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CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

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1. INTRODUCTION
In various fields automation has become a necessity and is not just an advantage.
Automation in the energy metering system is also necessary to enhance peoples life standard.
Traditionally used meter reading by human operator is quite inefficient to meet the future
development needs. So there is increased demand for Automatic Meter Reading (AMR)
systems which collects meter readings electronically, and its application is expanding over
industrial, commercial and utility environment Electronic utility meters are hereby an
important step toward automating the utility metering process. Automated utility meters have
many new features that will help to reduce the cost of utilities to customers and the cost of
delivering utilities to the utility provider. Gone are those days when manual intervention was
required in every single system. The earlier meters which were electromechanical meters
suffered from many drawbacks. They were less reliable due to their inefficiency to sustain the
environmental effects. Also the job of the person collecting the meter readings by physically
moving from places to places was quite impractical.
The method of collecting of meter readings manually becomes very problematic and
costly whereby readings had to be collected from vast, and often scattered areas. Meter
readers very are reluctant to make the efforts to travel to such areas and will often submit
inaccurate estimations of the amount of electricity consumed. Hence such an approach was
not a reliable one and had to be eventually changed. For households getting the meter
readings manually from top of high buildings in luxury housing plots, traditional meter
reading method was highly inefficient. There exists chance for missing bills, absence of
consumer and many related problems. Even though these conventional meters were replaced
with more efficient electronic energy meters these problems still continue to persist. Here a
new method of prepaid electronic energy metering is introduced which will automatically
sense the used energy, record these reading continuously, then sends it to the billing point
through the existing GSM network. Finally after processing the collected data bill is
generated using web based system software.
As it is web oriented once the data is updated. The users have you be registered to
gain access to the information. That means only authorized consumers will be given
information of the electricity bills. They may take the necessary actions if anything
undesirable or unexpected charges occur. The registered users after authentication can
monitor and analyze the generated bill of any month by sitting anywhere in the world. The
consumer will also be informed by sending a short message on the consumers number.

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Electricity theft is observed as a common problem everywhere which needs to be considered

in case of advancement in electricity meter reading systems. Most popular electricity theft
measures are phase line bypassing, disconnecting the neutral line, bypassing the whole meter
and tampering the energy meter. Phase line bypassing will blind the current transformer to
show zero current. Disconnecting the neutral line and giving local ground make the voltage
transformer to show zero potential. By passing the whole meter results in zero energy
measurement by the energy meter. Tampering the energy meter to make unauthorized
modification will results in faulty measurements. These four measures have been addressed
and the robust system to avoid such measures have been designed and made a prototype
model.
Thus the traditional method demanded a change. As also in other areas automation
was also necessary in the electricity meter billing system. Electricity is consumed every in
household as well as industrial and commercial areas on a very large scale. Electricity is the
basic requirement of any sector to work properly. No sector will be able to function without
the electricity supply and is hence an indispensable part of the human life. Electricity playing
an important role in the lives of human beings in the 21 st century the automation in the billing
system was much necessary.
Relying on the traditional system for bill calculation would not be possible. The
meters which were earlier used were electromechanical meters. Later these meters were
replaced by the electronic meters. These meters were more efficient compared to the previous
meters. However, the meters working automatically there was lack of monitoring of the
system. The consumers unaware of the electricity thefts they suffered in such cases. Hence
not just the automated system but also improvisation in the system later became necessary
owing to the increasing number of electricity theft incidences. The proposed system here will
inform the registered consumers about their electricity usage on the website which is possible
to access from any place as well as receive messages on his mobile phone regularly to alert
the person. This may reduce the chances of electricity thefts. This system of energy meter
billing alerts registered customers through SMS which ensures that the bill is brought to their
notice.

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CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE SURVEY

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2. LITERATURE SURVEY
1. The Authors Ashna k and Sudhir George in their paper, GSM Based Automatic Energy
Meter Reading System with Instant Billing have described an automatic energy meter
billing which system provides a solution to the traditional metering system with a system
providing remote access to the consumers of the data regarding the electricity
consumption and their bill on the webpage as well through SMS. A PC with GSM
receiver acts as the billing point. Data transmission is charged at standard SMS rates. In
the system consumers are provided the facility of prepaid recharging.

2.

The Author Cephas Paul Edward V of the paper Support Vector Machine Based

Automatic Electric Meter Reading System describes and explains the use of Image
acquisition fitted device like camera in front of the meter that will take pictures of the
meter readings and send them to the Electricity Board server. Support vector machine is
a well-known feature learning algorithm used here. The image capturing camera contains
a timer which instructs the camera to capture images at certain time intervals.

3. The Authors Adnan Rashdi, Rafia Malik, Sanam Rashid, Anam Ajmal, Sulaiman
Sadiq in their paper, Remote Energy Monitoring, Profiling and Control Through
GSM Network explain the use of GSM in the metering system. The system
makes use of an additional transmission module. The System also uses a GPS for
indicating the position of the consumers thus helping in theft detection. The
reception module receives the message.
4. The Author Bharat Kulkarni of the paper GSM Based Automatic Meter Reading
System Using ARM Controller The author describes an energy metering system with
the help of which we can collect the readings as well as control the supply to the user.
The customer can be informed of the current meter reading, status of the line and other
related parameters with the help of software at the service provider section by SMS or
phone call.

5. The Authors of the paper Champ Prapasawad, Kittitach Pornprasitpol,

Wanchalerm Pora of the paper Development of An Automatic Meter Reading
System Based on ZigBee PRO Smart (Profile IEEE 802.15.4 Standard) describe
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a system developed called an automatic meter reading system focusing on the design for
an energy meter implemented with ZigBee wireless communication protocol conforming
to IEEE 802.15.4 standard. The use of zigbee in the system facilitates wireless
communication. The metering system is a system used for measurement of electricity
consumption through electrical usage metering and transmitting it over a wireless
communication medium. ZigBee is a Wireless communication technology with the data
transfer speed at 250 Kilobits per second (Kbps), which is suitable for the meter reading
system. It is used as the system does not require so much the speed of data transmission.

6. The Author1E.Moni Silviya, 1K.Meena Vinodhini, 2Salai Thillai Thilagam.J. of

the paper GSM Based Automatic Energy Meter System with Instant Billing.
IJAREEIE, describes a metering system in which current is calculated based on the
number of rotations. The is designed using ARM processor. The Electricity bill is
calculated automatically. The system is a type of prepaid system for electricity supply.
The users can recharge their billing account The consumers get alerted using SMS
system as well through a buzzer which produces the beep sound to alert the user when
the power theft occurs. At standard SMS rates, data transmission takes place and the
charges are not based on the duration of data transmission. The cost efficient
transmission of readings .

7. The Authors Dinesh kumar.K, Prabhu Ramanathan Sudha Ramasamy in their

paper International Conference on Circuit, Power and Computing Technologies
Development of ARM Processor based Electricity Theft Control System using GSM
Network describes a metering system focusing on the theft detection part trying to
eliminate the cases of electricity thefts which may be taking place by various means. The
author names the common ways in which these thefts are done. The consumers are
informed about the electricity bill by sending SMS. The SMS text are send through the
GSM module in cases of thefts. It provides protection to the energy meter from phase
line bypassing, neutral line disconnection, whole meter bypassing and meter tampering.

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CHAPTER 3
PROBLEM STATEMENT &
OBJECTIVE

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3.1PROBLEM STATEMENT
To design and develop an automatic energy meter billing system which provides
instant billing and also detects electricity thefts.

3.2OBJECTIVES

To make efficient and advanced system for Energy meter.

To minimize manual interaction.
Remote access for consumer about electricity usage details.
Alert through SMS.
Web Access for usage details and Bill.

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CHAPTER 4
METHODOLOGY

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4. METHODOLOGY
In this system the two wire power supply is connected to the energy metering IC
through the analog front end of the energy meter evaluation board which provides average
active power information via a pulse output which may be then used to be processed by a
Micro Controller Unit (MCU). Value is predefined in controllers program (Preset value 50).
As the pulses will be coming from meter controller will count the pulses and will decrement
the predefined value by one. When the balance value will be less than 20 consumer will be
alerted through SMS. When the balance will become 0 power supply will be cut.
The GSM unit is interfaced to the micro controller via a MAX 232 convertor. GSM
module is used to send message for alerting the consumer. GSM modem transmits usage
details to office modem.
Simultaneously as the system will be initialized the current and voltage readings
details will be sent to web server. Consumer will be having their account on Website. One can
login and see details of usage.
Every house/premise has a unique number (consumer number), which is given by the
corresponding authority. The detailed circuit of the meter constructed using off the shelf
components such as evaluation board, Microcontroller (PIC16F877) and GSM Modem.

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CHAPTER 5
SPECIFICATIONS

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5. SPECIFICATIONS OF THE SYSTEM

5.1 CIRCUIT SPECIFICATION:

PIC 16F877A Controller

Power Supply 5V
LCD Display (16*2)
MAX 232
Relay JQC-3FC (T73)

5.2 MECHANICAL SPECIFICATION:

Energy Meter (MJ-093)

GSM Module SIM 900A
CFL Bulb (5W)

5.3 ELECTRICAL SPECIFICATION:

5.4

AC mains of 230V
Energy Meter AC 1-Phase, 2 wire static kwh meter
10-40 Amp, 240V, 50Hz
Transformer 9-0-9V, 500mA
5V DC Supply to controller
SOFTWARE SPECIFICATION:
Embedded C
Keil /MPLAB
Flash magic
Proteus 8

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CHAPTER 6
SYSTEM BLOCK DIAGRAM

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6. BLOCK DIAGRAM
6.1 TX SECTION

Fig 1: TX Section

6.2 RX SECTION

MOBILE

TAB

GLOBAL
Fig 2: RX Section

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6.3 BLOCK DIAGRAM DESCRIPTION

In this system the two wire power supply is connected to the energy metering IC
through the analog front end of the energy meter evaluation board which provides average
active power information via a pulse output which may be then used to be processed by a
Micro Controller Unit (MCU). The GSM unit is interfaced to the micro controller via a MAX
232 convertor. User GSM modem transmits usage details to office modem.
Every house/premise has a unique number (consumer number), which is given by the
corresponding authority. The detailed circuit of the meter constructed using off the shelf
components such as evaluation board, Microcontroller (PIC16F877) and GSM Modem. At
the input prototype area of the evaluation board a 250 , 10A meter shunt is connected as
current-sensing element

I.

POWER SUPPLY
The main components used in the power supply unit shown in fig 5.5 are Transformer,

Rectifier, Filter, and Regulator. The 230V ac supply is converted into 12V ac supply through
the transformer. The output of the transformer has the same frequency as in the input ac
power. This ac power is converted into dc power through the diodes. Here the bridge diode is
used to convert the ac supply to the dc power supply. This converted dc power supply has the
ripple content and for the normal operation of the circuit, the ripple content of the dc power
supply should be as low as possible. Because the ripple content of the power supply will
reduce the life of circuit.
So to reduce the ripple content of the dc power supply, the filter is used. The filter is
nothing but the large value capacitance. The output waveform of the filter capacitance will
almost be the straight line.
This filtered output will not be the regulated voltage. For the normal operation of the
circuit it should have the regulated output. Specifically for the microcontroller IC regulated
constant 5V output voltage should be given. For this purpose 78xx regulator should be used
in the circuit. In that number of IC, the 8 represents the positive voltage and if it is 9, it will
represent the negative voltage. The xx represents the voltage. If it is 7805, it represent 5V
regulator, and if it is 7812, it represent 12V regulator. Thus the regulated constant output is
obtained.

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AUTOMATIC ENERGY METER BILLING SYSTEM ALONG WITH THEFT DETECTION

PIC CONTROLLER
PIC is a family of Harvard architecture controllers made by Microchip Technology,

derived from the PIC1640 originally manufactured by General Instrument's Microelectronics

Division. The name PIC initially referred to peripheral interface controller. PIC can either be
programmed only once (with ROM memory) or have glass window (Electrically erasable
PROM memory) which allows erasing by few minutes exposure to UV light. OTP ( one time
program) are usually cheaper. Apart from flash memory Microcontrollers of PIC16F87x and
PIC16F84 series also contains 64-256 bytes of internal memory EEPROM which can be used
for storing program data.

Fig 4: PIC Controller

III.

LCD DISPLAY
A 16x2 LCD implies that it can display 16 characters per line and there are 2 such

lines. In this LCD each character is displayed in 5x7 pixel matrix. This LCD consists of two
registers, namely, Command and Data. The command register saves the command
instructions that are given to the LCD. A command is nothing but an instruction that is given
to LCD to do a predefined task like initializing it,that clears its screen, sets the cursor
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position, controls display etc. The data register saves the data to be displayed on the LCD.
The data is nothing but the ASCII value of the character to be displayed on the LCD.

Fig 5: LCD Display

Fig 6: LCD Pin-out

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GSM MODULE
The GSM/GPRS Modem comes with a serial interface through which the modem can

be controlled using AT command interface. An antenna and a power adapter are provided.
The basic segregation of working of the modem is as under:

Voice calls
SMS
GPRS Data calls
GPRS

Fig 7: GSM Module

V.

MAX 232
The MAX232 device is a dual driver/receiver that includes a capacitive voltage

generator to supply TIA/EIA-232-F voltage levels from a single 5-V supply. Each receiver
converts TIA/EIA-232-F inputs to 5-V TTL/CMOS levels. These receivers have a typical
threshold of 1.3 V, a typical hysteresis of 0.5 V, and can accept 30-V inputs. Each driver
converts TTL/CMOS input levels into TIA/EIA-232-F levels.

Fig 8: Max 232 Pin Diagram

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CHAPTER 7
HARDWARE DESIGN

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7. HARDWARE DESIGN
7.1 SCHEMATIC

Fig 10: Schematic Diagram

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7.2 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM DESCRIPTION

I.

POWER SUPPLY DESIGN

Fig 3: Power Supply

The average voltage at the output of a bridge rectifier capacitor filter combination is
given by,
Vin(DC) = Vm Idc / 4 f C1
Where , Vm=2 Vs and Vs = rms secondary voltage
Assuming Idc to be equal to max. load current, say 100mA
C = 1000 uf / 65 v , f=50hHz
15 = Vm 0.1 / 4*50*1000*106
15= Vm 0.1 / 0.2
Vm=15.5 volts
Hence the RMS secondary Voltage
Vrms = Vm / 2
= 15.5 / 2
=15.5 / 1.41421
=10.9601 volts
So we can select a 15v secondary Voltage

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In our system most of the components require 5 V as operating voltage such as micro
controller, MAX 232, LCD etc. The total current, which our circuit sinks from the power
supply, is not more than 100 mA. We have used Regulator IC 7805 that gives output voltage
of 5V.The minimum input voltage required for the 7805 is near about 7 V. Therefore we have
used the transformer with the voltage rating 230v-10v and current rating 500/750 mA. The
output of the transformer is 12 V. This voltage is converted into 12 V DC by Bridge rectifier
circuit.

The reasons for choosing the bridge rectifier are:

a) The TUF is increased to 0.812 as compared the full wave rectifier.
b) The PIV across each diode is the peak voltage across the load =V m, not 2Vm as in the
two diode rectifier
Output of the bridge rectifier is not pure DC and contains some AC some AC ripples in it. To
remove these ripples we have used capacitive filter, which smoothens the rippled output that
we apply to 7805 regulators IC that gives 5V DC. We preferred to choose capacitor filters
since it is cost effective, readily available and not too bulky.

7.3 PCB DESIGN

Fig 9: PCB Design

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CHAPTER 8
SOFTWARE DESIGN

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9. SOFTWARE DESIGN
9.1 ALGORITHM
1. Start.
2. Initialization of Microcontroller.
3. Initialize UART.
4. Initialize WEBSITE.
5. Power Calculation will be done through microcontroller.
6. Load limit will be predefined.
7. Load calculated will be compared to preset value.
8. Current and voltage readings will be sent to web server.
9. Customers account will be there on website with E-mail registration.
10. The message will be sent to the customer about account status.
11. Certain amount will be there in customers account .
12. If amount in the account is less than average predefined bill amount then warning
will be sent to customer.
13. The process will be continued for every month and electricity usage will be
observed continuously.
14. End.

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9.2 FLOW CHART

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9.3 WEBPAGE DESIGN

Web-Based Software

Languages
Front End: PHP :
PHP is a server-side, cross-platform, HTML-embedded scripting language. PHP

(recursive acronym for PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor) is a widely-used open source generalpurpose scripting language that is especially suited for web development and can be
embedded into HTML.
Currently there are over half a million domains running PHP. Much of PHPs syntax
is borrowed from C, Java and Pearl with a couple of unique PHP-specific features thrown in.
The goal of the language is to allow web developers to write dynamically generated pages
quickly. PHP eliminates the need for numerous small CGI programs by allowing you to place
simple scripts directly in your HTML files. It also makes it easier to manage large web sites
by placing all components of a web page in a single html file.
PHP is mainly focused on server-side scripting, so you can do anything any other CGI
program can do, such as collect form data, generate dynamic page content, or send and
receive cookies.
PHP can be used on all major operating systems, including Linux, many Unix variants
(including HP-UX, Solaris and Open BSD), Microsoft Windows, Mac OS X, RISC OS, and
probably others. PHP has also support for most of the web servers today.
One of the strongest and most significant features in PHP is its support for a wide range of
databases. Writing a database-enabled web page is incredibly simple using one of the
database specific extensions (e.g., for my sql), or using an abstraction layer like PDO, or
connect to any database supporting the Open Database Connection standard via the ODBC
extension. Other databases may utilize URL or sockets, like Couch DB.

Back End: My SQL :

My SQL is the world's most popular open source database software, with over 100

million copies of its software downloaded or distributed throughout its history. With its
superior speed, reliability, and ease of use, MySQL has become the preferred choice for Web,
Web 2.0, SaaS, ISV, Telecom companies and forward-thinking corporate IT Managers
because it eliminates the major problems associated with downtime, maintenance and
administration for modern, online applications.

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My SQL is a open source Relational Database Management System. MySQL is very

fast reliable and flexible Database Management System. It provides a very high performance
and it is multi-threaded and multi user Relational Database management system.
My SQL is one of the most popular relational database Management System on the
web. The MySQL Database has become the world's most popular open source Database,
because it is free and available on almost all the platforms. The MySQL can run on Unix,
Windows, and Mac OS. MySQL is used for the internet applications as it provides good
speed and is very secure. MySQL was developed to manage large volumes of data at very
high speed to overcome the problems of existing solutions. MySQL can be used for variety of
applications but it is mostly used for the web applications on the internet.

Application Server: Xampp Server :

XAMPP is a free and open source cross-platform web server solution stack package,

consisting mainly of the Apache HTTP Server, My SQL database, and interpreters for scripts
written in the PHP and Perl programming languages.
XAMPP's name is an acronym for- X (to be read as "cross", meaning crossplatform),Apache HTTP Server, My SQL, PHP, Perl.
The program is released under the terms of the GNU General Public License and acts
as a free web server capable of serving dynamic pages. XAMPP is available for Microsoft
Windows, Linux, Solaris, and Mac OS X, and is mainly used for web development projects.
This software is useful while you are creating dynamic web pages using programming
languages like PHP, JSP, Servlets.

Requirements and features :

XAMPP requires only one zip, tar, 7z, or exe file to be downloaded and run, and little

or no configuration of the various components that make up the web server is required.
XAMPP is regularly updated to incorporate the latest releases of Apache/My SQL/PHP and
Perl. It also comes with a number of other modules including Open SSL and php My Admin.
Installing XAMPP takes less time than installing each of its components separately.
Self-contained, multiple instances of XAMPP can exist on a single computer, and any given
instance can be copied from one computer to another. It is offered in both a full, standard
version and a smaller version.

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Use :
Officially, XAMPP's designers intended it for use only as a development tool, to

allow website designers and programmers to test their work on their own computers without
any access to the Internet. To make this as easy as possible, many important security features
are disabled by default. In practice, however, XAMPP is sometimes used to actually serve
web pages on the World Wide Web. A special tool is provided to password-protect the most
important parts of the package.

IDE: (Integrated Development Environment) :

An integrated development environment (IDE) (also known as integrated design

environment, integrated debugging environment or interactive development environment) is a

software application that provides comprehensive facilities to computer programmers for
software development. An IDE normally consists of:

a source code editor

a compiler and/or an interpreter
build automation tools
a debugger
The boundary between an integrated development environment and other parts of the

broader software development environment is not well-defined. Sometimes a version control

system and various tools are integrated to simplify the construction of a GUI. Many modern
IDEs also have a class browser, an object inspector, and a class hierarchy diagram, for use
with object-oriented software development.
Software that is used in the Project includes php as the front end software as well as
MySQL as the back end tool. Application server is Xampp server. PHP is a server-side, crossplatform, HTML-embedded scripting language.(Hypertext Preprocessor)PHP is a widelyused open source general-purpose scripting language that can be embedded into HTML and
suited for web development. Much of PHPs syntax is obtained from C, Java and Pearl with a
few unique PHP specific features thrown in. PHP successfully eliminates the need for a
number of small CGI programs allowing you to place simple scripts in your HTML files. It
also makes it easier to manage large web sites placing all components of a web page in a html
file. PHP is mainly focused on server-side scripting, so it is possible to do anything that any
other CGI programs can do, such as collecting form data, generating dynamic page content or
sending and receiving cookies. PHP also supports most of the web servers today.

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CHAPTER 9
ADVANTAGES & FUTURE SCOPE

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10.1 ADVANTAGES

The system is more efficient than the traditional system.

The problem of electricity theft is solved.

The consumer can access their electricity bill from anywhere in the world.

Human interaction is minimized.

10.2 LIMITATIONS

10.3 FUTURE SCOPE

This project will help us to remotely monitor and control the domestic Energy Meter.
This system enables electricity department to read the meter readings regularly without the
person visiting each house. This can be achieved by the use of Microcontroller unit that
continuously monitors and records the Energy meter readings in its permanent memory
location. This system also makes use of a GSM module for monitoring and control of Energy
Meter.
With some modification in this system it can be used for theft detection at some
defined area. Excess usage of electricity illegally can be controlled. Electricity board can use
new techniques which will not need human intervention. System can be made fully
automatic.

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CHAPTER 10
APPLICATIONS

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10. APPLICATIONS

Electricity Department.
Household energy meter monitoring.
Railway Electrical Systems.
Industrial Energy remote monitoring.
Remote Controlling system.
Provides user friendly remote energy meter monitoring.
Supports controlling of meter.
Can be controlled anywhere in the world.
Non-volatile memory based energy reading storing.
Auto disconnect feature.

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CHAPTER 11
RESULT

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12.RESULT
Stages of experimental result
1. Automatic Energy Meter System

As soon as the supply is turned ON the lamp glows and initial (set value is 50) is displayed
on the LCD screen. The value is decremented by 1 with each incoming pulse.

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2. Uploading data to Website

The data is simultaneously uploaded on the website which takes few seconds time. The
message uploading data will be appearing on the LCD till the data is uploaded.
3. Message Sent after Low Balance

As soon as the balance becomes low, message is sent to the consumer on his mobile. He
receives the message every time the balance becomes 20.

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4. Supply will be cut after Balance is Zero

When the balance becomes zero the supply is cut. The lamp is turned OFF. Accordingly the
message is displayed on the LCD.

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CHAPTER 12
CONCLUSION

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13.CONCLUSION
The system will generate the electricity consumption bill automatically by auto
processing of the data by simply selection of consumer name and month. Also designing a
web oriented GUI for electronic billing, which will update the database regularly, compute
the monthly bill amount, and notify the consumer about his bill on the web page will
additionally improve the existing system.
It will be a more advanced and reliable user friendly system with web portal created
for using advanced Visual Studio, .net framework for multiple access The project will
manage data efficiently. There will also be an additional theft detection function added to the
system which will also prevent illegal usage of electricity. With the knowledge of new
techniques in electronics we have implemented Automatic Energy Meter system.

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CHAPTER 13
REFERENCES

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14.REFERENCES
[1] Ashna.k,, PG Scholar & Sudhish N George, GSM Based Automatic Energy Meter
Reading System with Instant Billing Electronics & Communication Dept., National
Institute of Technology, Calicut, India. 2013 IEEE
[2] Cephs Paul Edward V, Support Vector Machine Based Automatic Meter Reading
System, IEEE International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Computing
Research, Department of Computer Science and Engineering Anna University BIT
Campus, Tiruchirapalli, India,2013
[3] Champ Prapasawad, Kittiach Pornprasitpol, Development of an Automatic Energy
Meter System Based on Zigbee PRO smart Profile IEEE 802.15.4 Standard,IEEE
2012
[4] 1E Moni Silviya, 1K Meena Vinodhini, 2 Salai Thilagam J, GSM Based Automatic
Energy Meter System with Instant Billing, IJAREEIE, Vol 3,Special Issue 3,April
2014.
[5] Dinesh Kumar K, Prabhu Ramanathan Sudha Ramasmy, Development of ARM
Processor based Electricity Theft Control System using GSM Network, 2015
International Conference on Circuit Power and Computing Technologies[ICCPT]
2015 IEEE
[6] Bharat Kulkarni, GSM based Automatic Meter Reading System Using ARM Controller,
IJETAE(ISSN 2250-2459,Volume 2,Issue 5,May 2012)
[7] Prof. Mrs. K. D. Mahajan, Waste Bin Monitoring System Using Integrated
Technologies,IJIRSET, July 2014
[8] Prof. Mrs. K. D. Mahajan, Zigbee based Waste Bin Monitoring System, IJESRT, July
2014
[9]H.G.Rodney Tan,C.H. Lee,V.H.Mok,Automatic power meter reading
system using GSM network, The 8 Conference (IPEC 2007).
[10]Li Kaicheng, Liu Jianfeng, Yue Congyuan, Zhang Ming. Remote
power management and meter-reading system based on ARM
microprocessor,

Precision

Electromagnetic

Measurements

Digest,2008. CPEM 2008. Conference on Digital Object Identifier.

[11]Subhashis Maitra,Embedded Energy Meter- A new concept to
measure the energy consumed by a consumer and to pay the bill,
Power System Technology and IEEE Power India Conference, 2008.

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[12] Soma ShekaraSreenadh Reddy Depuru, Lingfeng Wang, VijayDevabhaktuni,

"Electricity theft: Overview, issues, prevention and a smart meter based approach to
control theft", Feb.2011.
[13]
[14]
[15]

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