REQUIRED SCFM OF COMPRESSED AIR PER OUTLET FOR LABORATORIES

ABORATORIES

REQUIRED nl/s OF COMPRESSED AIR PER OUTLET FO

ESSED AIR PER OUTLET FOR LABORATORIES

Fittings Equivalent Length Table in Compressed

Equivalent Pipe Length (m)
Nominal Pipe Size (inches, mm)
1/2"

3/4"

1"

1 1/4"

1 1/2"

2"

15 mm

20 mm

25 mm

32 mm

40 mm

50 mm

90o bend

0.15

0.2

0.25

0.35

0.5

0.6

90o elbow
Tee - run

0.25
0.2

0.4
0.3

0.5
0.4

0.65
0.5

0.8
0.7

1
0.85

Tee - side outlet

0.5

0.7

1.4

1.8

2.4

2.7

Fitting

ompressed Air Pipe lines

m)
e (inches, mm)
2 1/2"

3"

4"

5"

65 mm

80 mm

100 mm

125 mm

0.8

1.2

1.5

1.4
1.1

1.8
1.3

2.4
1.6

3.2
2

3.6

4.6

5.7

Initial
Pressure
Length
Max.
Pressure
Drop

(kg/cm2)

100.00

(psi)

Adjust pressure (kg/cm2)

100

(m)

328.08

(ft)

Adjust Length (m)

(kg/cm2)

14.267

(psi)

Adjust pressure drop (kg/cm2)

7.009

Pressure Drop For Sch 40 Steel Pipes

NOTE! Pressure drops above 1 kg/cm2 (14-15 psi) are in general not relevant.

Volume Flow FAD

1/2
15.798

3/4
20.93

NPS Pipe Size / Innside diameter (mm)

1 1/4
1 1/2
35.052
40.894

1
26.645

2
52.501

2 1/2
62.713

3
77.928

(m3/min)

(cfm)

(kg/cm2)

(psi)

(kg/cm2)

(psi)

(kg/cm2)

(psi)

(kg/cm2)

(psi)

(kg/cm2)

(psi)

(kg/cm2)

(psi)

(kg/cm2)

(psi)

(kg/cm2)

0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2
2.2
2.4
2.6
2.8
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
5.5
6
6.5
7
7.5
8
8.5
9
9.5

4
7
11
14
18
21
25
28
32
35
42
49
56
64
71
78
85
92
99
106
124
141
159
177
194
212
229
247
265
282
300
318
335

0.0155
0.0559
0.1183
0.2015
0.3044
0.4266
0.5673
0.7263
0.9032
1.10
1.54
2.05
2.62
3.26
3.96
4.72
5.54
6.43
7.37
8.38
11.14
14.26
17.74
21.55
25.71
30.20
35.02
40.17
45.63
51.42
57.52
63.94
70.67

0.2212
0.7974
1.6882
2.8745
4.3436
6.0860
8.0943
10.3626
12.8854
15.66
21.94
29.18
37.36
46.45
56.45
67.33
79.09
91.72
105.19
119.52
158.96
203.50
253.04
307.50
366.79
430.85
499.62
573.04
651.05
733.61
820.68
912.22
1,008.18

0.0038
0.0137
0.0290
0.0494
0.0746
0.1045
0.1390
0.1780
0.2213
0.2689
0.3768
0.5011
0.6415
0.7977
0.9694
1.16
1.36
1.58
1.81
2.05
2.73
3.49
4.35
5.28
6.30
7.40
8.58
9.84
11.18
12.60
14.09
15.67
17.31

0.0542
0.1954
0.4136
0.7042
1.0642
1.4911
1.9831
2.5388
3.1569
3.8363
5.3753
7.1491
9.1524
11.3807
13.8299
16.50
19.38
22.47
25.77
29.28
38.94
49.86
62.00
75.34
89.86
105.56
122.41
140.39
159.51
179.73
201.07
223.49
247.00

0.0011
0.0041
0.0087
0.0148
0.0223
0.0313
0.0416
0.0532
0.0662
0.0804
0.1127
0.1499
0.1919
0.2386
0.2899
0.3458
0.4062
0.4710
0.5402
0.6138
0.8163
1.0451
1.30
1.58
1.88
2.21
2.57
2.94
3.34
3.77
4.21
4.68
5.18

0.0162
0.0584
0.1237
0.2106
0.3183
0.4459
0.5931
0.7593
0.9441
1.1473
1.6076
2.1381
2.7372
3.4036
4.1361
4.9336
5.7953
6.7202
7.7077
8.7570
11.6468
14.9105
18.54
22.53
26.88
31.57
36.61
41.99
47.70
53.75
60.13
66.84
73.87

0.0003
0.0010
0.0022
0.0037
0.0057
0.0079
0.0106
0.0135
0.0168
0.0204
0.0286
0.0380
0.0487
0.0606
0.0736
0.0878
0.1031
0.1196
0.1371
0.1558
0.2072
0.2653
0.3298
0.4008
0.4781
0.5616
0.6513
0.7470
0.8486
0.9563
1.07
1.19
1.31

0.0041
0.0148
0.0314
0.0535
0.0808
0.1132
0.1505
0.1927
0.2396
0.2912
0.4080
0.5427
0.6947
0.8639
1.0498
1.2522
1.4709
1.7057
1.9563
2.2227
2.9561
3.7845
4.7059
5.7186
6.8213
8.0127
9.2915
10.6568
12.1077
13.6431
15.26
16.96
18.75

0.0001
0.0005
0.0010
0.0017
0.0026
0.0037
0.0049
0.0062
0.0078
0.0094
0.0132
0.0176
0.0225
0.0280
0.0340
0.0406
0.0477
0.0553
0.0634
0.0721
0.0959
0.1227
0.1526
0.1854
0.2212
0.2598
0.3013
0.3456
0.3926
0.4424
0.4949
0.5501
0.6080

0.0019
0.0069
0.0145
0.0247
0.0374
0.0524
0.0696
0.0892
0.1109
0.1347
0.1888
0.2511
0.3214
0.3997
0.4857
0.5794
0.6805
0.7892
0.9051
1.0283
1.3677
1.7510
2.1772
2.6458
3.1560
3.7072
4.2989
4.9305
5.6018
6.3122
7.0614
7.8490
8.6746

0.0000
0.0001
0.0003
0.0005
0.0008
0.0011
0.0014
0.0018
0.0022
0.0027
0.0038
0.0050
0.0065
0.0080
0.0098
0.0116
0.0137
0.0159
0.0182
0.0207
0.0275
0.0352
0.0438
0.0532
0.0634
0.0745
0.0864
0.0991
0.1126
0.1269
0.1419
0.1577
0.1743

0.0005
0.0020
0.0042
0.0071
0.0107
0.0150
0.0200
0.0256
0.0318
0.0386
0.0541
0.0720
0.0922
0.1146
0.1393
0.1661
0.1951
0.2263
0.2595
0.2948
0.3921
0.5020
0.6243
0.7586
0.9049
1.0629
1.2326
1.4137
1.6062
1.8098
2.0246
2.2505
2.4872

0.0000
0.0001
0.0001
0.0002
0.0003
0.0004
0.0006
0.0007
0.0009
0.0011
0.0016
0.0021
0.0027
0.0033
0.0040
0.0048
0.0056
0.0065
0.0075
0.0085
0.0113
0.0145
0.0180
0.0219
0.0261
0.0306
0.0355
0.0407
0.0463
0.0522
0.0584
0.0649
0.0717

0.0002
0.0008
0.0017
0.0029
0.0044
0.0062
0.0082
0.0105
0.0131
0.0159
0.0223
0.0296
0.0379
0.0471
0.0573
0.0683
0.0802
0.0930
0.1067
0.1212
0.1612
0.2064
0.2567
0.3119
0.3721
0.4371
0.5068
0.5813
0.6604
0.7442
0.8325
0.9254
1.0227

0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0001
0.0001
0.0001
0.0002
0.0002
0.0003
0.0004
0.0005
0.0007
0.0009
0.0011
0.0014
0.0016
0.0019
0.0022
0.0025
0.0029
0.0038
0.0049
0.0061
0.0074
0.0088
0.0103
0.0120
0.0138
0.0156
0.0176
0.0197
0.0219
0.0242

10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
600

353
530
706
883
1059
1236
1412
1589
1765
1942
2118
2295
2471
2648
2824
3001
3177
3354
3530
5295
7060
8825
10590
12355
14120
15885
17650
19415
21180

77.70
164.51
280.11
423.26
593.05
788.76
1,009.79
1,255.63
1,525.85
1,820.07
2,137.95
2,479.18
2,843.47
3,230.59
3,640.28
4,072.33
4,526.54
5,002.72
5,500.70
11,646.27
19,830.03
29,964.49
41,984.82
55,839.79
71,487.30
88,891.67
###
###
###

1,108.54
2,347.03
3,996.28
6,038.65
8,461.06
11,253.21
14,406.60
17,914.05
21,769.33
25,966.99
30,502.15
35,370.43
40,567.85
46,090.77
51,935.83
58,099.93
64,580.18
71,373.87
78,478.48
166,157.30
282,915.07
427,503.44
598,997.37
796,666.36
###
###
###
###
###

19.04
40.30
68.63
103.70
145.30
193.24
247.40
307.63
373.83
445.92
523.80
607.40
696.65
791.49
891.86
997.72
1,109.00
1,225.66
1,347.67
2,853.32
4,858.34
7,341.27
###
###
###
###
###
###
###

271.59
575.02
979.09
1,479.46
2,072.95
2,757.03
3,529.60
4,388.92
5,333.47
6,361.89
7,473.00
8,665.72
9,939.08
11,292.19
12,724.23
14,234.43
15,822.08
17,486.53
19,227.15
40,708.38
69,313.92
104,737.94
146,753.79
195,182.50
249,876.83
310,712.09
377,580.46
450,387.13
529,047.68

5.69
12.05
20.52
31.01
43.45
57.79
73.99
92.00
111.80
133.36
156.65
181.65
208.34
236.71
266.73
298.38
331.66
366.55
403.04
853.33
1,452.97
2,195.53
3,076.27
4,091.44
5,237.94
6,513.18
7,914.88
9,441.06
###

81.22
171.97
292.81
442.46
619.95
824.53
1,055.59
1,312.58
1,595.06
1,902.63
2,234.92
2,591.63
2,972.45
3,377.12
3,805.39
4,257.04
4,731.85
5,229.63
5,750.19
12,174.51
20,729.46
31,323.59
43,889.12
58,372.51
74,729.75
92,923.52
112,921.60
134,695.63
158,220.35

1.44
3.06
5.21
7.87
11.03
14.67
18.78
23.35
28.38
33.85
39.76
46.11
52.88
60.08
67.70
75.73
84.18
93.04
102.30
216.59
368.78
557.25
780.80
1,038.46
1,329.46
1,653.13
2,008.90
2,396.27
2,814.78

20.62
43.65
74.32
112.30
157.35
209.28
267.92
333.15
404.85
482.91
567.25
657.79
754.45
857.16
965.86
1,080.49
1,201.01
1,327.35
1,459.48
3,090.05
5,261.42
7,950.35
###
###
###
###
###
###
###

0.6685
1.42
2.41
3.64
5.10
6.79
8.69
10.80
13.13
15.66
18.40
21.33
24.47
27.80
31.32
35.04
38.95
43.04
47.33
100.21
170.62
257.82
361.25
480.46
615.09
764.85
929.45
###
###

9.5381
20.19
34.38
51.96
72.80
96.83
123.96
154.14
187.31
223.43
262.45
304.34
349.06
396.58
446.87
499.91
555.66
614.12
675.25
1,429.66
2,434.27
3,678.34
5,153.92
6,854.71
8,775.55
###
###
###
###

0.1917
0.4058
0.6910
1.0442
1.46
1.95
2.49
3.10
3.76
4.49
5.27
6.12
7.01
7.97
8.98
10.05
11.17
12.34
13.57
28.73
48.92
73.92
103.58
137.76
176.36
219.30
266.49
317.88
373.40

2.7348
5.7902
9.8589
14.8975
20.87
27.76
35.54
44.19
53.71
64.06
75.25
87.26
100.08
113.71
128.13
143.33
159.32
176.08
193.61
409.91
697.96
1,054.66
1,477.74
1,965.39
2,516.14
3,128.72
3,802.05
4,535.18
5,327.25

0.0788
0.1669
0.2841
0.4294
0.6016
0.8001
1.0244
1.27
1.55
1.85
2.17
2.51
2.88
3.28
3.69
4.13
4.59
5.07
5.58
11.81
20.12
30.40
42.59
56.65
72.52
90.17
109.58
130.71
153.54

1.1245
2.3809
4.0540
6.1258
8.5832
11.4156
14.6145
18.17
22.08
26.34
30.94
35.88
41.15
46.76
52.69
58.94
65.51
72.40
79.61
168.56
287.00
433.67
607.64
808.16
###
###
###
###
###

0.0266
0.0563
0.0959
0.1449
0.2031
0.2701
0.3458
0.4299
0.5225
0.6232
0.7320
0.8489
0.9736
1.11
1.25
1.39
1.55
1.71
1.88
3.99
6.79
10.26
14.38
19.12
24.48
30.44
36.99
44.12
51.83

OTE! Pressure drops above 1 kg/cm2 (14-15 psi) are in general not relevant.
NPS Pipe Size / Innside diameter (mm)
3
77.928

4
102.26

(psi)

(kg/cm2)

(psi)

0.0001
0.0003
0.0006
0.0010
0.0015
0.0021
0.0028
0.0035
0.0044
0.0054
0.0075
0.0100
0.0128
0.0159
0.0193
0.0231
0.0271
0.0314
0.0360
0.0409
0.0544
0.0697
0.0866
0.1053
0.1256
0.1475
0.1711
0.1962
0.2229
0.2512
0.2810
0.3124
0.3452

###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###

0.0000
0.0001
0.0001
0.0003
0.0004
0.0005
0.0007
0.0009
0.0011
0.0014
0.0019
0.0026
0.0033
0.0041
0.0050
0.0059
0.0070
0.0081
0.0093
0.0105
0.0140
0.0179
0.0223
0.0271
0.0323
0.0379
0.0440
0.0504
0.0573
0.0646
0.0722
0.0803
0.0887

0.3796
### 0.0976
0.8036
### 0.2065
1.3684
### 0.3517
2.0677
### 0.5314
2.8971
### 0.7446
3.8532
### 0.9903
4.9329
### 1.2678
6.1339
### 1.5764
7.4540
### 1.9157
8.8913
### 2.2851
10.4442 ### 2.6842
12.1111 ### 3.1126
13.8907 ### 3.5700
15.78
### 4.0560
17.78
### 4.5703
19.89
### 5.1128
22.11
### 5.6830
24.44
### 6.2809
26.87
### 6.9061
56.89
###
###
96.87
1.75 24.90
146.38
2.64 37.62
205.10
3.69 52.71
272.78
4.91 70.11
349.22
6.29 89.75
434.25
7.82 111.60
527.70
9.51 135.62
629.45 11.34 161.77
739.39 13.32 190.03

COMPRESSED AIR PRESSURE

The pressure drop in compressed air type K copper lines can be calculated by using the formula:dp = 7.57 (q)1.85 (L) (104) / (d)5 (p)
Where:dp = pressure drop (kg/cm2)
q = air volume flow (m3/min)
L = length of pipe (m)
d = inside diameter of pipe (mm)
p = initial pressure (kg/cm2)
Initial
Pressure
Length
Max.
Pressure
Drop

(kg/cm2)

150.0004

(psi)

50

(m)

164.04

(ft)

(kg/cm2)

14.267

(psi)

10.5138

Adjust pressure (kg/cm

Adjust Length (m)

Adjust pressure drop (kg

Pressure Drop For Type K Copper Pipes

Volume Flow FAD
1/2
13.3858

3/4
18.923

1
25.273

(m3/min)

(cfm)

(kg/cm2)

(psi)

(kg/cm2)

(psi)

(kg/cm2)

0.071
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2
2.2
2.4
2.6

3
7
11
14
18
21
25
28
32
35
42
49
56
64
71
78
85
92

0.0063
0.0427
0.0903
0.1538
0.2324
0.3256
0.43
0.55
0.69
0.84
1.17
1.56
2.00
2.49
3.02
3.60
4.23
4.91

0.0896
0.6086
1.2885
2.1940
3.3152
4.6451
6.18
7.91
9.83
11.95
16.75
22.27
28.51
35.45
43.08
51.39
60.37
70.00

0.0011
0.0076
0.0160
0.0272
0.0412
0.0577
0.0767
0.0982
0.1221
0.1484
0.2079
0.2765
0.35
0.44
0.53
0.64
0.75
0.87

0.0159
0.1078
0.2282
0.3886
0.5872
0.8228
1.0943
1.4009
1.7420
2.1168
2.9660
3.9448
5.05
6.28
7.63
9.10
10.69
12.40

0.0003
0.0018
0.0038
0.0064
0.0097
0.0136
0.0180
0.0231
0.0287
0.0349
0.0489
0.0651
0.0833
0.1036
0.1259
0.1501
0.1764
0.2045

NOTE

2.8
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
5.5
6
6.5
7
7.5
8
8.5
9
9.5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
550

99
106
124
141
159
177
194
212
229
247
265
282
300
318
335
353
530
706
883
1059
1236
1412
1589
1765
1942
2118
2295
2471
2648
2824
3001
3177
3354
3530
5295
7060
8825
10590
12355
14120
15885
17650
19415

600

21180

5.63
6.39
8.50
10.89
13.54
16.45
19.62
23.05
26.73
30.66
34.83
39.25
43.90
48.80
53.94
59.30
125.56
213.79
323.05
452.65
602.02
770.72
958.36
1,164.61
1,389.17
1,631.79
1,892.23
2,170.28
2,465.74
2,778.44
3,108.20
3,454.88
3,818.33
4,198.41
8,889.01
15,135.26
22,870.39
32,044.89
42,619.70
54,562.66
67,846.53
82,447.79
98,345.73
115,521.90

80.29
91.22
121.32
155.32
193.13
234.70
279.95
328.85
381.34
437.37
496.91
559.93
626.39
696.25
769.50
846.09
1,791.37
3,050.16
4,608.99
6,457.90
8,589.01
10,995.83
13,672.89
16,615.43
19,819.29
23,280.75
26,996.46
30,963.39
35,178.76
39,640.00
44,344.75
49,290.79
54,476.08
59,898.67
126,819.49
215,934.81
326,291.82
457,184.50
608,055.27
778,445.40
967,966.50
###
###
###

1.00
1.13
1.51
1.93
2.40
2.91
3.48
4.08
4.73
5.43
6.17
6.95
7.78
8.64
9.55
10.50
22.24
37.87
57.22
80.17
106.63
136.51
169.75
206.28
246.05
289.03
335.16
384.40
436.74
492.12
550.53
611.93
676.31
743.63
1,574.44
2,680.78
4,050.84
5,675.85
7,548.87
9,664.23
12,017.09
14,603.29
17,419.16
20,461.43

14.22
16.16
21.49
27.51
34.21
41.57
49.59
58.25
67.54
77.47
88.01
99.18
110.95
123.32
136.29
149.86
317.29
540.25
816.35
1,143.83
1,521.30
1,947.60
2,421.77
2,942.95
3,510.43
4,123.53
4,781.66
5,484.29
6,230.92
7,021.10
7,854.42
8,730.47
9,648.89
10,609.35
22,462.48
38,246.74
57,793.35
80,977.28
###
###
###
###
###
###

0.2346
0.2665
0.35
0.45
0.56
0.69
0.82
0.96
1.11
1.28
1.45
1.64
1.83
2.03
2.25
2.47
5.23
8.91
13.47
18.87
25.09
32.12
39.95
48.54
57.90
68.01
78.87
90.46
102.77
115.81
129.55
144.00
159.15
174.99
370.50
630.85
953.26
1,335.66
1,776.43
2,274.22
2,827.91
3,436.50
4,099.14
4,815.06

Nominal Diam
inch
mm
1/4

3/8

1/2

12

5/8

15

3/4

19

25

1 1/4

32

1 1/2

38

50

2 1/2

63

75

Type
K
L
K
L
K
L
K
L
K
L
K
L
K
L
K
L
K
L
M
K
L
M
K
L
M

Inside Diameter
inch
mm
0.30512
7.75
0.31496
8
0.40197
10.21
0.42992
10.92
0.52717
13.39
0.54488
13.84
0.65197
16.56
0.66614
16.92
0.74488
18.92
0.78504
19.94
0.99488
25.27
1.0252
26.04
1.24488
31.62
1.26496
32.13
1.4811
37.62
1.50512
38.23
1.95906
49.76
1.98504
50.42
2.00906
51.03
2.43504
61.85
2.46496
62.61
2.49488
63.37
2.90709
73.84
2.94488
74.8
2.9811
75.72

PRESSURE DROP FOR TYPE K COPPER PIPES

by using the formula:Note:

1 Kg / cm2 = 98.0665 Kpa
Bar = 100 Kpa
Bar = 14.5 Psi
1 Kg / cm2 = 14.22334 Psi

Adjust pressure (kg/cm2)

Adjust Length (m)

Adjust pressure drop (kg/cm2)

pper Pipes

NOTE! Pressure drops above 1 kg/cm2 (14-15 psi) are in general not relevant.
NPS Pipe Size / Innside diameter (mm)
1 1/4
1 1/2
31.623
37.6174

1
25.273

2
49.7586

2 1/2
61.849

(psi)

(kg/cm2)

(psi)

(kg/cm2)

(psi)

(kg/cm2)

(psi)

(kg/cm2)

0.0037
0.0254
0.0537
0.0914
0.1382
0.1936
0.2575
0.3297
0.4099
0.4981
0.6980
0.9283
1.1884
1.4778
1.7958
2.1421
2.5162
2.9178

0.0001
0.0006
0.0012
0.0021
0.0032
0.0044
0.0059
0.0075
0.0094
0.0114
0.0160
0.0212
0.0272
0.0338
0.0410
0.0490
0.0575
0.0667

0.0012
0.0083
0.0175
0.0298
0.0451
0.0631
0.0840
0.1075
0.1337
0.1624
0.2276
0.3027
0.3875
0.4818
0.5855
0.6984
0.8204
0.9513

0.0000
0.0002
0.0005
0.0009
0.0013
0.0019
0.0025
0.0032
0.0039
0.0048
0.0067
0.0089
0.0114
0.0142
0.0172
0.0206
0.0241
0.0280

0.0005
0.0035
0.0074
0.0125
0.0189
0.0265
0.0352
0.0451
0.0561
0.0682
0.0955
0.1271
0.1627
0.2023
0.2458
0.2932
0.3444
0.3994

0.0000
0.0001
0.0001
0.0002
0.0003
0.0005
0.0006
0.0008
0.0010
0.0012
0.0017
0.0022
0.0028
0.0035
0.0043
0.0051
0.0060
0.0069

0.0001
0.0009
0.0018
0.0031
0.0047
0.0065
0.0087
0.0111
0.0139
0.0168
0.0236
0.0314
0.0402
0.0500
0.0607
0.0724
0.0851
0.0986

0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0001
0.0001
0.0002
0.0002
0.0003
0.0003
0.0004
0.0006
0.0007
0.0009
0.0012
0.0014
0.0017
0.0020
0.0023

3.3465
0.0765
3.8021
0.0869
5.06
0.1156
6.47
0.1479
8.05
0.1840
9.78
0.2236
11.67
0.2667
13.71
0.3132
15.89
0.36
18.23
0.42
20.71
0.47
23.34
0.53
26.11
0.60
29.02
0.66
32.07
0.73
35.27
0.81
74.67
1.71
127.13
2.91
192.11
4.39
269.17
6.15
358.00
8.18
458.32
10.47
569.90
13.02
692.55
15.83
826.09
18.88
970.36
22.18
1,125.24
25.71
1,290.58
29.49
1,466.28
33.51
1,652.23
37.76
1,848.33
42.24
2,054.49
46.95
2,270.62
51.89
2,496.63
57.05
5,285.96 120.80
9,000.37 205.68
13,600.16 310.80
19,055.89 435.48
25,344.32 579.18
32,446.35 741.48
40,345.77 922.01
49,028.58 1,120.43
58,482.49 1,336.48
68,696.51 1,569.90

1.0911
1.2396
1.6487
2.1107
2.6246
3.1895
3.8045
4.4689
5.18
5.94
6.75
7.61
8.51
9.46
10.46
11.50
24.34
41.45
62.63
87.76
116.72
149.43
185.81
225.80
269.34
316.38
366.87
420.78
478.06
538.69
602.63
669.84
740.31
814.00
1,723.42
2,934.47
4,434.17
6,212.95
8,263.22
###
###
###
###
###

0.0321
0.0365
0.0485
0.0621
0.0772
0.0939
0.1120
0.1315
0.1525
0.1749
0.1987
0.2239
0.2505
0.2784
0.3077
0.3383
0.72
1.22
1.84
2.58
3.43
4.40
5.47
6.64
7.93
9.31
10.80
12.38
14.07
15.85
17.73
19.71
21.78
23.95
50.71
86.35
130.48
182.83
243.16
311.30
387.08
470.39
561.09
659.09

0.4581
0.5204
0.6922
0.8861
1.1019
1.3390
1.5972
1.8762
2.1756
2.4953
2.8350
3.1946
3.5737
3.9723
4.3902
4.8272
10.22
17.40
26.30
36.84
49.00
62.73
78.01
94.80
113.07
132.82
154.02
176.66
200.71
226.16
253.00
281.22
310.80
341.74
723.54
1,231.97
1,861.59
2,608.37
3,469.13
4,441.26
5,522.53
6,711.03
8,005.08
9,403.18

0.0079
0.0090
0.0120
0.0153
0.0191
0.0232
0.0276
0.0325
0.0377
0.0432
0.0491
0.0553
0.0619
0.0688
0.0760
0.0836
0.1769
0.3012
0.46
0.64
0.85
1.09
1.35
1.64
1.96
2.30
2.67
3.06
3.47
3.91
4.38
4.87
5.38
5.92
12.52
21.32
32.22
45.15
60.05
76.87
95.59
116.16
138.56
162.76

0.1131
0.1285
0.1709
0.2188
0.2721
0.3307
0.3944
0.4633
0.5373
0.6162
0.7001
0.7889
0.8825
0.9809
1.0841
1.1921
2.5239
4.2974
6.49
9.10
12.10
15.49
19.26
23.41
27.92
32.80
38.04
43.62
49.56
55.85
62.48
69.45
76.75
84.39
178.68
304.23
459.71
644.13
856.69
###
###
###
###
###

0.0027
0.0030
0.0040
0.0052
0.0064
0.0078
0.0093
0.0109
0.0127
0.0146
0.0165
0.0186
0.0208
0.0232
0.0256
0.0282
0.0596
0.1015
0.1534
0.2149
0.2859
0.37
0.46
0.55
0.66
0.77
0.90
1.03
1.17
1.32
1.48
1.64
1.81
1.99
4.22
7.19
10.86
15.22
20.24
25.91
32.22
39.15
46.70
54.86

Nominal Diam
inch
mm
1/4
6
3/8
9
1/2
12
5/8
15
3/4
19
1
25
1 1/4
32
1 1/2
38
2
50
2 1/2
63
3
75
Nominal Diam
inch
mm
1/4
6
3/8
9
1/2
12
5/8
15
3/4
19
1
25
1 1/4
32
1 1/2
38
2
50
2 1/2
63
3
75

Type
K
K
K
K
K
K
K
K
K
K
K
Type
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L

Inside Diameter
inch
mm
0.30512
7.75
0.40197 10.21
0.52717 13.39
0.65197 16.56
0.74488 18.92
0.99488 25.27
1.24488 31.62
1.4811
37.62
1.95906 49.76
2.43504 61.85
2.90709 73.84
Inside Diameter
inch
mm
0.31496
8
0.42992 10.92
0.54488 13.84
0.66614 16.92
0.78504 19.94
1.0252
26.04
1.26496 32.13
1.50512 38.23
1.98504 50.42
2.46496 62.61
2.94488
74.8

R PIPES

eneral not relevant.

2 1/2
61.849

3
73.8378

4
97.9678

(psi)

(kg/cm2)

(psi)

(kg/cm2)

(psi)

0.0000
0.0003
0.0006
0.0010
0.0016
0.0022
0.0029
0.0038
0.0047
0.0057
0.0080
0.0106
0.0135
0.0168
0.0205
0.0244
0.0287
0.0332

0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0001
0.0001
0.0001
0.0001
0.0002
0.0002
0.0003
0.0004
0.0005
0.0006
0.0007
0.0008
0.0010

0.0000
0.0001
0.0003
0.0004
0.0006
0.0009
0.0012
0.0015
0.0019
0.0023
0.0033
0.0044
0.0056
0.0069
0.0084
0.0101
0.0118
0.0137

0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0001
0.0001
0.0001
0.0001
0.0001
0.0002
0.0002
0.0002

0.0000
0.0000
0.0001
0.0001
0.0002
0.0002
0.0003
0.0004
0.0005
0.0006
0.0008
0.0011
0.0014
0.0017
0.0021
0.0024
0.0029
0.0033

0.0381
0.0433
0.0576
0.0738
0.0917
0.1114
0.1329
0.1562
0.1811
0.2077
0.2360
0.2659
0.2974
0.3306
0.3654
0.4018
0.8506
1.4484
2.1886
3.0665
4.0785
5.22
6.49
7.89
9.41
11.05
12.82
14.70
16.70
18.82
21.06
23.41
25.87
28.44
60.22
102.54
154.94
217.09
288.74
369.65
459.64
558.56
666.26
782.63

0.0011
0.0013
0.0017
0.0021
0.0027
0.0032
0.0038
0.0045
0.0052
0.0060
0.0068
0.0077
0.0086
0.0096
0.0106
0.0116
0.0246
0.0419
0.0633
0.0886
0.1179
0.1509
0.1877
0.2280
0.2720
0.3195
0.37
0.42
0.48
0.54
0.61
0.68
0.75
0.82
1.74
2.96
4.48
6.27
8.35
10.68
13.28
16.14
19.26
22.62

0.0157
0.0179
0.0238
0.0304
0.0378
0.0460
0.0548
0.0644
0.0747
0.0856
0.0973
0.1096
0.1227
0.1363
0.1507
0.1657
0.3508
0.5972
0.9025
1.2645
1.6818
2.1531
2.6772
3.2534
3.8808
4.5585
5.29
6.06
6.89
7.76
8.68
9.65
10.67
11.73
24.83
42.28
63.89
89.52
119.06
152.42
189.53
230.32
274.74
322.72

0.0003
0.0003
0.0004
0.0005
0.0006
0.0008
0.0009
0.0011
0.0013
0.0015
0.0017
0.0019
0.0021
0.0023
0.0026
0.0028
0.0060
0.0102
0.0154
0.0216
0.0287
0.0367
0.0456
0.0555
0.0662
0.0777
0.0901
0.1034
0.1174
0.1323
0.1480
0.1645
0.1818
0.1999
0.42
0.72
1.09
1.53
2.03
2.60
3.23
3.93
4.68
5.50

0.0038
0.0043
0.0058
0.0074
0.0092
0.0112
0.0133
0.0157
0.0182
0.0208
0.0237
0.0267
0.0298
0.0332
0.0366
0.0403
0.0853
0.1453
0.2195
0.3075
0.4090
0.5236
0.6511
0.7913
0.9438
1.1087
1.2856
1.4745
1.6753
1.8877
2.1118
2.3473
2.5942
2.8525
6.04
10.28
15.54
21.77
28.96
37.07
46.10
56.02
66.82
78.49

COMPRESSED AIR PRESSU

The pressure drop in compressed air steel schedule 40 lines can be calculated by us
dp = 7.57 (q)1.85 (L) (104) / (d)5 (p)
Where:dp = pressure drop (kg/cm2)
q = air volume flow (m3/min)
L = length of pipe (m)
d = inside diameter of pipe (mm)
p = initial pressure (kg/cm2)
Initial
Pressure
Length

7.00918

(kg/cm2)

100.0000

100

(m)

328.08

Max.
Pressure
Drop

(kg/cm2)

14.267

(psi)Adjust pressure (kg/cm2)

(ft)

Adjust Length (m)

(psi)
Adjust pressure drop (kg/cm2)

Pressure Drop For Type L Copper Pipes

Volume Flow FAD
1/2
13.843

3/4
19.939

(m3/min)

(cfm)

(kg/cm2)

(psi)

(kg/cm2)

(psi)

0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2
2.2
2.4
2.6
2.8
3
3.5
4

4
7
11
14
18
21
25
28
32
35
42
49
56
64
71
78
85
92
99
106
124
141

0.0300
0.1082
0.2291
0.3900
0.5893
0.8258
1.10
1.41
1.75
2.12
2.98
3.96
5.07
6.30
7.66
9.14
10.73
12.44
14.27
16.22
21.57
27.61

0.4282
1.5435
3.2680
5.5644
8.4082
11.7812
15.67
20.06
24.94
30.31
42.47
56.49
72.32
89.92
109.27
130.34
153.11
177.55
203.63
231.36
307.71
393.93

0.0048
0.0175
0.0369
0.0629
0.0951
0.1332
0.1772
0.2268
0.2820
0.3427
0.4802
0.6386
0.8176
1.0166
1.24
1.47
1.73
2.01
2.30
2.62
3.48
4.45

0.0691
0.2490
0.5271
0.8975
1.3562
1.9003
2.5274
3.2356
4.0234
4.8893
6.8506
9.1113
11.6645
14.5044
17.63
21.02
24.70
28.64
32.85
37.32
49.63
63.54

4.5
5
5.5
6
6.5
7
7.5
8
8.5
9
9.5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
600

159
177
194
212
229
247
265
282
300
318
335
353
530
706
883
1059
1236
1412
1589
1765
1942
2118
2295
2471
2648
2824
3001
3177
3354
3530
5295
7060
8825
10590
12355
14120
15885
17650
19415
21180

34.33
41.72
49.77
58.46
67.79
77.75
88.34
99.54
111.35
123.77
136.79
150.41
318.45
542.23
819.34
1,148.03
1,526.87
1,954.74
2,430.64
2,953.74
3,523.29
4,138.64
4,799.18
5,504.38
6,253.75
7,046.83
7,883.20
8,762.46
9,684.25
10,648.23
22,544.79
38,386.89
58,005.13
81,274.01
###
###
###
###
###
###

489.84
595.26
710.04
834.05
967.16
1,109.28
1,260.30
1,420.12
1,588.67
1,765.87
1,951.64
2,145.90
4,543.38
7,735.98
11,689.58
16,378.89
21,783.91
27,888.24
34,677.93
42,140.97
50,266.78
59,045.92
68,469.91
78,531.05
89,222.29
100,537.14
112,469.58
125,014.01
138,165.21
151,918.28
321,646.53
547,665.70
827,559.19
###
###
###
###
###
###
###

5.54
6.73
8.03
9.43
10.93
12.54
14.25
16.06
17.96
19.96
22.06
24.26
51.37
87.46
132.16
185.18
246.28
315.30
392.06
476.44
568.31
667.56
774.11
887.86
1,008.73
1,136.65
1,271.56
1,413.38
1,562.07
1,717.56
3,636.47
6,191.80
9,356.22
13,109.49
17,435.62
22,321.46
27,755.86
33,729.21
40,233.02
47,259.75

79.01
96.01
114.53
134.53
156.00
178.93
203.29
229.07
256.25
284.83
314.80
346.13
732.85
1,247.81
1,885.53
2,641.91
3,513.74
4,498.37
5,593.55
6,797.34
8,108.03
9,524.10
11,044.19
12,667.05
14,391.55
16,216.64
18,141.34
20,164.75
22,286.04
24,504.41
51,881.57
88,338.45
133,485.25
187,033.15
248,754.05
318,460.27
395,992.92
481,214.59
574,004.44
674,254.86

D AIR PRESSURE DROP FOR TYPE L COPPER P

40 lines can be calculated by using the formula:Note:

1 Kg / cm2 = 98.0665 Kpa
Bar = 100 Kpa
Bar = 14.5 Psi
1 Kg / cm2 = 14.22334 Psi

essure (kg/cm2)
Length (m)

sure drop (kg/cm2)

Type L Copper Pipes

NOTE! Pressure drops above 1 kg/cm2 (14-15 psi) are in general

NPS Pipe Size / Innside diameter (mm)
1 1/4
1 1/2
32.131
38.227

1
26.035

2
50.419

(kg/cm2)

(psi)

(kg/cm2)

(psi)

(kg/cm2)

(psi)

(kg/cm2)

0.0013
0.0046
0.0097
0.0166
0.0250
0.0351
0.0467
0.0598
0.0743
0.0903
0.1265
0.1683
0.2154
0.2679
0.3255
0.3883
0.4561
0.5289
0.6066
0.6892
0.9166
1.17

0.0182
0.0656
0.1389
0.2365
0.3573
0.5007
0.6659
0.8525
1.0600
1.2882
1.8049
2.4005
3.0732
3.8214
4.6439
5.5393
6.5067
7.5453
8.6540
9.8321
13.0767
16.74

0.0004
0.0016
0.0034
0.0058
0.0087
0.0123
0.0163
0.0209
0.0260
0.0315
0.0442
0.0588
0.0752
0.0936
0.1137
0.1356
0.1593
0.1847
0.2119
0.2407
0.3201
0.4098

0.0064
0.0229
0.0485
0.0826
0.1248
0.1749
0.2326
0.2978
0.3702
0.4499
0.6304
0.8384
1.0734
1.3347
1.6220
1.9347
2.2726
2.6354
3.0226
3.4341
4.5674
5.8472

0.0002
0.0007
0.0014
0.0024
0.0037
0.0051
0.0068
0.0088
0.0109
0.0132
0.0185
0.0247
0.0316
0.0392
0.0477
0.0569
0.0668
0.0775
0.0889
0.1010
0.1343
0.1719

0.0027
0.0096
0.0204
0.0347
0.0524
0.0734
0.0976
0.1249
0.1553
0.1888
0.2645
0.3518
0.4503
0.5600
0.6805
0.8117
0.9535
1.1056
1.2681
1.4407
1.9162
2.4531

0.0000
0.0002
0.0004
0.0006
0.0009
0.0013
0.0017
0.0022
0.0027
0.0033
0.0046
0.0062
0.0079
0.0098
0.0119
0.0143
0.0167
0.0194
0.0223
0.0253
0.0336
0.0431

1.46
1.77
2.12
2.48
2.88
3.30
3.75
4.23
4.73
5.26
5.81
6.39
13.53
23.04
34.82
48.79
64.89
83.07
103.30
125.53
149.73
175.88
203.95
233.92
265.77
299.47
335.02
372.38
411.56
452.52
958.10
1,631.35
2,465.07
3,453.94
4,593.74
5,881.01
7,312.80
8,886.59
10,600.14
12,451.46

20.82
25.30
30.17
35.44
41.10
47.14
53.56
60.35
67.51
75.05
82.94
91.20
193.08
328.76
496.78
696.06
925.76
1,185.18
1,473.72
1,790.89
2,136.21
2,509.30
2,909.80
3,337.37
3,791.72
4,272.58
4,779.67
5,312.78
5,871.67
6,456.14
13,669.17
23,274.41
35,169.18
49,277.37
65,538.89
83,904.30
###
###
###
###

0.5096
0.6193
0.7387
0.8677
1.0062
1.1541
1.3112
1.4775
1.6528
1.8372
2.0305
2.2326
4.73
8.05
12.16
17.04
22.66
29.01
36.08
43.84
52.30
61.43
71.24
81.70
92.83
104.60
117.01
130.06
143.75
158.05
334.64
569.79
860.99
1,206.37
1,604.48
2,054.08
2,554.17
3,103.86
3,702.36
4,348.98

7.2708
8.8356
10.5393
12.3800
14.3559
16.4654
18.7070
21.0793
23.5811
26.2113
28.9687
31.8522
67.44
114.83
173.51
243.12
323.34
413.95
514.73
625.51
746.12
876.44
1,016.32
1,165.66
1,324.35
1,492.30
1,669.42
1,855.62
2,050.82
2,254.97
4,774.29
8,129.16
12,283.69
17,211.32
22,891.06
29,305.62
36,440.40
44,282.74
52,821.52
62,046.85

0.2138
0.2598
0.3099
0.3640
0.4222
0.4842
0.5501
0.6199
0.6934
0.7708
0.8519
0.9367
1.9831
3.3766
5.10
7.15
9.51
12.17
15.14
18.39
21.94
25.77
29.89
34.28
38.94
43.88
49.09
54.57
60.31
66.31
140.39
239.05
361.22
506.12
673.14
861.76
###
###
###
###

3.0504
3.7068
4.4216
5.1939
6.0228
6.9078
7.8483
8.8435
9.8932
10.9966
12.1534
13.3632
28.2930
48.1743
72.79
102.00
135.66
173.67
215.95
262.42
313.03
367.70
426.38
489.04
555.61
626.08
700.38
778.50
860.40
946.04
2,002.99
3,410.48
5,153.46
7,220.78
9,603.64
###
###
###
###
###

0.0536
0.0651
0.0776
0.0912
0.1058
0.1213
0.1378
0.1553
0.1737
0.1931
0.2134
0.2347
0.4969
0.8460
1.2783
1.7911
2.3822
3.0498
3.7923
4.61
5.50
6.46
7.49
8.59
9.76
10.99
12.30
13.67
15.11
16.61
35.17
59.89
90.50
126.80
168.65
215.91
268.47
326.25
389.16
457.13

COPPER PIPES

5 psi) are in general not relevant.

2
50.419

2 1/2
62.611

3
74.803

4
99.187

(psi)

(kg/cm2)

(psi)

(kg/cm2)

(psi)

(kg/cm2)

(psi)

0.0007
0.0024
0.0051
0.0087
0.0131
0.0184
0.0244
0.0313
0.0389
0.0473
0.0663
0.0881
0.1128
0.1403
0.1705
0.2034
0.2389
0.2770
0.3177
0.3610
0.4801
0.6146

0.0000
0.0001
0.0001
0.0002
0.0003
0.0004
0.0006
0.0007
0.0009
0.0011
0.0016
0.0021
0.0027
0.0033
0.0040
0.0048
0.0057
0.0066
0.0075
0.0086
0.0114
0.0146

0.0002
0.0008
0.0017
0.0029
0.0044
0.0062
0.0083
0.0106
0.0132
0.0160
0.0224
0.0298
0.0382
0.0475
0.0577
0.0689
0.0809
0.0938
0.1076
0.1222
0.1626
0.2081

0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0001
0.0001
0.0002
0.0002
0.0003
0.0004
0.0005
0.0006
0.0009
0.0011
0.0014
0.0017
0.0020
0.0023
0.0027
0.0031
0.0035
0.0047
0.0060

0.0001
0.0003
0.0007
0.0012
0.0018
0.0026
0.0034
0.0044
0.0054
0.0066
0.0092
0.0123
0.0157
0.0195
0.0237
0.0283
0.0332
0.0385
0.0442
0.0502
0.0668
0.0855

0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0001
0.0001
0.0001
0.0001
0.0002
0.0002
0.0003
0.0003
0.0004
0.0005
0.0006
0.0007
0.0008
0.0009
0.0011
0.0015

0.0000
0.0001
0.0002
0.0003
0.0004
0.0006
0.0008
0.0011
0.0013
0.0016
0.0022
0.0030
0.0038
0.0048
0.0058
0.0069
0.0081
0.0094
0.0108
0.0123
0.0163
0.0209

0.7642
0.9287
1.1078
1.3013
1.5090
1.7307
1.9663
2.2157
2.4786
2.7551
3.0449
3.3480
7.0886
12.0697
18.2381
25.5543
33.9872
43.5112
54.1045
65.75
78.43
92.12
106.83
122.52
139.20
156.86
175.47
195.05
215.57
237.02
501.83
854.47
1,291.16
1,809.11
2,406.11
3,080.36
3,830.30
4,654.62
5,552.15
6,521.84

0.0181
0.0220
0.0263
0.0309
0.0358
0.0411
0.0467
0.0526
0.0588
0.0654
0.0723
0.0795
0.1682
0.2865
0.4329
0.6065
0.8067
1.0327
1.2842
1.5605
1.8614
2.1865
2.5355
2.9081
3.3040
3.7230
4.1649
4.63
5.12
5.63
11.91
20.28
30.65
42.94
57.11
73.11
90.91
110.48
131.78
154.79

0.2588
0.3145
0.3751
0.4406
0.5110
0.5861
0.6658
0.7503
0.8393
0.9329
1.0311
1.1337
2.4004
4.0871
6.1759
8.6533
11.5089
14.7339
18.3211
22.2640
26.5570
31.1952
36.1741
41.4896
47.1380
53.1159
59.4200
66.05
73.00
80.26
169.93
289.34
437.22
612.61
814.77
1,043.08
1,297.03
1,576.17
1,880.09
2,208.45

0.0075
0.0091
0.0108
0.0127
0.0147
0.0169
0.0192
0.0216
0.0242
0.0269
0.0297
0.0326
0.0691
0.1177
0.1778
0.2492
0.3314
0.4243
0.5276
0.6411
0.7647
0.8983
1.0417
1.1947
1.3574
1.5295
1.7110
1.9019
2.1019
2.3112
4.89
8.33
12.59
17.64
23.46
30.04
37.35
45.39
54.14
63.59

0.1063
0.1292
0.1541
0.1810
0.2099
0.2408
0.2735
0.3082
0.3448
0.3833
0.4236
0.4658
0.9861
1.6791
2.5372
3.5550
4.7282
6.0531
7.5268
9.1466
10.9103
12.8158
14.8613
17.0450
19.3655
21.8214
24.4113
27.1341
29.9885
32.9736
69.81
118.87
179.62
251.68
334.73
428.53
532.86
647.53
772.39
907.29

0.0018
0.0022
0.0026
0.0031
0.0036
0.0041
0.0047
0.0053
0.0059
0.0066
0.0072
0.0080
0.0169
0.0287
0.0434
0.0608
0.0809
0.1035
0.1287
0.1564
0.1866
0.2191
0.2541
0.2915
0.3311
0.3731
0.4174
0.4640
0.5128
0.5638
1.1938
2.0326
3.0715
4.3036
5.72
7.33
9.11
11.07
13.21
15.51

0.0259
0.0315
0.0376
0.0442
0.0512
0.0587
0.0667
0.0752
0.0841
0.0935
0.1033
0.1136
0.2406
0.4096
0.6190
0.8673
1.1535
1.4767
1.8362
2.2314
2.6617
3.1266
3.6256
4.1583
4.7244
5.3236
5.9554
6.6197
7.3160
8.0443
###
###
###
###
81.66
104.54
130.00
157.97
188.43
221.34

Compressed air velocity should be below 15 m/sec

Vg = 131 Z . Qg . T / (di2 . P)
Vg = Compressed air velocity, m/s
di = Pipe inside diameter, mm
Qg = Compressed air flow rate, m

T = Compressed air operating temperature,

P = Compressed air operating pressure, Kp
Z = Compressed air compressibility = 1

COM
Operating

Operating

Temperature, Pressure,
K
303.15
313.15
323.15
333.15
343.15
353.15
363.15
373.15
383.15

Kpa
250.00
200.00
300.00
400.00
500.00
600.00
700.00
800.00
900.00

Volume Flow Rate

(m3/hr)

(m3/min)

(cfm)

L/min

4.26
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
8.00
9.00

0.0710
0.0333
0.0500
0.0667
0.0833
0.1000
0.1167
0.1333
0.1500

2.51
1.18
1.77
2.35
2.94
3.53
4.12
4.71
5.30

71.00
33.33
50.00
66.67
83.33
100.00
116.67
133.33
150.00

COM
Operating

Temperature, Pressure,
K
303.15
313.15
323.15
333.15
343.15
353.15
363.15
373.15

Volume Flow Rate

Operating

Kpa
100.00
200.00
300.00
400.00
500.00
600.00
700.00
800.00

(m3/hr)

(m3/min)

(cfm)

L/min

4.26
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
8.00

0.0710
0.0333
0.0500
0.0667
0.0833
0.1000
0.1167
0.1333

2.51
1.18
1.77
2.35
2.94
3.53
4.12
4.71

71.0000
33.3333
50.0000
66.6667
83.3333
100.0000
116.6667
133.3333

383.15

900.00

9.00

0.1500

5.30

150.0000

w 15 m/sec

T / (di2 . P)

BS EN ISO
13703:2001

elocity, m/s

eter, mm
flow rate, m3/h

perating temperature, 0K (0K = 273.16 + 0C)

perating pressure, Kpa
compressibility = 1
The pressure drop for the components is obtained from t
the pipe system should not exceed 0.1 bar (10 Kpa).

COMPRESSED AIR VELOCITY FOR TYPE K COP

NP

1/4

3/8
10.21

7.75

1/2
13.3858

3/4
18.923

m/s
11.2667
6.8300

fps
36.9641
22.4081

m/s
6.49
3.94

fps
21.30
12.91

m/s
3.78
2.29

fps
12.39
7.51

m/s
1.89
1.15

8.1386

26.7015

4.69

15.38

2.73

8.95

1.37

COMPRESSED AIR VELOCITY FOR TYPE L COP

NP

1/4
8

3/8
10.92

1/2
13.843

3/4
19.939

m/s
26.4337
6.4098

fps
86.7248
21.0295

m/s
14.19
3.44

fps
46.55
11.29

m/s
8.83
2.14

fps
28.96
7.02

m/s
4.26
1.03

7.6379

25.0588

4.10

13.45

2.55

8.37

1.23

Note:
Bar = 100000 Paa = 14.5 Psi
Compressed air velocity should be below 15 m/sec

ents is obtained from the component suppliers, while the pressure drop in
d 0.1 bar (10 Kpa).

R TYPE K COPPER PIPES IN m/sec

NPS Pipe Size / Innside diameter (mm)
3/4
18.923

1
25.273

1 1/4
31.623

1 1/2
37.6174

2
49.7586

fps
6.20
3.76

m/s
1.06
0.64

fps
3.48
2.11

m/s
0.68
0.41

fps
2.22
1.35

m/s
0.48
0.29

fps
1.57
0.95

m/s
0.27
0.17

fps
0.90
0.54

4.48

0.77

2.51

0.49

1.60

0.35

1.13

0.20

0.65

R TYPE L COPPER PIPES IN m/sec

3/4
19.939

NPS Pipe Size / Innside diameter (mm)

1
1 1/4
26.035
32.131

1 1/2
38.227

2
50.419

fps
13.96
3.39

m/s
2.50
0.61

fps
8.19
1.99

m/s
1.64
0.40

fps
5.38
1.30

m/s
1.16
0.28

fps
3.80
0.92

m/s
0.67
0.16

fps
2.18
0.53

4.03

0.72

2.37

0.47

1.55

0.33

1.10

0.19

0.63

15 m/sec

2 1/2
61.849

3
73.8378

4
97.9678

m/s
0.18
0.11

fps
0.58
0.35

m/s
0.12
0.08

fps
0.41
0.25

m/s
0.07
0.04

fps
0.23
0.14

0.13

0.42

0.09

0.29

0.05

0.17

2 1/2
62.611

3
74.803

4
99.187

m/s
0.43
0.10

fps
1.42
0.34

m/s
0.30
0.07

fps
0.99
0.24

m/s
0.17
0.04

fps
0.56
0.14

0.12

0.41

0.09

0.29

0.05

0.16

Sizing criteria for single-ph

1- Sizing considerations:
General:-

Single-phase gas lines should be sized so that the resulting end pressure is high enoug

requirements of the next piece of equipment. Excessive noise may result from restrictio

control valves, orifices etc. or from velocities exceeding 25 m/s; however, the velocity of

not be interpreted as an absolute criteria. Higher velocities are acceptable if pipe routing
and placement are done to minimize or isolate noise.

The design of any piping system where corrosion inhibition is expected to be utilized sh

installation of additional wall thickness in piping design and/or reduction of velocity to l

to reduce the effect of stripping inhibitor film from the pipe wall. In such systems, a wall
monitoring method should be instituted.

GAS

Specific Gravity (dg)

Air

Carbon Dioxide (CO2

1.5189

Carbon monoxide, C

0.9667

Natural gas (typical)

0.6 : 0.7

Nitric oxide (NO)

1.037

N2 (Pure)

0.9669

N2 (Atmospheric)

0.9723

Nitrous oxide (N2O)

O2

1.53
1.1044

Pressure drop equation:-

(P1)2 (P2)2 = 6 X 104 [(dg. qg. Z. T1 .f .L) (di)5] -----------------------------------------------------------

where
P1 is the upstream pressure, expressed in kilopascals [kPa (abs)];
P2 is the downstream pressure, expressed in kilopascals [kPa (abs)];
dg is the gas relative density (air = 1), dimensionless;

qg is the gas flow rate, expressed in cubic meters per hour (m 3/h) at normal conditi
Z is the compressibility factor for gas (see [11] for further information);
T1 is the flowing temperature, expressed in Kelvin (K); (K = 0C + 273.15)
f is the Moody friction factor, dimensionless (refer to Figure 3);
di is the pipe inside diameter, expressed in millimeters (mm);
L is the length, expressed in meters (m).

Velocity equation:Gas velocities may be calculated using the following derived equation:

where:vg is the gas velocity, expressed in meters per second (m/s);

di is the pipe inside diameter, expressed in millimeters (mm);

qg is the gas flow rate, expressed in cubic meters per hour (m 3/h) at normal c
T is the operating temperature, expressed in Kelvin (K); (K = 0C + 273.15)
p is the operating pressure, expressed in kilopascals [kPa (abs)];
Z is the gas compressibility factor (see [11] for further information).

2- General pressure drop equation:

where
p1 is the upstream pressure, expressed in kilopascals [kPa (abs)];
p2 is the downstream pressure, expressed in kilopascals [kPa (abs)];
dg is the gas relative density (air = 1,0), dimensionless;
qg is the gas flow rate, expressed in cubic metres per hour (m3/h) at norm
Z is the compressibility factor for gas (see [11] for further information);
T1 is the flowing temperature, expressed in kelvin (K);
f is the Moody friction factor, dimensionless (refer to Figure 3);
di is the pipe inside diameter, expressed in millimetres (mm);
L is the length, expressed in metres (m).
Rearranging equation (6) and solving for qg:

An approximation of equation (6) can be made when the change in pressu

If this is true, the assumption can be made:

Substituting in equation (6):

ngle-phase gas lines

ssure is high enough to satisfy the

result from restrictions such as

wever, the velocity of 25 m/s should

ptable if pipe routing, valve choice

cted to be utilized shall consider the

ction of velocity to less than 15 m/s

such systems, a wall thickness

--------------------------------------------- (6)

/h) at normal conditions;

+ 273.15)

ur (m 3/h) at normal conditions;

K = 0C + 273.15)

ormation).

BS EN ISO 13703

Equation # 6

Pa (abs)];
[kPa (abs)];

ur (m3/h) at normal conditions;

er information);

change in pressure is less than 10 % of the inlet pressure.

Section

Air Flow

Air Flow

Inlet
Type K Pipe Dia.
Pressure,
Nominal, Inside

No.
Rate, Lpm Rate, m3/hr inch
O-1
71
4.26
1/2
1-2
142
8.52
3/4
2-3
213
12.78
1
3-4
284
17.04
1
4-5
355
21.3
1
5-6
426
25.56
1 1/4
6-7
497
29.82
1 1/4
7-8
568
34.08
1 1/4
8-9
710
42.6
2
9 - 10
1420
85.2
2
10 - 11
2414
144.84
3
11 - 12
2769
166.14
3
12 - 13
2840
170.4
3
13 - 14
2911
174.66
3
14 - Comp
3550
213
3

Dia., mm Kpa

13.39
18.92
25.27
25.27
25.27
31.62
31.62
31.62
49.76
49.76
73.84
73.84
73.84
73.84
73.84

dp = 150.37 (q)1.85 (L) (104) / (d)5 (p)

Where:dp = pressure drop Kpa
q = air volume flow, m3/ hr
L = length of pipe, m
d = inside diameter of pipe (mm)
p = initial pressure, Kpa
Note:

250.00
250.15
250.21
250.23
250.29
250.40
250.46
250.56
250.74
250.78
250.78
250.78
250.78
250.78
250.78

1 Kg / cm2 = 98.0665 Kpa

Bar = 100 Kpa
Bar = 14.5 Psi
1 Kg / cm2 = 14.22334 Psi

Fittings Equivalent Length Table

Fitting

90 bend
o

90o elbow
Tee - run
Tee - side
outlet

1/2"

3/4"

1"

15 mm

20 mm

25 mm

0.15

0.2

0.25

0.25
0.2

0.4
0.3

0.5
0.4

0.5

0.7

1.4


15




10
15 3

Piping Equivalent Le

Air Velocity,

Inlet

Straight
ELBOWS
Temperature

Length,
One Elbow
Equivalent
Length, m
0.25
0.40
0.40
0.50
0.65
0.80
1.00
1.40
1.80

Qty

Size

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

0.5
0.75

1.25

2.01
4.67
1.98
1.98
1.98
4.83
1.85
4.8
0.3
4.33
1.87
7.61
4.7
1
6

m/sec
8.41
8.42
7.08
9.44
11.80
9.05
10.55
12.06
6.09
12.18
9.40
10.78
11.06
11.34
13.82

)Vg = Qg * (10)6 / (0.785 *(di)2 * 3600

Vg = Compressed air velocity, m/s
di = Pipe inside diameter, mm
Qg = Compressed air flow rate, m3/h

, K
303.00
303.00
303.00
303.00
303.00
303.00
303.00
303.00
303.00
303.00
303.00
303.00
303.00
303.00
303.00
0

alent Length Table in Compressed Air Pipe lines

Equivalent Pipe Length (m)
Nominal Pipe Size (inches, mm)
1 1/4"

1 1/2"

2"

2 1/2"

3"

32 mm

40 mm

50 mm

0.35

0.5

0.6

0.8

1.2

0.65
0.5

0.8
0.7

1
0.85

1.4
1.1

1.8
1.3

2.4
1.6

1.8

2.4

2.7

3.6

4.6

5.7

65 mm 80 mm

4"
100 mm

:1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.

)Piping Equivalent Length (ft

Section
Piping
Pressure

Section

OWS

TEES

Total

Drop Rate
One Tee
Tees Total
Equivalent
Qty Equivalent Equivalent
)Length, m Length, m Length (m) (Kpa / m
1.00
0.50
0.50
0.75
0.2040
0.70
0.00
0.40
0.1305
0.70
0.00
0.40
0.0650
1.40
0.00
0.50
0.1107
1.80
0.00
0.65
0.1672
2.40
0.00
0.80
0.0763
2.70
0.00
1.00
0.1015
3.60
0.00
1.40
0.1299
4.60
0.00
1.80
0.0203
0.00
0.00
0.0732
0.00
0.00
0.0272
0.00
0.00
0.0350
0.00
0.00
0.0367
0.00
0.00
0.0384
0.00
0.00
0.0555

Size
0.50

Elbows
Total
Equivalent
Length, m
0.25
0.40
0.40
0.50
0.65
0.80
1.00
1.40
1.80
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

lines

5"
125 mm
1.5
3.2
2

Piping

Components P (Kpa)
Filter(s) Drier
Others

Total P

Section
P
(Kpa)
0.1530
0.0522
0.0260
0.0553
0.1087
0.0611
0.1015
0.1818
0.0366
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000

(Kpa)

0.1530
0.0522
0.0260
0.0553
0.1087
0.0611
0.1015
0.1818
0.0366
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000

0.78

Notes


15 3




10

Inlet

Inlet

Type K Pipe Dia.

Air Flow Air Flow

Section

Nominal, Inside

Pressur Tempera

ture, 0K
303.00
303.00
303.00
303.00
303.00
303.00
303.00
303.00
303.00
303.00
303.00
303.00
303.00
303.00
303.00

Rate,

Dia., mm e, Kpa

250.00
250.15
250.21
250.23
250.29
250.40
250.46
250.56
250.74
250.78
250.78
250.78
250.78
250.78
250.78

13.39
18.92
25.27
25.27
25.27
31.62
31.62
31.62
49.76
49.76
73.84
73.84
73.84
73.84
73.84

m3/hr
inch
4.26
1/2
8.52
3/4
12.78
1
17.04
1
21.3
1
25.56
1 1/4
29.82
1 1/4
34.08
1 1/4
42.6
2
85.2
2
144.84
3
166.14
3
170.4
3
174.66
3
213
3

Rate,

No.
Lpm
O-1
71
1-2
142
2-3
213
3-4
284
4-5
355
5-6
426
6-7
497
7-8
568
8-9
710
9 - 10
1420
10 - 11
2414
11 - 12
2769
12 - 13
2840
13 - 14
2911
14 - Comp 3550

)dp = 150.37 (q)1.85 (L) (104) / (d)5 (p

Where:dp = pressure drop Kpa
q = air volume flow, m3/ hr
L = length of pipe, m
)d = inside diameter of pipe (mm
p = initial pressure, Kpa

:1
2
3
4
5
6
7

.
.
.
.
.
.
.

)Piping Equivalent Length (ft

ELBOWS
TEES
One
Elbows
Elbow
Total
Equivale Equivale
Qty
Size
nt
nt
Length, Length,
m
m
1
0.25
0.25
0.50
1
0.40
0.40
1
0.40
0.40
1
0.50
0.50
1
0.65
0.65
1
0.80
0.80
1
1.00
1.00
1
1.40
1.40
1
1.80
1.80
0.00
0.00
2
0.00
0.00
0.00
3
0.00

Air
Straight

Size

0.5
0.75

1.25

Length,

Velocity,

m/sec
m
3.77
2.01
3.78
4.67
3.17
1.98
4.23
1.98
5.29
1.98
4.05
4.83
4.73
1.85
5.40
4.8
2.72
0.3
5.45
4.33
4.20
1.87
4.82
7.61
4.95
4.7
5.07
1
6.1833
6

)Vg = 131 *Qg * T / ((di)2 * P

Vg = Compressed air velocity, m/s
di = Pipe inside diameter, mm
Qg = Compressed air flow rate, m3/h
T = Compressed air temperature, 0K
P = Compressed gas inlet pressure, Kpa absolute

nt Length (ft)

Section

TEES
One Tee Tees
Equivale Total
Equivale
Qty
nt
nt
Length, Length,
m
m
1.00
0.50
0.50
0.70
0.00
0.70
0.00
1.40
0.00
1.80
0.00
2.40
0.00
2.70
0.00
3.60
0.00
4.60
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
3/4

18.92

1 1/4

31.62

0.00

1 1/2

37.62

0.00

49.76

0.00

2 1/2
3

61.85
73.84

0.00
0.00

Piping
Section
Total
Equivale
nt
Length
(m)
0.75
0.40
0.40
0.50
0.65
0.80
1.00
1.40
1.80
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

Piping

Pressur
e Drop
Rate

Section
P

(Kpa /
(Kpa)
m)
0.2040 0.1530
0.1305 0.0522
0.0650 0.0260
0.1107 0.0553
0.1672 0.1087
0.0763 0.0611
0.1015 0.1015
0.1299 0.1818
0.0203 0.0366
0.0732 0.0000
0.0272 0.0000
0.0350 0.0000
0.0367 0.0000
0.0384 0.0000
0.0555 0.0000

Components P (Kpa)
Filter(s)

Components P (Kpa)
Drier
Others

Total P Notes
(Kpa)

0.1530
0.0522
0.0260
0.0553
0.1087
0.0611
0.1015
0.1818
0.0366
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000

0.78