Al Mahdi Schools

Mathematics

Name: . . . . . . . .

10th-Grade

" Foundations of Sets"

CH-1: Foundations of Sets

10th Grade
Copyright RABIH KHATER,
2015-2016.

Introductive - activity:

Objectives of session 2:

Consider the following Venn-diagram:

Subsets.

Introduction & Definition.

Properties.

8.

Equal sets.

Operations on sets.
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- Definition.
- Properties.

In other words: If for every

, we get
then we say that A is Subset of B.
means A is a subset of B.

Properties:

A A
A void set is subset of every set: A
If
and
then A D

Every set is a subset of itself:

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7.

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Equal sets:

A Set is said to be a subset (part or contained) of

another if all of its elements belong to another.

In Symbols:

3.
9.

1. List elements that belong to set:

1) A = 3,12,6,9
2) B = 12,6
2. Can we say that all elements of B belong to A?
3. Is the converse true?

Complement of a set.

Subset:

6.
12.

Consider the following sets:

A {x / x N & x 2 4 0}
B {x / x N & x is an even prime}
1) Write the sets A & B in extension.

2) Is
3) Is

A {2}
&
B {2}
? Justify. Yes, since
? Justify. Yes, since

as well
as well

Conclusion: Two sets are equal if and only if (iff):

and

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Handouts-2. For Foundations of sets

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Complement of a set: --

- Venn-diagram.
In comprehension.
- Properties.

In words.
Applications.

Let E be the reference, such that

Complement of a set: Take a set E, so that

The complement of the set A in E is the set of all

elements that are in E but not in A .

The complement of a set is denoted by: [

A
E

Which part of

represents

or A

Eg: Find the complement of:

In comprehension: A = { x | x A }

Properties: If A & B are any two subsets of E then

iff
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Union

Intersection

Elements in at least one of the two sets:

Elements in exactly one of the two sets:

AB = { x | x A and x B }

AB = { x | x A or x B }

AB

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Handouts-2. For Foundations of sets

AB

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Disjoint Sets

Set Identities via Venn

Def: If A and B have no common elements, they

are said to be disjoint.

Its often simpler to understand an

identity by drawing a Venn Diagram.
For example De Morgan's first law

U
A

A B A B

can be visualized as follows.

i.e. A B =
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10

Visual DeMorgan

Visual DeMorgan
B:

A:

11

AB :

A:

B:

A:

B:

A B :

A B :

L5

12

L5

13

Visual DeMorgan

A B

=
A B
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Handouts-2. For Foundations of sets

14

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