Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
2016
American Journal of Engineering Research (AJER)
e-ISSN: 2320-0847 p-ISSN : 2320-0936
Volume-5, Issue-6, pp-100-107
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Research Paper
Open Access
Dept. Of Electronics And Telecommunication, Pune Vidhyarthi Grihas College Of Engineering And
Technology, Pune, India)
4
(Modern College Of Engineering, S.P. Pune University, Pune, India)
ABSTRACT: A portable, battery operated communication system was developed with receiver and transmitter
section. The system consists of necessary features to track the location and monitor health of a person and
wirelessly transmit real time data at the base station. This paper presents a detailed design of biomedical
sensors with the necessary signal conditioning circuit. Temperature sensor LM35 and heartbeat sensor
TCRT1000 was used in this system. System uses Lithium Polymer battery of 2200 mAh. Battery monitoring
circuit was designed to safeguard the battery and avoid abrupt shutdown of the system. This circuit also
includes low voltage disconnect (LVD) which gives an additional feature of hysteresis to avoid false triggering.
The designed system is useful for military applications. This system also identifies whether the person was
accidently or forcefully disconnected from communication with the base station.
Keywords: Hysteresis, Multi-switching, Optocoupler, Oscillations, Photoplethysmography (PPG),
Phototransistor.
I.
INTRODUCTION
The system was developed considering its varying applications. Foremost application is for military
use. A robust, portable system is proposed which could either be wearable on a persons arm or beneath his suit
or inside the back pack. This product is designed for military personal engaged in high-risk operations such as
confronting heavily armed terrorists or performing hostage rescue operations in remote locations.
We have divided our system into two parts one of which is the personal unit and the other is the base
unit. Personal unit is fully integrated with biomedical sensors, communication platform, emergency keypad,
tracking system, display, battery, battery monitoring system etc. The information transmitted by the personal
unit will be represented on a central desktop using a Real time Graphical User Interface. The GUI will provide
access to the Real time information of the Health, Position, and Critical signals regarding battery status received
from the person engaged in assigned mission. The proposed paper is a part of this system. The application can
variably change according to the requirement and this system can thus be implemented.
It can also be used for patients whose biomedical parameters can be monitored wirelessly while
tracking their exact location. In case of emergency, the person can either inform to the hospital through his
keypad or in scenarios where the person becomes unconscious due to sudden change in his health condition, an
important message can be triggered and thus the required help could be provided. We are monitoring
temperature and pulse rate which is considered the most vital biomedical parameter for a human being. We have
also included a wearable connection along the suit or arm. The reason for keeping such a provision was to alert
the base unit in case of accident when the whole personal unit might get disconnected without manually
removing it. A connection break will trigger this priority message. Proposed block diagram for this system is
given in figure 1. This diagram represents all the blocks of the system.
This paper represents the detailed design of signal conditioning circuits for biomedical sensors along
with battery monitoring circuit. Second part of this paper represents hardware design of signal conditioning
circuit. Third part elaborates the design using simulation results. Fourth part includes experimental results of
proposed design. And last part is conclusion.
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II.
HARDWARE DESIGN
) R2
) 1k
Rf= 2.3 k
But 2.3 k is not the standard value. Therefore we will use R3= 2.2 k and R4=100 resistors.
2.1.2 Subtraction of 1V from amplified output
In order to generate on board reference voltage we used LM 385. This IC provides reference voltage
of 1.2V. Using voltage divider, this 1.2V is converted to 1V. Using the equation,
Vo = (
) Vin
Vo= 1V; Vin= 1.2V.
Assume R7= 1k, therefore, R6=4.7k. This reference voltage is subtracted from the previously amplified sensor
voltage. This output is connected to unity gain amplifier for impedance matching and to avoid the loading effect
of the next op-amp.
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Fc =
Fc =
Fc=0.7Hz
1st and second stage active LPF:
Fc =
Fc =
Fc=2.34 Hz
2.3 Design of Battery monitoring circuit
In our system we are using rechargeable Lithium Polymer battery [7] consisting of 3 cells. Each cell has
a voltage of 3.7V. Thus a battery of 3 cell, 2200 mAH, 7.4V, and 35C sufficed our system. Given below in
Table 1, list of all the system components and their current requirements is mentioned.
Table1: Current consumption of the system
Component
LM 35
TCRT 1000
LPC 2148
GSM
GPS
LCD
LM 385
TLC 272
MCP 6004
MIC 29302
NE 555
LED
Total Current
Current required
60 A
25 mA
79 mA
500 mA
100 mA
20 mA
2.5 mA
10 mA
0.5 mA
40 mA
10 mA
7.4 mA
794.46 795 mA
T=
T = 2.77 hrs. 3 hrs
For the prototype system, our battery gives a continuous output for 3hrs. If the system ever
commercializes, a more powerful battery can very well be replaced by it. [11]
While considering lithium polymer batteries there are certain safety factors which must be critically
followed. Most important parameter is the upper threshold voltage and the lower threshold voltage. [8] Battery
manufacturers provide us with these critical values. Battery voltage should not go beyond the upper threshold
while charging and it should not discharge below a certain voltage. [9] We made use of a smart charger which
gave us the solution for its upper threshold. But for the lower threshold we designed a low voltage disconnects
(LVD) circuit, which is integrated with our system.
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The output of the battery is connected to the GPIO pin of the microcontroller, [10] and is programmed to
generate an interrupt as soon as it detects a low level on the GPIO pin. This interrupt sends critical message to
the base station. It displays a message of Low Battery on LCD. A switch is provided to manually disconnect
the load from the battery.
The Low voltage disconnects (LVD) [14] circuit provides an additional feature of Hysteresis [13] in order
to avoid on/off oscillations (multi-switching),
Lower Trigger Point (LTP): 6.2V
Upper Trigger Point (UTP): 6.5V
1.
Calculating R1,R2
R2=
; Vo = 2/3* Vcc
Vo = 3.33V
; Vin=VUTP = 6.5V
Calculating R3, R4
R4=
; Vo = 1/3*Vcc
Vo = 1.66V
III.
SIMULATION RESULTS
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voltage
(mV)
Stage 1
Gain (V)
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
300
310
320
330
340
350
360
370
380
390
400
410
420
-1
-1.03
-1.07
-1.10
-1.13
-1.16
-1.20
-1.23
-1.27
-1.30
-1.33
-1.37
-1.40
Ref
voltage
(+1V)
(V)
0
0.03
0.07
0.10
0.13
0.16
0.20
0.23
0.26
0.30
0.33
0.36
0.40
Output
Gain (8.5)
(Theoretical)
(V)
0
0.255
0.595
0.85
1.105
1.36
1.7
1.955
2.21
2.55
2.805
3.06
3.4
Output
(Simulate)
(V)
0
0.27
0.56
0.84
1.12
1.41
1.69
1.97
2.22
2.54
2.82
3.10
3.36
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IV.
EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS
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CONCLUSION
This paper thoroughly represents the designing of signal conditioning circuit for temperature sensor
LM35 and optocoupler TCRT1000 which is used as a heartbeat sensor. Battery monitoring circuit is also
designed and implemented using low voltage disconnects circuit (LVD) with an additional feature of hysteresis.
Similarity between the simulation results, theoretical results and practical results successfully shows the
implementation of this system.
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