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Background
Current assessing method (EN 133818:2010) is based on the standard fire test.
Graphical approach
Curve fitting
Q
d * T
Background
A model to predict the performance of
intumescent coatings under different fire
scenarios.
Steel temperature-time relationship
Expansion ratio
Introduction
Modelling
Chemical reaction sub model
Expansion sub model
Thermal conductivity sub model
Heat and mass transfer
Finite Difference Method
Experiments
Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA)
Cone calorimeter test
Furnace test
Two paint products
Tstart Tmelt
Expansion stops when bubble bursts .
F 2m2
m2 T @ F , T = T
,
max
stop
t t
Tstart
=
Ctrap
m2T
m2 , 0T0
=
4deT 3
cond = 4.815 10 T
rad
3
Bubble growth mechanism
Bubble size is proportional to gas produced by blow agent and
inverse proportional to depletion of charring materials.
d = d 0 + (d max d 0 )(1
Y2 Y3 + YC
)
Y2, 0 Y3, 0
Cone Tests
3mm
50 kw 0.4 mm D.F.T
3mm
65 kw 1.2 mm D.F.T
Steel thickness /
mm
3 steel thicknesses
3 coat thicknesses
2 heat fluxes
50
65
10
20
Qty
0.4
0.8
1.2
0.4
0.8
1.2
0.4
0.8
1.2
35
30
25
400
20
300
Test
modelling
Test
Modelling
200
15
10
100
0
0
500
1000
1500
2000
Time /s
2500
3000
3500
Thickness /mm
Temperature /oC
500
600
35
30
500
400
20
300
Test
modelling
Test
Modelling
200
100
15
10
5
0
0
500
1000
1500
2000
Time /s
2500
3000
3500
Thickness /mm
Temperature /oC
25
700
35
600
30
Temperature /oC
25
400
20
300
15
Test
Modelling
Test
Modelling
200
100
10
5
0
0
500
1000
1500
2000
Time
2500
3000
3500
Thickness /mm
500
35
600
30
500
25
400
20
300
15
Test
Modelling
Test
Modelling
200
100
10
5
0
0
0
500
1000
1500
2000
time /s
2500
3000
3500
Thickness /mm
Temperature /oC
700
80
60
40
20
+20%
-20%
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Furnace Fire
1200
Fast
1000
ISO
Temperature /oC
800
Slow
600
Design Curve
Furnace Temperature
400
200
0
0
1000
2000
3000
Time /s
4000
5000
Furnace arrangement
DFT / m
M.E.R
P.E.R
Error /%
A04ISO
374
34.2
37.1
8.2
A08ISO
1094
36.6
35.3
-3.6
A12ISO
957
28.2
30.3
7.4
B04ISO
10
446
29.9
33.1
10.8
B08ISO
10
867
23.0
25.7
12.0
B12ISO
10
798
21.0
25.7
22.7
C04ISO
20
443
26.2
29.6
12.8
C08ISO
20
971
18.5
23.3
26.1
C12ISO
20
1172
21.3
20.9
-2.2
a)
b)
5mm
Temperature /oC
800
ISO Fire
steel thickness: 6mm
600
A04ISO Test
A04ISO Modelling
A08ISO Test
A08ISO Modelling
A12ISO Test
A12ISO Modelling
400
200
0
a)
Time /s
Temperature /oC
800
ISO Fire
steel thickness: 10 mm
600
B04ISO Test
B04ISO Modelling
B08ISO Test
B08ISO Modelling
B012ISO TEST
B12ISO Modelling
400
200
0
0
b)
Time /s
Temperature /oC
800
ISO Fire
Steel Thickness: 20 mm
600
400
C04ISO Test
C04ISO Modelling
C08ISO Test
C08ISO Modelling
C12ISO1 Test
C12ISO1 Modelling
200
0
0
C)
Time /s
ISO Fire
700
600
500
400
300
+10%
200
-10%
100
0
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
DFT / m
419
1035
872
410
903
797
432
903
1060
M.E.R
39.2
40.5
48.6
42.9
39.3
37.5
42.3
20.2
16.4
P.E.R
40.8
30.1
31.4
37.7
30.5
32.6
28.3
24.2
26.4
Error /%
4.0
-25.6
-35.4
-12.1
-22.3
-13.1
-33.1
19.6
61.2
Temperature /oC
800
Slow Fire
Steel Thickness: 6 mm
600
400
A04SL Test
A04SL Modelling
A08SL Test
A08SL Modelling
A12SL Test
A12SL Modelling
200
0
a)
Time /s
Slow Fire
Steel Thickness: 10 mm
Temperature /oC
800
600
400
B04SL Test
B04SL Modelling
B08SL Test
B08SL Modelling
B12SL Test
B12SL Modelling
200
0
0
b)
Time /s
C04SL Test
C04SL Modelling
C08SL Test
C08SL Modelling
C12SL Test
C12SL Modelling
Temperature /oC
800
600
Slow Fire
Steel Thickness: 20 mm
400
200
0
0
c)
Time /s
a)
b)
5mm
b)
a)
d)
c)
Sample ID
DFT/ m
M.E.R
P.E.R
Error /%
A04FA
A08FA
A12FA
B04FA
B08FA
B12FA
C04FA
C08FA
C12FA
6
6
6
10
10
10
20
20
20
407
1035
892
436
971
786
445
969
1038
24.8
21.8
28.8
31.5
23.7
20.7
32.2
19.7
20.5
30.8
25.5
25.2
31.5
25.8
26.1
27.6
23.4
22.6
24.4
17.0
-12.3
-0.1
8.8
25.7
-14.3
18.6
10.4
Fast Fire
Fast Fire
Steel Thickness: 6 mm
1200
Temperature /oC
1000
800
A04FA Test
A04FA Modelling
A08FA Test
A08FA Modelling
A12FA Test
A12FA Modelling
600
400
200
0
a)
Time /s
Fast Fire
Fast Fire
Steel Thickness: 10 mm
1200
Temperature /oC
1000
800
B04FA Test
B04FA Modelling
B08FA Test
B08FA Modelling
B12FA Test
B12FA Modelling
600
400
200
0
0
b)
Time /s
Fast Fire
C04FA Test
C04FA Modelling
C08FA Test
C08FA Modelling
C12FA Test
C12FA Modelling
1200
Temperature /oC
1000
800
Fast Fire
Steel Thickness: 20 mm
600
400
200
0
0
c)
Time /s
a)
5mm
b)
5mm
700
600
500
400
300
ISO Fire
Fast Fire
Slow Fire
+10%
200
-10%
100
0
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
60
+20%
50
40
-20%
30
20
10
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
80
60
40
+20%
20
-20%
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Summary
The expansion of the intumescent coating
was significantly different for different
experimental conditions.
The model was able to produce accurate
results.
10% for temperature predication
20% for thickness prediction
Some sub-model need to be refined.