1

1.

---- who will become schizophrenic. .

6.

Laxatives provide an example ----. .

A) There seems to be a genetic predisposition

A) of how drugs can interfere with nutrient absorption

B) A cure is nowhere in sight

B) if they are taken daily over a long period of time

C) Neither doctors nor scientists can accurately

predict

C) when the acidity of the digestive tract was affected

D) since the rate of absorption was excessive

D) They confuse the real and the imaginary

E) that stimulate the secretion of digestive juices

E) Treatment of the disorder is improving

7.
2.

In general, when credit demand is low, ----. .

A) it is not sensible to take out loans during deflation

A) we depend upon nature to provide the basics of

life, such as food and oxygen

B) following the wrong guideline could have been

catastrophic

B) many resources are used once and then thrown

away

C) interest rates measure the cost of credit, not the

price of money

C) modern technical challenges are seldom met by

scientists

D) interest rates are correspondingly low

D) scientists and engineers must work to develop

energy-efficient processes

E) precautionary savings were rising at this time

3.

E) engineers must solve problems without even

understanding the underlying theory

---- that engineers do not restrict themselves to

technical matters. .
A) The engineering curriculum has long required

Because energy production expends resources

and causes pollution, ----..

8.

If only she had come up with some positive

suggestions, ----..

B) Many potential leaders were of the opinion

A) the scheme certainly had very many drawbacks

C) The courses involved substantial reading and

writing assignments

B) nobody else is likely to complain

D) The aim was to attract a wider audience

C) so far this is the best thesis to be submitted

E) He acquired a sophisticated knowledge of scientific

and technical matters

D) the others will already have been rejected

E) I wouldnt have minded her criticism of the project

4.

---- even though shes still not prepared to

forgive herself. .
A) The wrong person got blamed
B) After all, she committed an error, not a crime
C) Others were also involved in the affair
D) A lot of people have forgiven her
E) She was wrongly accused

5.

When glucose or fatty acids are limited, ----..

A)

each antibody is designed to destroy just one

invader

B) cells are forced to use amino acids for energy and

glucose
C) plant proteins are of lower quality than animal
proteins
D) the body would have no storage site for extra
amino acids
E) in a normal, healthy individual, most diseases
never have a chance to get started

9.

---- while such African languages as Hausa and

Swahili continued to serve the everyday needs of
the masses..
A) During the colonial era in Africa, English became
the shared language of the administration and a
Western-educated lite
B) In colonial Africa, the teaching of English literature
is no longer popular
C) Modern African writers have found it necessary to
adapt certain aspects of English
D) Today, English is the official language of sixteen
countries in Africa
E) English as a second language has been taught in
Africa for nearly four hundred years

10.

---- but cannot be proved and is difficult to

assess..

14.

A) The influence of Samuel Johnsons Dictionary of the

English Language on the development of the
language has been widely assumed

A) as a new constitution transferred power from the

king to Parliament
B) so that it could no longer continue as a great power

B) Samuel Johnsons Dictionary of the English

Language played a role in propagating a standard
spelling among the less literate

C) that the country was forced to surrender part of its

territory to Russia
D) in that nearly one million Swedes migrated, mostly
to America

C) Samuel Johnson was an enthusiastic reader of

classical and English literature from his earliest
years

E) even though the Swedes had contributed to

Europes Age of Enlightenment with advances in
science

D) It took Samuel Johnson eight or nine years to

complete work on his Dictionary of the English
Language
E) With his Dictionary of the English Language,
Samuel Johnson provided a powerful but
conservative model of language usage
11.

15.

A) because between the snowy peaks of the Alps and

the rugged shores of Sicily lies a whole series of
regions, each with its distinctive culture

A) the powers of computers have expanded vastly due

to advanced research

B) but there are many other attractive historic towns

and cities

B) countless technologies not envisioned yet will be

available to us

C) but people speak of two Italies: the rich industrial

North and the poorer agricultural South

C) a great deal of scientific effort is being made to find

solutions to complex problems

D) just as the government has allocated extra funds

for road repairs

D) most people in developed countries enjoy a state of

true health throughout their lives

E) where Milan, Bologna and Verona are the key

transport centres
16.

Neanderthals were a recent evolutionary human

relative ----..

B) even a small sensor can detect a wide range of

chemicals
C) harmless fumes had been caused by a small leak of
oil

B) as researchers studying human origins debated this

question for decades

D) it is guaranteed to alarm the pilot

C) which are muscular and robust, with a brain similar

to ours in size
D) while the relationship between humans and
Neanderthals may best be described as sister
species

Though the smell of fumes in an aircraft cockpit

may not always spell danger, ----..
A) a forced landing could have been avoided

A) who lived in Europe and became extinct 30,00040,000 years ago

E) such a detector can easily be fitted into an aircraft

17.

Because children enjoy the process of play, ----..

A) various other options had been taken into
consideration

E) despite the fact that they had hands as nimble as

those of present-day humans, with a thumb and
fingers
13.

Road and rail connections in Italy are generally

better in the north, ----. .

Before the 21st century has run its course, ----..

E) our knowledge of the world around us has

improved to a great extent
12.

By 1809, Swedens military power had waned to

such an extent ----..

B) they are not primarily focused on achieving a

product or achieving a goal

The Welsh language has changed so little

through the centuries ----..

C) group demands begin to grow steadily

D) many alternative approaches also had to be tested

A) whose annual Eisteddfod celebration honours its

best poets and writers
B) that an educated Welshman can still read the
Welsh of the Middle Ages
C) as more and more English families settle in Wales,
bringing their habits with them
D) although Wales recently formed its own national
assembly
E) unless it embodies the kind, unambitious nature of
the Welsh people

E) the acquisition of social skills is a positive asset

18.

---- when countered by antistress measures such

as exercising, enjoying time with friends and
cultivating a hobby..
A) The ladder of success is a hard one
B) There must be a balance between tension and
relaxation
C) Workloads seem lighter
D) Relaxation techniques are easy to learn
E) Stress can be understood in a variety of ways

19.

If there is too much mineral accumulation in the

compost, ----..

24.

Environmentalists are criticizing the patent office

for delaying its decision on some new measuring
instruments ----..

A) roots get burnt and plants die

A) while the guidelines have been consistently ignored

B) some plants need less fertilizer than others

B) if applications for patents on plants are on the

increase

C) the flowering season was greatly reduced

D) most plants grow far more quickly in wet areas

C) before objections were filed against patents on a

herbicide resistant plant

E) the growing conditions also need to be considered

20.

D) since they believe that these are urgently needed

to detect certain problems

---- that the reasons for introducing the newdesign dollar bills were the persistent reports of
high quality counterfeits circulating in the Middle
East..

E) as if the controversy had actually died down

25.

A) Following a US Secret Service probe, the US

Federal Reserve has wondered
B) Enormous quantities of dollar bills are held in
reserve in the US and overseas

A) Though many migratory birds are immune to the

effects of the avian flu virus

C) All of them are old allegations made by the US

Federal Reserve

B) Since many residents of outlying villages have

refused to carry out the culling of their chickens to
prevent the spread of avian flu

D) The US governments currency policy has been

sharply criticised

C) Despite the fact that the avian flu virus is spread,

primarily, by migratory birds

E) It has been claimed, but never confirmed by the US

Federal Reserve,
21.

E) If the spread of the avian flu virus through

populations of wild birds remains unchecked
26.

Until China becomes the most powerful nation in

the world, with Chinese spoken universally, ----..

B) as the economies of developing nations will grow

over the next few decades

A) the problems of wide variations in English may well

be lessened

C) if developing nations were exempted from the

Kyoto Agreement

B) English will remain the primary language of science

and diplomacy

D) since the US government announced that it would

not participate in Kyoto Agreement

C) many countries in the world have shifted to printing

their scientific journals only in English

E) that the participating nations must make large and

costly changes in their energy systems

D) immigrants to the United States or Britain acquire

English rapidly and well

Oxygen, sugars and amino acids are allowed into

the brain ----..

E) people who speak English and another language

have an advantage over those who speak only
English

A) as toxins could severely impair the brains

functioning
B) which provided early evidence of the blood-brain
barrier
C) but most other substances are kept out
D) that controls which molecules in the bloodstream
can enter the brain
E) just as no other organ is equally efficient
23.

D) As symptoms of bird flu in humans are similar to

those of common flu

The United Nations officially recognized the

greenhouse effect in 1995, ----..
A) when its International Panel on Climate noted that
human activity had a discernible influence on
global temperatures

22.

----, they operate as effective carriers and may

pass it on to other birds which are more
susceptible. .

Africa Report is a weekly TV programme ----..

A) unless it showcases the very best in Africa
B) that focuses on business and investment in Africa
C) though it covers everything from economic reform to
rewarding investment opportunities
D) so it has 250 million viewers in Africa alone
E) as it is brought to you by the worlds leading business
channel

27.

---- what makes Hong Kong so exhilarating..

A) Its hard to explain
B) Many travellers are curious
C) One soon becomes aware
D) It has been debated
E) We have been much impressed

28.

----, yet it is not possible to go much further

without any breakthroughs in battery
technology..

32.

A) but assessment of any shift in this respect requires

genetic data sampled over time

A) Electric cars dont make economic sense in view of

the harsh environmental regulations in force

B) even though, for most species, environmental

conditions have some impact on breeding

B) Electric cars have simply been a technological

failure

29.

Climate change may alter the genetic

composition of species, ----..

C) Hybrid cars are certainly a step in the right

direction

C) despite the fact that recent analyses clearly show

the magnitude and direction of genetic shifts in
various populations

D) Any fuel savings resulting from electric or hybrid

cars are likely to be offset by the cost of the cars
themselves

D) which, according to the evidence available, is

geographically widespread from North Africa to
Scandinavia

E) One fears that the hybrid car may be yet another

technological failure

E) so long as one can observe the genetic impact that

environmental differences have on living beings

---- because he had led the country into four wars

which he had lost, and brought economic ruin to
his people..

33.

----, street crime in major Asian cities is still less

common than in most European cities..
A) Since the governments are concerned

A) Serbia experienced widespread corruption under

Milosevic, who ruled the country as a dictator

B) Because severe measures had been taken

C) Though it is rising sharply

B) Many Serbians felt humiliated by the atrocities

commited in Bosnia by the Milosevic government

D) If one were to admit it

C) Milosevics rule in Serbia literally meant political

tyranny, which led to pro-democracy protests in the
country
D) Milosevic, the ex-president of Serbia, was protested
nationwide and then removed from power

E) Before reliable statistical data can be obtained

34.

A) he grew less active and less dogmatic

E) Today Serbias writers constantly remind their

people of the shameful past of their country under
Milosevic
30.

B) hell start to interfere less with the affairs of the

company

Many of the larger companies in Somalia have

issued shares, ----..

C)

A) if the lack of a government in the country poses a

wide range of problems

E) the more he plays the role of the big businessman

B) since the local telecom offers the best and

cheapest phone service in Africa

35.

B) Ukrainian migrants often took on menial jobs

C) Many Ukrainian women had been tempted
overseas by promises of glamorous careers

E) even if foreign aid might have benefits as well as

drawbacks

D) There were Ukrainian immigrants in Western

Europe working on farms

Traditionally, textbooks on British government

and politics have focused on institutions and
behaviour ----..

B) in case political institutions and issues are

inseparable and need to be discussed together
C) just as a brief analysis of the leading types of
government found in the modern world was left out
D) because one had to explore in detail the impact of
Thatcherism upon British politics
E) while ignoring the controversies and issues which
are the fundamentals of politics

---- since the break-up of the Soviet Union..

A) Millions of Ukrainians have gone abroad in search
of a living

D) but business leaders have taken steps to increase

the countrys foreign-trade capacity

A) whether it is appropriate to describe the British

Constitution as uncodified rather than unwritten

hes not grown any wiser

D) he now seems determined to assert his authority

C) although there is no stock exchange or financial

authority of any sort in the country

31.

As he grew older, ----..

E) From time to time Ukraine felt threatened

politically
36.

The UN insists ----..

A) even though Chinas economic growth must have
had a perverse effect on democratization
B) because China had underinvested in crucial social
services, especially education and public health
C) that China is under an unconditional obligation to
prohibit torture and ill-treatment
D) as Koreas political system is more likely to
experience decay than democracy
E) since civil wars have devastated African
economies, leaving millions dead and millions more
displaced

37.

The European Central Bank cant raise rates ----..

41.

A) just as they would have benefited Europes largest

economies

A) Visitors to Lake Trasimeno will see few other

tourists

B) because the Eurozones two largest economies,

France and Germany, need lower interest rates to
spur growth

38.

B) Perugia is home to a world-famous jazz festival in

the summer and a chocolate festival in the fall

C) since the European countries were particularly

scared of an approaching crash

C) In the town of Deruta, handmade gift-items fill

many shop Windows

D) while, in Spain, interest rates on mortgages were

almost zero

D) Tuscany attracts more than 12 per cent of all

visitors to Italy

E) so long as real estate in Ireland and Spain had been

overvalued by 15 and 13 per cent respectively

E) Scenic stone hilltowns such as Assisi and Gubbio

are among the main attractions

----, Afghanistan is still a country on edge..

42.

A) As the UN Security Council passed two resolutions

in 1999 and 2000, demanding the Taliban cease
their support for terrorism

B) Crocodiles are found near swamps, lakes, and

rivers in Asia, Africa, Australia, and Central America

C) Since 50 per cent of voters braved threats of

insurgent attacks to vote in the September
parliamentary elections
D)

C) As recently as several decades ago, crocodiles

were plentiful in much of the tropics and subtropics

Ever since the Taliban seized control of Kabul in

September 1996

D) This would have helped crocodiles to adapt to

different environments

E) Four years after the US and its allies ousted the

Taliban from power
Although the British Royal Navy claims that it
was not operating any warships in the area at
the time, ----..

E) Crocodiles can grow up to 7 metres in length, and

have long, powerful tails that propel them when
swimming
43.

A) underwater noise hasnt been fully recognized as a

form of pollution

While some argue that the Elgin Marbles, ----, are

more carefully preserved there, the Grek
government does not accept the legality of the
sale that took place in 1816 and believes they
belong in Athens..

B) it must have been military sonar that killed the

whales and dolphins

A) after they were acquired from the Otoman

authorities of the time

C) there are no hard and fast guidelines for seismic

surveys

B) since they are also called the Parthenon Marbles

C) so they are very famous indeed

D) the UK would have had 25 warships which carried

active sonar

D) which are kept in the British Museum in London

E) a number of marine mammals beached themselves

during this American military operation

E) as if they were sold to the British nation

44.

40.

----, where they are often seen floating in the

water like logs, with only their nostrils, eyes, and
ears above the surface..
A) The Mississippi alligator, the American crocodile,
and the Chinese alligator are the only other species

B) Unless President Hamid Karzai had an army of

20,000

39.

----, but just over 1 per cent of them spend the

night in Umbria, in the south of Tuscany..

Half of the increase in EU Aid for Trade is

specifically targeted toward the African,
Caribbean and Pacific countries (ACP), ----..

A colour-blind person cannot see any difference

between two colours ----..
A) while to people with normal sight they are clearly
different

A) unless the European Commission set up this

programme to promote investment and technology
flow in these countries

B) as if red and green were completely different

B) although the EU has used trade to advance its

development cooperation objectives in the ACP
nations for decades

D) since this is a potentially dangerous situation

C) with which the EU is negotiating regional Economic

Partnership Agreements designed to remove all
tariff and quota barriers to the EU market
D) which could have enabled the least-developed
countries to use trade more effectively to achieve
their development goals
E) because the European Commission allocated
billions of dollars for cooperation with non-ACP
countries

C) if this were the case with traffic-lights

E) whether the top light or the bottom light signals

stop

45.

All the major cities and islands of Spain have

airports, ----..

49.

A) the oxygen canisters located above the passenger

seats in a plane provide oxygen to the passengers
through masks

A) but buses will be a faster and more frequently used

option between smaller towns
B) until Spain has an increasingly efficient
transportation system

B) the oxygen-generator canisters must be replaced

periodically to ensure that they will operate
properly when needed

C) even if both the road and rail networks were

greatly improved during the 1980s and in the runup to the Barcelona Olympics in 1992

C) the oxygen canister contains a core of sodium

chlorate, which is activated by a small explosive
charge

D) so in much of rural Spain, public transportation is

limited and a car is the most practical solution for
getting around

D) the airline maintenance rules made it clear that a

bright yellow safety cap must be installed on the
oxygen canisters

E) though only a few of them cater to international

flights
46.

In the US in 1882, Peter J. McGuire, who is

generally given credit for the idea of Labor Day,
suggested to the Central Labor Union of New
York ----..

Should the cabin pressure somehow be lost, ----..

E) a small explosion was initiated when a passenger

pulled the oxygen mask toward herself
50.

Although stem cells are found in many tissues, ---..

A) they have great potential to treat diseases

A) if there was any particular significance for the date

B) that there should be a holiday honouring American
workers
C) whether the significance of Labor Day in the US
had changed
D) whereas, in many other countries, May Day serves
a similar purpose
E) when the first Monday in September was to be
known as Labor Day
47.

Germany is similar in many ways to France, Italy

and the UK ----..
A) unless it attaches primary importance to both
multilateral and bilateral diplomacy
B) as though the EU were essentially in control of
environmental policies
C) where the foreign policy process in Germany had to
agree to a compromise in recent years
D) although this had led to arguments concerning the
proper role of the German Foreign Ministry in
shaping and implementing policy
E) in that it is one of just a few European states which
attempt to maintain worldwide representation

48.

Shortly after the Golden Gate Bridge was

opened, ----. .
A) some aesthetic and artistic concerns may have
dominated the visual design of the bridge
B)

it has been an enormously successful bridge by

most aesthetic and functional criteria

C)

its roadway proved to be overly flexible under

certain wind conditions

D) the design of the bridges towers was tested on

scale models, and construction of the bridge
started
E) a number of such structures were acting similarly

B) the most promising ones seem to be those in bone

marrow
C) specialists have been very enthusiastic
D) special staining techniques revealed that the cells
were indeed dividing
E)

the results of that study have yet to be announced

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