ALU 201 Practice Questions

1. The transformation of normal esophageal mucosa to resemble intestinal cells is:

1. hyperplasia
2. Barrett's metaplasia
3. achalasia
4. gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
2. The definitive test to confirm a diagnosis of chronic hepatitis is:
1. ultrasound
2. liver biopsy
3. computed tomography (CT)
4. magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
3. The most common subtype of melanoma is:
1. superficial spreading melanoma
2. nodular maligna
3. acral lentiginous melanoma
4. lentigo maligna
4. The only curative therapy for colorectal cancer is:
1. chemotherapy
2. radiation
3. complete surgical removal
4. monoclonal antibodies
5. The most important prognostic factor for invasive breast cancer mortality is:
1. distant metastasis
2. degree of local control
3. age at diagnosis
4. tumor size

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6. Change in prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels over time is:

1. PSA velocity
2. free PSA
3. PSA density
4. percent free PSA
7. Which of the following intracranial tumors typically has the worst prognosis?
1. pinealoma
2. acoustic neuroma
3. glioblastoma multiforme
4. meningioma
8. The presence of chronic depressive symptoms for two years that is not severe enough to be
diagnosed as a major depressive disorder is:
1. dysthymia
2. phobia
3. cyclothymia
4. paranoia
9. The presence of both an elevated white blood cell count on a CBC and pyuria is most
suggestive of:
1.
2.
3.
4.

kidney stone
polycystic kidney disease
medullary sponge kidney
acute pyelonephritis

10. A common cause of hypothyroidism is:

1. thyroid storm
2. myxedema coma
3. Grave's disease
4. Hashimoto's thyroiditis
11. The most common cause of death associated with rheumatoid arthritis is:
1. renal disease
2. suicide
3. infection
4. cardiovascular disease

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12. Narrowing of the aortic valve causing left ventricular outflow obstruction is:
1. aortic arch syndrome
2. aortic regurgitation
3. aortic stenosis
4. aortic aneurysm
13.The preferred test to evaluate the severity of valvular heart disease is:
1. computed tomography (CT)
2. echocardiogram
3. magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
4. cardiac catheterization
14. The hormone that regulates red blood cell production is:
1. epinephrine
2. aldosterone
3. erythropoietin
4. prolactin
15. Irreversible myocardial cell injury and death is:
1. infarction
2. ischemia
3. arrhythmia
4. stenosis
16. The smallest blood vessels in the vascular system are:
1. venules
2. arterioles
3. lymphatics
4. capillaries
17. The earliest lesion of atherosclerosis is a:
1. fatty dot
2. fatty streak
3. chondroma
4. fibroatheroma

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18. Which opioid is typically used to wean individuals off of heroin?

1. oxycodone
2. methadone
3. morphine
4. hydrocodone
19. The formation of blood cells is:
1. hematemesis
2. hematochezia
3. hematopoiesis
4. hemangioma
20. A diagnosis of Crohn's disease increases an individual's risk for all of the following EXCEPT:
1. pericarditis
2. cancer
3. stricture
4. bleeding
21. All of the following are functions of the liver EXCEPT:
1. metabolism
2. detoxification
3. digestion
4. insulin production
22. All of the following statements regarding malignant melanoma are correct EXCEPT:
1. It may recur fifteen or more years after initial diagnosis.
2. Ulceration increases the stage to the next depth category.
3. Thin lesions are associated with increased mortality risk
4. Most deaths occur within the first five years after diagnosis.
23. All of the following statements regarding testicular cancer are correct EXCEPT:
1. Early stage tumors are commonly treated with orchiectomy.
2. It is most common at older ages.
3. Nonseminomatous tumors tend to be more aggressive.
4. The cure rate for seminoma is very high.

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24. All of the following are major known causes of epilepsy EXCEPT:
1. migraine headache
2. stroke
3. arteriovenous malformation (AVM)
4. brain tumor
25. Depression can be treated by all of the following EXCEPT:
1. psychotherapy
2. electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
3. calcium channel blockers
4. selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
26. All of the following statements regarding polycystic kidney disease are correct EXCEPT:
1. Multiple cysts are present in each kidney.
2. End-stage renal disease seldom develops.
3. Hypertension is often present.
4. Cysts can also occur in the liver.
27. All of the following characteristics of thyroid nodules are suspicious for malignancy
EXCEPT:
1. "hot" appearance on radioiodine scan
2. single
3. hypo-functioning
4. solid
28. All of the following are treatment options for osteoarthritis EXCEPT:
1. physiotherapy
2. acetaminophen
3. anticoagulants
4. opioids
29. All of the following are characteristics of an innocent heart murmur EXCEPT:
1. location is left sternal border
2. grade IV in an adult
3. absent when sitting
4. no audible clicks

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30. Megoblastic anemias are caused by a deficiency in any of the following EXCEPT:
1. vitamin B12
2. hemopoietic tissue
3. folic acid
4. intrinsic factor
31. Possible explanations for false positive exercise EKGs include all of the following EXCEPT:
1. ventricular hypertrophy
2. mitral valve prolapse
3. Coumadin therapy
4. right bundle branch block
32. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are typically used to treat all of the following
EXCEPT:
1. fever
2. dyspepsia
3. inflammation
4. pain
33. All of the following can increase levels of prostate specific antigen (PSA) EXCEPT:
1. benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
2. inflammation
3. infection
4. finasteride medication
34. All of the following statements regarding chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are
correct EXCEPT:
1. Diminished breath sounds are commonly found upon examination.
2. Chest x-rays provide an accurate assessment of early stage disease.
3. Cigarette smoking is a frequent cause.
4. Progression can be assessed by reviewing serial pulmonary function tests.
35. All of the following are functions performed by the kidneys EXCEPT:
1. homeostatis maintenance
2. glucagon production
3. creatinine filtration
4. erythropoietin production

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36. Complications of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) include which of the following?
A. Barrett's esophagus
B. Gardner's syndrome
C. Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
Answer Options: 1. A only is correct.
2. C only is correct.
3. A and B only are correct.
4. B and C only are correct.
37. Which of the following are causes of cirrhosis?
A. alcohol
B. hemochromatosis
C. nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)
Answer Options: 1. A and B only are correct.
2. A and C only are correct.
3. B and C only are correct.
4. A, B and C are correct.
38. Which of the following statements regarding TNM system for staging colorectal cancer is/are
correct?
A. T indicates the extent of the local tumor.
B. N1 indicates lymph nodes are negative.
C. M1 indicates the presence of distant metastasis.
Answer Options: 1. A only is correct.
2. B only is correct.
3. A and C only are correct.
4. B and C only are correct.
39. Effective palliative treatment for metastatic prostate cancer includes which of the following?
A. cryotherapy
B. radioactive seed implantation
C. hormonal therapy
Answer options: 1. A only is correct.
2. C only is correct.
3. A and B only are correct.
4. A, B, and C are correct.

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40. Which of the following statements regarding women who have had gestational diabetes
is/are correct?
A. They have an increased risk of developing overt diabetes.
B. They have an increased risk of miscarriage.
C. Their children are not at an increased risk of developing diabetes.
Answer Options: 1. A only is correct.
2. A and B only are correct.
3. B and C only are correct.
4. A, B, and C are correct.
41. Which of the following statements regarding grand mal seizures is/are correct?
A. They always commence in childhood.
B. Individuals can experience an aura of an impending seizure.
C. They are followed by a period of drowsiness.
Answer Options: 1. A only is correct.
2. C only is correct.
3. A and B only are correct.
4. B and C only are correct.
42. Which of the following are considered anxiety disorders?
A. panic disorder
B. obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)
C. body dysmorphic disorder
Answer Options: 1. A and B only are correct.
2. A and C only are correct.
3. B and C only are correct.
4. A, B, and C are correct.
43. Conditions that can cause neurogenic bladder include which of the following?
A. multiple sclerosis
B. spinal injury
C. cirrhosis
Answer options: 1. A only is correct.
2. C only is correct.
3. A and B only are correct.
4. A, B, and C are correct.

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44. Which of the following statements regarding Type I diabetes mellitus is/are correct?
A. It is caused by destruction of the pancreatic beta cells.
B. It is characterized by insulin resistance.
C. It is usually diagnosed before age 21.
Answer Options: 1. A only is correct.
2. A and C only are correct.
3. B and C only are correct.
4. A, B, and C are correct.
45. Which of the following statements regarding polymyalgia rheumatica is/are correct?
A. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) is frequently elevated.
B. It frequently occurs in individuals younger than age 40.
C. It improves dramatically with corticosteroids.
Answer options: 1. A only is correct.
2. A and C only are correct.
3. B and C only are correct.
4. A, B, and C are correct.
46. Which of the following statements regarding hypercoagulable states are correct?
A. They are usually treated with oral steroids.
B. The risk of blood clot formation is increased.
C. The incidence of cerebrovascular accident (CVA) is increased.
Answer Options: 1. A and B only are correct.
2. A and C only are correct.
3. B and C only are correct.
4. A, B, and C are correct.
47. Which of the following statements regarding myocardial ischemia is/are correct?
A. It occurs when the oxygen supply cannot meet oxygen demand.
B. Many ischemic episodes are due to increased oxygen supply.
C. Oxygen supply is determined by the amount delivered by coronary blood flow.
Answer Options: 1. A only is correct.
2. B only is correct.
3. A and C only are correct.
4. B and C only are correct.

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48. Which of the following statements regarding abdominal aortic aneurysms is/are correct?
A. They usually present before age 50.
B. Risk of rupture is related to their size.
C. Surgical repair may be indicated if enlarging rapidly.
Answer Options: 1. B only is correct.
2. A and C only are correct.
3. B and C only are correct.
4. A, B, and C are correct.
49. Which of the following classes of drugs are used to treat cardiac arrhythmias?
A. proton pump inhibitors
B. potassium channel blockers
C. sodium channel blockers
Answer Options: 1. A and B only are correct.
2. A and C only are correct.
3. B and C only are correct.
4. A, B, and C are correct.
50. In coronary artery disease (CAD) prognostic factors include which of the following?
A. extent of coronary obstruction
B. left ventricular function
C. the presence of ischemia
Answer Options: 1. A only is correct.
2. B only is correct.
3. A and C only are correct.
4. A, B, and C are correct.
51. Inflammation of veins in the leg is:
1. aneurysm
2. phlebitis
3. arteriosclerosis
4. hemorrhoid

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52. A degenerative disease in which the alveoli lose their elasticity and cannot recoil is?
1. pneumothorax
2. emphysema
3. asthma
4. hyaline membrane disease
53. Blood cells are produced in all of the following EXCEPT:
1. lymphatic tissue
2. bone marrow
3. hemopoietic tissue
4. renal cortex
54. All of the following statements regarding cardiovascular accidents (CVAs) are correct
EXCEPT:
1. They result in lack of oxygen to part of the brain.
2. Vessel damage can be caused by an aneurysm.
3. Clot-dissolving drugs can be used for thrombotic CVAs.
4. Most CVAs are of the hemorrhagic type.
55. Which of the following statements regarding the effects of aging on the integumentary
system is/are correct?
A. Sweat glands become more active.
B. Skin layers become more fragile.
C. Collagen fibers deteriorate.
Answer Options: 1. A only is correct.
2. B only is correct.
3. A and C only are correct.
4. B and C only are correct.
56. Which of the following receptors are located in the ear?
A. hearing
B. olfactory
C. equilibrium
Answer Options: 1. A and B only are correct.
2. A and C only are correct.
3. B and C only are correct.
4. A, B, and C are correct.

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57. Which of the following statements regarding the respiratory system is/are correct?
A. Chronic asthma is a predisposing factor for emphysema.
B. Pneumothorax is the accumulation of fluid in the alveoli.
C. In progressive emphysema, damaged lung tissue is replaced by scar tissue.
Answer Options: 1. A only is correct.
2. B only is correct.
3. A and C only are correct.
4. B and C only are correct.

Use the following information to answer questions 58 and 59.

A 55-year-old male had an elevated ALT and increased iron levels on blood testing. His
symptoms included lethargy and joint pain. His physician detected hepatomegaly on
examination. A family history questionnaire noted that his father died of diabetes and his brother
died of liver cirrhosis. A diagnosis of probable hemochromatosis was made.
58. Given the clinical features, which of the following tests could help determine the diagnosis?
A. serum ferritin
B. specific genetic testing
C. liver biopsy
Answer options: 1. B only is correct.
2. C only is correct.
3. A and B only are correct.
4. A, B, and C are correct.
59. The most probable treatment will be:
1. phlebotomy
2. bone marrow transplant
3. blood transfusion
4. liver transplant

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Use the following information to answer question 60.

An 18-year-old female with a family history of melanoma, consults her doctor regarding a slowgrowing, irregularly shaped lesion on her neck. The diagnosis is a TisN0M0 superficial
spreading malignant melanoma.
60. In this case, which of the following would be considered unfavorable prognostic factors?
A. lesion location
B. her age
C. tumor depth
Answer options: 1. B only is correct.
2. C only is correct.
3. A and B only are correct.
4. A, B, and C are correct.

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