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Physics Research centre, S.T. Hindu College, Nagercoil, Kanya Kumari, Tamil Nadu, India
Physics Research centre, S.T. Hindu College, Nagercoil, Kanya Kumari, Tamil Nadu, India
Abstract
The nickel sulphate doped mixed sodium chlorate and sodium bromate mixed crystal is grown by slow evaporation solution growth
technique at room temperature. The grown crystal was subjected to XRD, UV, FTIR, SEM, TG/DTA, Microhardness and SHG
analysis. Characterization studies reveal that the grown crystal forms cubic system with space group P213. The crystal possesses less
absorption in the UV-Visible region. The presence of various functional groups has been identified from FTIR studies with their
vibrating frequencies. The second harmonic generation efficiency was also determined. The mechanical property was studied by
microhardness.
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Fig: 1 Solubility curve for Na (ClO3, BrO3) mixed Fig: 2 Solubility curves for NiSO4 doped Na (ClO3, BrO3) mixed
Using the solubility data, the saturated solution of the mixed
salt of sodium chlorate and sodium bromate was prepared at
30C and stirred well for about 2 hours. Then the solution was
filtered and it was taken in a petri dish for crystallization. The
solvent evaporates and when it attains supersaturation,
nucleation starts and the crystal grows. Over a period of 1015 days, well faceted optically transparent seed crystals of
various dimensions were collected and shown in the figure.
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3. CHARACTERIZATION
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values are provided in the table. The powder XRD study was
carried out for the confirmation of values and to identify the
diffraction planes of the grown crystals. The powder XRD
patterns obtained for the nickel sulphate doped mixed crystals
are similar to that of the undoped mixed crystal with variations
(331)
2500
1000
500
(522)
(600)
(610)
(523)
(602)
(621)
(631)
(711)
(604)(720)
(730) (731)
(732)
1500
(211)
(200)
(311)
(222)
(321)
(400) (411)
(412)
(332)
Intensity in counts
2000
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Fig: 9 Powder XRD spectrum of NiSO4 doped Na (ClO3, BrO3) mixed single crystal
Table: 1 Lattice parameters of pure and doped Na(ClO3, BrO3) mixed crystals
Sample
Na(ClO3BrO3)
mixed
crystal
0.5 mol% NiSO4 doped
Na(ClO3BrO3)
mixed
crystal
a=b=c
6.716
302.96
6.697
300.42
==
(degrees)
90
90
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90
85
80
Hv in kg/mm
75
70
2.0
65
1.9
60
n = 3.6545
1.8
log P
55
50
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
load P
1.7
1.6
1.5
1.4
1.3
1.44
1.46
1.48
1.50
1.52
1.54
1.56
1.58
1.60
1.62
log d
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0.490
687.97
793.31
0.980
840.35
1200.5
Table: 3 Values of Yield Stress, First order elastic stiffness constant and work hardening coefficient and standard hardness for 100 g
Samples
Na(ClO3,
BrO3)
mixed crystal
0.5 mol% of nickel
sulphate
doped
mixed crystal
Yield Stress,
y (MPa)
Work Hardening
Coefficient, n
Standard Hardness,
A (MPa)
280.117
131439.99
3.1302
188897.44
400.167
245388.85
3.6545
211946.42
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Intensity
Assignments
3409,3113
2901
2697,2605
1913
1720
1622
1498,1408
1328,1252
1188,1114
887
670,618
505
Strong
Medium
Sharp
Sharp
Strong, sharp
Strong, sharp
Strong, sharp
Strong, sharp
Strong, sharp
Strong, sharp
Strong, sharp
Strong, sharp
O-H stretch
Ni2+ ion
Na-O stretching
Br-O stretch
Cl-O stretching
OH bending
O-Cl-O stretching vibration
O-Cl-O stretching
=Br-O bending
BrO3 rocking
ClO3 bending
torsional oscillation of ClO3
Fig: 16 SEM images for NiSO4 doped Na (ClO3, BrO3) mixed single crystal
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25.00
90.0
15.00
80.0
10.00
70.0
5.00
60.0
50.0
-5.00
TG %
0.00
DTA uV
100.0
388.8Cel
23.21uV
20.00
40.0
-10.00
30.0
-15.00
20.0
-20.00
10.0
-25.00
360.8Cel
-26.22uV
-30.00
100.0
200.0
300.0
400.0
Temp Cel
500.0
600.0
700.0
0.0
746.1Cel
-30.48uV
800.0
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4.5
5
4.0
1/2
(h , eV/mm)
(h ,eV/mm)
1/2
3.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
0
1.5
3.0
3.8
4.0
4.2
4.4
4.6
4.8
5.0
5.2
3.5
5.4
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
Table: 5 Optical transmission data for pure and doped Na (ClO3, BrO3) mixed single crystals
Samples
mixed
Na(ClO3,BrO3)
crystal
0.5 mol% of nickel
sulphate doped Na(ClO3,
BrO3) crystal
Transparency
off (nm)
305
4.073
4.073
99.8
(250-1100nm)
320
3.882
3.88
Cut-
Optical transmission
(%)
70
(350-1100nm)
Table: 6 SHG efficiency for pure and doped Na (ClO3, BrO3) mixed single crystals
Sample
SHG output mJ
Na(ClO3,BrO3) sample
11.1
11.9
1.0720
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5. CONCLUSIONS
REFERENCES
[1]
[2]
[3]
[4]
[5]
[6]
[7]
[8]
[9]
[10]
[11]
[12]
[13]
[14]
[15]
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The authors thank Dr. Peter Koshi, Scientist, XRD (NIIST) National Institute of Interdisciplinary Science and
Technology, Trivandrum, Kerala and Dr. P.Prabahara Rao,
Scientist, SEM, NIIST, Trivandrum, Kerala for their kind
help.The authors gratefully acknowledge Prof.Dr.M.Basheer
Ahamed , BSA Univ and Mr.Vincentsagayaraj St.Joseph
college, Tiruchy for their timely help.
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