UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA

FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN KIMIA

OIL AND GAS SIMULATION LABORATORY
(CGE 656)
NAME
STUDENT ID
DATE PERFORMED
SEMESTER
PROGRAMME/ CODE
LECTERUR NAME
No
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13

Remarks:

Checked by:

: AIMI HAZWANI BINTI SAMSI

: 2013498252
: 7 DECEMBER 2015
:5
: EH2235A
: FADZRIL

Title
Abstract/ Summary
Introduction
Aims/ Objectives
Theory
Apparatus
Procedure
Result
Calculations
Discussion
Conclusions
Recommendations
References
Appendices
TOTAL

Marks

1.1

Project Objective

The primary objective of the study is to ensure that the noise criteria as provided in
Operating Company Standard are achieved by identification and elimination of potential
problems at the design stage. The other objectives are:

1.2

Minimise the risk of hearing damage to personnel in work areas;

Prevent a health hazards to personnel;

Ensure that warning signals are audible in the high noise area; and

Maintain work efficiency and enhance communications.

Scope of Work

The scope of noise study shall cover the new drilling wellhead platform,
Eccles, EDP. The main tasks carried out during the study are:

Review of

equipment layouts, company noise document

specifications, and estimation of noise levels for the major noise

source from process equipment;

An assessment of noise levels at EDP work areas and specific

rooms due to process equipment during normal operations; and

Identification of areas where noise levels may exceed noise

levels requirements, compared with the applicable rules and
standards, the sources giving rise to the exceedance and
recommendations of practicable remedial noise control measures
to be incorporated within the design.

1.3

Work Area Noise Limit

PTS 12.01.02 stipulates that 85 dBA shall be the noise limit for work
area on the platform in normal operating conditions. The work area is
defined as any location, farther than one (1) meter from an equipment
surface, which may reasonably be expected to be occupied by the
personnel for an extended period in the execution of their duties. The
design limit should always take into account all operating modes,
which can be expected, in a properly functioning installation.

1.4

Absolute Work Area Noise Limit

EDP Noise Standards stipulates that the Sound Pressure Level (SPL)
anywhere in the work area shall not exceed 115 dBA in any situation,
including emergencies.

1.5

Restricted Work Area Noise Limit

EDP Noise Standatards concedes that there may be some areas where
it is not reasonably practical to achieve the work area noise limit
specified above. These areas can be defined as restricted areas,
however, attempts shall be made to reduce the level to below 90 dBA
and the absolute noise limit remains.
Actions should be taken to limit such areas as far as possible and
actions may include erection of an acoustic enclosure. It is accepted
that the areas inside the enclosure will be defined as a restricted area.
To designate an area as restricted the following are required:

Written permission from the principal;

Noise limit may be between 85 and 115 dBA however every

attempt should be made to reduce the noise level below 90 dBA;
and

Permanent warning signs to indicate the mandatory use of ear

protectors shall be erected at the boundaries of restricted areas
(and ear protectors shall be worn). Signs shall be of the type
specified in ISO 3864.

1.6

Indoor Location Noise Limit

EDP Standards stipulates that the noise limits in Table 2.1 apply in
order to limit disturbance to conservations and normal work, caused by
equipment noise.
Table 2.1 Noise Limits in Common Work Areas [Ref. 6]
Area Description

Areas in workshop and machinery

buildings where communication is

Workshop
required offices

Control rooms, not continuously

Control
mannedrooms, continuously
manned

Maximum Allowable
Sound Pressure Level
70
60

50

Open plan offices

The recommended noise limit for inside crane cabin is 75 dBA [Ref. 14].

1.7

Equipment Noise Limit

1.7.1 Equipment Emitting Continuous Noise
EDP Standards stipulates for equipment emitting continuous noise the
following limitation apply:

The maximum value for the noise limit of equipment emitting

continuous noise shall be 85 dBA;

Equipment noise levels should not exceeded anywhere at a

distance of one metre (1 m) from the equipment surface or at
the operator position;

For equipment comprising a train of components, the above limit

will not ensure that the equipment meets the work area noise
limit. More stringent limits shall be specified for separate
components; and

A further reduction of the equipment noise limit shall be made

when several items of equipment or equipment trains are located
close together, or when the equipment is located in a
reverberant area. The equipment noise limit shall be based on
acoustic calculations.

1.7.2 Equipment Emitting Intermittent or Fluctuating Noise

The equivalent continuous sound level, Leq, over the noisiest
consecutive 8 hour period shall not exceed the maximum value for the
equipment noise limit if the equipment emits and intermittent or
fluctuating noise. The maximum instantaneous level shall be limit to 10
dBA higher than the continuous noise limit. The 85 dBA equivalent for
intermittent noise over 8 hours as per below:

8 hours (actual equipment operation) = 85 dBA (maximum SPL);

4 hours (actual equipment operation) = 88 dBA (maximum SPL);

2 hours (actual equipment operation) = 91 dBA (maximum SPL);

and

1 hours (actual equipment operation) = 94 dBA (maximum SPL);

1.7.3 Additional Restriction on Tonal or Impulsive Noise

Where the equipment noise contains tonal or impulsive components
the equipment noise limit shall be reduced by 5 dBA.

1.8

Noise Exposure for Personnel

As per NIOSH Occupational Noise Exposure 1998-126 [Ref. 1],

maximum duration mentioned on worker exposure time limits is as
listed in Table 2.2.

Table 2.2 Permissible Noise Exposures for Personnel

Duration of
Exposure (Hr/Day)

Sound Level,
(dBA) Slow
Response

12

83

85

86

1.9

88

89

91

94

0.5

97

0.25

100

0.125

103

HVAC Equipment Noise Limit

HVAC Design Noise Limits shall be set in order to ensure that the
ventilation systems do not make an excessive contribution to the
overall noise levels. HVAC limits is recommended to be 5 dBA below
the relevant overall area noise limits specified in accordance with HVAC
Design Philosophy.
Noise attenuators should be provided in the common ducts outside the
building and the air velocities maintained within the inside building
ducting within ASHRAE specified limits. If these measures are
implemented noise generated due to HVAC is not expected to be an
issue.
Noise tests of the HVAC systems are expected to be carried out during
commissioning tests to verify compliance with the above targets.

1.10 Control Valve

Noise from control valves has not been taken into consideration in the
noise modelling. All valves are assumed to generate noise level at or
below 85 dBA at 1 m. For safety and relief valves, the critical noise
limit for short time exposure shall not exceed 115 dBA at 1 m in any
situation, including emergencies. Vendor to confirm the noise level of
the valve, if noise exceeded the noise limits, appropriate noise
mitigation action should be taken such as install piping acoustic
insulation at the downstream of the valve, add low noise trim in the
control valve or install acoustic line silencer at the downstream of the
control valve etc.

2.0

NOISE SOURCES - GENERAL DESCRIPTION

2.1

Drilling Wellhead Platform (EDP)

Equipment expected to contribute significantly to noise levels on EDP
is listed in Table 4.1. Equipment not listed is not expected to be a
significant noise sources.
Table 4.1 Major Noise Sources on EDP-A

Item No

*1

Equipment Description

Numb
er /
Servic
e

SPL @ 1
m dBA
(EACH)

Pedestal Crane (Diesel Engine)

1x100
%

85.0

1x100
%

85.0

1x100

85.0

Main Deck
B-7300

Mezzanine Deck
AQ-6810

Methanol Injection Package

WGas Production Wellheads

0110/0120/01

Item No

*1

Equipment Description

30/0140/0150
/0160/0170/0
180

Numb
er /
Servic
e

SPL @ 1
m dBA
(EACH)

Cellar Deck
N/A

ACCUs

2x100
%

85.0

Closed Drain Pumps

2x100
%

85.0

Hazardous Open Drains Caisson

Pump

1x100
%

85.0

Sump Deck
P-6410/6420
Sea Deck
P-6470
Notes:
1. Equipment listed in Table 4.1 is referred to Equipment Layouts Master
Equipment List.
2. Methanol Injection Pump (P-6810) is a part of Methanol Injection Package
(AQ-6810).

2.2 Noise Study Assumptions List

1. Unless specified, 85 dBA is used for identified equipment (Tables 4.1)

that expected to contribute to noise levels on KSDP-A areas based on
the general maximum allowable equipment noise limit. It is
recommended the equipment vendor to provide the precise noise
level for individual equipment to achieve more accurate noise

prediction on the platform.

2. The noise analysis calculated using Cadna 4.2 software covers only
noise sources from equipment on the platform areas and does not
include wind/wave/ice noise, alarms, public address systems, etc.
3. Only airborne noise analysis is calculated using Cadna 4.2 software.
Structure borne noise analysis is not included.
4. Noise

from

extraneous

sound

sources,

such

as

people,

entertainment, indoor activities, construction and repair work are not

included in the noise analysis.
5. Sound absorption factor from A60 wall is able to reduce noise level
for up to 45 dBA [Ref. 13].
6. The barrier height on the platform is assumed to cover the height of
the platform
7. The height of the receiver is assumed at 1.80 m

RESULT
Before calculation

Figure 1 : Main deck

Figure 2 : Mezannine deck

After the calculation

Figure 1 : Main deck

Figure 2 : Cellar deck

Figure 3 : Sump deck

Figure 4 : Sea deck

DISCUSSION
The objective of this project is to determine the maximum and minimum allowable for the
person or individual to receive noise from the surrounding workplace. Beside that, the objective
of this project also want to maintain work effiency and enhance communications.It is important
to know the value of generate noise in order to prevent any damage and hazard from occur.
Futhermore, the main objective for this project is to ensure that the noise criteria as provided in
Operating Company Standard are achieved by identification and elimination of potential
problems at the design stage. This CADNAA software is very useful in order to calculate the
generation of noise which produced by the equipment of the workplace.
Based on the figure 1 (main deck), it shows that the receiver inside crane cabin will receive
61.8dB from the source of noise. The recommendation for noise limit inside crane cabin is 75dB.
The noise receive by the receiver is acceptable because it is not exceed the limit and the receiver
can work within 12 hour/day which not exceed the noise level (83dB).
Based on the figure 2 (cellar deck), it shows that the receiver inside the
Exposure to high levels of noise can cause permanent hearing loss. Neither surgery nor a hearing
aid can help correct this type of hearing loss. Short term exposure to loud noise can also cause a
temporary change in hearing (our ears may feel stuffed up) or a ringing in our ears (tinnitus).
These short-term problems may go away within a few minutes or hours after leaving the noisy
area. However, repeated exposures to loud noise can lead to permanent tinnitus and/or hearing
loss.
Therefore, in order to prevent any damage occurs, several actions must be do to reduce or
eliminate the worker exposure to noise. Examples of actions that have to be made :

Choose low-noise tools and machinery.

Maintain and lubricate machinery and equipment.

Place a barrier between the noise source and employee (e.g : sound walls or curtains).

Enclose or isolate the noise source.

Limiting the amount of time a person spends at a noise source.

Last but not least, in order to prevent any accidentcial and damage happen in the future the
employer must provide personal safety equipment which was hearing protection devices
(HPDs), such as earmuff and plugs to the employee to avoid any hazard that might be happen
and to control exposures to noise.