Parvinder Bhardwaj +966-567599367

PRACTICE QUESTIONS 2016

GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
(vi)
(vii)

All questions are compulsory.

Q. no. 1 to 5 are very short answer questions and carry 1 mark each.
Q. no. 6 to 10 are short answer questions and carry 2 marks each.
Q. no. 11 to 17 are also short answer questions and carry 3 marks each.
Q. no. 18 is a value based question and carries 4 marks.
Q. no. 19 and 20 are long answer questions and carry 5 marks each.
Use log tables if necessary, use of calculators is not allowed.

OR
Two straight lines drawn on the same displacementtime graph make angles 30 and 60 with time axis,
as shown in figure. Which line represents greater
velocity? What is the ratio of the two velocities?

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1. What is the advantage in choosing the wavelength

of a light radiation as a standard of length?
2. Why does a tennis ball bounce higher on hills than
on plains?
3. If the kinetic energy of a satellite revolving around the
Earth in any orbit is doubled, what will happen to it?
4. How much height can a 60 kg man climb by using
the energy from a slice of bread which produces
100,000 cal? Assume that the efficiency of human
body is 28%?
5. The second overtone of an open pipe has the same
frequency as the first overtone of a closed pipe 2 m
long. Calculate the length of the open pipe.
6. A block of mass m moving at a speed v0 compresses
a spring through a distance x before its speed is
halved. Find the spring constant of the spring.
7. The angular speed of motor wheel is increased from
1200 rpm to 3120 rpm in 16 second.
(i) What is its angular acceleration, assuming the
acceleration to be uniform ?
(ii) How many revolutions does the engine make
during this time?
8. Obtain an expression for the height to which a
liquid of density r and surface tension T, will rise
1
in a capillary tube of radius r. Given that h .
r

9. Determine the radius of a drop of water falling

through air if it covers 4.8 cm in 4 s with a uniform
velocity. Assume density of air as 0.0012 g cm3
and h for air as 1.8 104 poise.
10. Calculate the temperature at which rms speed of

gas molecules is double of its rms speed at 27C,

pressure remaining constant.
11. A ball of mass 1 kg
hangs in equilibrium
from two strings OA and
OB as shown in figure.
What are the tensions in
strings OA and OB?
(Take g = 10 m s2)

12. How will the value of g be affected if

(i) the rotation of the earth stops
(ii) the rotational speed of the earth is doubled
(iii) the rotational speed of the earth is increased to
seventeen times its present value?
13. A truck can move up a road rising 1 in 25 with a
speed of 24 km h1 with frictional force (1/50)th of
the weight of truck. What will be the speed of the
truck moving down the same road with the same
power?
14. A bug shown in figure has just lost its footing near

the top of the stationary bowling ball. It slides

down the ball without appreciable friction. Show
that it will leave the surface of the ball at the angle
q = cos1(2/3).


1 2
2
2

2 g v 0 sin q 2v 0 cos q 0 sin q H

v2
g
2
from the foot of the wall in order that it may just
clear it.
OR
A body of weight W can just be supported on a
rough inclined plane by a force P parallel to the
floor. It can also be supported by a force Q parallel
to the plane. If q is the angle of friction, find cosq in
terms of P, Q and W only.
20. Show that for a particle in linear S.H.M., the average
kinetic energy over a period of oscillation equals
the average potential energy over the same period.

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15. A rocket is fired vertically from the surface of Mars

with a speed of 2 km s1. If 20% of its initial energy
is lost due to Martian atmospheric resistance, how
far will the rocket go from the surface of Mars before
returning to it? (Take mass of Mars = 6.4 1023 kg;
radius of Mars = 3395 km; G = 6.67 1011 N m2 kg2)
OR

18. Read the given passage and answer the following

questions.
Surface tension is the property of a liquid by virtue
of which free surface of liquid at rest tries to have
minimum surface area. In doing so, the free surface
of liquid at rest behaves as if it is covered with a
stretched membrane.
Surface tension (S) of a liquid is measured by the
force (F) acting on unit length of a line (l) imagined
to be drawn tangentially anywhere on the free
surface, i.e. S = F . S is measured in N m1.
l
(i) What is the cause of surface tension?
(ii) A wire ring of 30 mm diameter resting flat on
the surface of a liquid is raised. The pull required
is 1.5 gf more before the film breaks than it is
after. What is surface tension of the liquid?
(iii) What are the implications of this phenomenon
in day to day life?
19. A stone is thrown from the ground towards a wall
of height H with a speed v0 at an angle q with the
horizontal. Show that the stone must be thrown
from a point at a distance

For the travelling harmonic wave,

y (x, t) = 2.0 cos 2p[10t 0.0080 x + 0.35], where x
and y are in cm and t in s, what is the phase difference
between oscillatory motion at two points separated
by distance of (i) 4 m (ii) 0.5 m ?
16. A metallic sphere of radius 1.0 10

m and density
1.0 104 kg m3 enters a tank of water, after a
free fall through a distance of h in the earth's
gravitational field. If its velocity remains unchanged
after entering water, determine the value of h. Given
coefficient of viscosity of water = 10 103 N s m2,
g = 10 m s2 and density of water = 1.0 103 kg m3.

17. A certain volume of dry air at NTP is allowed

to expand four times its original volume under

(i) isothermal conditions (ii) adiabatic conditions.
Calculate the final pressure and temperature in
each case. Given g = 1.4.

OR

An air chamber of volume V has a neck area of

cross section A into which a ball of mass m just fits
and can move up and down without any friction.
Show that when the ball is pressed down a little and
released, it executes S.H.M. Obtain an expression
for the time period of oscillations assuming pressure
volume variations of air to be isothermal.

SOLUTIONS
1. (i) The wavelength of light is independent of both
environment and time.
(ii) The length-standard does not undergo any
change with place.
2. The maximum height of a projectile is inversely
proportional to the value of acceleration due to
gravity. So smaller the acceleration due to gravity,
greater is the maximum height. Since the value of
acceleration due to gravity is less on the hills than
on the plains, therefore, a tennis ball will bounce
higher on hills than on plains.

The total energy of satellite in any orbit,

E = K, where K is its kinetic energy in that orbit.
If its kinetic energy is doubled, i.e., an additional
kinetic energy (K) is given to it, E = K + K = 0 and
the satellite will leave its orbit and go to infinity.
4. Effective work = mgh
28
100, 000 4.2 = 60 9.8 h
100
28 100, 000 4.2
or h =
m = 200 m
100 60 9.8
5. Let lo and lc represent the lengths of open organ
pipe and closed organ pipe respectively.
3v
Frequency of second overtone of open pipe =
2lo
3.

6.

Loss in kinetic energy of the block

2
1
1
3
v
K = mv 02 m 0 = mv 02
2
2 2
8
Gain in elastic potential energy of the spring,
1
U = kx 2
2
1 2 3 2
As U = K , \
kx = mv 0
2
8

or
7.

k=

8.

as h r

h ra T bg cr1

h = k ra T bg cr1
[M0L1T0]=[ML3]a[MT2]b[LT2]c[L1]
=[Ma+b L3a+c1T2b2c]
On comparing, we get
a + b = 0, 3a + c 1 = 1 and 2b 2c = 0
Hence, a = 1, b = 1, c = 1
kT
T
Thus, h = kr 1Tg 1r 1 =
or h
rrg
rrg
or
\

OR
Slope of displacement-time graph
= Velocity of the object
As slope of line OB > slope of line OA
\ The line making angle of 60 with time-axis
represents greater velocity.
v
tan 30
Ratio of the two velocities = A =
v B tan 60

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3v
Frequency of first overtone of closed pipe =
4lc
3v 3v
Equating,
=
or 2lo = 4lc
2lo 4lc
or lo = 2lc = 2 2 m = 4 m

1
= (40 p 16 + 4p 162 ) rad = 1152 p rad
2
1152 p
Number of revolutions =
= 576
2p

3 mv 02
4x 2

(i) 0 = 2p 1200 rad s 1 = 40p rad s 1

60
2p 3120
=
rad s 1 = 104p rad s 1
60
0
\ Angular acceleration, a =
t
104 p 40 p
=
= 4 p rad s 2
16
1 2
(ii) q = 0t + at
2

1
= = 1: 3
3
3
9. Since the drop covers 4.8 cm in 4 s with uniform
velocity, i.e., the terminal velocity
vt = 4.8 cm/4 s = 1.2 cm s1
Density of drop (water), r = 1 g cm3
h = 1.8 104 poise
As vt =

1/ 3

2r 2(r s)g
9h

9hvt
9(1.8 10 4 )1.2
=
2(r s)g
2(1 0.0012)980
or r = 9.97 104 cm
r=

10. Let tC be the temperature at which the rms speed

of the gas molecules (vrms)t is double of its value at

27C [i.e., (vrms)27].
(v rms )t
273 + t
273 + t
=
=
273 + 27
300
(v rms )27
According to the problem,
(v rms )t
(v rms )t = 2(v rms )27 or
=2
(v rms )27

Now,

or

273 + t
=2
300

or

273 + t
= 4 or t = 927 C
300

11.

Various forces acting at the point O are as shown

in figure. The three forces are in equilibrium.
Using Lami's theorem,
T1
T2
10
=
=
sin 150 sin 120 sin 90
or
\

2
At B, mv = mg cos q R
... (i)
r
Decrease in potential energy of the bug as it slides
down from A to B, i.e.,
mgh = mgr(1 cosq)
... (ii)
[as h = AC = OA OC = r rcosq = r(1 cos q)]
1
Increase in kinetic energy of the bug = mv 2 ... (iii)
2
From eqns. (ii) and (iii),
1 2
mv = mgr(1 cos q)
2
mv 2
or
...(iv)
= 2mg (1 cos q)
r
From eqns. (i) and (iv),
2mg(1 cosq) = mg cos q R
Since at B, bug loses its contact with the ball, R = 0.
Thus, 2mg(1 cosq) = mgcosq
2
2
or cos q =
or q = cos 1
3
3

T1
T2
10
=
=
sin 30 sin 60 1
T1 = 10 sin 30 = 10 0.5 = 5 N

and T2 = 10 sin 60 = 10

3
=5 3N
2

12. (i) If the rotation of the earth stops, no centrifugal

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Let h w
be the maximum height attained by the
rocket. a
Change in potential
j energy of the rocket,
= final potential energy initial potential energy

force will act on the bodies lying on it.

The value of g increases maximum at the equator.
As no centrifugal force acts on body at poles, so
the value of g is not affected there.
(ii) If the rotational speed of the earth is doubled,
the centrifugal force on the bodies increases.
The value of g decreases maximum at the
equator and is not affected at poles.
(iii) If the rotational speed of the earth is increased
to seventeen times its present value, the value of
g at the equator will become zero. At the poles,
the value of g remains unchanged.
1
25
Total upward force required, F = mg sinq + f
or F = mg 1 + 1 mg = 3 mg
25 50
50

13. Here, sin q =

3
Power, P = Fv = mgv
50
Net downward force, F = mgsinq f
or F = mg 1 1 mg = 1 mg
25 50
50
As P = F v, \ 3 mgv = 1 mgv
50
50
or v = 3v = (3 24) km h1 = 72 km h1
14. Let the bug lose its footing at point near A and then

leave the ball at B where its velocity is v.

15.

Mm
1
Mm = GMm 1
G
R R + h
(R + h)
R
h
... (i)
= GMm
R(R + h)
= G

Since 20% of the kinetic energy of the rocket is lost

due to martian atmosphere,
Kinetic energy of the rocket which is converted into
its potential energy
80 1 2
=
mv = 0.4 mv 2
... (ii)
100 2
Applying the law of conservation of energy,
h
GMm
= 0.4 mv 2
R(R + h)
h
or GM
= 0. 4 v 2
2
R + Rh

or

h=

R2
11.526 1012
=
m
6
6
GM

26
.
68
10
3
.
395
10

R
0.4v 2

= 495 103 m = 495 km

OR

v=

2 r2
(r s)g
9 h

But r = 104 kg m3, s = 103 kg m3, r = 103 m,

g = 10 m s2, h = 103 N s m2

2 (10 3 )2 (10 4 103 ) 10

\ v=
= 20 m s 1
9
10 3
v 2 20 20
=
= 20 m
From (i), h =
2 g 2 10
17. (i) Isothermal expansion

Now, P2V2 = P1V1

g

1. 4
V
V
or P2 = P1 1 = 76
4V
V2

or

P2 = 76 (0.25)1.4 = 10.91 cm of Hg

Again, T2V2g1 = T1V1g1

V
or T2 = T1 1
V2

g 1

1.4 1

V
or T2 = 273
4 V
= 273 (0.25)0.4 K = 156.8 K
18. (i) Every individual molecule in the free surface

of a liquid has maximum potential energy.

And the free surface on the whole tends to
have minimum potential energy for stability.
This is possible when free surface of liquid
contains minimum number of molecules.
As area of each molecule is fixed, the free
surface of liquid at rest tries to have minimum
area. This is the cause of surface tension.
30
(ii) Here, r = = 15 mm = 1.5 cm.
2
F = 1.5 gf = 1.5 980 dyne
As liquid is touching the ring inside as well as
outside, therefore, F = S 2l = S 2(2 p r)
F
1.5 980
S=
=
= 78.0 dyne cm1
4pr 4 3.14 1.5

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The given equation can be rewritten as

y = 2.0 cos [2p(10 t 0.0080 x) + 2p 0.35]

10t
+ 0.7 p
y = 2.0 cos 2p 0.0080

0.0080 x

Comparing it with the standard equation of a

travelling harmonic wave,
2p
y = r cos (vt x) + 0

2p
we get,
= 2p 0.0080

Further, we know that for the path difference x, the

2p
phase difference =
x

(i) when, x = 4 m = 400 cm

2p
=
x = 2p 0.0080 400 = 6.4p rad

(ii) when, x = 0.5 m = 50 cm

2p
=
x = 2p 0.0080 50 = 0.8 p rad

16. The velocity attained by the sphere after falling

freely from height h is
v = 2 gh
...(i)
After entering water, the velocity of the sphere does
not change. So v is also the terminal velocity of the
sphere. Hence

Since the process is isothermal, therefore the

final temperature will be the same as the initial
temperature, i.e. 273 K.
(ii) Adiabatic expansion
V1 = V, V2 = 4 V
P1 = 76 cm of Hg, P2 = ?
T1 = 273 K , T2 = ? g = 1.4

V1 = V, V2 = 4V
P1 = 76 cm of mercury, P2 = ?
P2V2 = P1V1
V P 76
or P2 = P1 1 = 1 =
cm of Hg = 19 cm of Hg
4
V2 4

(iii) Suppose you are the owner of a factory where

20 people are working. Each of them wants
to get maximum wages and you want to save
maximum. The only practical solution is to pay
them the desired wages with the promise that
each one will put in the best of efforts, so that
you will not engage extra labour. This is the
practical implication of the concept of surface
tension, where free surface tries to contain
minimum number of molecules, with each
molecule having maximum energy.

19. Let the stone be thrown from a point O, distant

x from the foot of the wall.

From figure (a)

R = W cosa + P sina
... (i)
and P cosa + f = W sina
...(ii)
From eqns. (i) and (ii)
Pcosa + m(Wcosa + Psina) = Wsina (as f = mR)
or P[cosa + msina] = W(sina mcosa)
W cos a + m sin a
or
=
P sin a m cos a
cos a + tan q sin a
sin a tan q cos a
cos a cos q + sin a sin q
=
sin a cos q sin q cos a
=

or
or

W cos(a q)
=
P sin(a q)
W2
P2

or 1 +

cos 2(a q)
sin2(a q)

W2
P2

x 1 x
g
H = (v 0 sin q)
v 0 cos q 2 v 0 cos q
gx 2
= x tan q 2
2v 0 cos 2 q

or gx 2 (2v 02 cos 2 q tan q)x + 2Hv 02 cos 2 q = 0

cos 2(a q)

sin2(a q)

=
or

P2 +W 2

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For the stone to just clear the wall, time taken to

cover a horizontal distance x = time taken to rise
vertically to a height H
For motion along X-axis,
x = vx0t
x
x
or t =
=
... (i)
v x0 v 0 cos q
For motion along Y-axis,
1
y = v y 0t + a yt 2
2
1
... (ii)
or H = (v 0 sin q)t + ( g )t 2
2
From eqns. (i) and (ii),

(as m = tanq)

P2

+1

cos 2(a q) + sin2(a q)

or sin(a q) =

From figure (b),

sin 2(a q)

sin2(a q)
P
P2 +W 2

... (iii)

or gx 2 (v 02 sin 2q)x + 2Hv 02 cos 2 q = 0

[as 2cos2q tanq = 2 cos2q(sinq/cosq)

= 2 sinq cos q = sin 2q]

or x =
1
=
2g
1
=
2g

v 02 sin 2q v 04 sin 2 2q 8 gHv 02 cos 2 q

2g

v 2 sin 2q 4v 4 sin 2 q cos 2 q 8 gHv 2 cos 2 q

0
0
0

v 2 sin 2q 2v cos q v 2 sin 2 q 2 gH

0
0
0

OR

 
 

 
  




Q + f = Wsina
... (iv)
and
R = Wcosa
... (v)
From eqns. (iv) and (v),
Q + mW cosa = Wsina
(as f = mR)
or Q = W(sina mcosa) = W(sina tanqcosa)
W sin(a q)
or Q =
cos q
W
or cos q = sin(a q)
... (vi)
Q
From eqns. (iii) and (vi),
P

W
cos q =
Q P 2 + W 2

20. Consider a particle of mass m executing S.H.M.

with period T. The displacement of the particle at
an instant t, when time period is noted from the
mean position is given by y = asin wt
dy
\ Velocity, v =
= a w cos wt.
dt
1
1
Kinetic energy, E K = mv 2 = ma 2w 2 cos 2 wt
2
2
Potential energy,
1
1
E P = ky 2 = mw 2a 2 sin2 wt
(... k = mw2)
2
2

\ Average kinetic energy over one cycle

EK

av

There will be decrease in volume and hence increase

in pressure of air inside the chamber. The decrease
in volume of the air inside the chamber,
DV = Ay
change in volume
Volumetric strain =
original volume

1
1 1
E dt = ma 2w 2 cos 2 wtdt
T K
T 2
0

(1 + cos 2wt )
1
ma 2w 2
dt
=
2T
2
0

T
1
sin 2wt
ma 2w 2 t +
=
4T

2w 0

1
1
ma 2w 2(T ) = ma 2w 2
4T
4

=
... (i)

Average potential energy over one cycle is

EP =

DV Ay
=
V
V
Bulk Modulus of elasticity E, will be
stress(or increase in pressure)
E=
volumetric strain
=

1
1 1
E dt = mw 2a 2 sin2 wtdt
T P
T 2

p
pV
=
Ay / V
Ay

Here, negative sign shows that the increase in

pressure will decrease the volume of air in the
chamber.
EAy
\ p=
V
Due to this excess pressure, the restoring force
acting on the ball is

P
ar
(1 cos 2wt )
1
vi
mw a
dt
=
EAy
EA
... (i)
2T
2
F = pA=
A =
y
nd
V
V
1
sin 2wt
er Clearly, F y. Negative sign shows that the force
mw a t
=

4T
2w
is directed towards equilibrium position. If the
B
increased pressure is removed from the
1
1
... (ii)
haapplied
mw a [T ] = ma w
=
ball, the ball will start executing linear S.H.M. in
4T
4
rdneck of chamber with C as mean position.
the
From (i) and (ii), E
=E
In S.H.M.,
w the restoring force, F = ky ... (ii)
Comparing
a (i) and (ii), we have
OR
k = EA /V, jwhich is the spring factor.
Consider an air chamber of volume V with a
av

2 2

2 2

2 2

2 2

K av

Pav

long neck of uniform area of cross-section A,

and a frictionless ball of mass m fitted smoothly
in the neck at position C as shown in the figure.
The pressure of air below the ball inside the chamber
is equal to the atmospheric pressure. Increase the
pressure on the ball by a little amount p, so that the
ball is depressed to position D, where CD = y.

Now, inertia factor = mass of ball = m

As,
T = 2
\

inertia factor
m
2 mV
= 2
=
2
spring factor
E
EA / V A

Frequency, =

1 A
E
=
T 2 mV

PHYSICS FOR YOU | JANUARY 16

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