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6 Water Purification
Natural sources of water
Rain is the main sources of water. When
rain falls, rainwater rushes into streams
and rivers. Water that seeps into the
gorund is called ground water,
About 97% of the Earths water is in the
ocean. However, sea water is too salty for
human consumption. We can obtain fresh
water by desalination.
Natural water is not pure. When it flows
through streams, rivers beneath the
ground, it dissolves minerals from almost
everything it flows over.
Water used for drinking must be clean and
free of disease-causing micro-organisms.
Filtration
Filtration removes suspended solid particles
from the water but this method of purification
does not kill microorganism and remove
dissolved substances.
Filtration is a process which uses fine sand,
coarse sand, small stones and pebbles. The
liquid that goes through the filter is called
filtrate and the solid material left behind is
called residue.
Boiling And Chlorination
Boiling and chlorination kill
microorganisms in water but they do not
remove suspended solid particles and do
not remove dissolved substances.
Boling can only supply a small amount of
water safe for drinking at home.
Chlorination is used to treat large
quantities of water such as swimming pool
by adding in chlorine.
Distillation
Distillation kills microorganisms in the
water, remove suspended solid particles
and remove dissolved substances.
However, distillation does not have
minerals making the water unsuitable for
drinking.
1. Photocatalytic Water Purification Technology