN ^ reading desk used in churches.

LETTERN
LEDGE
j A projection from a surface of a
i

wall or building to carry some

additional body.
(

The braces of a scaffolding.

right-angled triangle are the perpendicular sides.

hall,

rotunda, entrance or

waiting room.

LOBE.

(Same as Foil or Trefoil .)

LOCK (Sax.) A mechanical invention or
strument used to fasten doors.
LOCKBAND. (Same as Bond Stone.)

in-

LOCKER. A small cupboard.

LOCK RAIL. The central rail of a door.
LOCKRAND. A course of bond stone.

LOCUS
LOFT.

A geometrical
small dwelling.

(Lat.)

LODGE. A

LOGGIA.
on one

line.

raised balcony, gallery or attic room.

LOGEUM. A

linings.

LAZARETTO
A term used to designate a
LAZAR HOUSE
hospital.
The term is de-

LEDGERS.
LEGS of a

admit sound and exclude the

belfries to

LEVYS. An old English term for blinds.

LIBRARY. A public building or room devoted

of delineating a building or object so as to produce a natural effect.

(Same as Corona.)

(Fr.)

LEDGMENT

A public building with an open

(Gr.)

court.

LINEAR PERSPECTIVE. The science

chapel.

LATCH. A door fastening.

LATH. A thin narrow slip

LEAT.

parts each

LEVECEL. A projecting roof over a doorway.

LEVER BOARDS. Horizontal blinds used in

LINE.

LARARIUM. A Roman

LARMIER

two

storm.

Relating to the wooden centering

LAITANCE.

of a hyperbola are the

side of the vertex.

part of a

Roman theatre.

A passage, entrance or gallery,

side,

open
and supported by a colonnade

or arches.

LOG-HOUSE. A house constructed of trees.

LOMBARDIC ARCHITECTURE. That style
praticed in Italy from the seventh to the
thirteenth centuries.

LONG AND SHORT WORK.

on the corners of a

LORIMER

LORYMER

I ncorrec t

Alternate quoins

wall.

LOOP, OR LOOP HOLE.

window or opening.

small narrow

terms for Larmier.

LOUVRE. (Same as Lantern.)

LOUVRE BOARDS. (See Lever Boards.)
LOZENGE (Fr.) A quadrilateral figure
pattern.

LUCARNE. A dormer or

attic

window.

or

MIN

LUF
LUFFER BOARDS.

(Same as Lever Boards.)

Sawed timber, dimension scant-

'LUMI'.ER.
ling.

LUMBER

KILN.

LUNETTE

(See Kiln.

Openings in a cylindrical or
admit light.
(Lat.) An upper or attic window,

(Fr.)

S[)lierical ceiling to

LUTHERAN
a dormer.

Those constructed with

wood running

the grain of

horizontally.

A plinth or step.

(Gr.)

edifice

en-

Generally, however, the term is

applied to a large and elegant structure
used for the reception of a monument.

tomb.

MEANDAR. A

ornament.

fret

MEASURE

(Lat.)
In geometry, a certain
quantity, or unit, to which the ratio of any
other quantity is expressed
a length,
distance or extent.
;

LYING PANELS.
LYSIS

MAUSOLEUM. A sepulchral chapel,

MEDALLION

In architecture, a tablet of
geometrical outline upon which is carved
(Fr.)

any ornamental design.

or embossed

MEDIEVAL ARCHITECTURE.

Those styles

which where practiced by

ancient and mediaeval architects from the
fall of the Roman empire to the revival
of architecture

ROOF.

double-gabled roof.

MACHICOLATIONS. Openings formed

of classic art.

in the
parapet walls of ancient castles through
which missiles were discharged upon an

MEDIANS A

enemy.

MEGALITHIC.

MAENHIR In Celtic masonry, a long upright

MENHIR
stone.
MAGAZINE (POWDER). A building used
)

gunpowder.

for the storage of

MAGNESIAN LIMESTONE.

limestone

impregnated with magnesia.

MAIN COUPLES.

MALEN
and

Brick

made

of clay,' lime
basin.

dome-like curb, or
steep hip-roof, finished as an attic or upper
story.
It derives its name from Francis
Mansart. the eminent French architect,
born at Paris, 1598.

MANSE. An English term for a manor house.

MANSION. A term generally applied to an
isolated or large dwelling.

MARGIN

classes

(Lat.)

and

varieties.

plain surface surrounding

a panel.

MARGIN DRAFT. A

tooled margin on the

face and edge of a stone.

MARIGOLD WINDOW.

(See Catherine

Wheel.)

MARMORATUM A
MARMORETUM
MARQUETRY (Fr.)
)

...

wal1 cased wlth marble.

.

woods or

MASK. A

corbel bearing a resemblance to a

The art

of

constructing wai'.o

with stone.

(See Moresk.)

(Lat.)

altar.

term given to the

and estimating.

MERLON. The

solid portions of a battlement

alternating with the open spaces or embrasures.

MEROS (Gr.)

The plain central space of the

triglyph.

MESAUL^E

n -)
Gr

brass, or

MESAULE f<
METAL-WORK.

passage.

term applied to iron,

any architectural work made of

metal.

METATOME (Gr.) The space between denMETOCHE

tals.
METOPA (Gr.) In Doric architecture, the
METOPE
square piece or space between
j

the triglyphs.

METRE.

The French unit

SJf?/ ?n?nf

l<

MEZZANO

of length.

sma11 attic w idow;

an intermediate story-

ItaL >

MEZZO-RELIEVO (hame
cis ms
Bas-Relief
Heliet ->
MIZZO-RELIEVO g
MIDDLE POST. (Same as King Post.)
MIDDLE QUARTERS OF A COLUMN. When
)

the plan of a column is divided into four

quadrants on an angle or 45 degrees, the
four quarters are termed middle quarters.

MIDDLE RAIL. (Same as Lock Rail.)

MILK HOUSE. (See Dairy.)
MINARET (See Alkorans.) Slender spirelike
MINERET
structures that form a striking
/

feature of Turkish buildings.

as Cell.)

MINION. Cement made of iron ore and lime.

MINSTER. A monasterial church. A name
often applied to a cathedral.

MINSTREL GALLERY.
kind of ornamental

glass with a dull surface.

MAURESQUE.

an

detail of

MINDRA. (Same

materials.

MATTED GLASS.

portion, moulding or
architectural design.

ji

Inlaid-work of different

face.

MASONRY.

given to Celtic archi-

Any

(Fr.)

MENHIR. (See Maenhir.)

MENSA. The slab or top of an

one jamb of a fire-place to the other, as a

support to the breast.
MARBLE (Fr.) Calcareous stone of a compact
granular and crystalline texture. There

many

A term

tecture.

MEMBER

MANTAPA. A Hindoo term for porch.

MANTEL
An architectural design or
MANTEL-PIECE f finish around a fire-place.
MANTEL-TREE In early English masonry, a
MANTLE-TREE
a timber extending from

are

to the central colof a classic portico.

science of measuring

cinders.

MAN-HOLE. An opening in a sewer or

MANOR HOUSE. A country house.

MANSARD ROOF.

umns

MENSURATION

(See Couples.)

BRICK.

term given

MEDIANOS

Incorrect term for Moresque.

In ancient English
buildings or halls, a gallery set aside for the
music.

MINUTE

(Lat.)
A term used to denote the
sixHeth part or division of a Module.

NET

MIS

MISCHIA. (Same as Scagliola.)

MISEREEE. A peculiar hinged

seat used in

MITRE The joint made by the joining together of two pieces of material
MITRA
MITER ) on an angle.
MITRE ARCH. A triangular arch.
MITRE DOVETAIL. A kind of dovetail
)

showing only one

joint.

about a

for-

MODEL (Lat.)

The first conception of an architectural creation designed as a pattern or

example for future operations.

(Fr.)

ornamental

small

bracket, consol or support for a cornice.

the
applied
to
Generally the term
Corinthian and Roman orders.

MODINATURE. The

general arrangement of

architectural details or mouldings.

MODULAR PROPORTION.

Relating to the
use and application of the Module and its
divisions.

MODULE

In classic architecture, a
measure of distance based upon the
diameter or semi-diameter of a classic
column, which is divided into equal parts
or minutes, thus forming a scale of pro(Lat.)

measurement

portional
structure.

MOLDING.

for

tn*.

entire

(Sax.) A sea wall or foundation laid in

water; a pier; a Roman mausoleum.

MOLE

(See Convent.)

Same as (Mullion.)
MONKEY. The hammer of a

MONOCHROME. A

A Mohammedan

temple or place of

worship.

MOULD

(Cornice).
A tool used by plasterers
for running cornices.

Architectural details, generally

of a concave, convex, prismatic or

form or surface.

MULLION

MUNNION
MUNTIN
MONION

MONYAL

The perpendicular

or horizontal
division between sash or glass.

MULTIFOIL.

Relating to a number of

MUNIMENT HOUSE. A

room

MURAL

Any architectural design or

(Lat.)
decoration attached to the face of a wall.
building erected and dedicated to the exhibition or preservation of
scientific or natural curiosities or works of

MUSEUM (Gr.) A
art.

MUSHREBEYEH. An

Arabic balcony, gen

with lattice work or a

The Arabic term

MUSJID.

MUTILATED CORNICE
MUTILATED PEDIMENT
form

pile-driver.

foils.

or apartment

a cathedral or public building for the

safe keeping of archives and valuables.
in

MUTULE (Fr.)

system of fresco painting

combined

for mosque.
)

One

that

is

open,

broken or

continued, occurring in classic

MONIAL.

fit

woods, etc. inlaid so as to form geometrical or other designs in gradation of colors.

MOSQUE.

erally enclosed
screen.

(See Moulding.)

MONASTERY.

MORTUARY. A tomb or burial place.

MOSAIC (Lat.) A collection of minerals,

MOULDINGS.

tification or castle.

MODILLION

lock made to
mortise.

aisles of churches.

MOAT (Lat.) A trench excavated

MORTISE LOCK A door

into a
MORTICE LOCK

dis-

art.

projecting, modillion-like
or ornament used in the Doric order.

MYNCHERY.

(Same

NAILS

as Convent,)

in one color.

MONOLITH. A

large, single or colossal stone.

MONOPTERAL (Gr.) A circular building or

MONOPTERON [ dome supported by a colMONOPTRAL
onnade.
MONQSTYLE (Fr.) (Same meaning as Mono)

lith.)

MONOTRIGLYPH
MONOTRIGLYH
stance, one

MONTANT.

Relating to the spacing of

triglyphs

as,

for

in-

between two columns.

erected to
event, or to

perpetuate the

memory

of

some eminent person.

)

of resort.

MOP BOARD. A base board.

MORESK
(Same as Moorish, and relatMORESQUE [ ing to the architecture of the
MAURESQUE) Moors. Same as Arabesque.)
MORTAR (Dutch.) A composition of lime,
i

sand and water used in masonry.

In carpentry, a hollow or
cavity cut in a timber or piece
of framing lumber for the purpose of receiving a tenon.
)

(Fr.)

used

Norman architecture, characteristic of a

surface studded with nails-

NAOS.

(Same as Nave.

NARTHEX. An
The

enclosed space in a church.

vestibule of a church.

A moulding

NATURAL BED. A

term used to designate

the horizontal or quarry bed of stratified

stone.

NAVE

MOORISH ARCHITECTURE
MORESQUE ARCHITECTURE (See Moresk.)
MOOT HALL. A town hall or public place

MORTISE
MORTICE

used in

or surface in imitation
of straw-plaiting or matting.

memorial structure
commemorate an important

(Lat.)

metallic invention

in

NATTES.

(See Mullion.)

MONUMENT

(Sax.)
building.

NAIL-HEAD MOULDING. A moulding

(Sax.)

The

central

body of a church.

(See Aisle.)

NEBULE
NEBULE MOULDING

A Saxon ornament in the zig-zag

J
form, used principally in the archivolts of
doors and windows.

NECK MOULD
NECK OF A COLUMN

HLat.)

The smooth space

at

the top of a classic

column, between the astragal and anulets.

NEEDLE A horizontal timber used as a support.

NERVES
NERVURES

) (Fr.)
In groined ceilings, the
mouldings of the ribs, ^particf
ularly in the flamboyant style.

NET MASONRY.
pattern.

Stone-work

in

diamond

<;

NEW

osc

NEWEL)
NEUL

The

post at the starting of the

rail or the central post or column
(
around which a circular stairway is built.
NICHE (Ital.) A hollow place or cavity, gen
erally in a wall used for the reception of a

OCTAHEDRON

of a niche, or forming

supporting the base

a

part of one,

Wooden

which

blocks built into walls

to secure the finishing work.

HOGGING
built

Brick work

(Brick.)

between studding;

NOGGING PIECES. Bond

in

filled

wooden

sides

or

equilateral triangles.
j

ODEUM
ODEON

A round window.
A rehearsal room

(Lat.)

timbers hud
si

in

ml

certain clas-

Romanesque

the

style,

as

adapted by the early English architects.

In

its first

tics

were

"stages the principal characterisplain, massive piers and walls, cir-

cular openings, and few mouldings. In the

later stages of the style the details became
lighter and more ornate. The Norman arch
was either round, semi-circular or of a horse
shoe form, the capitals of pillars and col
umns being devoid of ornamentation. The
doorways were dec ]), recessed with moulded
jambs and archivolts. The zig-zag moulding was one of the principal marking features of the style. Spires and pinnacles are
rare in this style, square and massive
towers predominating. The period covering the practice of this style from its inception to its final transition into the Early
English style, may be dated from A. D. 1066
to 1189. comprising the reigns of William I..

William II., Henry I.. Stephen, Henry II.,

and Richard I., of England.
NOSINGS The projecting mouldings of a step
)

NOSING
in stair building.
NOTCH-BOARD. (See Carriage of a stair.)
NOTCHING A term used in framing to denote
\

NOTCHED

the

ing-room.
Business rooms in public buildings
In extensive dwellings, the rooms allotted

to the servants.

A term applied to any portion of a

building or wall receding from a certain

face, as a buttress, caps, etc.

i

O. G.

moulding of the same outline

Cymatium.

act.

of lilting

one piece into

another.

OGIVAL.

A French

G. form.
designating the

term

Gothic.

OGIVES (Fr.

The diagonal arches of a vaulted

)
or groined ceiling.

OILLETS (Fr.)
OILLETTES
01 LETS

Small

base of ancient cement

flooring.

NURAGHE. The

remains of ancient Phoeni-

cian buildings.

of

discharged.

OP/E

The

(Gr.)

clear distance

From

Qi

roh v r

well-known wood

used

there are several va

black.

OBELISK

Cu p

joists.

for the

purposes of performing operas

An enclosed orwalled
space behind a clas-

OPISTHODOMOS ((Jr.
OPISTHODOMUS

sic temple.

OPUS.

(See Net Masonry.)

ORANGERY. A

building devoted to the cul-

ture of oranges.

ORATORY

A small chapel or building

used for the purpose of prayer. (Roman.)
(Lat.) (Same as Boss.) A blank window
(Lat.)

ORB

or panel.

ORCHESTRA.

in mo<
theatres
hestra or musicia

spi re

set apart for (he oi

ORDER

(Lat.)
A tern used to designate
tain classification i>r arrangement
the
sever;
letails and parts of a distinct period
of arc

ORDINANCE

(Fr.)

ORDONNANCE

(Same

.is

ifi

ra>,

OBLIQUE ARCHES.

Those constructed on
an angle; obliquely.
OBLONG. A rectangle of unequal dimensions.

OBTUSE (Lat.) Anything blunt.

OBTUSE ANGLED' TRIANGLE. One
(Gr

ORIEL
ORIEL WINDOW
ORIOLE

drawn from any

f

any certain

ing architectural con

\
struction of any external form, divided into
several windows or openings.

ORLE

(Ital.)
A border or fillet.
under the ovolo of a capital.

ORNAMENTS (Lat.)

with

or drop arch.

geometrical figure of eight

sides

and angles.

The square

Architectural decoration

or embellishment.

ORTHOGONAL.

(Same

as Rectangle.)

(Gr
In architecture the
delineation of a front elevation or facade.
)

ORTHOSTYLE. The arrangement

flat

ter-

known.) A
projecting or overhang

)(Etym. not

ORTHOGRAPHY

an obtuse outline.

OBTUSE ARCH. A

Order.)

initiation.
ii

building;
as white, red and
in

general appellation given

(Lat.)
to a quadrangular shaft of stone, raised as
a monument.

OCTAGON
OCTOGON

between

OPENING (Sax.) (See Aperture.)

OPERA HOUSE. A building erected

Certain line
point in the direction

(Sax.)

in
castles,

ancient

through which missiles were

ORDINATES.

openings

ircular

walls

NUCLEUS (Lat.) The

OAK

as

OGYVE
OGEE ARCH An arch partaking ol
\

NORMAN ARCHITECTURE.
of

in a theatre.

A music room or building.

apartment attached to a din

An

OFFICES.

OGEE

In geometry a figure of nine

and angles.

sification

OFFSET.

brick.

brick work, secured at the end to the

ding.

NONAGON (Gr.)

to

geometrical figure of
eight equal and eight

OCTASTYLE
An order consisting of
OCTOSTYLE (Gr.)
eight columns. (Classic.)

OZCUS(Gr.)

NOGS.

OCT^EDRON

OCULUS.

statue, vase, etc.

NICHED COLUMN. One

(Gr.)

of columns

in a straight line.

OSCULATING CIRCLE.
of curvature.

-In

geometry

a circle

PARGE WORK.

OUN
OUNDY MOULDING. A

PEC

PARACLOSE A wooden screen used in cathedrals to separate side chapels

PARCLOSB

moulding of a wavy

outline.

IN BOND. Quoius used

OUT-AND

from the body of the church.

PARALLEL COPING. Roof coping
allel with the quarry bed.

alternately

on corners.

OUTFALL
OUTLET

mouth

Tlie

or termination of a

PARALLELOGRAM (Gr.) A

drain or pipe.
Relating to the egg ornament of
the Echenus. which see.
OVAL Lat. A figure in geometry, consisting
of an endless line; egg-shaped.
\

OVA (Lat.)

(Same as

SvIrStORy"}
OVOLO (Lat.) A

PARASCENIUM

clear-story.)

ancient

The
(Gr.)
theatre.

section.

or protection.

back part of an

Roman

PARASTAT^l

PARASTATA
PARGET
PARGETING
PARGED

or winding.

Distance from

geometrical figure.

PARAMETER (Gr.) A conic

PARAPET (Lat.) A low wall

convex or half-round moulding used in Roman work.

OUT OF WINDING. A term used to convey
the fact of a flat straight surface, not crooked

OUT TO OUT.

four-sided recti-

sides are parallel.

PARALLELOPIPED. A

whose

lineal figure

laid par-

s
(bame

I
\

as Antfe

The

act of plastering or finishing the flue of a chimney

)
-

with mortar.
(Same as Barge-Board.
PARGE WORK. Ornamental plastering or
patterns used in decorating walls.
PARLOUR (Fr.) A term given to the principal
apartment of a modern
PARLOR
f

one extreme

PARGE-BOARD.

to another.

OUTWARD ANGLE. A salient angle.

OXYGON (Gr.) An acute-angled triangle.

>

house.

PACE. (Same
PACKING.

to

PARPEYX. A

the interstices of stone

till

from

tall

pyramidal construction

ot

the Chinese.
(Same as Nattes.)

In architecture a term denoting

modern

residence of a minister of

celebrated temple of

an-

cient Athens.

PARTING BEAD A small

grooved
PARTING STRIP

bead

two of

stile

window

of a

or

strip

into tin; pulley

frame, separating the

sash.

(Lat.) A term generally used to de

note a large dwelling or edifice; a royal
residence.

PALACE

PALAESTRA

(Or.)

Part of a Grecian gymna-

sium.

PALISADES. An enclosure or strong fence.

PALM. An ancient unit of measurement, derived from the breadth of the
inches.

hand or four

PALLADIAX.

Referring to an Italian school

of architecture originated by Palladio.
PAMPRE (Fr. An ornamental carving of vine
)

leaves.

PARTITION (Lat.)
PARTY WALL. A

In architecture, a division

wall generally erected be-

tween two separate buildings and centered

upon the dividing line of two lots of ground.
The main entrance to a church a
PARVIS
porch or portico
PARVISE
PARVIS TURRET. A small tower or turret
)

inclosing
Parvis.

stairway

leading

A communication

PASSAGE.

to

the

or hall between

rooms.

PASTOPH()RIA(Gr.) An apartment

in a

Gre-

cian temple.

The square framing of English

PATBAND.

half-tim

beied houses.

Garlands
(Gr.)
fruits, flowers, etc.

PANE.

PANEL

(Fr.)

and carvings of

A sunken surface of any form

surrounded by a raised or moulded border.
(Same
PANNIER.
as Corbel.)

A curved

A room

in

roof

tile.

modern houses gener-

partition

ASYMPTOTE
CURVE
SPIRAL

PARABOLOID J

with the parabola.

PATE.

In

fortifications
a wall.

a circular

Geome

PATERA

(Lat.)

platform

shallow circular

Roman

vessel used in sacrifices.

PATERNOSTERS. A

species of ornament
formed by beads, ovals, baguetts, etc
(Lat.)
A street, tl \ or walk.
of stone, brick, etc.

PAVEMENT
PAVILION

(Fr.)

building

usually

insu-

and contained under a single roof

term often applied to a
hip roof, springing from an octagon or cir
lated

devoted to culinary uses.

(G
A curved geometri

PARABOLA

PARABOLIC
PARABOLIC
PARABOLIC
PARABOLIC

surrounded by

surface figure, as a square, octagon,

rectangle, etc., as a pane of glass.

PANTILE.

The bottom plate of

or screen.

PANCARPI

ally

PARQUETTE

PARTHENON. A

a kind.

PANTRY.

projecting

the church.

of colors, combined with a practical knowledge of their uses.

PAN.

buttress

Inlaid work, relating to floors.

The central portion of a
(Fr.)
theatre the lower Moor.

PARSONAGE. The

PAILLASSE.
PAINT. A pigment of many colors and shades.
PAINTER, An artisan who practices the art
PAIR.

or

pier

a wall.

PARQUETRY.

(See Parget.

PAGODA

Relating to the scenery of a

(Gr.)
theatre.

Roman

Small stones bedded in mortal

and used
work.

PAGET.
PAGOI)

PARODOS

as Dais.)

line.
t

c a

problems

based upon.
or connected

PAVILION ROOF. A
cular plan.

A tablet or panel decorated with some

Christian symbol.
Soft brick common brick.

PAX.

PECKIMGS.

PIER

PILASTER

PEC

PIT

PECKY.

Timber showing

the

PERPEN ASHLAR. (Same as

PERPENDICULAR PERIOD.

stages of

first

decay.

The last stage

of English Gothic architecture. The term
isderived from the predominance of vertical
lines employed.
This style gradually developed from the Decorated during the
latter part of the Fourteenth century and
flourished until the middle of the sixteenth.

PEDESTAL.

The base or lowermost portion

of an order of architecture.

PEDIMENT. Toe gable or triangular

portion

of a classic cornice.

PEDIMENT ARCH.

(Same

as Mitre Arch.)

PELASGIAC (Relating- to Cyclopean strucPELASGIAN f tures.

PELL TOWER. (Same meaning as Donjon.)
PELLET MOULDING. A Norman moulding

PERPEND STON E

ornamental,

PERSIANS

carved or

PIRSIC

Terms used

to express

various

forms of constructive processes employed

in building vaulted ceilings.

PENITENTIARY. A

A geometrical figure, the base of

double triangle.

PENTADORON

An

(Gr.)

ancient brick five

palms long.

PENTAGON
sides

A geometrical figure of

(Gr.)

five

and angles.

instrument used to copy

drawings.
J
PENTALPIIA. Ageometrical figure taking the
form of a five pointed star.
)

PENTASTYLE. A
Roman

PENTRALI A

stone

uprigj

use

masoni

A. seat in a church building.

PUP (A
PHAROS A lighthouse. The term isderived

Lat.

Roman

small

England

equals 15} cube

it

United States 24} cube

(Gr.

In

the space between

portico and walls of

work.

feet.

In

feet.

built in

PIEDROIT

(Gr.)

cell.

of a

the

same meaning

ancient
Roman
and Greek architecture an
open court surrounded by a

(Gr.)

In

partially

engaged

wall

pilaster

la

square corner, an angle,

H Same

a riser

a hip.

formed on the

rebate
of a step.

A solid wall between openings.

(Fr.)
wall space between doors or windows.
(Same as Impost, a Pilaster.
PIER ARCH. Anarch springing from a pier.
PILA. (See Pile.)
PILASTER. A square pier or column gradually
projecting about a fourth of its width.
A timber driven into the earth for
(Lat.)
support of a foundation or wall.
PILLAGE. A term sometimes used Undesignate
(Lat.)

term used

,
asAacon
-)
,

to

indicate

column of any form or proportion,

not

classic.

A mechanical invention
securing framing timbers.

or device

for

PINACOTHECA (Gr.) A picture gallery.

PINNACLE Lat.
A point, the crowning
I

apex of any architectural Creation.

To wedge up. to fasten with a pin.
I'P.
PIPE. Generally a water conduit.
PISCINA (Lat.) A water font or vessel used

PIN

in

Christian churches.

PISE.
PIT,

colonnade.
)

figure.

(Much

(Gr.)
as Periptere.)

PERITHERIDES
PERETHYRIDES

PIN.

The circumference

PERIPTERAL

(Fr.)

a pilaster.

An

A celebrated Roman

England.

PIEND CHECK. The

PILLAR

ancient building surrounded with insulated columns.

PERISTYLIUM)
PERISTYLE
PERISTYLON

building devoted to the

h and open court, or SOU are

PEACHE

ancient architecture
the columns of the

any curvilinear
(Gr.)

science of sound.

PUTS WALL.

In geometry the boundary

(Gr.)

The

PILE

of a figure.

PERIPHERY

PHONICS.
PIAZZA

PLRGETINg" t (Same as Parget.)

PERIBOLUS (Gr.) A Roman court.

PERIMETER

Alexandria.

PIIEASANTRY.

The

on one

(See Paraclose.)

PERIDROME

from a celebrated lighthouse of

PIER

chapel.

PERBEND. A header in masonry.

PERCH. A measure for brick or itone
PERCLOSE.

PIIARE

bottom of

circle or

Celtic

PEW

temple.

PERIPTERE

PEULVAN.

PIENI).

The most sacred portion

(Lat.)

PENTROOP A roof with a slope

PENTHOUSE C side only a lean-to.
In

the

i..

classic portico of five col-

umns.
of a

>

devoted

treatment of infectious diseases.

PENTAGRAPH An
PENTOGRAPH

PENTRALE

building

PENTACLE.
is

place of confinement for

criminals.

which

,a
,,,
[(SameasAtlantes.)
)

PEST-HOUSE.
)

by the Persians.

itecture practiced

turned drop.

PENDENTIVE VAULT
PENDENTIVE BRACKETING
PENDENTIVE CRADLING

no

jecting from a wall.

POST. A short post resting on a

corbel of a. gothic roof, forming tbe starting of the truss.

An

sr..

PERRON. An outside stairway.

PERSIAN ARCHITECTURE That ancien t
style of archPERSEPOLITAN "
\

PENDANT

(Lat.)

(Same as Binders.)

vaulted roof without groining.

PENDENT

PERPENT-STONE
reaching through a
PERPENDER.
wall.
PERPEYN WALL. A pier or buttress pro-

consisting of a Hat band, ornamented with

Hat circular disks.

PEND.

Ashlar.)

certain kind of wall built of earth

OF A THEATRE

PITCH.

Atermnse.lt

roof or the incline

<

(Sai

indi<

any

is

or

Parquette.

the slant of a

PORTICO
PORTICUS

POT

PIT

PITCH OF AN ARCH.

The versed

sine or

dom

kiud of rough or ran-

stone masonry.

PITCHING PIECE. The bottom part of a flight

of

stairs.

PLACARD.

The

interior finish or

recess or box forming part of a

frame or sliding door.

window

height from spring line to intrados.

PITCHED "WORK. A

POCKET.

head casing

of a door.

PODIUM

(Lat.) A sort of continuous base or

pedestal or railing.
(Lat.)
That which has no size or
dimension (geometry); the end of any object

POINT

POINT ACCIDENTAL j
POINT OF DISTANCE Terms used in perPOINT OBJECTIVE f spective drawing.
POINT OF SIGHT
J
POINT A L. (See King-post.)
POINTED ARCH. An early English (Gothic)
!

Common

PLACE BRICK.

PLAFOND

The

)(Fr.)

brick, soft brick.

ceiling of

(Same as Soffit.)
PLATF,OND
PLAIN TILE Roof tile whose

room.

surfaces are

smooth.
PLANE TILE
PLAN (Lat.) The representation

arch.

or drawing of
a building, or an arrangement of the rooms

POINTED ARCHITECTURE. A general

and apartments.

POINTING.

PLANCHER The under surface of a cornice.

(Same as Soffit.)
PLANCEER
PLANE (Lat.) A flat, even surface.
PLANE GEOMETRICAL^ Terms used in dem"
the
PLANE HORIZONTAL
onstrating
of perPLANE INCLINED
i
science
PLANE OBJECTIVE
spective drawPLANE PERSPECTIVE J ing.
/

PLANIMETRY.

That branch
and surfaces.

relating to lines

A name

PLANK.
from

geometry

of

and from 4

to V2

inches wide.

PLANK ROOF A roof framing

PLANK TRUSS
plank.
)

formed of

PLANTED. A moulding
work attached

PLANTING.

or piece of joiners'

to another, as planted on.

Denoting the laying of the

first

course of stone in a foundation.

PLASTER.
plaster.

of

gypsum

or

ground preparation

The name

alabaster.

is

derived from the fact of its first being procured at Mont Martre. near Paris, France.

PLAT.

facia or

band or moulding

as a

timber or beam used

flat

in

con-

best quality of

window

glass, generally heavy, thick, and polished.

Made of silica 78 parts, potash 2, soda 19,
5,

alumina

2.

PLATE TRACERY

A simple form of Gothic

tracery used in early English work.
(See Plafond.)

PLATFOND
PLATFORM

The

raised portion of a floor, a

dais.

PLINTH

The lower block of a pilaster

The base of any portion.

(Gr.)

or column

PLOUGHED
A continuous groove
pi q.
of joiner s work
PLOUGH
'

in a

piece

PLUGS

Wood

masonry

PLUMBER

to

pins or wedges driven

secure wood finishing to.

An

artificer

who works

in

into
lead

and hydraulics.

PLUMBING

The

of working in lead and

hydraulic apparatus

PLUTEUS

as

Podium.)

term synonymous with

in

Gothic

tracery, formed by the

intersection
several segments or "circles.

POLYGON

of

geometrical figure whose

perimeter consists of more than four sides
(Gr.)

and angles.

POLYGRAM
many

(Gr.)

geometrical figure

of

lines.

POLYHEDRON A solid geometrical figure

POLYHEDRON
contained under several
>

sides or planes.

POLYSTYLE
columns

(Gr.)

building having

many

(classic.)

POM EL (Lat.) A pinnacle.

POPPY HEAD
n work the o in anient
Gothic
POPPIE II F \D
POPPIES

al
\

termination of

Much

(Fr.)

pew

ends.

same meaning

the

as

Portico, which see.

The facade

(Fr.)

of a building, a

gateway.

gateway, doorway or enof a room.

A strong screen or frame
work to an ancient gateway.
PORTICO
(Span.. A covered colonnade, an
(Lat.)

The square corner

trance.

PORTCULLIS

(Fr.)

PORTICUS

entrance.

PORTLAND CEMENT.
made

POST

A quick

setting lime,

of clay and limestone.

(Fr
An upright support, a timber
roof truss, as King or Queen post. etc.
)

POSTERN

in

rear or side doorway, a small

gateway.

POSTICUM.

(Same as Postern.)
or wall of a classic temple.

POSTIQUE

The

rear part

In sculpture a superadded

(Lat.)

ornament.

POST-SCENIUM
PA R ASCEN U M
Roman

(Lat.)

place

A
at

room or
the rear end of a

dressing

theatre.

POT METAL. A
in

(Same

POLYFOIL. An ornament common

art

points used in glazing.

tin

foot of rafters.

POLYCHROMY.

PORTAL

structive carpentry.

PLATE GLASS. The

lime

Triangular

purlin secured at the lower

ends of a set of roof trusses to carry the

PORT AIL

fillet.

PLATE.

flat

POINTS.

POLE PLATE, A

PORCH

(Same as Plan.)

PLATBAND. Any

act of filling the joints of

brick or stone work, or planting on a false
joint, using a superior kind of mortar or
cement for the work.

mixture of lime, sand, hair and

A preparation of ground gypsum.

PLASTERER. An artisan who works in
water.

PLASTER OF PARIS. A

The

fresco painting.

generally applied to timber

2 to 4 inches thick

term

for Gothic.

certain kind of stained glass

which the colors are incorporated while

in a state of fusion.

POU

QUA.

POULTRY HOUSE.

building devoted to

the care and shelter of poultry.

POYNTELL.

pavement

diamond-shaped

POZZOLANA
POZZUOLANA
PUZZUOLANA

tiles

PRjECINCTIO,

which when ground

mixed with lime and
and strong setting

Italy,

and'
a hard

water forms
cement.
or BALTEUS
PKECEPTORY

of

tiles.

Volcanic matter from the

district around Pozzuoii,

A seat or bench in
ancient theatres.
building devoted to the
uses of ancient Knights

(Lat.)

J
/

PRECEPTORIES

One

(Fr.)

of

the

mechanical

five

powers.

composed

or diagonal

Pl'ZZOLANA

PULLEY

Templar.

PRESBYTERY. The choir of a cathedral.

PRICKING UP COAT. The first coat

PULLY MORTISE.
PULPIT. A raised

(Same asChace Mortice.)

dais platform, or enclosed

space in a church.

PULPITUM.

(Same as Proscenium.)

PULVINARIA

(Lat.

In

ancient

temples,

cushions for the priest's use.

PULVINATA

(Lat.)
the Ionic capital,

PULVINATED
amples

PUMP.

(Lat.)

pillow as applied to

some

frieze, as in

ex-

takes the form of a swell or pillow.

it.

A mechanical

apparatus for raisin- or

forcing water.
of

plastering.

PUNCHION (Fr.) A post or strut, a

PURFLED (Fr. Fine carved work

brace.

in

stone.

PRICK-POST. (Same as Queen-post.)

PRIMING. The first coat of paint.
PRINCIPAL. Generally a truss rafter.

PURLIN.

PRINCIPAL BRACE.

PUT LA L. The curbstone to a well.

Short timbers or log- used in
PUTLOG
PUTLOCK
building scaffolds.
PUTLOG HOLES. Holes left in mason work

In roof framing the

main brace under the principal rafter.
The
PRINCIPAL RAFTER.
main rafter formin";' the upper part of a roof truss.

PRIORY.

monastery.

PRISM. A geometrical figure.

PRISMOID. A geometrical figure.
PRISON. (See Penitentiary.)
PRODOMUS. The cell of an ancient temple.
PROFILE. The outline or contour of a body.
PROJECTION. The art of representing a
body on

A term used to denote the

prominent parts of a building.
(Same as Portico or Porch.)

PROJECTURE.

rafters.

which supports one end of the putlog

PUTTY

(Fr.)

white lead,

mixture made of

(See Pozzolana.)

PYCNOSTVLE

(Gr.)

An

or range of Col-

to-

term used to denote the massive

walls of an Egyptian temple.

PVNUNTA BLE. (Same as coping.)

PYRAMID (Gr. A massive erection
)

of stone

tibule.

['

base, terminating at a point.

PYRAMIDION.

A small pyramid terminating

the top of a shaft or obelisk.

PROSCENIUM

temple

ancient

where the columns stand quite close

gether.

'

PROPYLEUM
PROPYLON

whiting,

oil, etc.

PUZZOLANA.

(See Post.)

PROPSTYLE A Colonnade
PROTSTYLE
umns.
PROPYL^EA (Gr.n
PROPYL^EUM
A court

an

common

PYLON.

a plane by lines.

PRONAOS.
PROP.

horizontal piece of timber resting upon and reach ing from one truss rafter
to another for the purpose of carrying the

entrance or ves-

PYRAMIDOID. A

geometrical solid.

(Classic.)

(Gr.)

That part of the stage of

in front of the drop

ancient theatre

curtain.

PROSTAS. A Colonnade.
PROSTYLL. A range of columns.
FROSTY PA Car
in half relief.
PROSTIPA
/

YDRA.

plain border, frame

il

to a

panel.

or squares each side

"
Base. The lower
of an
of the
member of a pedestal or plinth,
(Lat.)
A plane figure of four
sides and angles.

Small

AD1-LE.

fillets

li

ADRANGLE

FROTHY RIS (Gr.) A crossbeam, a console.

PROTHYRUM (Gr.) A porch or portal.
PSEUDISODOMON (Gr.) Same as rockface
PSEUDISODOMUM
stonework.

ADRANT. The

PSEUDODIPTERAL

ADRILATERAL. A geometrical figure.

\DRIPORTKTS. A quadrangular portico.
\RREL A diamond shaped tile, slate or

An ancient temple
(Gr.)
having a portico of eight columns in front
and a single row on each side

PSEU DO PERIPTERAL

(Gr.)

An

a circle.

so as to open

into four sections

half in height or width

ancient tem-

having engaged columns on each side.

PTERA (Gr. In Grecian temples the colon
nade surrounding the cell.
PTEROMA (Gr.) In Grecian temples the space
PTEROMATA \ between the walls of the
cell and the columns.
PUDDLING. Denoting a method of filling or
backing a wall with clay.
PUGGING. (Same asDeafening.)
PLTG FILING. Same as sheet or plank piling.
ple

quarter of

\DREL. A square stone.

VDRIFORES. A door cut

light of glass.
ARRY
A term used to denote the
ARRY BED
natural bed of stone when
ARRY BOND
\

stratified.

\RTERS
1 Scantlings of studs
from two to four
ARTERINGS
inches thick. A
VRTER PARTITIONS
square panel.
ARTER TIMBERS
VRTER GRAIN. (See Quarter Sawed.)
\RTER PACE. The quarter landing of a
I

stairwav.

QUA
QUARTER ROUND. A moulding whose con-

RES

tour

a quarter ot a circle.

is

QUARTER SAWED A method of sawing timber transversely to the

OR RIFT SAWED

RAYONXANT

A French

term for the

enriched and radiating lines in Gothic ar(Fr.)

chitecture.

circular rings or plates, or cutting the medullary rays at right angles with the circles

of growth.

QUATRE FOIL (Fr.) A

gothic form, the outline of which is derived by the intersect

of four circles, the points of meeting being

QUEEN. A certain size

QUEEN-POST. A term

QUIRK.

vaull

or

REBBATE. (See Rabbet.)

RECESS (Lat.) Same as Alcove; a cavity.
RECESSED VAULT OR ARCH. One vault

re-

slate

used

applied

in roofing.

the sus-

RECTIFICATION.

to

Lime

groove or recess.

QUIRK-MOULDING. A
QUOIN (Fr.) (See Coin.)

(See

Bead and

convex moulding.

RECTORY. An

A name given to
known as the Per-

English term for

priest's

dwelling, generally adjacent to and belonging to the church.

REDAN

Projections built against walls-

(Fr.)

a small fortification.

RABBET (Fr.) )A channel or groove sunk

into a piece of framing
REBATE

REDOUBT Lat.
REDOUBTE

small square fort or fortification.

lumber; a square recess or

REDUCT. A quirk or groove.

REED MOULDING. A moulding

The

REFECTORY

formed

like

a bundle of beads or reeds.

sink.

RABBET- JOINT.

joint

formed

by a

rabbet.

center of a circle to the circumference.

RAFFLE-LEAF.

RAFTER.

The timbers of

RAG WORK. A
RAIL (Ger.)
RAILING
top

rail,

parts of a structure, as

bottom

rail,

lock

hand

rail, etc., etc.

Generally a term used to designate

that portion of a stairs between
f
the steps or treads, secured to the front edge
of one and the bac k edge of the other.
)

REASON-PIECES

under

English timber build-

In

a piece that lies

top of the posts after

ings,

beam and on

the nature of a

lintel.

RAKE
RAKING
RAKING MOULDINGS

)
'

RAMP

(Fr.)
In hand-railing, the concavity
formed on top of a rail, where it rises from
a landing or platform onto a step.

RAMPANT ARCH.
on unequal

One whose abutments

levels

re-

hall.

(Fr.)
A flat, narrow moulding prinRIGLET f cipally to divide panels.
REGRATING. The process of refinishing or
l

(Lat.)

A band

Doric architrave.

in the

REIGNER WORK. Same as Inlaid Work.

REINS OF A VAULT. The walls that sustain
the vault or roof.

REJOINT1NG. The

act of filling old joints in

stone-work with new mortar.

A term used
(Lat.)

RELIEVO

sculpture

to

designate

in relief.

RELIEVING ARCH.

Same

as

Discharging

Arch.

RELISH.

The projection

of the .shoulders of

a tenon.

The edge of a sloping

roof; the incline of

a roof; the mouldings at the overhanging edge of a roof.

RAMPART. The

dining

mechanical invention for

the preservation of perishable meats, food,

REGLET

REGULA

RAISING-PIECES

which

in

tooling the face of stone-work.

a roof framing.

rough kind of stone-work.

term used to designate certain

rail,

REFRIGERATOR. A

etc.

The

imitation of a leaf or
leaves used in decoration, as the acanthus
leaf in the Corinthian capital.

RAISER
RISER

(Lat.)

freshments are served;

RAD. A wall built of chopped straw and clay.

RADIUS. In geometry the distance from the

are

composed

A geometrical problem;
determining the length of a

the act of

a figure

that period of Gothic art

pendicular.

Quirk.)

REBATING

geometry

RECTILINEAR PERIOD.

in a fresh, live state.

Choi,

as

as recessed

cessed within another.

In
of right angles.

pended posts of a roof truss, serving the

same purpose of the king post, which sec.

[ Same

Same

RECTANGLE.

termed cusps.

QUICKLIME.

HEAR VAULT.

one above the other.

walls enclosing a fortifica-

tion.

RENAISSANCE.

term given to the revival

of classic details in French Gothic ArchitecIt
corresponds with the Italian
ture.
Cinque Cento, and the English Elizabethan.

RENDER

RENDERING

The manner of
rectly

on

plastering distone or
brick

walls.

REPLUM

In ancient architecture the

(Lat.)
panels of a door.

REREDOS
A screen or ornamental panel
REREDOSSE
work behind the altar or puli

pit of a church.

RANCE.

RESERVOIR

Scotch term for a post or prop.

RANDOM-RANGE WORK. A

term applied
stone-work where the courses are not all
of an even thickness.
to

R ANGE. A

term used to designate any portion

of a building built in regular order.

RANGE WORK.
courses are

all in

Stone-work where
the same line

the

(Fr.) A basin, cistern or tank

for the supply of water.

RESIGNER WORK.
RESPONDS.

(See Reigner

In Gothic

art,

Work.

half piers or but-

tresses.

RESSAUNT
RESSAULT
another.

(Fr.)
'

The projection

moulding beyond the

of one
face of

RUS

RET

shelf in the chancel of a church.

RETABLE.
RETAINING WALL. A wall built generally
on an incline, or wider at the bottom than
the top, for the purpose of counteracting
the thrust of a bank of earth or a lateral
pressure of any kind.

RETICULATED
RETICULATED

(Diamond-shaped.

WORK

like the

meshes of

a net.

RETRENCHMENT.

The act of cutting

off or

reducing parts.
act of extending a moulding
or any part in an opposite direction, or on
another angle.

RETURN. The

RETURN BEAD. Same as Bead and

REVEAL (Lat.) The vertical joints

Quirk.
or sides

REVELS

of an opening
face to the frame.
)

in a wall,

from the

REVERSED ARCH. Same as Inverted Arch.

REVERSED OGEE. (See Ogee.)
An apartment

RHODIACUM.

Grecian

in

house

ROMAN

ROMANESQUE ARCHITECTURE.

Tn eometrv
fQ
<!,.;,]
; S ure
eiain
,

(-

An

tion

architectural

measure equal

cross-form decorasquare yards.

to 36

ROOD- ARCH. A chancel arch.

ROOD-BEAM. A beam over the

moulded projection dividi

a ({o,n c vauit root or ceiling

gen-

etc.

ROOD.

debased style- or
eral term for several
classes of architecture based on the Roman,
as the Byzantine. Lombardic, Saxon, Nor-

man,

RHOMB
RHOMBOID
RHOMBUS
SaX
T?TBS
'H A
RIBBED
RIBBET

the numerous cities of the Roman Empire.

Many of the stupendous works of the
Romans were erected under the immediate
direction of the several great Emperors
who. from 4(10 B. ('. to the Christian era.
reigned as conquerers of the surrounding
countries, using the proceeds of their numerous conquests to build and beautify
The distinctive features of
their capital.
Roman architecture arc massive walls and
piers, the arch and the gigantic scale upon
which their great works were built. The
early efforts of the Romans were based on
the principles derived from the Etruscans
and Greeks, developing gradually, however,
into a style that ultimately became known
as the Roman order of architecture.
CEMENT. A name first given to a
celebrated cement used by the Romans, and
lately to an English preparation.

entrance to

'

>

(Sax.)

ROOD-SCREEN.

and chancel of

g
fi as wecess.;
)
^(toarne

REBET

RIDGE

Tin

screen between the nave

church.

ROOD-TOWER. A

(Sax.
roof.

joint or

apex of

a gable

tower at the intersection

of the chancel or transept and nave.
(Sax.)
The covering of a building; the
ROOFING f to]i of a building.

ROOE

RIDGE-POLE.

The horizontal

piece of timber

at the ridge of a gable roof to

cured the rafters.

which

is

se-

ROOM. The division of a house: an apartment.

ROSE
A flower ornament used in theaba/

RIDGE-TILE.

Roofing

of a convex shape

tile

for covering a ridge.

stones.

to raise a

constructed so as
n opening.

door or blind

A small metal
ROCK FACE WORK

bolt.
)

ROUGH STONE WORK,

The

face of which
left

is

broken,

the courses being regular, and the vertical

and horizontal joints equally broken, but
cut square and straight.

ROCOCO. A

debased French ornament used

in

decoration.

ROD.

measure of length, 16A

ROD WORK.
A

large bead.
fillet

ROLL MOULDING.

on

bead having

square

its face.

Gothic

bead-like

Iron

beams

for support of
heavy weights, so called from the fact of
their being wrought between rollers and

not

ROT.

(See

ROTONDO
ROTUNDA

Dry

cast.

ROMAN ARCHITECTURE
ROMAN ORDER

That

style

of

architecture

employed by the ancient Romans in the

erection of Rome, Corinth, Carthage, and

came

Roman

term

Rot.)

A term generally applied

to a circular building or
portion of a building.
ROUGH-CAST. A kind of rough plastering
used on external walls, or in panel? of frame
(Lat ))

a circular

buildings.

ROUGHED

IN. A term used by plumbers to

designate that the ground or rough work is
done.

The rough

carriage of

stair.

rubbed

to a

smooth

RUBBLE- WORK.

has been

surface.

rough, irregular class of

stone masonry.
A pavement composed
cement and small stones or pebbles.

RUDERATION.

moulding.

ROLLED BEAMS.

rosette

circular window divided

by mullions or tracery into several compartments or panels.

ROUNDEL. A bead or astragal.

RUBBED WORK. Stone-work that

ROLL AND FILLET. A

projection or

ROSE-WINDOW.

ROUGH-STRING.

feet.

In brick-work, joints laid to a

rod or rule.

ROLL.

Corinthian capital,

(Lat.)
An ancient
for a platform; a raised place.

hing

RIVET.'

the

which the

of

into favor.

ROSTRUM.

(See Raiser.)

RISING HINGE.

ens of

from the use

RIGGEN. (Same as Ridge.)

RIGHT ANGLE. An angle of 90 degrees.
RIP RAP. A wall or foundation of loose
RISER.

ROSETTE

RULE

'

JOINT.

of

quarter-round placed in an
The term is derived from

internal angle.
the joint of the foot rule.

RUSTIC.

A term used

in imitation

to designate

of nature.

RUSTIC JOINT.
shape of which

A
is

rough

any work
state.

joint in stone-work the

a

V.

SCH

RUS
Stone work composed of

RUSTIC ORDER.

Quoins, Rustic joints,

etc.

RUSTIC WORK.

Rough stone-work, the face

of the stone being pointed off or picketed.
scotch term for Reveal
RYBAT.

SASH

frame constructed of wood or

metal for the purpose of holding the glass
of windows.
(Fr.

SASH FRAMES.

Same

window

as

made

so

as to receive the sash.

SASH LINES OR CORDS.

which

small inclosed space or

SACELLUM
court without a roof. A small chapel. A
monumental chapel within a church.
(Lat.)

SADDLE-BACK ROOF.
the roof of a tower

when

term applied to

it is

gable shaped.

^The bending of a body from its

SAG
own weight, when each end is
SAGGING
J

supported.

SAGITTA

term sometimes applied to

(Lat.)
In geometry, the abscissa of
a keystone.
In trigonometry, the versed sine
a curve.
of an arch.

SALIENT

(Fr.)

term used to denote the

projection of a part or moulding.

A term used to denote the act of

notching a piece of timber; as the foot of

by
sash

A metal invention for the purpose of securing sash from being opened.
metal pulley used to carry
the sash cord.
SASH RAIL. The cross pieces at the top and
bottom of a sash frame.

SAXON ARCHITECTURE.

thin beveled board placed at a

floor for the door to close
onto; often called a threshold.
SADDLE-BACK COPING. Stone coping cut
with a raised or slanting top to shed water

cord
the

SASH LOCK.

SADDLE. A

doorway on the

to

window

SASH PULLEY. A

(Lat.)

The

are suspended
frame.

sash

weights of a

small sacred apartment

(Same as Sanctuary.)
in a Roman house.
SACRISTY. A room or vestry attached to an
Episcopal or Catholic church.

SACRARIUM

frames; a

frame constructed to form the opening of a

window,

The early style

of architecture practiced in England prior
to the introduction of the Norman style,
or during the eleventh century.

SCABBLING.
stone

The act of working the face of

work down to a square and even sur-

SCABELLUM

(Lat.)

port of a bust,
buildings.

SCAFFOLD

pedestal for the supancient Roman

used in

(Fr.)
frame work roughly constructed for the purpose of convenience in
the work of building.
(Ital.)
A species of plaster work
imitating marble, invented by Sassi, 1630
A. D. It is made of a composition of plas-

SCAGLIOLA
ter,

gypsum, Flanders

glue,

isinglass

and

SALLY.

a rafter.

SALLY-PORT.

In fortifications, a passage,
generally underground, for the conduct of
troops from the inner to the outer works.

SALON
SALOON

spacious apartment; a
(Fr.)
hall or gallery, frequently part of
a palace or building for public use.
)

SANCTE-BELL COT. A

small bell turret at

the east end of the nave of an Episcopal or
Catholic church.
SANCTUARY. The eastern end of the chancel of an Episcopal or Catholic church.

SAND

(Dutch.) In mineralogy a name given

to all mineral matters that exist in minute
detached grains, generally formed by the
disintegration of stone or rock by the action
of water.

SAND-STONE.

In mineralogy, stone principally composed of grains of sand, cemented

together with various mineral substances,
as lime, oxide of iron, alumine, etc,

SAP.

The

liquid

and glutinous substance per-

vading perennial plants or trees that feeds

and nourishes them, and principally assists
the process of growth.

SAPHETA. (Same as Soffit.)

SARACENIC ARCHITECTURE.

That style of
by the Arabs or Moors, and
comprised within the titles of Moorish,
Moresque, Arabian and Mohammedan, and
practiced from the seventh century throughout portions of Egypt, Africa and the
Southern portions of Europe.
art practiced

SCALE

An

instrument used in mathematical and architectural drawing; being

a proportional division of distances representing feet and inches.
(Sax.)

SCALENE TRIANGLE.

triangle

whose

unequal
detached covered porch at
the entrance of a church yard; a covered

sides are

all

SCALLAGE.
gate.

SCAMILLI IMPARES.

Small plinths below

the bases of the Ionic and Corinthian col-

umns.

SCAMILLUS.

An

SCANDUL.E

(Lat.)

this

incorrect term for Scamilli.

In early

Roman

buildings

term was used to designate what are

now known as shingles.

SCANDULARII. Roman mechanics who

pre-

pared the Scandula'.

SCANTLE.

gauge for regulating the length

and width of

SCANTLING

slate.

(Fr.)

term used to denote a

piece of timber of small width and breadth

but of any length, as a 2x2. 2x4. 2x6 or 2x8.
The term is also used to designate the size
of a stone.
SCAPE )(Gr.) The shaft of a column. The
SCAPUS ] quarter-round which connects the
shaft with the base or capital.

SCAPLING \ Same as 8cal3blinSSCARCEMENT. A plain square

(

set-off in a

wall.

SCARFING The method of framing and joinSCARF

ing together two pieces of
)

SARCOPHAGUS

(Gr.)
A tomb, a receptacle
for the dead cut from one stone. The practice originated with the Egyptians.
t

SARK1NG.

Thin boards used

floors, roofs, etc.

as linings for

timber.

SCENOGRAPHY.

In geometry, the representation of a solid in perspective.

SCHEME ARCH. An
segment of a

circle.

arch whose outline

is

SCH

SCHENE

The drawing

(Gr.)

of a design or geometrical

or representation
figure.

building.

The science of projectiug shadows in perspective

(Gr.)

drawing.

SCIMA.

(Same as Sima.)
(Same as Escoinson.)
SCOLLOPED MOULDINGS. A moulding generally used in Norman work.
SCONCHEON (Fr.) That portion of an opening, called the jamb, from the back of the

SCOINSON.

reveal to the inside of the wall.

A hollow moulding generally employed in the base of a column between the
fillets of the tori.

SCOTIA.

SCOUCHON. (Same as Scutcheon

SCRATCH-WORK. The first or rough

coat of

plastering in three-coat work.

form perfect

surfaces.

(Lat.)
A light frame of wood or
metal used for several purposes. The orna
mental details of screens present opportunities for the exercise of genius and design
SCREW (Dutch). One of the six mechanical
powers.
SCRIBING. The act of fitting closely one por-

SCREEN

tion of joiners'

SCROLL.

work

spiral or

to another.

architectural decoration.

SCULLERY. A

kitchen or wash-room.
SCULPTURE (Fr.) The art of carving or imitating nature, particularly in marble or stone

SCUTCHEON

(Same

as Escutchion

SECANT

wood

or metal

In trigonometry, a term used

to designate a line that cuts another.

SECOS

(Lat.)

(Same as Adytum.)
SECRET ARIUM. (Same as Sacristy.)
(Gr.)

SECTION.

term used to designate the separation ot any part or portion of a design

vertical plane.

by a

SECTOR OF A CIRCLE.
tained between the

The space con

two

radii

(Lat.)

SEELING.

SEGMENT

(Same
(Lat.)

a portion cut

part of the arc of a circle;

off.
)

partakes of the form of a segment.

SELL.

(Same as Cellar.)
(Same as Sill.)

SEMICIRCLE.

One

half of a circle contained

SEMICIRCULAR ARCHES.
equal to half a

Arches whose

circle.

A railing.
SEPTIZON
A celebrated Roman mausoSEPTIZONIUM f leum. erected to the memSEPT.

ory of Septimius Severus.

Winding;

name

the

of

of a wall,

pier or buttress.

A term used

SETTING.

to denote the harden-

ing of cement or mortar.

stone on a wall.

The

The placing of
coat

last

of

brown

mortar.

Two-coat work of

plastering.

SEVERANS A cornice or string course.

SEVERY )A compartment or section of a
SEVEREY
scaffolding; a room or compart
)

ment of a building; the bay or division of a

vaulted ceiling.
SEWER
A conduit or drain; a system of
SEWERAGE f drainage.
}

SEXAGESIMAL. A

term used in the division

of the circumference of a circle into sixty

SEXAGON.

SEXTRY
SHAFT.

(Same as Hexagon.)
(Same as Sacristy.)
The body of a column from base

to

capital.

SHAFTED IMPOST.

(Same

Banded

as

Col-

SHAFT OF A CHIMNEY. The

taining the

portion con-

flue.

SHAFT OF A KING-POST.

That portion

between the joggles.

SHAKE. A defect or split in timber

SHAMBLE. (Same as Abattoir.)

SHAMDOOR. A

false

door or the representa-

tion of a door.

SHANK

The space contained between

(Sax.)

two channels of
iax.)

I
S

the Doric triglyph.

Generally a ledge or projection

Axed to or against a wall for

purposes of support,

(Same

as Shingle.)

Loose stone or pebbles.

pine, cedar, redwood or
other wood used to cover roofs. The standard shingle is 4x16 inches, about
i of an
inch thick at the butt, tapering to a feather
(Ger.)

Thin pieces of

edge.

SHOE.

The lower elbow of a rain-water conA cast or wrought iron socket

work to receive the thrust of

ductor.

ence.
is

stone.

SESSPOOL. (Same as Cesspool.)

SET-OFF. The break in the face

used

between the diameter and the circumfer-

outline

SERPENTINE.

SHINGLE

as Ceiling.)

SEGMENTAL ARCH
An arch or window
SEGMENTAL WINDOW f whose outline
SELER.

SHIDES.

church.

(Persian.)
hall or large apartment.
palace; an apartment set apart
for females.

SHLLVES

Seats in the sanctuary of a

)
j"

SERAGLIO

and the arc

terminating them.

SEDILIA
SEDILE

grave, a tomb, an architectof the dead.

memory

umn.)

The act of attaching

to the surface of a wall.

ural design in

parts.

curved ornament used in

SEALING.

the dead.

SEPULCHRE. A

SET- WORK.

term given to a method of plas-

tering so as to

commemorate

SETTING-COAT.

.)

SCREED.

SCHOFEET. (Same as Soffit,)

SCHOOLHOUSE. An educational

SCIAGRAPHY
SCIOGRAPHY

SHR
SEPULCHRAL
Relating to arSEPULCHRAL CHAPEL
chitectural
SEPULCHRAL COLUMN
creations
f
SEPULCHRAL MONUMENT J raised to

in truss

the foot of the principal rafters.

SHORE OR SHOAR. A

post, prop or support

used to carry a weight while work is in

progress.

SHOULDERING PIECES Thin strips of wood

SHOULDERING
or cement lad
f
)

under the upper edge of

them

slate,

to

so raise

as to close the laps.

SHREAD HEAD

(Same

as Jerkin

Head)

SILL.

SQU
SHREADINGS. (Same as Furrings.)
SHRINE (Sax.) An altar; abox; a cabinet

SORTANT ANGLE. A
;

tomb.

SOUDLETS. The

salient angle.

cross-bars of a sash.

SOUND-BOARD
A board or canopy back
SOUNDING-BOARD
of a pulpit or rostrum
)

SHRINKAGE.

The contraction

of timber or
wood that takes place during the process of
seasoning.

SHROUDS. (Same as Crypt.)

SHUTTERS. A light framework

of

(Same as Purlins.)

The lower portion of a door or window

opening. The lower frame or timbers of a

SILL.

building; a lower part.

ISa INVERSA.

SOUND-BOARDING.
tween

wood

or
metal, used to close or partially close the
opening of a window.
SIDE-POST. Used in roofs as Queen-posts.

SIDE TIMBERS.

used to reverberate the sound of the voice.

See C!ma Inversa

SOUSE.

Boards

SOWDELS.

triangular space or panel between the outer curve or extrados of an arch

(Same as Cone

Bracketing.)

A line drawn from one end of an arch

perpendicular upon the diameter.
SINGLE HUNG. A term used to denote the

SPAR PIECE. (Same as Collar Beam.)

SPARS. Common rafters.

SINE.

hanging of one sasli only.

A plumbing fixture used for culinary

SINK.

purposes.

A block or stone table at the

eave of a gable to receive the coping.

SKEW-TABLE.

SKIRTINGS. The base-board of a room.

SKIRTS OF A ROOF. The protection of

SKREEN. (Same as Screen.)

SKYLIGHT. A light frame of wood or iron

A term applied to a level

A thin piece of timber

piece of mar
or plank.
A

Thin layers of argillaceous stone

used in roofing.

SLATING. The art

SLEEPERS. Floor

of laying slates on a roof.

joist laid flat-wise or rest-

soil.

A door hung to slide instead

of being hinged to open or swing.
SLIT DEAL. Aboard. A thin piece of lumber.
SLIDING DOOR.

A term used to

UP.

denote the

fill-

ZOCLE

than projection.
f
square outline.

moulding with a

The under side of

tectural structure.

The lower

(Ital.)

window or beam.
the corona of a cornice.
arch,

SOLDER.
SOLE,

ceiling.

surface of a vault,
side of

building used in the

(Gr.)
geometrical body whose surface is at every point equally distant from
the center point.

SPHERICAL BRACKETING. The

shaping or
bracketing out of a spherical surface, as a

dome.

attic

termination of a church tower; a pyramidal

octagon or square tower diminished to a
point.

SPITAL.

SPLAYED
SPLAY

of stone

key or ring stones of an arch.

A hospital.
(Same

The

as spandrel.
slanting or beveling of the
jambs of a window or

sides or

door opening.

SPRING-BEVEL OF A RAIL.
the angle

made

at the

In stair-building

top end of the rail

which terminates the concave

SPRINGED
SPRING

side.

Roofing boards laid with bevel

joints.

The

act of beveling

piece of joiners work.

SPRINGING COURSE. The top course of

when used

stone

forming the springer.

(Same meaning as Bracket.)

SPUR.

(Lat.)
A geometrical figure of four
equal sides and angles. A carpenter's tool.
SQUARE SHOOT. A water conductor.

SQUARE.

Sill.)

The beds

the

of an arch.

as Principal Rafters.)

(Same as

Much

same as spherical bracketing.

SPIRA. The base of a classic column.
SPIRAL. A curve radiating from a center
around a fixed point.
SPIRE. (Gr.) An astragal; a torus; the pointed

SPRINGER The top of an impost. The starting

term sometimes given to an

chamber.
Metallic fusible cement.

SOMMERING.
as

any archi-

The under

SOLAR
A
SOLLERJ
)

(Same as Anterides.)

SPLANDRAL.

ing of interstices of masonry.

SMOKE-STACK. An isolated chimney or shaft.

SNACKET. A clasp. A door fastening.
SOCLE) (It.) A square member of less height

(Same

or

of ball.

SPHEROIDAL BRACKETING.

hearth.

SOILS.

plans

of

ancient aqueducts.

SPH^RISTERIUM. A
SPHERE.

for
the purpose of holding glass. The term is
generally applied to a roof window.

architect's descriptive

any body,
solid or material, as compared with the same
magnitude of rain water, a cubic foot of
which weighs 1000 ounces.
SPECUS. (Lat.) The canal or water conduit of

game

SLUSHED

An

explanatory of his

instruction,

SPERONI.
the

eaves.

SOFFITA
SOFFIT
SOFFITE

SPECIFICATIONS.

SPECIFIC GRAVITY. The weight

that cuts
into a wall beyond the perpendicular line of
the opening.

ing on the

a gable

or truss roof.

drawings.

SKEW-ARCH. An oblique arch.

SKEW-BACK. That part of an arch

SLATES.

SPANDREL. A

SPAN PIECE. (Same as Collar Beam.

SPAN ROOF. A term used to denote

ble.

distance
a

across the opening of an arch, roof, etc.

distance.

SIMA RECTA. (See Cima Recta.)

SIMA REVERSA. (See Cima Inversa.)

SLAB.

be-

(See Soudlets.)

SPALLS. Broken Stone. Stone chips.

SPAN. A term used to denote the

SPANDREL BRACKETING.
>

down

let

deafening mortar.
support; a prop; a post.

joist to receive

SQU

STR

A wooden

SQUARE STAFF.

bead or corner

piece secured to the angle of stud partitions

to finish the plastering against. (See Angle

Bead.)

SQUARING HAND
An

old term for Scullery.

arch, or angle arch, so built

)
form an octagon across a
J
square corner.
SQUINT. An oblique or beveled opening looking from one room to another.

An

STADIUM.

(Gr.)

out-building used for accomodation of horses and cattle.

STACK. A name given to an isolated chimney.

An open

space in an ancient

a Grecian
equal to 125 paces.

measure of distance

gymnasium;

STAFF BEAD.

division or portion
of a style of architecture.
f
as Pedestal.)

(Same

(Same

as Square Staff or

which

STERLING.

(Same as

STEROGRAPHY.

Angle

all solid

STILE
STILES

In geometry, that branch

treats of cutting solids.

bodies.

The upright

piece or side piece

of a frame, as a door.

(Sax.)

Starling.)

(Gr.)
In geometry, that
treats of the construction of

branch which

SQUINOH A small
as to
SCONCE

STABLE.

The lowest

STEREOMETRY.
RAILS.

In stair-building,
the method of shaping the rail so that all
the vertical sections will be right angles.

SQUILLERIE.

STEREOBATA
STEREOBATE

STILTED ARCH.

An arch that has the top of

the capital or impost mouldings below t he
level of the spring line, or the radius of the
curve.

STILTS.

(Same as
(Same

Starling.)

as Portico.) A porch.
STOCK BOARDS. An American term for boards

STOA.

(Gr.)

of a standard width, or the same width.

Bead.

STOCK BRICK. A term meaning pressed,

An elevated floor; a platform. The

space allotted to the actors in a theatre.

STONE.

STAGE.

STAINED GLASS.

The

art of coloring glass

form designs and geometrical

so as to
terns.

pat-

A name given to that portion of

building connected with the stairway.
Relating.to the head room of
a stairway.
STAIRS. (Sax.) A collection of steps so arranged as to connect one story of a building
with another.
STAIRCASE.
a

STAIR-HEAD.

STAIRWAY.

(Same as Staircase.)

STALK.

The base

(Sax.)

of the volutes of a Cor-

elevated seat in the choir or

chancel of a church; an apartment in a sta-

ble.
(Fr.)

The upright bars

post, a prop, a support.

of a

STANDARD. A base or

window.
support a support for

mass of mineral matter;

a nat-

ural indurated substance.

STONE ARCH. An arch constructed of stone.

STOOL. A term given to the inside sill of a window

frame.

STOOTINOS
STOOTHING \
STOP. A small
/

Same

as

Ba tten.)

moulding used

to stop

doors

against or to enclose sash.

STOP-COCK.

faucet used to shut off a sup-

ply of water.

Pointing up of stone or plaster-

ing work.

STORY
(Lat.) A certain division of a buildSTOREY f
ing.
A vertical section.
STOUP A vessel to contain consecrated water,
STOPE
used in Catholic churches.
STRAIGHT-ARCH. A straight lintel, formed

shelves.

Generally a piece of metal,

shaped, used to secure a has]) or bolt.

STAR-MOULD. A Norman moulding

or star-

The

STATICS.

row of

piles driven around a

pier, used in bridge work.

science

which

treats of bodies

at rest or in equilibrium.

STAVES A hay rack; any construction formed

of several pieces put together barSTAVED
)

shaped.

STAY

STAY-B \R

^ brace;

(Sax.)

a support.

Wrought

iron

combined with

Brick work laid up without mor-

The tower or

spire of a
church; any lofty erec
J
tion of a conical or pointed outline.

(Sax.)

STENCH-TRAP.

In sewerage, the valve or

mechanical invention for the purpose of preventing the rise of sewer gas or effluvium.
STEPS. A term used to designate a certain
height or rise of the foot; any height used to

ascend.

beam gen-

STRAP.

(Dutch.)

and

STRATA. Used

An

iron plate used to connect

them together.

to secure

connection with stone quarrying to designate the beds or layers.

in

STRETCHER.

A brick or stone laid with its

length in the direction of the length of the
wall.

A scries or several
stretchers laid on a wall; a course of stretch-

STRETCHING-COURSE.
STRI/E.

(Lat.) Fillets;

narrow

flat

bands.

STRIATED. (Same as Chamfer or Channel.)

STRIGES The channels of a fluted column.
STRIKING A term used to denote the act of
marking off or the drawing of
STICKING
)

tar.

STEEPLE)
STEPULL

horizontal

erally used in trusses to counteract a force

or strain in the direction of its length.

ers.

carbon.

STEENING.

STRAINING-PIECE.

timbers,

shaped decoration.

STABLINGS
STERLINGS

of voussoirs, on the principles of an arch.

STAPLE.

STEEL.

STANCHION.

rel

(Sax.)

An

(Sax.)

or of

quality,

STOPPING.

inthian capital.

STALL.

good

)'

lines.

STRING
STRING-COURSE

A projecting horizontal
(
band or assemblage of
mouldings. (See Carriage of a Stair.) (See
Notch Board.)
)

STRING-FACE [The board or piece around

STRING-PIECE \ the well-hole of a stair.
STRIX.

channel of a fluted column.

TEN

STR

STRUCK
STRUCK JOINT

term used to denote the

act of smoothing off the
f
joints of brick or stone work, or pointing

them

ing Beam.

STRUTTING PIECE. (Same as Straining Beam.)

STUB-MORTICE. A short mortice.
STUCCO (Ital.) Calcareous cements; plaster;
ground gypsum.

(Lat.) In Catholic churches

a small architectural edifice placed on
the altar.

moulding cut
stuck on the edge of a piece of wood.

STUDS

(Sax.) (Same as Quarters.)

used to frame partitions.

or

Scantlings

(Dutch.) A term used to designate in

general terms the wood or timber used by
joiners.

STUMP TRACERY. A
German Gothic

STYLE

STILE

sort of contracted style

traceiy.

TABLET

(Same

or substructure.

The upper mouldings

of a cornice

or lower plinth placed

under the base of a pedestal.

SUDATIO

SUDATORIUM

(Same

as

as Caldarium.) (Same
Coneamerate Sudatio^

SUMMER (Ital.) A lintel; a beam; a girder.

SUMMER BEAM. (Same as Summer. (Same

TABULATUM

Bressummer.)

SUMMER-HOUSE. An

arbor; a light architect-

ural construction.

SUMMER-TREE.

TACKS.
TAENIA

TENIA

as

Dorman

Tree.)

SUPER-ALTER.

shelf or second altar over

altar in a cathedral.

SUPERCILIUM

(Lat.)

A lintel.

(Same

as Ante-

pagmenta.)
(Lat.)

The upper por

tion of a building; that part above the foundation.

SUPPORTERS.
or braces; any
another.
j
)

An

term used to denote posts

that is used to support

body

SURMOUNTED ARCH.

depressed arch.

(Same as

Stilted Arch.

SWALLOW-TAIL. (Same as Dove-tail.)

SWELLED COLUMNS. A term used to

(Gr.

The small square or

be-

fillet

tween the Doric frieze and archi-

term synonymous with Housing.

A stone

TAILING.

or brick projecting from a

wall.

TAIL-JOIST. Joist framed between

trinHner and the wall

tail-

A beam

TAIL-TRIMMER.

or double joist
framed across openings or in front of a
chimney to carry tail-joist.

TAILLOIR

(Fr.)

TALON

(Fr.)

TALUT

Same

A French term for Abacus.

French term for Ogee.
as Batter

TAMBOUR

(Fr.)
Same as
(See Bell.)

the bell of a cap-

TANGENT (Lat.) A

straight line
a curved line or circle.

TANK.

drawn from

water receptacle; a cistern;

a reser-

voir.

TARRAS MORTAR A hydraulic cement

great strength.
TERRAS MORTAR
)

of

TASSEL

kPCFT

Timto

-->

tosIIlJ
TAVERN.
TAXIS

(Gr.

V lece f timber for receiving the

en( l f a beam or joist.
(See Bond

(See Hotel.)
)

(Same as Order.
tenon framed on the top

TEAZE TENON. A

SYMBOLICAL COLUMNS.
commemorate great

TECTORIUM OPUS

An

(Lat.)

ancient species

of plastering.

TELAMONES (Gr.) (Same as Atlantes.)

TEMENOS (Gr.) (Same as Temple.)
TEMPLA (Lat.) A term used in ancient Roman
buildings to designate the purlins of a roof.

desig-

nate the practice of the ancients in the diminution of their columns.

Columns erected to

events, designed with

symbolical emblems.

SYPPER JOINT. A

Roman

of a post.

assemblage of mouldings capping the dado of a room.

SURBASED ARCH. A

SYSTYLE.

in a

used to denote

trave.

t<

SUPERSTRUCTURE.

SUB-BASE

term

Small, sharp-pointed nails.

ital.

(Same

SUNK COAK. A mortise.

SUNK SHELVES. Sunk shelves with grooves.
SUNLIGHT. A transom light; a skylight.

SURBASE

(Lat.)

various portions of a building, as floors,

wainscoting, ceilings, projections, etc.

main

apartment

house.

TAIL.

to a pedestal.

the

as Coping.)

TABLINUM (Lat.) An

TAIL BAY. (See Case Bays.)

TAIL IN. (See Tailing.)

(Same

SUB-PLINTH. A second

as

Water Table.)

(See

(Lat.)
geometrical or architectural
design, generally placed on a wall, carved
with some symbol or inscription.

varieties of architecture.

as Pedestal.) The lower

portion of an order of architecture; a base-

ment

perspective drawing

in

(See Corbel Table.)

term used to designate the several

STYLOBATE.
SUB-BASE.

term used

to denote the plan of the picture.

STUFF

of

TABLE.

TABLE, CORBEL.
TABLE, WATER.

TABLING.

STUCK MOULDINGS. A

Cellar.)

TABERNACLE

up.

STRUTS (Same as i Brace; a post; a support.)

STRUT \
STRUTTING BEAM. (Same meaning as Strain-

(Same as

TABERN.

lap-joint.

Aclassicbuildingwhere thecolumns
are placed quite close together, more so than

TEMPLATE.

TEMPLE

(Same as Templet.)

(Lat.)
term used in ancient classic
architecture to denote a religious edifice:
a house of worship.

TEMPLET. A Bond Timber

ter:',

used by builders

in

a form or patlaying out their

;

work.

TENIA.

The small
the Doric order.

band or

fillet at

(See Taenia.)

the top of

TO 1KB

TRACERY.

TEN
TENON

TRE

TIGE. A French term for the shaft of a

umn.
TIGNA. (Same as Tie-Beam), an old term.

framing or square projection

cut on the end of a piece of timber for in(Fr.)

sertion into the mortise.

A term used to denote the strain of

a timber or any material in the direction of

TENSION.
its

An iron rod used in counteracting a strain or tension.

(Lat.) An apartment in a Roman
bath.

TEPID ARIUM

TERAM. The

scroll or swelling sometimes

given to the end of a step.
TERCENTO. A name given to that style of
architecture prevailing in Italy during the

14th century.
)

P ec esta^ a snort column a

TERMINAL I ^ base
TERMINUS
TERRA COTTA (It.) Burned or baked clay
^

>

or earth.

TERRACE. A

raised portion; an
a balcony or gallery.

embankment;

TILING.

TILTING FILLET. A

small thin strip laid

to form a

under the edge of slating so as

close joint.

TIMBER

(Sax.)
building.

name given

A metal; equivalent,

TIN.

to

wood used in

symbol, Sn; specific gravity, 7.29; fusing point, 442 : Fahr.

TOMB (Gr.)
sepulcher; a grave; a place of
59;

TESSELLATED. (See Mosaic.)

TESSERA (Gr.) An ancient term

for a cube or

die.

TESTEDO

(Lat.)

vaulted roof; an arched

^ at cano P v over a pulpit.

TETRADORON
palms

An

(Gr.)
in length.

TETRAGON

(Gr.)

geometrical figure of 4

TETRAHEDRON. A
under

regular solid comprefour equal equilateral

triangles.

TETRASTYCHE. A

gallery of four

rows of

columns.

TETRASTYLE.

building or portico with

four oolumns in front or four pilasters on
the side.

THATCH. A

rude method of covering roofs

with straw or reeds.

THEATER (Gr.) A

building devoted to the

representation of the drama.

An

act of interlocking or tieing

masonry together, or joining one portion to

another by alternate projections.
TOP BEAM. (Same as Collar Beam;) an uppermost beam.
TOP RAIL. The uppermost crosspiece of a
door or any panel work.
L
TasseL

TORUS
TORE

(Lat.)

exertecLon any material in

Much

Astragal.

TOWER

same meaning

the

as

half-round moulding.

(Sax.)
high or lofty edifice, generally a part of a large building.

TOWN

HALL. The

official

building of a town;

a public edifice.

TRABEATION. (Same as Entablature.)

TRABS (Lat.) A wall plate or bond timber.'
TRACERY. In Gothic- art the small, radiating
and curvilinear branches or subdivisions of
windows, panels, groins, etc.
(Lat.) (Same as Collarino.) The
neck of a column.
TRACK OF A DOOR. That portion of a door
frame upon which a sliding-door runs.

TRACHEL1UM

cross part or transverse portion of a cruciform building, generally a

heraldic shield.

THOLOBATE. A cupola.
THOLUS. A term given to a circular building.
THRESHOLD. The sill of a doorway.
THROAT. A term given to that part of a chimney between the grate and the

flue.

THROUGH-STONE. (See Binders.)

THRUST. That force exerted by one

body

against another.
(Sax.)

architecture.

TRANSEPT. The

THERMS. A bath.
THOLE.

Norman

a twisting direction.

ancient brick four

and angles.

hended

cut on the

edge of flooring, or a piece of thin lumber.

of a moulding used in

TOOTH. The name

TORSIL } Same as
TORSION. A strain

vault.

TESTER
TESTOON ( A

TONDINO. A round moulding.

TONGUE. A small fillet or square,

TOOTHING. The

TERRACE ROOF. A flat or deck roof.

TERRAS MORTAR. (See Tarras Mortar.)

TIE

burial.

TFRM

sides

(Sax.) A thin square of burned clay, or

any other material, for covering roofs.
The act of covering a roof with tile.

TILE

length.

TENSION-ROD.

col-

Any

substance or material used in

building to counteract tension.
TIE-BEAM. A beam generally employed in a
roof framing for the purpose of overcoming

church.

TRANSOM. A

frame across a window; a division sometimes used to designate an uppermost light; a light over a door.

TRANSTRA

(Lat.) An ancient term for crosstimbers of a roof framing.

In a cross direction.
narrow passage.

TRANSVERSE.
TRANSYTE. A

TRAP (OF A SEWER). A

mechanical appliance for the prevention of the escape of gas.

geometrical figure whose
sides are not parallel.
TRAPEZOID. A geometrical figure whose

TRAPEZIUM. A

opposite sides are parallel.

strains.

as a tie-beam.

TRAPEZOIDAL WALL. A retaining wall.

TRAVERSE. A gallery or balcony, more es-

A transverse wall in the hollow

spandrel of an arch.

TREAD OF A

TIE-ROD.

An

iron rod used in the

same sense

TIE-WALL.

TIERCE POINT. The

lateral triangle.

top point of an equi-

pecially in a church.
tal

STAIR. The level or horizonportion of a stair; the step of a stair.

as Entablature.)

TREBEATION. (Same

TRE

VAL

TREFOIL. A Gothic
connected

figure consisting of 3 semi-

circles.

TRELLIS
A screen; a lattice work; any
reticulated frame work.
TRELLICE
)

light

wooden

pin,

Heavy

used

TRESSEL
wooden horse; a frame-work of
TRES8UL A wood.
TRESTLE
TRIANGLE (Lat.) A geometrical figure of 3
sides

and

platform or

dais for

speaker.

TRICLINUM
Roman

The

(Lat.)

reception

room

of a

TRIFORIUM

The space

(Lat.)

in a

roof be-

tween the ceiling and the roof proper; a

on the

(Gr.)
projecting block or tablet
frieze of the Doric order.

TRIGONOMETRY.

(Gr.)

The science of measunknown parts

uring and ascertaining the

of a triangle.

TRILATERAL

(Lat.) A geometrical figure having three sides or angles.

TRILITHON. A term used to denote two stones
or piers supporting a lintel.

TRIM

(Sax.)

term used to denote the

The

fitting or joining.

act of

wood-

finishing or

trimming of a building.

TRIMMER. A beam

or joist into

which others

JOIST.

a trimmer

is

ner of a wall.

A beam

or joist into

order used in Italy deDoric, only plainer

Roman

rived from the

and mouldings.

in detail

bevel shoulder

TYMPANUM
TYMPAN

made above

tenon.

The plain triangular space

of a pediment; the die of a
pedestal; the panels of a door.

| (Gr.)

canopy over

a-

sounding

pulpit; a

board.

UNDERCROFT. A

which

vault or crypt.

UNDERPIN. The

act of 'pointing-up a
wall or bringing up a wall to a sill or
frame.

UNDERPITCH GROIN. A

groin formed by
two cylindrical vaults or

the intersection of
arches.

UNGULA. A part of a cone or cylinder.

UNIVERSITY (Lat.) A seat of learning;

an

edifice dedicated to educational purposes.

UPHERS. A term for scaffold poles.

UPRIGHT. An old term signifying the

eleva-

tion or facade of a building."

URILLA.

are framed.

TRIMMING

sap of

small pinnacle at the cor-

gal-

lery.

TRIGLYPH

(Lat.)

TUSCAN ORDER. An

TYPE.

house.

distillation of the

the pine tree used in painting.

TUSK.

3 angles.

(Lat.)

or segmental piece
used for turning a brick arch upon. (See
Centre.)

TURRET

framings.

TRIBUNE

A form

PIECE.

TURPENTINE. The

TRENAIL.

TURNING

URN

(Same

An

(Lat.)

as Caulicole.)

architectural decoration or orto finish a balustrade.

nament generally used

framed.

TRIUMPHAL ARCH. An

architectural structure erected to commemorate a victory.

TROCHILUS

(Gr.)

(Same as

Scotia.)

hollow

or concave moulding.

TROUGH (EAVE).

gutter or water

con-

duit.

TRUNCATED CONE.
part cut

One

that has

its

upper

off.'

TRUNCATED ROOF. A
TRUNK. A term used to

hip roof.
designate the shaft

of a pilaster.
(Fr.) A scientific arrangement or combination of timber so framed as to be selfsupporting.

TRUSS

TRUSS PARTITION. A
rendered

stud partition that is

self-supporting by a system of

roof framing consisting of

several timbers scientifically arranged so as
to be self-supporting.

TRUSSED BEAM
A beam or girder which
TRUSSED GIRDER \
is strengthened by a
)

system of trussing.

TUCK POINTING. A
new

method of filling old or

cement forming

joints of masonry with

a raised joint.

TUDOR FLOWER. A
TUDOR

flat

The base

of a pillar or pedestal

joining of two different sides or inclines of

a roof.

VALLEY BOARD. A

board used

in

forming a

valley.

VALLEY RAFTER.
framed

VANE. A

The

rafters

of

roof

at the valley.

or metal termination to a roof.

LINE ) Terms used in perspec-

finial

VANISHING
VANISHING POINT }
VAPORARIUM. (Same

five drawing.
as Caldarium.
Resin or gums, as mastic, sandacopal, amber, asphaltum, etc., cut in

VARNISH.

alcohol.

VASE

(Lat.) The bell of a classic column; an

ornamental architectural design.
(It.)
An arched roof of masonry; an
underground apartment.

VAULT

VAULT COVER. A

stone

slab

covering a

vault.

VAULT LIGHT. An arrangement of heavy glass

in a vault cover.

flower or leaf char-

Perpendicular

(Lat.)

with a niche for a bust.

VALLEY (Lat.) A term used to denote the

rac,

trussing.

TRUSS ROOF. A

acteristic of the

VAGINA

style.

STYLE. A

general term used to designate the Perpendicular style. (See Perpendicular Period.)

TUFALL ROOF. A shed roof.

TUMBLING IN. (Same as Trim.)
TUNNEL (Fr.) A subterranean passage.

VAULTED

Much the same meanceiling plastered on the

CEILING.

ing as Vault.
form of an arch.

VAULTING SHAFT. A

small column or shaft

projecting from a wall and supporting the
vaulting ribs of a groining.

VALARIUM

(Lat.)

awning used
theatre.

The name
to

cover a

of a great canvas

Roman amphi

YLE

VEL

VELLAR CUPOLA. A

sort of square-shaped
arched ceiling, springing from four walls; a
groined ceiling.

VENEER. A

thin sawing or leaf

woods, used in decorative art.

VENETIAN DOOR. A

from selected

door arranged with

side lights.

certain style of architecture practiced by the Venetians during

the 15th and 16th centuries.

window: a
central window between two narrow ones.
chimney.
or
shaft
of
a
VENT. The flue

VENTI DUCT. A

introduction of fresh

VENTILATION.

triplet

passage or vent duct for the

JOINT.

The

sanitary invention.
joint between stone.

TABLE. Much

the

ticularly designating a

same

as Belt, par-

lower belt near the

WEATHER BOARD. (Same

WEATHER COCK. A vane.
WEATHERING. Any
throw

as Clapboard.)

beveled part or slant to

off rain.

WEATHER MOULDING. Same as drip mould.

WEATHER TILING. The covering of a wall
with

tile.

WEIGHTS OF A

SASH. The weights secured

to sash to facilitate raising.

air.

VENTILATING BRICK. A

CLOSET.

ground.

VENETIAN STYLE. A

VENETIAN WINDOW. A

WATER
WATER
WATER

perforated brick.

scientific

arrangement

to

passage of foul and fresh air.

VERANDAH. A colonnade or gallery open on
one side supported by columns on one side.
VERGE. A term used to denote an edge or
facilitate the

WELCH

GROINS.

vault, one of

The groins

which

is

of a circular

below the other.

WELL
A stair opening; an opening in
a floor.
WELL HOLE
WHEEL WINDOW. (See Catherine Wheel.)
WHITE LEAD. The body or base of lead
/

colors.

eave.

WICKET. A small hole in a door.

VERGE BOARDS. (Same as Barge Boards.)
VERMICULATED WORK (Lat.) A peculiar WIND BEAM. (Same as Collar Beam.)
kind of stone-work

in imitation of

worm-

eaten wood.

VERSED
line of

VERTEX

the spring

an arch to the intrados.

A point or the top of any

(Lat.)

A geometrical figure

of lines
VESTIBULE (Lat.) The first apartment at the
entrance of the house; an entrance; a communicating apartment.

VESTRY

(Lat) An apartment or
sacristy.
to a church.

room attached

bridge; a trestle-work; a struct'

ure spanning a valley or river.

E
yjg
VILLA.
j-

(Fr.)

spiral or

winding stairway.

The audience portion of an

an-

cient amphitheatre.

A method of glazing argil-

laceous earths by burning.

VITRUVIAN SCROLL. A

scroll that is

formed

aisles

BLIND
JAMB

Terms used

of Gothic windows.
addition

in

building

to designate parts of

SHUTTER
STOOL
TRACERY

WINGS. An

through

window.

The ornamental work

projection to a build-

ing.

scale of

numbers or sizes to

(Sax.) The partitions between the

WITHS
WITHES f flues of a chimney.
WOOD. A fibrous growth used in building.
|

WOOD

BRICK. Blocks of wood used in masonry to secure the finished work to.
Enlarged details of
scale drawings for the better use of the

WORKING DRAWINGS.

WREATHED COLUMNS.
used as

the principal feature of the capitol of the

Greek and Roman orders of architecture.

Roman amphitheatre.
VOUSSOIR. The name

WINDOW
WINDOW
WINDOW
WINDOW
WINDOW

builder.

of a series of the same design.

VIVO (Ital.) The shaft of a column.

VOLUTE. A peculiar scroll-like vine
VOMITORIUM. The

(Danish.)
An opening
which light is transmitted.

designate the dimensions of wire.

VITRIFICATION.

circular or semi-circu-

WINDOWS

WIRE GAUGE. A

country or suburban residence; a

large dwelling.

VISORIUM.

triangular steps of a circular

WINDING* STAIRS. A
lar stairway.

ar-

chitectural design.

VESICA-PISCES.

VIADUCT.

WINDERS. The
stairway.

The height from

SINE.

or passages in a

given to the stones

Twisted columns;
one entwined with wreaths.

WREATHED

STRING.

The

circular portion

of a hollow newel stairs.

WROUGHT IRON. Pure iron in natural state.

WYATT WINDOW. A square window divided
into three lights.

forming an arch; a keystone.

WAGGON HEADED A term

WAGGON VAULT f barrel
)

vault.

(See Barrel Vault.

WAINSCOT
WAINSCOTING

WALL (Lat.)

)
J

(Dutch.)

XENODOCHIUM. A
given to a
ceiling

or

.)

panel

wood; a lining

work

The court of

a castle; a

room

in a

mon-

of

WALL

pital.

reception
(See Arnbulatory.

)(Gr.) A long Greek portico, open

or covered.
)

to a wall.

To

enclose or surround; a term

for the enclosing structure of a building.
PLATE. A piece of timber placed on a
wall to receive the ends of joist.

WARD.

aster}'.

XYSTOS
XYSTUS

room in

alios

(Sax.) A measure, either lineal,

square or solid; three, nine or
f
twenty-seven feet; an enclosure; a court or
area; an ancient term for a rafter.
YELLOW PINE. Pinus sylvestris or fir.
YLE. An early English term for aisle

YARD
YERD

zac:

ZOT

A
Z z2oCHO

The base

i( Ital ->

or plinth of a

ZOCOO \ column or pedestal.

ZKTA
) (Gr.) An ancient term for a chamZETICULA J her, sitting, or dining room.
Z1UZA<; MOULDING. A characteristic moulding much used in
buildings.

ZINC

A metal

used

the arches of

in building.

Gorman

ZINC "WHITE.

pigment or paint.

ZOCCO
ZOCCOLO A moulding of a square section.
ZOCLE
ZOPHORIC COI.U.MX. A column supporting
)

the figure of an animal.

ZOPHORU8. Same as Freeze, which see.

ZOTHECA. A r n or alcove connected
larger

apartment

to

A.

W.

H.

llarcus ttunge, Secretary.

Wolff, President.

1).

Bunge, Superintendent.

The Wolff Bros Mfg. Co.

Sash, Doors, Bunds,

frames,

MOULDINGS, STAIRS.
Finish in

Interior

OFFICE, ERIE

Hard and

AND CURTIS

TELEPHONE, W.
Factory, Warerooms, etc., Erie, Curtis, Ohio and Carpenter Sts.

Hardwood
and

We
will

make

have an

from

Wood.

STS.

421.

CH CAGO.
I

G-rilles

IF'n.ZET "WOU-IS..

ENDLESS VARIETY OF DESIGNS

estimates

Soft

Illustrated

Circular

and

from which to select. Or

which will be sent on

Price-List,

application to

CHICAGO GRILLE MFG.

W.

Room

A.

ENNISSON &

CO.,

CO., Props.,

1004, Chicago Opera House Block,

CHICAGO, ILL.

The National
A

Practical Journal

BUILDING TRADES

Devoted to the Interests of the

Each

Builder.

issue contains complete

and original drawings to working

scale, of

plans for Dwellings, Business and Public Buildings, together with details, speci-

and estimate

fications

A
treated by

of cost.

Department is published for each branch of the Trade, and ably

Geo. O. Garnsey, Editor one of the oldest Architects in Chicago.

MONTHLY, $3.00 PER YEAR

Address:

SINGLE

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the

is

World"

111.,

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The National Builders' Album

OF BEAUTIFUL HOMES.
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work containing

One Hundred

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working

Elegantly bound

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This Album and the National Builder

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work of the kind extant. Geo. O. Garnsey, Architect."

the best

John

Joseph Badenoch, Jr.

J.

Badenoch.

BADENOCH BROS.
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL DEALERS

Doors,

The Largest

Mows,

Stairs,

Plant and Best Facilities for

IN

Mouldings. Etc.

SPECIAL ORDER

WORK

IN CHICAGO.
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Work

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ESTIMATES CHEERFULLY FURNISHED ON APPLICATION.

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TELEPHONE

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Plans,

Designs,
Sent to

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Details
all

and Specifications

parts of the world.

Thirtv-five Years'
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185

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For Opera House, Hall or Church Seating,

THOS. KANE
139

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ILL.