FORM 1 CHAPTER 1

LINES AND ANGLES

Karmen Thum B. (Maths & Econs) USM

POLYGONS
A) Recognising Polygons
A polygon is a plane figure with three or
more straight edges as its sides.
For example :(a)

(b)

(a) and (b) are polygons.

(c)

(d)

(c) and (d) are not polygons.

B) Names of Polygons
1. A polygon is named after the number of
sides it contains. The following names
are given to some common polygons.

2. In general, a polygon with n sides is called

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FORM 1 CHAPTER 1
LINES AND ANGLES

Karmen Thum B. (Maths & Econs) USM

a n-gone.
For example :A polygon with 12 sides is called a 12-gon.
Worked Example 1
Name the following polygons.
(a)

(b)

C) Determining the Number of Sides, Vertices

and Diagonals in a given Polygon
1. A vertex is the point where two straight
lines meet.
2. A diagonal is a straight line joining two
vertices which are not adjacent to each
other.
For example :-

The quadrilateral KLMN contains

(i) 4 sides (i.e. KL, LM, MN and KN )
(ii) 40vertices (i.e. K, L, M and N )
(iii) 2 diagonals ( i.e. KM and LN )

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FORM 1 CHAPTER 1
LINES AND ANGLES

Karmen Thum B. (Maths & Econs) USM

Worked Example 2
State the number of
(i) sides,

(ii) vertices,

(iii) diagonals

in each of the following polygons.

(a)

(b)

3. The table below shows the number of

sides, vertices and diagonals for some
common polygons.

D) Sketching Polygons
To sketch a polygon,determine the number
of sides or vertices the polygon has first.
Worked Example 3
Sketch two different shapes to represent the

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FORM 1 CHAPTER 1
LINES AND ANGLES

Karmen Thum B. (Maths & Econs) USM

following polygons.
(a) Quadrilateral
(b) Hexagon
Solution
(a)

(b)

SYMMETRY
A) Determining and Drawing the Line(s)
of Symmetry of Shapes
1. An object is said to have a line of symmetry if it
can be divided into identical halves when it is
folded along that line.
For example :(a)

(b)

2. An object may have more than one line of

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FORM 1 CHAPTER 1
LINES AND ANGLES

Karmen Thum B. (Maths & Econs) USM

symmetry.
For example :(a)

Worked example 4
Determine whether each of the following
object has a line of symmetry.
(a)

(b)

Solution

Worked Example 5
Draw and state the number of line (s) of
symmetry in each of the following object.
(a)

(b)

Solution
(a)

(b)

1 line of
symmetry

2 lines of
symmetry

Worked Example 6
The figurs below are drawn on square grids.
Draw and state the number of lines of symmetry
in each figure.

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FORM 1 CHAPTER 1
LINES AND ANGLES
(a)

Karmen Thum B. (Maths & Econs) USM

(b)

Solution
(a)

2 lines of symmetry
(b)

4 lines of symmmetry
Worked Example 7
The figure below are drawn on tessellation
of equilateral triangles. Draw and state the
number of lines of symmetry in each figure.
(a)

(b)

Solution
(a)

2 lines of symmetry
(b)

1 line of symmetry

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FORM 1 CHAPTER 1
LINES AND ANGLES
B) Completing a given Shape

Karmen Thum B. (Maths & Econs) USM

(a)

(b)

Solution
(a)

(b)

(a)

(b)

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FORM 1 CHAPTER 1
LINES AND ANGLES

Karmen Thum B. (Maths & Econs) USM

Solution
(a)

(b)

C) Drawing Designs using the

Concept of Symmetry

(a)

(b)

Solution
Below are two possinble designs.
(a)

(b)

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FORM 1 CHAPTER 1
LINES AND ANGLES

(a)

Karmen Thum B. (Maths & Econs) USM

(b)

Solution
(a)

(b)

10.3 TRIANGLES

A) Recognising Different Types of Triangles

and their Geometric Properties

(ii)

(iii)

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FORM 1 CHAPTER 1
LINES AND ANGLES

Karmen Thum B. (Maths & Econs) USM

(b) The types of angles

(a)

(b)

(a)

(c)

(b)

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FORM 1 CHAPTER 1
LINES AND ANGLES

Karmen Thum B. (Maths & Econs) USM

B) Determining and Drawing Lines

of Symmetry of given Triangles

(a)

(c)

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FORM 1 CHAPTER 1
LINES AND ANGLES

Karmen Thum B. (Maths & Econs) USM

(b)

Solution

C) Drawing Triangles

Solution
Step 1
Skretch the triangle.

Step 2

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FORM 1 CHAPTER 1
LINES AND ANGLES

Karmen Thum B. (Maths & Econs) USM

Draw EF = 2 cm.

Step 3
Using a protractor, draw an angle of 50 at F.

Step 4
Using a ruler, mark the point G 1 from F.

Step 5
Join EG

Solution
Step 1
Sketch the triangle.

Step 2
Draw JK = 3 CM.

Step 3

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FORM 1 CHAPTER 1
LINES AND ANGLES

Karmen Thum B. (Maths & Econs) USM

Using a protractor, draw an angle of 30 at J.

Step 4
Using a ruler, mark the point L 1.5 cm from K.

Step 5
Join KL.

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FORM 1 CHAPTER 1
LINES AND ANGLES

Karmen Thum B. (Maths & Econs) USM

D) Determining the Sum of Angles of a Triangle

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FORM 1 CHAPTER 1
LINES AND ANGLES

Karmen Thum B. (Maths & Econs) USM

E) Determining the Angles of an Equilateral Triangle

(a)

(b)

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FORM 1 CHAPTER 1
LINES AND ANGLES

Karmen Thum B. (Maths & Econs) USM

F) Determining Wheter the two Base Angles of an

Isosceles Triangle are Equal

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FORM 1 CHAPTER 1
LINES AND ANGLES

Karmen Thum B. (Maths & Econs) USM

G) Determining the Exterior and Interior

Opposite Angles of a Triangle

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FORM 1 CHAPTER 1
LINES AND ANGLES

Karmen Thum B. (Maths & Econs) USM

H) Problem Solving involving Triangle

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FORM 1 CHAPTER 1
LINES AND ANGLES

Karmen Thum B. (Maths & Econs) USM

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FORM 1 CHAPTER 1
LINES AND ANGLES

Karmen Thum B. (Maths & Econs) USM

10.4 QUADRILATERALS

A) Recognising Different Types of Quarilaterals

and their Geometric Properties

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FORM 1 CHAPTER 1
LINES AND ANGLES

Karmen Thum B. (Maths & Econs) USM

B) Determining and Drawing Lines of

Symmetry of given Quadrilaterals

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FORM 1 CHAPTER 1
LINES AND ANGLES

Karmen Thum B. (Maths & Econs) USM

C) Drawing Quadrilaterals

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FORM 1 CHAPTER 1
LINES AND ANGLES

Karmen Thum B. (Maths & Econs) USM

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FORM 1 CHAPTER 1
LINES AND ANGLES

Karmen Thum B. (Maths & Econs) USM

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FORM 1 CHAPTER 1
LINES AND ANGLES

Karmen Thum B. (Maths & Econs) USM

D) Determining the Sum of Angles

of a Quadrilateral

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FORM 1 CHAPTER 1
LINES AND ANGLES

Karmen Thum B. (Maths & Econs) USM

E) Determining whether the Opposite

Angles of a Parallelogram are Equal

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FORM 1 CHAPTER 1
LINES AND ANGLES

Karmen Thum B. (Maths & Econs) USM

F) Problem Solving involving Quadrilateral

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FORM 1 CHAPTER 1
LINES AND ANGLES

Karmen Thum B. (Maths & Econs) USM

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FORM 1 CHAPTER 1
LINES AND ANGLES

Karmen Thum B. (Maths & Econs) USM

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LINES AND ANGLES

Karmen Thum B. (Maths & Econs) USM

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