I.

OBJECTIVES
At the end of the session, the students must be able to:
1. Determine the effect of an acid on iron metal.
2. Infer that rust is form due to prolonged exposure to oxygen and moisture in the
air in the presence of acid.
3. Enumerate the safety precautions in handling strong acids and bases.

II.

SUBJECT MATTER
A. CONCEPTS
Iron forms rust upon prolonged exposure to oxygen and moisture in the air
in the presence of acid.
Rust is hydrated iron.
Acids and bases with high concentration can cause serious burns.
Proper handling of strong acids and bases must be practice.
B. SKILLS
Illustrative
Discovery
Organize
Critical Thinking
Observant
Interpretative
C. VALUES
Observant
Cooperation
Teamwork
D. MATERIALS
For Activities:
1. cartolina
2. marker
3. tape
4. small iron nails
5. white vinegar
6. small clear cups
7. water
8. droppers
For Discussion
1. cartolina
2. tape
3. LCD Projector
4. Laptop
5. chalk
E. REFERENCES
1. Ferido, M. B., & Gutierrez, J. M. (2012). Diversity of Materials in the
Environment Quarter 1 and 2 Learners Material
2. Ferido, M. B., & Gutierrez, J. M. (2012). Diversity of Materials in the
Environment Quarter 1 and 2 Teachers Guide

III.

PROCEDURE
TEACHER'S ACTIVITY
I.
PRELIMINARY
Routine Activity
"Good Morning, class!"

STUDENTS' ACTIVITY

"Good morning, Ma'am!"

"Who can lead the prayer?"
(Raising their hands)
(Call someone in the class)

Let us bow our head and feel the

presence of the Lord.
(Bow down their head)
In the name of the Father, and of the
Son and of the Holy Spirit, Amen.
Our Father, who art in heaven, Holy be
Your name, Your kingdom come, Your
will be done, On earth as it is in Heaven.
Give us this day, our daily bread, And
forgive us our trespasses, As we forgive
those who trespass against us, Lead us
not into temptation but delivered us from
evil, Amen."
In the name of the Father, and of the
Son and of the Holy Spirit, Amen.

"Thank you. Before you take a

sit, please pick up the pieces of
paper under your table, align
your chairs and sit properly.
Miss Secretary, whos absent
for today?

Yes Maam!
None, Maam.

Thank you Miss Secretary. You

may take your sit.

Review
For the last few days, we
studied about acids and bases.
Anybody who can tell me about
what you have learned in our
lesson yesterday.
(Raising their hands)
(Call someone in the class)

The lesson was about the importance of

pH.

Then, what about the

importance of pH?
(Raising their hands)
(Call someone in the class)

In pH and the human body, acids and

bases perform specific functions to
balance the pH levels in the body.

Thats right! Another

importance of knowing pH?
(Call someone in the class)

Very well said! Change in pH

will cause food spoilage.
Another?
(Call someone in the class)

(Raising their hands)

During food processing, pH is closely
followed. Changes in pH affect the
growth of microorganisms.

(Raising their hands)

The pH of soil is very important. Some
plants grow well in acidic soil while
others prefer basic soil.

Very good! Thats why farmers

need to know also the pH of their
soil because it affects how much
nutrients will be available to
plants.
Another class?

(Raising their hands)

(Call someone in the class)

The average pH of rain is 5.6. Rain with

a pH below 5.6 is called acid rain.

Thats right! Some acid rain is

due to natural pollutants like
those from volcanic eruptions
and lightning. And the last
importance of pH?
(Call someone in the class)

Very good! This is true for hair

products. For example, at pH 12,
hair already dissolves, that is
why hair removers usually have
pH of 11.5 to12. Most shampoos
are within the pH range of 4 to 6.
This is because the pH of the
product must be compatible with
that of the hair, which is in the
range pH 4 to 5.
Now that you have learned and
realized the importance of
keeping the proper pH in the
human body, in food processing
and food preservation, in farming
and in personal care products, we
can now proceed to the next
lesson.

(Raising their hands)

Most personal care products have pH
kept at specific levels to avoid harmful
effects on the body.

(Students are listening)

Motivation
"I have here brown envelope.
Inside are pictures that were cut
into pieces. Each group will be
given an envelope to arrange the
puzzle. I will give you 5 minutes
to do this."
(After 5 minutes)
Representative from each group,
you may now post your output on
the board.
Group 1. What is the picture all
about?
Yes! Very good group 1. How
about the Group 2?

Good job group 2! Lets have

the Group 3.
Nice group 3! And the last
group, the Group 4.

Maam, its about a man putting paint

on the roof.
It was shown on the picture that the man
is putting grease on the metal chain of the
bicycle.
A woman wiping the car with dry
cloth.
Putting metal tools on sand.

Very well said!

Class, why do you think the
man is applying paint in the roof,
applying grease on the metal
chain in the bicycle, putting the
metal tools on the sand box and
wiping the metal cover with dry
cloth?

Lesson Proper
Very good! Now, do you have
any idea why rust form in
metals?
To answer this, lets do the
activity no. 3: What Happens to
a Metal when Exposed to an
Acidic Mixture?
For the past 2 days, I asked you
to prepare in advance some part
of this activity.
Now, you will transfer your
observation here in manila paper
that I provided for each group.
You may now group yourselves

To prevent the metals from rusting.

No, Maam!

and make a big circle. Move your

chairs quietly on the side.
You may now proceed with the
activity.
(Proceed to the activity)
If you have any question, just
raise your hands and I will be the
one to go to your place.
Yes, Maam!
I will give you 15 minutes to do
the activity.
Yes, Maam!
(Observe the working place of
each group)
Are you done, class?
Not yet, Maam!
Okay. You still have 5 minutes
to finish your work.
Yes, Maam!
Are you done, class?
Yes, Maam!
Then, lets proceed to the
discussion of your output.
For now, I just need 2 groups to
present their work and the 2 other
groups should pass their output.
(Group representatives come in front and
pick their group number)
I need 1 representative for each
group to know which group will
present first and second.
(2 groups post their work)
The 2 groups may now post
their work and the first group
may now proceed to the
discussion.
(The first group proceed to the
discussion)
Very good! Lets now proceed
to the other group.
(The other group proceed to the
discussion)
Good job! Every group has a
very good observation.
Now, lets have a discussion
about the activity.
(Using LCD projector, show the
title of the activity)
What Happens to a Metal when Exposed
to an Acidic Mixture?
Okay. From our activity, we
determine the effect of the acid

into a metal like in iron nails.

Why do you think are there
three different bottles for each
sample of iron nail in our
activity?
There are three different bottles for each
sample of iron nail to make sure that
replicate data are gathered for the setups,
Maam!
Thats right! We need to have 3
samples for us to make sure that
we have gathered consistent
data.
These are the day-to-day
observation from day 1 to day 3.
What happened to the nail after
3 days?
The nail become rusty.
Why do you think is the reason
for this?
Maam, this is due to the presence of
vinegar that we put on the nail.
Very good! Aside from the
presence of acid, what do you
think are the other reasons?
It is the prolonged exposure to oxygen
and moisture in the air.
Very good! Rust is hydrated
iron wherein it became hydrated
upon prolonged exposure to
oxygen and moisture in the air
and in the presence of acid.
(Using LCD Projector, show a
picture of a hydrated iron)
This is the reason why some of
the people paint their roofs and
putting grease in the metal chain
of bicycle.
Roofs form rust because of the
rain water which is also an
example of acid.
Now, can anyone tell me the
effect of an acid to a metal?
Acid makes the iron hydrated resulting
the iron to form rust.
Rust is only one of the effects of
acid on metal. Did you know that
acids and bases have also other
effects?

Now, look at these pictures.

(Using LCD projector, show the
other effects of strong acids and
bases)
Some of the acids and bases
with higher concentration can
cause serious burns in to our
skin.
This is why we should know the
proper way of handling strong
acid and strong base.
Can you give other acids you
know?
Muriatic acid, Maam!
What kind of acid is that? How
about sample of base?
Sodium hydroxide or liquid sosa.
In every acid and base, there are
particular ways in handling those
materials.
Anybody who can give me a
safety precautions in handling
acids and bases?
Keep out of reach of children.
Very good! I have here some
safety precautions in handling
strong acids and bases.
Will you read the 1st safety
precautions in handling strong
acids and bases?
Harmful or fatal if swallowed.
Yes! It is very harmful to
swallow because it can lead to
death. Next one?
Strong irritant to eye, skin, and mucous
membrane.
It can irritate our eyes or worse,
it can cause blindness and burns
into skin. Another one?
Do not take internally.
Do not try to taste or drink the
acids and bases because it can
affect the internal organ inside
the body. Another safety
precaution?
Avoid contact with eyes, nose and
mouth.
Ok. Another one?
Use only in well ventilated areas.
We need to use those materials
in a well-ventilated area because

some of them can start fire

because of the temperature of the
area. Another one?
Keep tightly sealed.
Always make sure that you
tightly sealed the container of
acids and bases to avoid the
spilling of it. Another one class?
Keep out of reach of children.
Always keep this kind of
material out of reach of children
because they are not aware with
the use of this and it can also
harm them. Another?
Poisonous.
Most of the acids and bases are
poisonous. Last one class?
Store in a cool dry place and locked
cabinet.
We need to place this kind of
materials in a locked cabinet to
make sure the safety of everyone
in your home.
These safety precautions are
usually written at the label of
these products.
For your safety, you should
make it a habit to read product
labels before using them.

Generalization
Let us summarize our
discussion for acid and base.
What will form after soaking
metal into an acid?
(Raising their hands)
(Call someone in the class)

Rust, Maam!

Then, what is rust?

(Raising their hands)
(Call someone in the class)

Rust is hydrated iron wherein it became

hydrated upon prolonged exposure to
oxygen and moisture in the air and in the
presence of acid.

Very good! And the effect of an

acid to metal?
(Raising their hands)
(Call someone in the class)
Give me at least one safe way in
handling an acid like muriatic
acid?

Acid makes the iron hydrated resulting

the iron to form rust.

(Raising their hands)

(Call someone in the class)
Do not take internally.
Very good! Let me see if you
really learn something from our
discussion about acid and base.

IV.

V.

Get sheet of paper and we

have a short quiz about our
discussion for today.
ASSESSMENT
MULTIPLE CHOICE
Direction: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the answer in your answer sheet.
1. Which of the following will happen to iron metal when exposed to oxygen and
moisture? It will form a ______.
a. burn
c. moisture
b. rust
d. oxygen
2. Rust is a ________ iron.
a. hydrated
b. oxygenized
c. moist
d. acidic
3. Why strong acids and bases should be handle with care?
a. Because it is fragile.
b. Because it can cause harmful effects to the body.
c. Because it can break easily.
d. Because it has bad smell.
4. Give a safe way you should practice when you handle an acid, like muriatic acid.
a. Do not take internally (Do not taste or drink).
b. Avoid contact with eyes, nose and mouth.
c. Use only in well ventilated areas.
d. All of the above.
5. The following are the safety precautions in handling base, like sodium hydroxide or
liquid sosa EXCEPT:
a. Always keep the container open.
b. Use only in well-ventilated area.
c. Keep out of reach of children.
d. Store in a warm place.
ASSIGNMENT
1. Give other ways to prevent iron from rusting.
2. Write 3 strong acids and bases that you have inside your house.

Philippine Normal University

National Center for Teacher Education
Taft Ave., Manila

DETAILED LESSON PLAN

Topic: What Happens to a Metal when Exposed to an
Acidic Mixture?
(Acid and Base)

Submitted by:
Barida, Danilyn R.
IV-20 BSE Chemistry

Mrs. Edna F. Dela Cruz

Cooperating Teacher