Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
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(Gemcom)
All rights reserved. Gemcom publishes this documentation for the sole use of Gemcom licensees.
Without written permission, you may not sell, reproduce, store in a retrieval system, or transmit
any part of this documentation. For such permission, or to obtain extra copies please contact your
local Gemcom office, or visit www.gemcomsoftware.com.
This software and documentation is proprietary to Gemcom and, except where expressly provided
otherwise, does not form part of any contract. Changes may be made in products or services at
any time without notice.
While every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this manual, neither the authors nor
Gemcom assumes responsibility for errors or omissions. Neither will be held liable for any damages
caused or alleged to be caused from the use of the information contained herein.
Gemcom Software International Inc., Gemcom, the Gemcom logo, combinations thereof, and
GEMS, Surpac, Minex, Whittle, Gemcom InSite, Gemcom Hub, and PCBC are trademarks of
Gemcom Software International Inc. or its wholly-owned subsidiaries.
Product
Surpac 6.2
Table of Contents
Introduction
Overview
Requirements
Document Conventions
Typographical Conventions
Keyboard Conventions
Menu Conventions
10
Mouse Conventions
10
Forms
11
Elements of Forms
12
Getting Started
Installing Surpac v6.2 from a CD
Activity: Install Surpac
Starting Surpac
Activity: Start Surpac
Licencing Surpac
13
13
13
14
14
14
14
16
16
17
Exiting Surpac
Activity: Exit Surpac
Modifying the Surpac Desktop Icon
Activity: Modify the Surpac Icon to Set the Work Directory Automatically
Switches
Surpac Concepts
17
17
18
18
19
21
Overview
21
21
22
Function-centric
22
Data-centric
22
24
Menus
Activity: Open a File Using the Menu
Toolbars
Activity: Use the Reset Graphics Button from the Toolbar
Navigator
Activity: Open a File from the Navigator
25
25
26
26
26
26
Preview Pane
Activity: Display a String File in the Preview Pane
28
28
Legend Pane
28
Graphics
29
29
Properties Pane
29
Layers Pane
30
Status Bar
30
30
30
30
31
31
35
35
36
37
38
38
38
39
41
41
43
44
44
44
46
Last value
46
Constant..
46
Application
46
46
Toggle floating
46
Toggle auto-hide
46
Close
47
Default Preferences
Task: Changing setting in Defaults Preferences
Getting Help
Field Help and Form Help
Activity: Access Field Help and Form Help
48
49
52
52
52
Online Help
54
54
55
56
57
Tutorials
Activity: Access the Tutorials Profile
Support
Activity: Find Support Office Contact Details
Software Request
Activity: Log a software request
Managing Data in Layers
59
60
61
61
62
62
65
65
Creating Layers
65
65
71
71
73
76
76
78
80
80
84
84
Types of Strings
85
Description Fields
85
Data Numbering
85
Data Ranges
85
86
String Directions
86
87
87
90
90
92
92
92
98
99
100
102
102
103
105
107
107
107
107
107
109
110
112
120
122
122
124
125
127
String Maths
128
Activity: Convert Ore Zone Interpretations from Section Coordinates to Plan (Real-World)
Coordinates
129
Activity: Move a Pit 200 Metres North to Correct Survey Station Error
132
133
139
Creating Data
140
140
Snap Mode
140
143
143
145
145
158
158
158
161
164
Triangulated Surfaces
Surface Modelling Concepts
Naming Conventions
168
168
169
DTM Conventions
169
169
170
Cleaning Data
170
Normalising Data
171
Smoothing Data
171
172
173
173
175
178
178
179
181
186
186
188
189
189
190
190
191
200
203
203
206
206
208
211
References
219
Introduction
Typographical Conventions
Introduction
Overview
This document is designed to help new or prospective users install Surpac and start using the
software. More detailed training information is available within the software and from your local
support office.
Requirements
Before proceeding with this tutorial, ensure you have the following items:
1. A copy of Surpac v6.2 for installation.
This is usually installed from a CD, but you can also download the software from the
http://www.gemcomsupport.com web site.
2. A suitable computer with a CD ROM drive.
Minimum
Recommended
Windows
XP Professional
XP Professional or Vista
RAM
512 Mbytes
1-4 Gbytes
Processor
Graphics card
Document Conventions
Typographical Conventions
Some text in this manual has special formatting to identify it as a particular element of information.
The following list describes the different formats and their meanings:
Text Format
Meaning
<Bold Italic>
Text or data that varies with each input is shown in italic font and enclosed in angle brackets.
Some examples are installation directories, dates, names and passwords. When you substitute
the text for the variable, do not include the brackets. For example: <password> requires you to
substitute a password in place of <password>.
Italics
A word or phrase to which the author wants to give emphasis. For example: you must select an
item from the list to continue.
This typeface indicates one of the following:
l
l
Bold
l
l
For example: Drag and drop the file pit1.str into graphics.
Keyboard Conventions
Key Combination
<key>+<key>
Surpac 6.2
Meaning
Press and hold down the first key, then press the second key. For example: CTRL+Z
means hold the CTRL key down, then press Z.
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Introduction
Menu Conventions
Menu Conventions
In this documentation, the following example demonstrates the syntax used for menus and
submenus:
Choose File > Open > Block model.
This means click the File menu, move the cursor over the Open command and then select Block
model on the submenu.
Mouse Conventions
Action
Description
Click
Quickly press and release the left mouse button without moving the mouse.
Right-click
Press and release the right mouse button without moving the mouse.
Double-click
Without moving the mouse, click the left button twice rapidly.
With the cursor over the object, press and hold down the left mouse button to select the
object. Move the mouse until the cursor is in the position you want and then release the
mouse button.
Drag
Press and hold down the left mouse button. Then move the mouse in the direction that
the text specifies.
Right drag
Press and hold down the right mouse button. Then move the mouse in the direction that
the text specifies.
Rotate
Use your finger to make the wheel button roll. Move it forward, that is in a clockwise
direction, or backward, that is in an anticlockwise direction.
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Introduction
Forms
Forms
Forms contain several components that you will use to provide information to Surpac:
1. Title
7. Help
2. Tab
8. Check box
3. Text box
6. Label
9. Button
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Introduction
Elements of Forms
Elements of Forms
Forms can contain the following elements:
Element
Description
1. Title
2. Tab
3. Text box
4. Combo box or
Drop-down list
5. Radio button
or Option button
6. Label
7. Help
8. Check box
9. Button
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Example
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Getting Started
Getting Started
Installing Surpac v6.2 from a CD
Activity: Install Surpac
1. Insert the CD into your computers CD-ROM drive and the installation menu will appear.
Note: If the installation menu does not appear, use Windows Explorer to navigate to
the CD and double-click Autorun.exe. You will see the following page:
2. Click Next.
3. When you are prompted to click Next, do so.
4. When you are prompted to accept the licence agreement, click Accept, and then click
Next.
Note: You must accept the terms of the license agreement or the installation will not
continue.
5. When prompted to choose an installation directory, select the default installation
directories.
Note: Although you can use the Change option to select other destination folders for
the program, it is recommended that you use the default locations.
6. When prompted to enter a product, ensure that Surpac is selected, and click Next.
7. Click Install, and then click Finish when the Finish button becomes available.
Note: There is no limit on the number of computers on which you can install Surpac. There are
certain functions which can be performed without a license (mostly opening and displaying data),
but the majority of functions (any which produce some sort of output) require a valid license.
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Getting Started
Starting Surpac
Activity: Start Surpac
Start Surpac, using either of these methods:
l
l
Licencing Surpac
The instructions below are for installing a single user licence. In order to proceed, you will need:
l
l
l
If you do not have all of these, please contact your local support office.
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Getting Started
5. Click Apply.
To review licence details, or enter a new token number:
a. Choose File > Licencing > Change/Inspect licence.
b. After reviewing or updating the licence details, click Apply.
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Getting Started
The name of the work directory is displayed in the title bar of the Surpac window.
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Getting Started
The name of the work directory is displayed in the title bar of the Surpac window.
Exiting Surpac
Activity: Exit Surpac
Exit Surpac, using either of these two methods:
l
Click the
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Getting Started
Activity: Modify the Surpac Icon to Set the Work Directory Automatically
Activity: Modify the Surpac Icon to Set the Work Directory Automatically
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Getting Started
Activity: Modify the Surpac Icon to Set the Work Directory Automatically
6. Click OK.
7. Right-click the icon you have just modified and select Rename.
Alternatively, the F2 key can be used as a shortcut.
8. Type Surpac Surveying and press ENTER.
The icon will appear with the new name:
Switches
Various switches can be added to the end of the Target line in the Desktop icon to control how
Surpac operates, for example to change the profile (screen setup with menus & toolbars) you can
add a profile as follows:
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Getting Started
Activity: Modify the Surpac Icon to Set the Work Directory Automatically
3. Click OK.
The profile switch is very useful after you have set up your own profiles.
More advanced settings to be aware of are:
Switch
Description
-lm **local**
This will start Surpac and only search for a local sentinel. (lm stands for
licence manager).
This will start Surpac and only search for a server with that ip address.
This will start Surpac and run examplemacro.tcl in the startup directory
with two variables.
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Surpac Concepts
Activity: Modify the Surpac Icon to Set the Work Directory Automatically
Surpac Concepts
Overview
In this chapter, you will learn about:
l
l
Example
Description
pit1.str
DTM
pit1.dtm
Digital Terrain Model (DTM) files are generated from .str files and can represent
surfaces or solids. A DTM surface is a set of triangles that represent a surface
such as topography or a pit design. A solid model is a set of triangles that
represents a 3D shape, such as an ore zone or an underground mine design.
Geological
database
surpac.ddb
String
Survey
database
ug_mine.sdb
Survey database (SDB) files are used to connect to relational survey databases. It
is a text file that tells Surpac which tables and fields to read from the database.
block.mdl
Plot files
pit_str.dwf
The files output from the Plotting module are in DWF format. You can open and
edit them in the Surpac plotting window or send them to a plot device such as a
Plotter.
Macros
macro.tcl
Plugins
topo2.dxf
This icon identifies a type of file that you can import directly into Surpac. For
example, you can import any file that has one of the following extensions: .dxf,
.dwg,.dgn,.dm,.shp,.dgd.
Styles file
styles.ssi
Surpac styles files contain information such as drawing styles, colour settings for
strings and DTMs, or default Surpac settings.
Block model
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Surpac Concepts
Function-centric
Function-centric
When you invoke a function first, and then specify the data you want to use, you are performing a
function centric operation.
For example, when you click the icon to Open a file
file to be opened.
You can perform nearly all operations using the function-centric approach. For non-graphical
operations, this is often the only option.
For example, to calculate volumes between two DTM surfaces, you must use the function-centric
approach, such as by selecting Cut and Fill between DTMs from the Volumes menu.
Data-centric
When you select data first, and then specify the function to be applied to the data, you are
performing a data centric operation.
For example, when you right-click a file, a popup menu is displayed. You then choose the operation
to be performed such as Open.
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Surpac Concepts
Data-centric
Many graphical operations are quicker and easier to perform using the data-centric approach.
For example, you can select data in a string file, and then right-click to display functions that Surpac
can perform on the data.
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Data-centric
Surpac 6.2
Menus
Toolbars
Navigator
Preview pane
Legend pane
Graphics
Properties pane
Layers pane
Status bar
Message window
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Menus
The menus group functions from a particular module, such as the Block Model module.
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Toolbars
A toolbar is a collection of icons that have related functions. Toolbars allow you to access commonly
used functions directly, without the need to search through the menus.
Navigator
The Navigator works like Windows Explorer. Using the Navigator, you can manage your files and
directories by creating new folders, cutting, copying, pasting, and deleting files and folders.
bench105.str is displayed.
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Preview Pane
The Preview pane displays string data without the need to load it into graphics.
Legend Pane
This is the area where you can see the legends for data in graphics.
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Graphics
Known as the graphics area, or simply graphics, this is the area where you perform most of the work
in Surpac. The graphics area is a three-dimensional work area. Any file loaded into graphics has Y, X,
and Z coordinates.
Properties Pane
This is the area where you see:
l
l
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Layers Pane
This is the area where you manage your data in layers. This is described in detail in the chapter
Managing Data in Layers.
Status Bar
The Status bar shows the coordinate position of the mouse cursor as well as the string number and
design gradient. The Status bar also shows whether a database or block model is loaded into
memory.
Message Window
The Message window shows the information, warnings, and error messages that Surpac produces
while it is executing functions.
Tip: Sometimes the message window also contains information such as coordinates of selected
points or properties of files in graphics. You can copy this information and paste it into text files or
documents.
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Multiple Viewports
You can view data in different ways using multiple viewports.
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Each viewport now displays the same view of the same data.
6. Right-click the left viewport, and then choose Viewport > Split horizontally.
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7. Right-click the right viewport, and then choose Viewport > Split horizontally.
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8. Click and drag in the top left viewport to rotate the data.
The data is shown in an oblique view.
9. Click in the bottom left viewport.
10. Click the
icon to view the data in the XZ plane.
11. Click in the top right viewport.
12. Click the
icon to view the data in the YZ plane.
Four viewports with different views of the data are displayed.
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The interface now contains a new set of menus and toolbars that cover the functionality for
processing data from a geological database.
Profiles allow you easy access to all of your customisations.
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When you open Surpac again, you can choose your profile which will reload your customised
settings for menus, toolbars and buttons and will automatically configure your workspace.
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Each menu contains commands (or menu items, which means the same thing). The commands are
located on the menu or on a submenu. For example, the Plotting menu contains the Autoplot,
Plotting window, Plotting sheet setup window and Print plot file commands, and it also contains
the Entity, Map, Process,and Plotting contours submenus. Each submenu contains more
commands.
on the right side of a menu item indicates that you can select it to display a
To see the list of menu bars and toolbars you can view, right-click in empty space on the menu bar or
in the toolbar region.
The following image indicates that the Blast design menu bar and the Main (Short) menu bar are
displayed.
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You can click on a menu bar to switch between displaying and hiding it.
You can also create your own customised menu bars or toolbars to group together the functions
that you use frequently, or to group together all the functions that you need to use to do a specific
task.
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2. To create a new menu bar, right-click on Menubars under User Menus/Toolbars and
select New from the list.
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b. Hold down CTRL and select the Pit Design, Expand segment and Expand
string folders.
c. Click Copy.
d. Select the new pit_design menu bar.
e. Click Paste.
5. Enter pit_design in the Save Profile As field.
6. Click Apply.
Note: The new pit_design menu bar floats above the Surpac window.
7. Drag the pit_design menu bar to a location where there is some space at the top of the
Surpac window.
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8. Hold down CTRL and select several of the surface design commands as shown.
9. Click Copy.
10. Select the new pit_design toolbar and click Paste.
Note: To fill in the Command field you will have to click the Ellipsis button and
navigate to a TCL file. Similarly, to fill in the Image field, you must click the Ellipsis button
and navigate to an icon file in the icons folder.
Note: The full path to the TCL command scripts folder is:
C:/Users/Public/Gemcom/Surpac/62/share/resource/scripts/toolbars/
4.
5.
6.
7.
8. Move the cursor over the icon on the right of the toolbar to see its Tool Tip.
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By clicking once to highlight a field on a form, and then right clicking, you see options to help you fill
in the form.
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Toggle floating.
Toggle auto-hide.
Close.
Toggle floating
The Toggle floating button enables you to "dock" or "undock" the pane. When the pane is docked it
is fixed to an area of the Surpac window. When it is undocked it floats so you can move it to any part
of the Surpac window. You can also dock the pane by moving it to one of the edges of the screen, or
to an existing pane.
To restore the pane to its original position, click again on the Toggle floating button or right-click on
the top part of the pane and click Floating.
Toggle auto-hide
The Toggle auto-hide button enables you to hide the pane so that you have more workspace for
other panes.
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When you click Toggle auto-hide, the pane is minimised and attached to the side of the Surpac
window. The following image shows the Properties pane attached to the side of the Surpac window.
To show the pane when it is minimised, move the cursor over the minimised pane. To restore the
pane to its original position, click Toggle auto-hide again.
Close
To close a pane, click the X button in the top right corner.
To restore a pane that you have closed, select View > Dockable windows and click on the pane that
you want to restore.
In the example below, the Tools properties pane was closed, so it is not selected as a dockable
window. By clicking on Tool properties, you can restore the pane to its original position.
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To restore the whole interface to its original state, right-click an empty area in the toolbar region, and
click Restore.
Default Preferences
The Default Preferences menu option allows you to manage user settings. You can change the
system to customise it.
Here are some useful examples:
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These are the optimal settings for Surpac BUT if there are problems with your graphics
card, try changing some of these settings.
a. Change the Processor Affinity on a dual core machine to 1 instead of all.
b. Change the graphics display driver from Open GL, some graphics cards work
better on direct 3d and give graphics problems with Open GL.
c. Change the Hidden Surface removal algorithm.
3. Customise>Default preferences>Lighting>Directional lights.
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Taking the centre of the graphics area being 0,0,0 with the screen area going -2 to 2 (x), -1
to 1 (y) and -1 to 1 being above or below the screen, setting up lights in 3 directions
ensures any surface or solid will be properly illuminated when rotated on the screen.
You can setup your own shortcut key file as above my_alias.alias and store it in the same
directory.
The file should look like this,
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shortcut in double quoted followed by white space followed by the full command name in double
quotes.
You can use an existing shortcut as well as the full command name.
If an existing shortcut is used, that last to be loaded will overwrite the function of the first ( ie.Alias 3
will overwrite alias 1 and 2), so check that you are creating a NEW shortcut.
form is to click the icon
Surpac 6.2
in the toolbar.
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Getting Help
Getting Help
There are a number of resources to assist you whether you are trying to solve a problem, to
understand how a function works, or to enter data into a form.
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Getting Help
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Getting Help
Online Help
Online help contains more detailed information than form help and field help, as well as examples
and troubleshooting assistance.
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Getting Help
2. In the table of contents, expand Modules, then Licence Manager, then Network Licence
Manager, and then Introduction.
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Getting Help
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Getting Help
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Getting Help
4. Click the topic that is ranked 1 at the top of the list, DTM Maths.
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Getting Help
Tutorials
Tutorials are designed to teach you how specific functions work within a practical, task-based
environment, by working through exercises using a specific dataset.
Surpac tutorials are available via the tutorials profile. When you install the software from the CD, the
tutorials are installed into directories under:
<installation directory>\demo_data\tutorials
where <installation directory> is the folder where Surpac is installed.
Each directory contains a tutorial in PDF format, as well as a data directory containing the files
required to perform the exercises outlined in the tutorial.
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Getting Help
To view the tutorials or run the macros for the tutorial, you must first click on the menu item to
change the directory to your chosen tutorial.
You can then either view the tutorial document as a PDF or run the macros that appear in the
tutorial.
Internet download
You can also download the complete set of tutorials.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Note: You will need log in credentials to enter the Gemcom Support site. Contact your local
support office if you do not have this information.
Tip: The information offered on this page may be more recent than those from the CD installation.
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Getting Help
Support
You can contact your local support office by phone or email.
2. Expand the Support menu item to find your local support office from the listed locations.
3. Click on the required location. Alternatively, you can click on the map of locations or
select the location from a list.
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Getting Help
The contact details are displayed. For example, the contact details of the Australian office
are as shown:
Software Request
The final type of help is where you log a software request by email.
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Getting Help
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Getting Help
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All layers in the SWA are displayed in the Layers pane, at the lower left corner of the Surpac window,
these display as shown below.
Creating Layers
By dragging a file from the Navigator to graphics, you create a new layer with the same name as the
file. You can also create a new layer using the New button on the Layer pane.
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Notice that the Layers pane now shows two layers, the main graphics layer and a new
layer called pit1.str which becomes the active layer.
This symbol
3. Drag and drop the file map1.str into graphics from the Navigator.
Notice that the Layers pane now shows three layers, and map1.str is the active layer.
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Next, you will create a circular area delineating the boundary of a waste dump, and save
the data to a separate file. As part of this process, you will create a new layer where the
data will be stored.
4. On the Layers pane, click the
button.
5. Enter the information as shown, and then click Apply.
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3. Hold the CTRL key down, then drag and drop the file map1.str into graphics from the
Navigator.
After releasing the mouse, notice that the Layers pane still only shows one layer, the
main graphics layer.
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Next, you will save the data from both files to a new file.
4. Choose File > Save > String/DTM file.
5. Enter the information as shown, and then click Apply.
The file map_and_pit.str contains all data from pit1.str as well as all data from map1.str.
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Notice that by setting String Range to 2, only string 2 from pit1.str is opened in the main
graphics layer.
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Notice that by setting String Range to 2;12;52, only those strings have been opened.
Also, because Replace current data was not selected, the data is appended to the main
graphics layer.
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The file pit_and_buildings.str now contains string 2 from pit1.str as well as string 2, string
12, and string 52 from map1.str.
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However, the contents of the map1.str layer have been replaced by the data in the file
pit1.str:
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Notice that all the data in pit1.str is open in the main graphics layer.
Surpac 6.2
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Notice that all data in the main graphics layer is replaced by the data in map1.str.
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13. Drag and drop ore_pit_topo.swa into graphics from the Navigator.
Notice that you have restored the layers in the Layers pane, as well as the lighting settings
and the view direction.
Note: SWA files are text files which store information about other files. If you want to
open a SWA file on another computer, you must ensure that the files that the SWA file
references are available using the same directory structure.
14. Choose View > Surface view options > Lighting options.
15. Enter the following information, and then click Apply.
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Strings
Strings
The most common file format used for storing information in Surpac is a string file. A string file
contains coordinate information for one or more points, as well as optional descriptive information
for each point. It is important to understand how Surpac organises and uses data stored within a
string file; this will enable you to work more efficiently with strings.
Points.
Segments.
Strings.
All points in a string file are grouped into segments, which are further grouped into strings.
The example below shows conceptually how a string file contains strings, which contain segments,
which contain points.
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Strings
Types of Strings
There are three types of strings:
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Open.
Closed.
Spot Height.
Surpac Term
Common Term
Example
Open string
Line
Closed string
Polygon
Property boundary
Description Fields
Points, strings, and segments can have one or more pieces of descriptive information associated
with them. This information is stored in a description field. Description fields are named according to
the order they appear. Description fields are named in the format D<incremental number>, such as
D1,D2,D3.
For example, a closed segment representing an ore zone could have the gold grade, silver grade, and
specific gravity stored in separate description fields. If the information is stored in that order, they
could be assigned as follows:
D1: gold grade
D2: silver grade
D3: specific gravity
Data Numbering
Strings, segments, and points are identified by unique numbers. You can assign string numbers to
represent particular features, such as string 1 for toes in a pit, string 2 for crests, and string 99 for
spot heights. Surpac automatically assigns segment numbers and point numbers.
Data Ranges
You can use a range to refer to groups of data numbers, such as strings, segments, and points.
The comma ( , ) is used for a range which includes a start, an end, and optionally an increment. You
use the following format to specify such a range in Surpac:
<start>,<end>,<increment>
Note: When the increment is 1, you can use <start>,<end> without specifying the increment.
The semicolon ( ; ) is used to identify unique values, or to separate multiple comma ranges.
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Strings
Range
Description
12345678
1,8
1357
1,7,2
from 1 to 7, at an increment of 2
2000,2400,200
16
1;6
1 and 6
269
2;6;9
2 and 6 and 9
234569
2,6;9
25 50 60 70 80 90
25;50,90,10
3 6 9 12 15 20 30
3,15,3;20;30
5 10 15 20 40 50 60
5,20,5;40,60,10
Description
Required?
Location
Required
ID
Numbers only
Optional
Extension
Always .str
Required
Location
pit.str
pit
ID
Extension
bench105.str
bench
2007design.str
2007design
2007design2.str
2007design
.str
grade_control135.str
grade_control
135
.str
dhcomp2_50.str
dhcomp2_
50
.str
level-300.str
level
-300
.str
.str
105
.str
.str
Spaces in file names are not recommended. In some situations, Surpac may not work correctly when
you are using a file that has a space in the file name.
You can use ranges to refer to the ID of filenames. For example, you can refer to the files:
geo130.str, geo140.str, geo150.str, geo160.str, geo170.str
using the following syntax:
Location: geoID: 130,170,10
String Directions
When you view closed strings in the XY plane, the points have an order that is either clockwise or
anticlockwise. This direction is important when calculating areas and volumes.
l
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Strings
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Strings
The data in this file represents a horizontal view, also known as a plan view, of a pit
design, the survey stations, and the geology for one level in a pit.
The data is organised as follows.
String number
Segment
number
Data
Type
D1
D2
D3
Closed
Gold (g/t)
Silver (g/t)
SG
Closed
Gold (g/t)
Silver (g/t)
SG
Closed
Gold (g/t)
Silver (g/t)
SG
Footwall trace
Open
footwall
Hangingwall trace
Open
hangingwall
30005
30005
Closed
30008
30008
Survey stations
Spot height
Station name
Notice that the order of points for string 1 is clockwise in the XY plane.
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Strings
Note: To see all of the steps performed in this task, run 01a_viewing_string_data.tcl. You will need
to click Apply on any forms presented.
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Strings
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Surpac 6.2
The first line is known as the header record, and contains these items: file
name, date modified, purpose (which is empty in this example), styles file.
The second line contains the axis record, This is a two-point line used in
some sectioning functions. For many string files this is not required; when it
is not required, values of zero are used for all coordinates. The Y, X, and Z
values of each of the two end points of the axis are stored in the following
order:
The third line is the start of string data, and is stored as String number, Y, X,
Z, D1, D2, D3, D100.
A null record indicates the end of a segment.
String 1 is closed, because the first point and the last point are the same.
When the file was created, the following values were chosen: D1 = gold (g/t),
D2 = silver (g/t), and D3 = SG. String 1 outlines an area of low grade ore with:
l a gold value of 1.23 grams/tonne.
l a silver value of 14.23 grams/tonne.
l a specific gravity of 2.7.
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Strings
String 8 is open, since the first and last points are different.
l String 8 consists of two segments.
l String 30005 is closed, since the first and last points are the same.
l String 30008 is a spot height string with the survey station name in the D1
field.
3. Exit the editor without saving any changes.
Note: Manually editing string files is not recommended. If the format becomes
corrupted, Surpac may not work correctly when using the file.
l
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The points have been classified into four levels of concentration, each represented by a
separate string.
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A point whose arsenic concentration is 350 parts per million (ppm), for example, forms
part of string 3.
In this task, you will display the strings as spot heights to show the areas that have the
highest concentration of arsenic.
2. Click the Legend tab to show the Legend pane.
3. In the Legend pane, click on the "+" sign next to Strings under the file samp_
classified.str.
The legend shows that string 1 is black, string 2 is blue, string 3 is blue-green, and string 4
is green.
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Specifically, do the following steps for each of the Custom Styles rows 1 to 4:
a. Type marker,d1 in the Drawing Method cell.
Note: marker,d1 instructs Surpac to draw a marker for each point, using
the d1 field as a label.
b. Select the line colour by clicking the line in the line cell and selecting
Properties.
c. Click Edit.
d. Select the colour blue, green, orange and red for each of the four rows
respectively.
Note: You can use any of the four colour tabs shown below to select the
colour of the markers and the d1 field labels.
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This tab
Swatches
HSB
RGB
Crayola
selecting the name of the colour from a standard list of colour names.
1
2
3
4
g. Click in the Text cell, select Properties, and then enter oru for the Units and
8.5 for the Size.
h. Click Apply.
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With object relative units (oru), the size of the text is set to the same units as
the object. In our example, the text size for range 1 is set to 8.5 oru. The text
size will be equivalent to an object that is 8.5 metres high and so will appear
larger when you zoom in and smaller when you zoom out.
Note: For more information on choosing text sizes, see the Online
Reference Manual.
6. Click the check box in the lower left part of the form and in the Filename text box, type
ssi_styles:marker.ssi.
7. Click Apply.
The styles are now stored in the file marker.ssi in the styles directory.
The Set Drawing Styles form will now look like the following.
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A sample of the points is displayed below. By looking at the colours, you can quickly see
the areas of lowest arsenic concentration (blue), intermediate concentration (green and
orange) and highest concentration (red).
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4. Select any four points by holding down the CTRL key and clicking on the points.
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Note: If you want to see all of the steps performed in this task, run 02b_view_point_
properties.tcl. You will need to click Apply on any forms presented.
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Note: If you want to see all of the steps performed in this task, run 02c_view_segment_
properties.tcl. You will need to click Apply on any forms presented.
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Saving Data
There are two ways to save a file: text or binary.
In most cases you will save strings as text files. However, if the text string files are very large (more
than 5 MB), it may be worth saving them as binary files to reduce the time it takes to load the data
into graphics.
Typically, you can expect a saving of up to 15% in the size of the string file and up to 30% in the time
to load the data into graphics.
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The Save function saves the contents of the active layer to a file.
Tip: An alternative method to show the Save File form is to click the icon
toolbar.
in the
Note: To see all of the steps performed in this task, run 02e_saving_data.tcl. You will need to click
Apply on any forms presented.
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With Strings, there are the options to display them just as lines or with string and/or segment
numbers.
Points can be displayed as just markers, point number from the string file or one of the attributes
stored in the description fields.
Data that is hidden using the Display functions is only removed from view, not removed from
memory.
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Editing Data
Editing Data
Orbit Mode
Orbit mode is the default graphics mode, where you can rotate data in three dimensions. When you
are using the orbit tool, Surpac operates in function-centric mode.
Selection Modes
There are several ways of selecting data:
l
Select mode.
Point/Triangle mode.
Segment/Trisolation mode.
String/Object mode.
Box selection.
When any of theses selection tools are used, Surpac will operate in data centric mode.
on the
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Editing Data
The Select tool icon, now displays the Point/Triangle selection mode:
3. Click the Select tool icon
).
again.
again.
.
, click the Box selection icon
.
.
Notice that the Tools toolbar now displays Select selection mode:
.
9. Right-click anywhere in the Graphics Viewport to display a popup menu.
10. At the bottom of the popup menu, click the Orbit view tool icon.
Notice that the Tools toolbar now displays Orbit view mode:
11. From the Tools toolbar, click the Select tool icon
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Editing Data
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Editing Data
7. Hold down the CTRL key, and then click the points as shown.
8. Click DELETE.
The points are deleted.
2. Hold down the CTRL key, and then click the segments as shown.
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Editing Data
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Editing Data
It is not necessary to display point numbers. This is only done here to clearly identify
points which you will select in the following steps.
3. From the Selection drop-down menu on the Tools toolbar, click Select.
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Editing Data
7. Click at a location between the two points on the segment to be deleted, as shown.
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Editing Data
9. Hold the CTRL key down, and select two points to be joined (105 and 216).
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Editing Data
Note: If two segments of different string numbers are connected, the string number of
the first point selected is used for the result. In the preceding example, if point 105 is
selected first, then the resulting string number will be 1. If point 216 was selected first, the
resulting string number will be 2.
10. Right-click and select Connect points from the popup menu.
11. Hold the CTRL key down, and select two points to be joined (130 and 25).
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Editing Data
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Editing Data
13. Repeat steps 4 to 12 for other locations, until the final result is as shown.
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Editing Data
Next, you will use the select tool to select and renumber all segments of string 2 to string
1.
16. Click at a location between two points on a segment that you will renumber.
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Editing Data
17. Right-click and choose Select strings from the popup menu.
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Editing Data
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Editing Data
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Editing Data
4. Hold the CTRL key down and click the two points as shown.
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Editing Data
After
Notice that the status bar displays coordinate values as well as the movement.
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Editing Data
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Editing Data
Notice that only the X and Z values in the status bar change as you move the segment.
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Editing Data
5. From the Selection drop-down menu on the Tools toolbar, click Select String/Object.
7. Right-click and then select the Move Tool from the popup menu.
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Editing Data
8. Click inside the yellow square at the intersection of the three axes and move the string as
shown.
Notice that all three coordinates in the status bar change as you move the string.
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Editing Data
String Maths
String maths allows you to manipulate string file data mathematically.
Some of the uses of this function are:
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Next, you will convert some geological ore zone interpretations from section coordinates to plan
(real-world) coordinates.
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Editing Data
Activity: Convert Ore Zone Interpretations from Section Coordinates to Plan (Real-World) Coordinates
Activity: Convert Ore Zone Interpretations from Section Coordinates to Plan (RealWorld) Coordinates
1.
2.
3.
4.
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Editing Data
Activity: Convert Ore Zone Interpretations from Section Coordinates to Plan (Real-World) Coordinates
Next, you will convert this data to plan view, also known as real world coordinates.
5. Choose File tools > String maths.
6. Enter the information as shown, and then click Apply.
7.
8.
9.
10.
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Editing Data
Activity: Convert Ore Zone Interpretations from Section Coordinates to Plan (Real-World) Coordinates
Note: To see all of the steps performed in this task, run 05a_string_maths1.tcl. You will need to
click Apply on any forms presented.
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Editing Data
Activity: Move a Pit 200 Metres North to Correct Survey Station Error
Activity: Move a Pit 200 Metres North to Correct Survey Station Error
1.
2.
3.
4.
5. Open the files pit_new.str and pit_design1.str in graphics and move the images around
to see the difference between them.
The original pit is displayed next to a new repositioned pit.
Note: To see all of the steps performed in this task, run 05b_string_maths2.tcl. You will need to
click Apply on any forms presented.
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Editing Data
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Editing Data
7. From the Navigator, right click kbb_new135.str, and then select Edit.
The file opens in your text editor.
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Editing Data
Notice that a new column has been added to the existing D1 and D2 columns. This is the
D3 field that stores the cut off grade from the above process.
8. Drag and drop kbb_new135.str into graphics.
9. Choose Display > Point > Attributes.
10. Enter the information as shown, and then click Apply.
The D3 values for each point are displayed in each cell, as given below.
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Editing Data
Notice that some of the values have 2 or 3 decimal places while others don't have any.
Next, you will standardise the number of decimal places to two.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16. When the following prompt is displayed, click Apply ,and then click Yes on the next
prompt.
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Editing Data
17. From the Navigator, right click kbb_new135.str, and then select Edit.
The file opens in your text editor.
Notice that a fourth column has been added to the existing D1, D2 and D3 columns. This
is the D4 field that stores the formatted value of D3 field, from the above process.
The next part of the task demonstrates how to concatenate / attach text to existing
descriptive field values in the string files.
18. Exit the editor without saving any changes.
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Editing Data
22. When the following prompt is displayed, click Apply , and then click Yes on the next
prompt.
23. From the Navigator, right click kbb_new135.str, and then select Edit.
The file opens in your text editor.
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Editing Data
Notice that a fifth column has been added to the existing D1 to D4 columns. This is the D5
field and it stores a D1 field value along with the text "Au g/t" added to it.
24. Exit the editor without saving any changes.
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Creating Data
Creating Data
Overview
In this chapter you will learn about:
l
Snap Mode
When you are creating new data, it is important to know which point mode is activated.
The following example shows a string consisting of two points, to which a third is added using the
three different mode settings.
The default is ADD Mode, as ticked above, any new points created will be added after the last point.
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Creating Data
INSERT mode should be ticked for inserting between existing points. Here the new point is inserted
as point 2, and point 2 is renumbered to 3.
POINT Mode can be used while editing. In this case the coordinated of point 2 are changed to the
new point coordinates.
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Creating Data
On the STATUS Bar, you can set the design string number, and Design Gradient.
You can set the gradient as a ratio, percentage or angle, and this will determine the RL of the points
you create subsequently.
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Creating Data
5. Create additional points using Create>Points>By bearing, using a bearing of 300deg. & a
distance of 100m.
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Creating Data
6. Change the point mode to INSERT, to create a start point for cross-cuts coming off the
decline, using Create>Points>In line between adjacent points.
7. Set a new Design string (string 501) and set the Gradient to 1 in 50.
8. First digitise the point just created on the decline.
This is what the above decline looks like in three views, Plan, Section and Long Section.
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Creating Data
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Creating Data
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Creating Data
8. Click three points at the northern end of the segment as shown, to create points 4, 5, and
6.
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Creating Data
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Creating Data
Note: When you create closed segments in the XY plane (plan view), you will usually
create them in a clockwise direction. Clockwise segments are regarded as an area of
inclusion, and give expected results when you intersect them with other clockwise
segments.
13. Choose File > Save > string/DTM.
14. Enter the information as shown, and then click Apply.
15.
16.
17.
18.
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Creating Data
Next, you will delete some points to make the outline more convex.
19. Set the selection mode to Select Point/Triangle.
20. Hold the CTRL key down and click several points as shown.
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Creating Data
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Creating Data
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Creating Data
The Design string button displays the current design string number
Next, you will expand the segment horizontally by a distance of 100. At an angle of 45
degrees, this will create a pit crest 100 meters above the base, at an elevation of 250.
26. Choose Edit > Segment > Expand/Contract.
27. Click anywhere in graphics to select the segment for expanding.
28. Enter the information as shown, and then click Apply.
30. Hold down the right mouse key and drag down or to the left to zoom out.
31. Choose Display > 2D Grid.
32. Enter the information as shown, and then click Apply.
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Creating Data
This procedure can be useful for determining the limits of a block model. Next, you will
create a DTM from this data.
33. Choose Surfaces > Create DTM from Layer.
34. Enter the information as shown, and then click Apply.
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Creating Data
35. If you see a break line error and some lines that cross in the pit crest, delete some points
where the lines cross:
36. Choose Surfaces > Create DTM from Layer, and then click Apply.
37. Choose Display > 3D Grid.
38. Enter the information as shown, and then click Apply.
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Creating Data
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Creating Data
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Transforming data
Transforming data
2D Transformations
2D transformations are useful when you have to transform coordinates from one coordinate system
to another, for example from the Map Grid of Australia (MGA) system to a local mine grid. The
example demonstrated here is the transformation of an open pit file into the Australian national
coordinate system.
Another example of where you might want to use 2D transformations is where survey data has been
entered using an incorrect backsight. You can then correct the data by transforming the coordinate
system onto the backsight that was originally used.
The function is also useful for transforming oblique sections that have been taken through a DTM or
string file using an axis. In this case, the resulting section string files have coordinates relating to the
axis used. You can transform them back to real-world coordinates using the 2D Transformation
function.
In the following task you will transform pit_as_built1.dtm into the MGA zone 50 using 2D
transformation.
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Transforming data
Notes:
Old points are the coordinates in the mine coordinate system. New points
are the coordinates in the national coordinate system.
l You have entered a Z correction of -950 here because the mine grid is +950
metres adjusted from the national grid.
7. Verify that the transformation parameters are correct.
l
If the grids are plane metric grids, the scale factor should be 1.000, or very near 1.000. Any
variation represents an error.
Note: By default the rotation is displayed in DDD.MMSS format.
Shift Y is the difference between Y1 (old) and Y1 (new) as entered on the first form.
Shift X is the difference in easting between X1 (old) and X1 (new).
In other words, the shifts are the difference in northing and easting between the
coordinates of the first point in the two systems.
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Transforming data
Note:
Old pointsare the coordinates in the mine coordinate system; New points
are the coordinates in the national coordinate system.
l You have entered a Z correction of -950 here because the mine grid is +950
metres adjusted from the national grid.
11. Verify that the transformation parameters are correct.
l
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Transforming data
Note: To see all of the steps performed in this task, run 05f_2d_transform.tcl. You will need to
click Apply on any forms presented.
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Transforming data
6. Use the following table to identify the way that the file is being transformed.
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Transforming data
7.
8.
9.
10.
TM Map
Datum
Spheroid
Datum
False
Easting
The adjustment made to the map coordinates so that they are always positive.
False
Northing
The adjustment made to the map coordinates so that they are always positive.
Central
Scale
Factor
The scale factor at the central meridian of the projection. Most transverse mercator
projections bisect the earth along two meridians with a zone width of six degrees, making
the Central Scale Factor 6.
Zone
width
Zone 1 CM
The longitude of the central meridian for zone 1. The Universal Transverse Mercator series
of projections are 60 zones of six degree width starting at 180 degrees. So the first zone is
from 180 degrees to 174 degrees, with a central meridian in the zone at 177 degrees.
Lon/Lat
units
The unit type for the measure of latitude and longitude held in the string file.
Coordinate
convention
The sign convention used to handle coordinates for latitude and longitude that are South of
the equator and West of the Greenwich meridian.
Input
fields
The description fields that currently hold the values for latitude and longitude.
Output
fields
The description fields that the transformed coordinates for latitude and longitude are
written to.
Click Apply.
Open tm_fiducialnetwork_withll.str.
Choose Display > 2D Grid.
Enter the information as shown, and then click Apply.
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Transforming data
Note: If these values are written to the X and Y fields, truncation of the data (at the
three decimal place limit for these fields) will corrupt the precision of the latitude and
longitude if the file is saved in a text format. If a file is saved in binary format the precision
is not lost if latitude and longitude are written to the X and Y fields. However, for data
security it is best to write these values to the description fields.
Note: To see all of the steps performed in this task, run 05j_tm_to_latlong.tcl. You will
need to click Apply on any forms presented.
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Transforming data
6. Use the following table to identify the way that the file is being transformed.
TM Map
Datum
Spheroid
Datum
False
Easting
The adjustment made to the map coordinates so that they are always positive.
False
Northing
The adjustment made to the map coordinates so that they are always positive.
Central
Scale
Factor
The scale factor at the central meridian of the projection. Most transeverse mercator
projections bisect the earth along two meridians with a zone width of six degrees, making
the Central Scale Factor 6.
Zone
width
Zone 1 CM
The longitude of the central meridian for zone 1. The Universal Transverse Mercator series
of projections are 60 zones of six degree width starting at 180 degrees. So the first zone is
from 180 degrees to 174 degrees, with a central meridian in the zone at 177 degrees.
Lon/Lat
units
The unit type for the measure of latitude and longitude held in the string file.
Coordinate
convention
The sign convention used to handle coordiantes for latitude and longitude that are South of
the equator and West of the Greenwich meridian.
Input
fields
The description fields that currently hold the values for latitude and longitude.
Output
fields
The description fields that the transformed coordinates for latitude and longitude are
written to.
7. Click Apply.
8. Choose File tools > String Maths.
Surpac 6.2
Surveying
Transforming data
10.
11.
12.
13.
Surpac 6.2
Reset Graphics .
Open transformed_to_tm_1.str.
Choose Display > 2D Grid.
Enter the information as shown, and then click Apply.
Surveying
Transforming data
Note: To see all of the steps performed in this task, run 05k_latlong_to_tm.tcl. You will
need to click Apply on any forms presented.
Surpac 6.2
Surveying
Triangulated Surfaces
Triangulated Surfaces
Surpac supports two types of triangulated surfaces: DTM surfaces and three-dimensional solid
models (3DMs). A DTM surface is a set of triangles which represent a surface, such as topography or
a pit design. A solid model is a set of triangles which represents a three-dimensional shape, such as
an ore zone or an underground mine design.
Surfaces are used in Surpac for such things as 3D visualization and for calculating volumes. Almost
any surface can be modelled as a DTM, including natural topography, lithological contacts,
bedrock/overburden contact, or water tables.
DTMs are made of triangles, with each point of each triangle matched to a point in the original string
file. Consequently DTM files are not valid without the original string files.That is, a DTM file cannot be
opened if the original string file of the same name is not accessible.
DTMs cannot fold back on themselves. That is, a DTM cannot have multiple Z values for a given X, Y
coordinate. It is not possible to model overhanging or vertical surfaces with a DTM surface.
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Triangulated Surfaces
Naming Conventions
Naming Conventions
The objects you create in Surpac are numbered by a system similar to that of string and string
segment numbers:
String
=>
Object
Segment
=>
Trisolation
Point
=>
Triangle
When you define an object, you explicitly assign it both an object number and a trisolation number.
Surpac refers to the object by the object and trisolation number that you assigned. The object
number must be an integer in the range of 1 to 32000. The trisolation number must be a positive
integer.
DTM Conventions
l
l
This chapter describes using strings to act as break lines. A breakline string is a string that represents
physical features you can see in the real world, such as a crest of a pit, a fault in a geological model, or
a contour in a pit. Spot height strings contain random points which, when connected by a string line,
do not represent any physical feature. Examples are randomly surveyed points, or borehole collars.
Spot height strings contain points which represent non-linear or point features, such as hill peaks,
surface low points, gridded points, borehole collars etc. The lines connecting the points in the spot
height string in graphics do not infer a physical line.
Surpac 6.2
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Triangulated Surfaces
It can be useful with files that are generated with a huge number of points, such as CMS pickups, to
have Surpac automatically reduce duplicate points within a trap distance.
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Triangulated Surfaces
Normalising Data
Another useful function when preparing files for triangulation is the Edit>Segment>Normalise
segments function:
In situations that might cause Geometry problems where there are not enough points for Surpac to
correctly form triangles, extra points are inserted along a line.
Smoothing Data
Another method of increasing the number of points defining a shape is to use the
Edit>String>Smooth function. This increases the number of points in a string without necessarily
retaining the original points as you can see from the following example.
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Triangulated Surfaces
It must be stressed, however, that any smoothing technique generates new data points
mathematically, and these may not exactly honour the original data as do the original strings.
Graphical vs File-based options
A DTM can be created in two ways to best suit the data you wish to model.
Graphical DTM operations allow you to view your results immediately. However, for large data files,
the processing time may be prohibitive. The file-based tools allow you to perform DTM operations
directly on the file data, saving both memory usage and creation time.
For example, to create a DTM graphically, you would use:
Surpac 6.2
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Triangulated Surfaces
Surpac 6.2
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Triangulated Surfaces
The string file contours and the DTM of the topography are displayed.
4. Choose File > Save > string/DTM file to save the DTM file.
5. Enter the information as shown, and then click Apply.
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Triangulated Surfaces
6. Click Yes.
Note: To see all of the steps performed in this task, run 03a_create_dtm_graphics.tcl. You will
need to click Apply on any forms presented.
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Note: This time the Strings to act as break lines check box is not ticked.
3. Open pit_design1.dtm.
Notice that there are several triangles in the DTM that do not reflect the results we desire.
You will now repeat the procedure, but using the Strings to act as breaklines option.
4. Choose Surfaces > DTM File functions > Create DTM from string file.
This time ensure that the Strings to act as break lines check box is selected.
5. Enter the information as shown, and then click Apply.
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Triangulated Surfaces
The message window informs you of the processing as the DTM is created. When
processing is finished, a new window displays a log file, which is a report containing
information about your DTM.
6. Close the log file window.
The DTM file is saved automatically as pit_design1.dtm.
7. Open pit_design1.dtm.
The pit is displayed.
Surpac 6.2
Surveying
Triangulated Surfaces
Note: To see all of the steps performed in this task, run 03b_create_dtm_file_based.tcl. You will
need to click Apply on any forms presented.
Surpac 6.2
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Triangulated Surfaces
2. Select Display > Strings > With String Numbers, fill in the form as shown below and click
Apply.
3. Open dhc2.dtm.
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4. Right-click to the right of the menus, move the cursor to Toolbars, and then click Scale
and transparency.
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Note: String 2 of pit1.str is used as the boundary string for the volume calculation.
4. Open dhc2.dtm.
The DTMs are displayed as shown.
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12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
Close pit2.not.
Reset Graphics.
Open bdyres.str.
Choose Display > Point > Attributes.
Enter the information as shown, and then click Apply.
Surveying
Triangulated Surfaces
Note: To see all of the steps performed in this task, run 05i_calculate_volume_between_
2dtms.tcl. You will need to click Apply on any forms presented.
There are two methods of creating the boundary string in Surpac: a file-based method and a
graphics-based method. In the file-based method, there is no need to display the DTMs and the
boundary string is automatically saved to the nominated file. In the graphics-based method, the
DTMs must be displayed in graphics and the boundary string is not automatically saved but is simply
displayed in its own graphics layer. You must save your boundary string to a file after it is generated.
Surveying
Triangulated Surfaces
3. Choose Surfaces > DTM File functions > Line of intersection between two DTMs.
4. Enter the information as shown, and then click Apply.
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This outputs the same result as the file-based function, but you can select the fields
graphically. In the graphics-based method, you must save the string in the intersection
layer to a string file.
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Triangulated Surfaces
3. Open cfill_volume.not.
The report is displayed.
Note: To see all of the steps performed in this task, run 03c_cut_and_fill_volume.tcl.You will need
to click Apply on any forms presented.
Solids
Activity: View a Solid Model
1. Drag and drop solid_model.dtm into graphics.
The solid is displayed.
Surpac 6.2
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Triangulated Surfaces
2. Use the cursor to view the ore body from different angles.
Notice that the 3DM or solid is a closed shape that represents a closed structure.
Surpac 6.2
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Triangulated Surfaces
Note: Triangulation will occur using segment numbers. This means that segment 1 will
triangulate to segment 2, segment 2 will triangulate to segment 3, and so on.
4. Choose View > Zoom > Out.
5. Click Box Select Points
on the Tools toolbar.
6. Click and drag a box that contains all of the segments.
7. Right-click in graphics and choose Select segments.
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Surpac 6.2
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Triangulated Surfaces
9. Hold the ALT key down, then click and drag in graphics to rotate the data to the view
shown below.
Notice that the solid is not closed.
10. Move the cursor near the end segment and click so that one point is selected.
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Triangulated Surfaces
Surpac 6.2
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Triangulated Surfaces
13. Hold the ALT key down, then click and drag in graphics to rotate the data to expose the
other end of the object.
Surpac 6.2
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Triangulated Surfaces
14. Move the cursor near the end segment and click so that one point is selected.
Surpac 6.2
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Triangulated Surfaces
Surpac 6.2
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Triangulated Surfaces
Surpac 6.2
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Triangulated Surfaces
Note: To see all of the steps performed in this task, run 04a_create_and_validate_solid.tcl. You
will need to click Apply on any forms presented.
Surpac 6.2
Surveying
Triangulated Surfaces
Surpac 6.2
Surveying
Triangulated Surfaces
Note: To see all of the steps performed in this task, run 04b_solid_volume.tcl. You will need to
click Apply on any forms presented.
Surpac 6.2
Surveying
Autoplot is a module that produces plot files from information displayed in graphics.
The Advanced plotting module allows you to produce more complex plots or batch
plots.
5. On the following form, enter the title block text, and then click Apply.
Surpac 6.2
Surveying
A box representing the page size appears around the data in graphics.
Surpac 6.2
Surveying
The plot is displayed in the plot preview window. You can now edit or add information to
the plot using the Edit and Create menus.
Note: To see all of the steps performed in this task, run 06c_plotting_with_autoplot.tcl. You will
need to click Apply on any forms presented.
Surpac 6.2
Surveying
3. When you are prompted for the database type, select access, and then click Apply.
Surpac 6.2
Surveying
4. Click Apply on the Choose optional tables for new database form.
You can use the options on this form to instruct Surpac to perform stability monitoring
on the database. In this case you will not perform prism monitoring so the form is left
blank.
Surpac 6.2
Surveying
5. On the Define all fields for all tables form, click the styles tab, identify the mandatory
fields and the null column, and then click Apply.
Note: To perform the steps in this task, run 07a_create_survey_db.tcl. You will need to
click Apply on any forms presented. Not all forms will be presented when running this
macro. If you already have a survey database called pit_survey_db, rename or delete it
before running the macro.
Surpac 6.2
Surveying
7. The stations are loaded to the database and a .not file is created.
8. Open pit_as_built.str.
9. Choose Survey > Stations > Display stations from database.
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Surpac 6.2
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6. Enter the information as shown, and then click the Horizontal angles tab.
Surpac 6.2
Surveying
The format for the Face leftBacksight and Foresight angles is in degrees.minutesseconds
with the minutes in the first two decimal positions and the seconds in the third and
fourth decimal positions.
If the Right face row does not appear on your form, hover the cursor over the Left face
text and right click, then select Add from the shortcut menu. If you were entering data
from an observations with multiple left and right faces you would continue to add rows in
this way.
8. Click the Mean iteration angle button.
The angles are calculated and displayed.
Surpac 6.2
Surveying
The format for the Observed angles is the same as for the horizontal angles,
degrees.minutesseconds. If the Face right row does not appear it can be added in the
same manner as on the horizontal angles tab, by right clicking on the Face left text and
selecting Add.
Note: Reverse vertical angles can be used in your survey, you might want to do this to
cancel atmospherics.
11. Click the Mean forward angle button.
The angles are calculated and displayed.
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References
References
For more information, go to Gemcom's Customer Support website: www.gemcomsupport.com
Surpac 6.2
Surveying