EXPERIMENT 7: NOISE ANALYSIS OF

ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS
A.NOISE ANALYSIS

INPUT AND OUTPUT WAVEFORM

NOISE CONTRIBUTION DUE TO EACH

RESISTORS

B.SPECTRAL DENSITY PLOT

C.NOISE FIGURE ANALYSIS

BODE PLOT

NOISE FIGURE AT 10 KHz

Questions:
1.) Why signal strength is often expressed in logarithmic decibels.

Ans) The logarithmic scale nature of the decibel means that a very large range of ratios can be
represented by a convenient number. This allows one to clearly visualize huge changes of some
quantity. Level values in decibels can be added instead of multiplying the underlying power
values, which means that the overall gain of a multi-component system, such as a series of
amplifier stages, can be calculated by summing the gains in decibels of the individual
components, rather than multiply the amplification factors; that is, log (A B C) = log (A) +
log(B) + log(C). Practically, this means that, armed only with the knowledge that 1 dB is
approximately 26% power gain, 3 dB is approximately 2 power gain, and 10 dB is 10 power
gain, it is possible to determine the power ratio of a system from the gain in dB with only simple
addition and multiplication.
2) List the various types of noise in electronic circuits along with the sources.
Ans).a) Thermal Noise:
It is generated by random thermal motion of charge carriers usually electrons, inside an
electrical conductor, which happens regardless of any applied voltage.
b) Shot Noise:
If electrons flow across a barrier, then they have discrete arrival times. Those discrete arrivals
exhibit shot noise.
c) Flicker Noise:
Flicker noise, also known as 1/f noise, is a signal or process with a frequency spectrum that falls
off steadily into the higher frequencies, with a pink spectrum. It occurs in almost all electronic
devices, and results from a variety of effects, though always related to a direct current.
d) Burst Noise:
Burst noise consists of sudden step-like transitions between two or more levels as high as
several hundred microvolts, at random and unpredictable times.
e) Transit-time Noise:
If time taken by electrons from travelling from emitter to collector becomes comparable to the
period of the signal being amplified, transit time effect takes place and noise input admittance of
the transistor increases.
3) What is the effect of changing gain of amplifier on the integrated noise of resistor?
Ans).
Gain
Noise Figure
Inoise total rr1=166.6n(VV2),Inoise
V
total
5
10
20
2

rr2=831.22n(V 2)
V
Inoise total rr1=167.39n(VVV2),Inoise
V
total rr2=1.59u(
2)
Inoise total rr1=168.97n(V 2),
V Inoise total
rr2=3.062u(V 2)
V
Inoise total rr1=166.08n(V 2),
V Inoise total
rr2=330.64n(V 2)
V

VVV V

Inoise total rr1=165.92n(V 2),

V Inoise total
rr2=166.39n(V 2)
V

Hence we conclude that integrated noise of the amplifier increases with the increase in gain and
vice-versa.
4) Comment on the relation of noise voltage with the frequencies from the
spectral density curves.
Ans.) As seen from the spectral density curves output noise voltage decreases with increase in
frequency.
5) Discuss the effect of frequency and temperature on noise in the amplifier
circuit simulated.
Frequency: 10 KHz

Temperature
27 C
40 C
55 C
70 C
15 C

Noise Figure
8.87dB
8.97dB
9.09dB
9.21dB
8.77dB

Hence we conclude that keeping the frequency constant at 10 KHz and increasing the
temperature results in an increase in noise figure, while decreasing the temperature results in
decrease in noise figure.
Temperature: 27 C
Frequency(Hz)
10000
9000
8000
11000
12000

Noise Figure(dB)
8.87
10.697
12.739
7.217
5.70

Hence we conclude that keeping temperature constant at 27C and increasing the frequency
results in a decrease in noise figure. On the other hand decreasing frequency results in an
increase in noise figure.
6) What is the difference between noise analysis and noise figure analysis?

Ans ) Noise analysis gives the noise figure due to each individual resistors present in the circuit
whereas noise figure analysis gives the noise figure due to the entire circuit in dB.
Noise analysis allows us to plot the power spectral density curves over a range of frequencies
whereas noise figure analysis only allows to calculate noise figure for a particular frequency.
But the effect of temperature on noise can be observed only by performing noise figure analysis
not noise analysis.