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DNA
RNA
Protein
Garrods Hypothesis
In 1902,
published a study linking genes
and proteins.
- studied the disease alkaptonuria
and hypothesized that a defective
enzyme caused an inborn error of
metabolism along a reaction
pathway
In 1941
They used the bread mold Neurospora crassa to
investigate whether one gene controlled the
production of one enzyme or multiple enzymes.
Normal, wild-type N. crassa can grow on
minimal medium.
Section 6.1
One-Gene/One-Polypeptide
Hypothesis
Beadle and Tatum concluded that one gene codes
for one enzyme. This relationship was updated to
the one-gene/one-polypeptide hypothesis, since
not all proteins are enzymes.
Vernon Ingram
by using Beadle and Tatums work, he showed
that sickle cell anemia results from alteration
of a single gene . Many hereditary diseases
have been traced to this type of alteration in
just one gene.
Section 6.1
Section 6.1
Section 6.1
Section 6.1
Section 6.1
redundant: more than one codon can code for the same amino acid
universal: almost all organisms build proteins with the same genetic code. For
example, a codon in a fruit fly codes for the same amino acid as
in a human.
Section 6.1
Gene Expression
Gene expression refers to the transfer of
genetic information from DNA to RNA to
protein. This theory is called the central
dogma of genetics.
Section 6.1
Gene Expression
The two steps in gene expression are transcription
and translation.