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ISSN 2052-5958
Original
Open Access
Abstract
Background: Sikkim, India has maintained the global targets of 70% detection and 85% cure of the new smear positive cases since
2003; however, the rate of retreatment cases have become a matter of concern. An accurate analysis of the retreatment cases and
their treatment outcome is needed to ascertain the strengths and weaknesses in the management of retreatment.
Methods: Diagnosis, classification, chemotherapy and outcomes following treatment were noted. Treatment details were updated
regularly and the patients final outcome was recorded at the end of their treatment. Annual notification and treatment outcome
analysis was conducted for retreatment cases as a whole as well as for each sub-category of retreatment independently. The Chi
square test was used to assess the statistical significance of each rate ratio. A statistical test was considered significant when the P
value was <0.005.
Results and discussion: Overall relapse cases (63.8%) were the most common; followed by failure cases (20.8%) and treatment
after default cases (15.2%). Overall cohort analysis of retreatment cases shows treatment cure rate of 62.4% and treatment failure
of 22.1%. Stratified cohort analysis highlights treatment cure rate of 70.4% and 34.1% among relapses and failures. The treatment
failure rate for failures was 45.2%, strongly suggesting multi drug resistance (MDR); this highlights the need to implement
measures to reduce the number of failures. Among the treatment after default the default rate was 6.7%; strict treatment
adherence and positive patients attitude and behaviour towards the disease is the main solution to avoid defaulting.
Conclusion: In the retreatment category relapse cases were the most common retreatment category however these patients were
more likely to be cured with the Category II retreatment regimen; patients who failed the Category I treatment were most likely
to wound up as failures on the Category II retreatment regimen, and first time defaulters had a significant risk of defaulting from
the Category II retreatment regimen. Controlling the need for retreatment is the best known strategy, apart from this continuous
monitoring, adherence and treatment completion is essential in order to improve tuberculosis control.
Keywords: Retreatment category, failure, relapse, treatment after default and tuberculosis
Introduction
2013 Dolma et al; licensee Herbert Publications Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0). This permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
doi: 10.7243/2052-5958-1-3
doi: 10.7243/2052-5958-1-3
Total (n)
Failure cases
2002
47
70.2
14.8
2.1
11
45.4
45.4
27
55.5
18.5
2003
111
71.1
12.6
5.4
32
28.1
53.1
6.2
51
78.4
13.7
7.4
-
2004
111
65.7
20.7
5.4
38
52.6
26.3
5.2
30
66.6
20.0
6.6
2005
169
78.1
11.2
2.9
42
45.2
40.4
4.7
29
75.8
3.4
10.3
2006
144
69.4
14.5
5.5
48
37.5
43.7
4.1
22
77.2
18.1
2007
144
68.7
15.2
2.7
58
22.4
58.6
5.1
25
76.0
12.0
2008
152
73.0
19.7
1.3
44
20.4
56.8
6.8
29
62.0
20.6
10.3
2009
157
67.5
19.7
4.4
51
35.2
39.2
3.9
37
51.3
21.6
8.1
2010
150
68.0
22.6
4.0
63
33.3
41.2
3.1
33
60.6
15.1
6.0
Table 2. Rate ratios of treatment success, treatments failure and default across retreatment categories in Sikkim, 2002-2010.
Treatment success
Year
Relapse/Failure
Treatment Failure
Failure/Relapse
Failure/Treatment after
default
Default
Treatment after default /
Relapse
2002
38.3*
12.0*
0.16
0.00
0.00
1.00
2003
108.2*
24.2*
0.25
6.75*
8.33*
1.00
2004
58.1*
58.1*
8.72*
1.125
2.25
0.00
2005
166.1*
154.2*
0.05
25.0*
0.25
0.00
2006
111.2*
114.9*
0.00
38.0*
1.50
0.33
2007
129.0*
105.7*
4.32*
48.6*
4.50*
2.66
2008
170.0*
131.2*
0.58
20.9*
0.00
0.00
2009
122.0*
118.3*
3.92*
8.64*
1.8
0.00
2010
104.0*
107.5*
1.63
25.8*
2.25
0.00
Conclusion
doi: 10.7243/2052-5958-1-3
the most common retreatment category; patients who
relapse after receiving a single course of anti-tuberculosis
treatment were more likely to be cured with the Category
II retreatment regimen; patients who failed the Category I
treatment have a high risk of also failing on the Category II
retreatment regimen, and patients who default from a first
anti-tuberculosis treatment regimen have a significant risk
of also defaulting from the Category II retreatment regimen.
Hence, our national TB program should be designed on
guidelines where failure cases are prevented from failing
again and default cases from defaulting again. Controlling
the need for retreatment is the best known strategy in the
first place, apart from this continuous monitoring, adherence
to treatment and treatment completion is essential to review
the tuberculosis control programme in order to improve
tuberculosis control.
Competing interests
Authors contributions
Publication history
References
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doi: 10.7243/2052-5958-1-3
Citation:
Dolma KG, Adhikari L, Dadul P, Laden T, Singhi L and
Mahanta J: A study on the assessment of retreatment
tuberculosis patients attending the DOTS centre in
Sikkim, India from 2002-2010. Research Journal of
Infectious Diseases 2013, 1:3.
http://dx.doi.org/10.7243/2052-5958-1-3