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CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A. The Background of the Study
Teachers are obliged to choose any suitable teaching method, way, and
trick in order to achieve the objectives of teaching easily. Because of that the
student will be motivated and interested to learn more. Teacher who are able to
presents the material easily will be students idol. The teacher should consider
many things like teaching material, students level, classroom management and
many other aspects in applying teaching method, ways and trick. It because the
use in unappropriate technique could cause many difficulty. It proved by their
achievement in writing. The students scores of class XI Automotive 1 and 2 taken
by the researcher, it was grained that only 25% achieved Kriteria Ketuntasan
Minimal (KKM) that school determined; students should achieve score 75 in
order to accomplish English subject.
Writing is one of the language skills that should be achieved by the
learners of English. On the average, most students have difficulties in writing
even though they have learned it for many years. They did not know how to write
English correctly. There are so many factors that could influence the students
competence in writing like the language as most learners have limited practicing,
interesting and motivating. Consequently, the students become slowed down and
found more difficulties in writing.
Based on the reseacher observation, writing is not as easy as some people
think in fact. Most people writing without giving much thought on how they do it
since they assume writing is not very important. For them, writing is a question of
a little concern. So, it is a problem for the teaching writing in the classroom.
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After knowing the problem that students faced, the researcher has decided
that they have difficulties to write vocabulary and writing rules correctly.
Therefore, the researcher planned a solution in order to solve that problem. The
problem of the students, they are always feeling bored, uninterested and
unmotivated in learning English. And many students are difficult to make a good
writing especially in vocabulary, flow smooth and arrangement. So, the students
hard to write what are in their mind although students have knowed the main
point. Because of that the student needs improvement in learning writing. The
solution of that problem is by using brochure media.
Brochure which is used by the teacher has given or designed as a
stimulate for the student to interest and motivate in writing. Because of the
teacher gave brochure to the students, automatically the students should have
written procedure of the text clear ownly based on the including informations or
steps in brochure.

A. The Problems of Study

The problems of the study were formulated as follows:
1. Is there any effect of using brochure in increasing students writing
procedure text?
2. What are the students difficulties in writing procedure text by using
brochure?

B. The Scope of the Study

This research was focused on the effect of using brochure in increasing

vocational students writing procedure in SMK Markus 1 Medan. Learning with
this learning media is used to invite the students to write procedure text clearly.
The limitation is related to the effect of using brochure to the vocational students
mastery in writing procedure text. This research has been conducted at SMK
Markus Medan Jl. Kapt. Muslim No. 226 Medan.

C. The Objectives of the Study

Considering to what has formulated previously, the objectives of the study
are as follows:
1. To find out the effect of using brochure in increasing vocational students
writing mastery.
2. To know what the students difficulties in writing mastery by using
brochure.

D. The Significances of the Study

The finding of these result are expected useful to have both theoritical and
practical important in writing as a process and product, specifically the framework
of writing:
1. Theoritically, the the finding of the study is expected to master the theories
of writing.
2. Practically, the finding of the study is expected useful for:
a) Writer; by having this research, the writer can investigate the effect of
using electronic brochure in increasing vocational students writning
procedure text in SMK Markus 1 Medan.

b) Teachers; through this research, the teacher can find the effect of using
electronic brochure as teaching media in language teaching
specifically on writing procedure text.
c) Students; through this research, students can increase their motivation
and mastery of writing procedure text by using brochure as electronic
media
d) Others; this research can give them some data sources about the effect
of using electronic brochure in increasing vocational students
writning procedure text.

CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
A. Theoretical Framework
In conducting a research, theories are needed to explain some concepts in
the research concern. This is considered to convey the idea. The concepts which
are used must be clarified in order to have the same perspective of implementation
in the field. In other word, the following is considered important to discuss for
clarifying the concept used or being discussed, so that the reader will get the point
clearly.
1. Description of Effect
The term Effect can generally means anything brought a cause or agent,
the power or ability to bring about the result, influence or action on something, or
the impression produced on the mind of to observe. According to Allen and
Vallette (1991: 133) effect is defined to changes of ability that have after being
treated by using certain technique of teaching. It is usually in experimental

method and it is an approach to education research in which the relationship

between subjects or variable can be determined. After using teaching technique
the point or score of education result up than before using teaching technique or
using clasical teaching technique.

2. Writing
Writing can be regarded as a mental process which forms an idea to
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express. This idea can be a personal view of description to begin writing. Writing
is the expression of language in the form of letters, symbols, or words. People
have used many tools for writing including paint, pencils, pens, typewriters, and
computers. Nolen said that writing is an act of social communication (2007:241255). In other words, writing is how does someone express what are there in their
mind by written. And the primary purpose of writing is communication.
Writing serves as the most available and the most compelling way because
the outcome, visible language, is satisfyingly permanent record thoughts and
feeling. Boone defines writing as the communication of relatively specific ideas in
a conventional manner by means of permanent, visible marks.
From the quotations above, it can be assumed that writing is how does
someone express what are there in their mind by written. And the primary purpose
of writing is communication. The output of writing should communicate clearly
so the readers can understand the meaning of the content.
2.1. Writing Process
Writing process is the series of overlapping steps that most writers follow
in composing texts. It is an approach to writing that views it as an ongoing
experience that is more than simply sitting down to write. Brown (2000:334 &

337) stated that written product are often the result of thinking, drafting and
revising procedures that requires specialized skills. According to Harmer (2004:
4-6), writing process is the stages the writer goes through in order to produce
something in its final written form. Related to the definition, Harmer stated that
there are four elements in writing process:
planning
drafting
editing

final draft

1. Planning
Planning is the starting step to write or type, and then decide what the
writer going to say. In planning, there are three main issues.
a. Purpose, writers have to consider of their writing since this will influence
(among other things) not only the type of text produced, but also the
language used, and the information choose to include.
b. Audience, writers also think for whom they are writing for, since this will
influence not only the shape of the writing (how it is laid out, how the
paragraphs are structured, etc), but also the choice of language whether, for
example, it is formal or informal language.
c. Content structure, that is, how best to sequence the facts, ideas, or
arguments which the writers decided to include.
2. Drafting
The first version of a piece of writing refers to a draft. This first go at a
text is assumption that it will be amended later. As the writing process proceeds
into editing, a number of drafts may be produced on the final versions.
3. Editing (reflecting and revising)
Editing is the next process after drafted the content and style, and it is
ready to edit

check - for and correct - errors in grammar, punctuation, and

spelling. This element includes reflecting and revising process. Reflecting and

revising are often helped by other readers (editors) who comment and make
suggestion. It will help the author to make appropriate revisions.
4. Final version
After writers have edited their draft, making the changes the writers
consider being necessary for their final version. In final version is ready to send
the written text to its intended audience.
2.2. Genre of Writing
According to Knapp and Watkins (2005), genre is an organizing concept
for cultural practices. Genre is a based accession, function, behavior, and
interaction structures. Genre is classified according to their social purposes and
identified according to the stages they move to attain their purposes. There are
five fundamental genres of writing; describing, instructing, arguing, explaining,
and narrating.
According to Gerot and Wignell (1994: 190-219), there are several types
of genre in writing; spoof, reports, analytical exposition, news item, anecdot,
narrative, procedure, descriptive, hortotary exposition, explanation, discussion,
and review. From the various kinds of genre in writing, this study only focused on
procedure text.

2.3. The Assessment of Writing

Heaton (1988:138) says that the skills of writing include five general
components or main areas such as the following:
1. Content

: The ability to think creatively and to develop thought

including all of the relevant to assigned topics.

2. Organization

: The ability to write in appropriate manner for a particular

purpose with a particular audience in mind, together with

3. Vocabulary

ability to select, to organize and other relevant information.

: The ability to write the word effectively and to appropriate

register.
4. Language use
: The ability to write correct and appropriate sentences.
5. Mechanical skill : The ability to use correctly those conventions peculiar to
written language, e.g. punctuation, spelling.
3. Procedure Text
According to Hyland (2002: 81) A text is explicit not because it says
everything all byitself but rather because it strikes a careful balancebetween what
needs to be said and what may be assumed.The writers problem is not just being
explicit, the writers problem knowing what to be explicit about.
In procedure text the focus is on systematically explaining a logical
sequence of action or steps. First writer do this, then writer do that. Each even or
steps must be clearly and explicitly writen so that the reader can carry out the
same activity. For example the writer may include the sequence of actions to be
followed to reach a required location. Texts are usally writen in present tense and
in general terms. This enable any person to use them. This is sample of procedure
text that is suitable for vocational students:
How To Change the Ink Roll
This register comes equipped with the ink roll installed at the factory.
The ink roll releases special ink to the print head, which produces the print on the
paper. After a period of time, depending upon the amount of use, the ink in the roll
will be used up. When printout becomes faint, the ink roll needs to be replaced.
Caution:

The ink roll is not designed to be re-inked. Under no circumstances

should this be done or permanent damage to your cash register print head will
result. Such damage will not be covered under Royal's warranty.
1) Material :
a) Catric ink roll
b) Printer
2) Replace your ink roll following the instructions below:
a) Open the printer compartment by lifting the black, plastic printer
b)

cover.
The ink roll is found in the front of the printer compartment, just
behind the print head, and is mounted in a plastic cartridge. To
remove, grasp the small clip on the left of the ink roll (where the
words pull up may be printed on the ink roll cartridge) and pull up.
The ink roll will easily pull up and away from the print head.

1. Media
Media comes from the Latin media and is the plural form of medium
which literally means the intermediary or the introduction or introductory message
from sender to recipient message. Media is anything that can be used to channel
messages from the sender to the recipient.
In learning process, media could be defined as the carrier of the message
from the teacher to the students. Fleming (1987: 234) states the media serves to
set an effective relationship between the two parts; the students and content.
Media is generally defined as human being, mastery or event which builds a
certain situation allowing the student to obtain knowledge, skill, or behavior.
Media is a tool to achieve the learning objectives. Using suitable media can
support the success of the learning process. Media when used appropriately and
correctly based on curriculum, can assist and enlighten the teachers burden to
explain meaning and construction, engage students in a topic or as the basis of a

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whole activity for practical (creativity) and for motivational reasons. The high
number of sales of self-instruction English language learning media is one of the
indicators which show that learning and teaching should be conducted with the
introduction of varieties of media (Kariman, 2005).
According to Kozma (1991) states that learning media can be categorized
into five categories as follows:
1. Visual
: Images, Sketches,

illustrations,

patterns,

diagrams,

photographs, films, film strips, slides, charts, graphs

(pictorial, circles, blocks, lines), drawings, paintings,
newsletters, newspapers, magazines, posters, book (text,
reference,

library),

encyclopedia,

dictionary,

comics,

cartoons, caricatures, maps (tourist, commercial or economic,

political), globe, street directories, travel brochures, route and
timetable trains and planes, advertising, calendar, murals,
table , dioramas. This kind of media is much related to
seeing. The function is to interest students attention, to clear
2. Audio

the idea, to illustrate evidence.

: records, tapes, radio, stories, poem and drama, musical
instruments, reports, discussion. This media very focus to

3. Audio-Visual

listening.
: sound moving

4. Tactile

demonstrations, LCD, and computers.

: specimens, objects, artifact, modeling, live and stuffed

pictures,

television,

role

playing,

animals, materials that have been constructed from a model,

toys, templates, and thermometer.

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5. Virtual

: Internet, websites, e-mail, audio-video streaming, chat,

messaging, audio-video conferencing.

From the various kinds of learning media, the researcher focused on visual
learning media, especially using brochure as a teaching media.
5. Brochure
Sadiman (2007: 17) said that the function of educational media are first,
clarified the message in order to it doesnt verbal. Second, overcame limitedness
of space, time and senses. For example: the big object could be changed by realia,
picture or model and the small objects could be helped by using projector and
picture. Third, overcame passive attitude of students and the last, it could
stimulate of students and gave the same experience of students.
Brochures is one of media which can be easily obtained whenever or
wherever in the market, even on the trees along the road, on the walls and in any
instance which familiar to public relation and advertising or promotion center.
According to

Kristopson

(2005) electronic brochures work on the same

principal. They are designed to catch our visually demanding customer and
getting them to voluntarily spend three to five minutes and hopefully persuade
him or her to get to know you better.

B. Conceptual Framework
Writing is a tool of communication between writer and the reader, by
writing the writer can tell the reader about information, situation, and many
others. Writing is an effort to create a dialogue with readers. Through writing,
writer can make sense something such as experience, stories, text or events and

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many others. From writing, we can communicate each other, send a message and
give information to other people. Writing is one of language skills that must be
taught in teaching English as foreign language. Writing seems to be the most
complex and difficult one among other language skills (listening, speaking, and
reading). Dealing with this fact, there are still many students that feel difficult to
master this skill. When they are writing, students find the difficulties to express
their ideas in written way. From many genres in writing, procedure text is one of
genre that must be taught in second level of Senior High School. Especially for
automotive vocational school students they deal with so many instruction in
construct, installation, or demount things, in this case must related to vehicales.
Using brochure as learning media can help in increasing vocational
students writing mastery especially procedure text. It will be brought by the
researchers as a new media in the class to decrease students failure in writing.
Considering this reason, writer suggested brochure is an excellent media to
improve students achievement in writing procedure text.

CHAPTER III
METHOD OF RESEARCH
A. Research Design
This research was conducted at SMK Markus 1 Medan, at Jalan Kapten
Muslim. This research was focused in the eleventh grade academic year

2015-

2016, the school was chosen as the location accessible in terms of time and data
collecting process.

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The research was conducted an experimental research which consist of

two groups named experimental and control group. The experimental group is the
group that receives treatment by using simulation, while the control group is the
group that receives a different treatment or is treated by using conventional
method. The sample is divided into two groups : (1) control group and (2)
experimental group. The design can be figured out as following:
Table 3.2 The Design of Research
Group

Pre- Test

Treatment

Post- Test

Experimental

Using
conventional
method

Control

Using brochure

B. Population and Sample

The population of this research was the eleventh grade SMK MARKUS.
Which consist of two classes they are XI Auto-I and XI Auto II. XI Auto-I
consist of 20 XI Auto-II consist of 20, the total of the sample are 40 students.
Sample is a part of population that researched. The sample was taken from the
population, according to Arikunto ( 2006 : 131) Sample is representative of part
or the population study. Sample is the process of electing units (ex. People and
organization) from a population of interest so that by studying can be seen in table
3.1
Table 3.1 Population and sample in SMK Markus Medan

NO

CLASS

POPULATION

SAMPLE

1.

XI- Aut I

20

20

2.

XI- Aut II

20

20

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Total

40

Arikunto ( 2006 : 134) said ; if the number of population less than 100, it
is better to take all the population, then if number of population more than 100 the
sample can take 10-15%, 20-25%, or up. Based on this theory the researcher was
taken all of the population as the sample or total sampling technique.
C. Instrument of Research
Essay test, which was writing test. The students must answer the questions
which related to brochure. Brochure that researcher apply here is about
demounting wheels,

then students write a procedure text about demounting

wheels.

D. Technique of Data Analysis

After collecting the data from test, the data were calculated by using t-test.
The following technique were implemented to analyzed the data :
The number of master students was calculated by applying the following formula :
P = R / T x 100%
Where:
P: percentage of students whose score reaching KKM
R: number of students whose score reaching KKM
T: total number of students taking the test

To find our the mean of the students score by applying the following formula:

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= N
Where:

= the mean of the students
x = the total score
N
= the number of students

CHAPTER IV
DATA ANALYSIS

A. Data
This study was conducted by applying experimental research. There were
two groups in this research, namely experimental and control group. The
treatment was done to the experimental group, while there was no treatment given
to the control one. In other word, students in experimental group were taught by
using brochure, while student in control group were taught without using
brochure. The population in this research was the students of eleventh grade of
SMK Markus 1 Medan. The sample was taken by using cluster random sampling,
namely class XI Automotive 1, which has decided as an experimental group, and
XI Automotive 2, which was decided as a control group. The research conducted
on 27th of August and 31st of August 2015. The treatment was given to the
experimental group in two meetings after administering the pre-test. Comparing
the two both of two groups during the teaching process, students in experimental
group had better comprehension in writing procedure text than those in control
group. This was because students in experimental were taught how to write the

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text by showing brochure, while there was not any treatment given to those in
control group, so they had some difficulties in gathering idea and how to write a
procedure text well. After administering the treatment the post-test was done to
both groups to measure the students mastery in writing procedure text.
This research applied an objective test by asking the students to write a
text in form of procedure text. After the research had been conducted, the data of
students score in pre-test and post-test from both experimental and control group.
The data showed that the total score in control group of pre-test was 1365
and the post-test was 1550. In this case, the total score shown in post-test there
was improvement. It was because in the post-test the students have received basic
knowledge about procedure text. They also had experience about the topic in the
first meeting. So in the second meeting they were more ready to follow the lesson.
Moreover, the total score in experimental group of pre-test was 1368, and the
post-test was 1834. Based on the data above, it is proved that there was an effect
of using brochure in increasing vocational school students writing procedure is
higher than those taught by using conventional method.
B. Data Analysis
1. Analyzing the Data using formula as given below:
The students could be said successful in writing procedure text if they got
score 75. The number of master students was calculated by applying the following
formula:
P=R/Tx100%
Where:
P: percentage of students whose score reaching KKM

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R: number of students whose score reaching KKM

T: total number of students taking the test
After we used electronic brochure in experimental group, the score of the
students were higher than without using brochure. It shown that brochure had
impact to achieve understanding in writing procedure text. Based on the result of
the students test, the writer got the students writing score from experimental
group and control group. In experimental group, the lowest score is 60, the middle
score is 85, and the highest score is 95. In control group the lowest score is 30, the
middle score is 60 and the highest score is 75.
The percentage of the students mastery in writing procedure text by
applying brochure could be seen as follows:
Table 3.3 The Percentage of the Students Score
In Experimental Group

Percentage

Pre-test

P=9/20x100%=45%

Post-test

P=12/20x100%=60%

In Control Group

Percentage

Pre-test

P=5/20x100%=25%

Post-test

P=10/20x100%=50%

Based on the data above, it could be concluded that the effect of using
electronic brochure writing procedure text increased for vocational students,
electronic brochure helped the students to more understanding about the material
given by teacher. After that electronic brochure also made the students enjoyed the

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teaching learning activities and created a good atmosphere in the class, finally the
students gave their best ability in following the material.
Based on the data above, it could be concluded that there is an effect of
using electronic brochure in increasing vocational students writing mastery in
procedure text because brochure helped the students to understand about the
material given by the writer. Brochure gave the real example of procedure text
included the using of past tense, the text elements, etc. while in the control group
the students did not get the experience from brochure because the students taught
by conventional method.
2. Research Findings
Based on the data analysis, it was found that brochure was able to increase
the students mastery in writing procedure text. The obtaining higher score was
based on the activities designed to make the teaching process more exited, active,
and enthusiastic to follow the learning process by using brochure.

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CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION AND SUGESTION

A. CONCLUSION
Based on the data analysis and the discussions, there were some
conclusions that class XI Automative 1 as experimental group get higher and better
score than class XI Automative2. In experimental group the researcher applied
brochure during teaching learning process. So, the students get the experience
from seeing the brochure. While the control group taught by conventional method.
So, the students do not get more experience except from the explanation of the
teacher about writing descriptive text.
B. SUGGESTION
In relation to the conclusion above, suggestions are put forward as follow:
1. For vocational teacher, could use brochure as media in teaching procedure
text because this media can help teacher in solving the problem that is faced
in teaching writing especially procedure text
2. For vocational students, could use brochure as appropriate media to construct
the information from brochure given into a sentence then they can make
procedure text easily.

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