NAME

MATRIX NO.

MUHAMMAD NAJMI BIN

MOHD AMIR
MUHAMMAD HAIRI BIN
AMAT NOR

2014657602
2014654942

Faculty of Architecture, Planning and Surveying

Department of Surveying, Science and Geomatics
COURSE

PRINCIPLES OF CARTOGRAPHY (GEO362)

TITLE

ASSIGNMENT 1
PREPARED BY
GROUP

RAP1205F
LECTURER NAME

SIR HAMLUSSALAM BIN MD DALI

SUBMITION DATE

5/8/2016
MARK

TABLE OF CONTENT
INTRODUCTION
3
OLD CATHOGRAPHY METHOD
4
CARTHOGRAPHY IN DIGITAL METHOD
5
GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION FEATURES CODE
MS1759
7
MALAYSIA MAP PROJECTION
CONCLUSION
10
REFERENCE
11

INTRODUCTION

Art, science and technology of making maps together with their study as scientific documents and
works of art is a one of Cartography definition 1.Other definition of Cartography is the part of
conveying of geospatial information by means of maps. The simple word for cartography is work in
making map with their aspects and concept. Person who making maps is call Cartographer.
Cartographers have expertise, Cartographic skills and systematically technique in producing map for
certain user. In producing serious, real and informative map, adequate data (attribute data) and
Cartographic Instrument must have for each Cartographer to implement and visualize in map.
Common example of map that have today is Topographical map, Thematic Map, Cadastral Certified
Plan, Index map and Orthophoto. The other, in Geomatics Course the Cartography is a branch of that.
From knowing the map projection to purpose of map produced, the surveyor team need to know the
location project site. The Cartographic knowledge was known by people from the ancient time or
prehistoric time. The map they create is sculpture on stone wall and papyrus leaf. Nowadays,
technology for Cartography are more reliable and up-to-date. Produce map process in today is by
digital method such as computer with map editor software installed. This method is more easy than
old method in producing map.

1 Lecture Note Chapter 1 Introduction of Cartography; International Cartographic

Association, 1973
3

1. OLD CARTOGRAPHY TECHNOLOGY

After development of Industrial technology, there are many kinds of map exist parallel to the era. The
changing of technology in produce map is based on difference idea factor. The idea concept is based
on

Representation the concept

Geometry
The dissent information to be right
Globalism
Science and Measurement
Distribution Concept
Ecology

Commonly, the cartographers are borrow and apply the innovation of technology in their work in
making map. This include how data to be distribute on map, how map that was reproduced and how
the map produced can be use with perfect.2
The map production in early period, the map is assembled and fit (compile) by Analog Compilation
Worksheet. Map is compile and produced based on manual or traditional photomechanical methods. 3
The revolution of Cartography Technology is based on Technical Development. The application in
Mechanical Principle, Optic, Chemical, Metal Research, electromagnetic and electronic in map
making process.4
i.

Cartographers at the former time be a skillful, only use hand tool like brush, fur, and style and

ii.

draw on papyrus, silk, sheep skin, clay, and metal.

Second generation Cartography Technology, the magnetic compass. This magnetic compass

iii.

was brought too Western from China in 12 centuries.

3rd generation for innovation technology in Cartography course involving mechanical
princsipt. In today period exist strong combination between powerful machine with energetic

iv.
v.

human.
Optic Technology; Optic Technology is applied in trace then collect the environmental data.
Photo-chemical Technology; There are involve the lithography, photography and application

vi.

tracing technique.
Electronic Technology; Using computer to produce map by manual was replaced by digital
method. There are implement hardware and software in map making process.

2 Pengenalan kepada Kartografi, Ruslan Rainis, m/s 13-25

3 Slide Note Principle of Cartography GEO362 Map Compilation and Cartographic
Design.
4 Pengenalan kepada Kartografi; Ruslan Rainis,Muhd. Faris Dziaudidin; m/s 19-24
4

2. CARTOGRAPHY IN DIGITAL METHOD

This technology concept is depending on computer, earth satellite orbit and telecommunication
system. All of this matter must be apply to make inventory and manage the world we stay is
INFORMATION. Information system was created for provide the environmental need that called as
Geographic Information System(GIS). In case, data that was collected is related to reference data
space. Below is the new digital method in present the cartography.5
Digital mapping (Tomtom, Garmin Map, Android Apps Map) Digital mapping (also called digital
cartography) is the process by which a collection of data is compiled and formatted into a virtual
image. The primary function of this technology is to produce maps that give accurate representations
of a particular area, detailing major road arteries and other points of interest. The technology also
allows the calculation of distances from one place to another.
Though digital mapping can be found in a variety of computer applications, such as Google Earth, the
main use of these maps is with the Global Positioning System, or GPS satellite network, used in
standard automotive navigation systems.
1. Web-based Cartography Google Maps, Bing Maps, HERE Maps and many web-based map
exist today.

Figure 1
Picture above show MyGDIX map layout that was provided by Malaysia Geoportal Agencies in
Natural Resources and Environment.

5 Pengenalan kepada kartografi; Ruslan Rainis; m/s 25

5

Figure above Google Maps. The commonly used by almost people to pin point the location by get the
navigation from this Maps.

FlightRadar24 is one the Aircraft path map on the Earth air space. This show the various aircraft
flying path around the world from many airports to take off and landing at another airport.

QUESTION 2: - Describe in detail the geographic information features and attributes code
(MS1759) with appropriate examples.
MS1759 - THE GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION FEATURES AND ATTRIBUTES CODE
What is MS1759?
-Is a document that is prepared to set coding details and attributes and provides a description related to
the exchange of geospatial information
What is the function of MS1759?
-To facilitate the sharing of geospatial information
Who uses and the uses of the MS1759?
-Is intended for use by all businesses that produce, distribute or utilise geospatial data, either alone or
in conjunction with non-geospatial data.
-It provides a system for feature and attribute coding by which producers and users of geographic
information may use in structuring their digital spatial data. This standard facilities sharing and
exchanging between both data producers and users.
There were 12 categories of MS1759
A Aeronautical
B- Built Environment
D Demarcation
G Geology
H Hydrography
R Hypsography
S Soil
T Transportation
U Utility
V Vegetation
X Special Use
Z General

Who create MS1759?

It was produced by SIRIM Technical Committee 2 (TC2 / SIRIM) under the supervision of the
Department of Standards Malaysia. Purchase of Standard Malaysia document is by SIRIM.
7

Examples:
1. B- Built Environment
BA- Residential Building
Feature code: BA0010
Feature name: Residential building
Description: Building or property designated for use as premises for dwelling units or home.
Feature class: Point, Polygon
Possible attributes: Name (NAM), Area Measured (m2) (ARM), Building Name (BA1), Building
Number (BA2), Street Name (BA3), Post Code (BA4), State Name (BA5), Residential Building Type
(RET), Number of Storey (NOS), Lift Facilities (LIF), Residential Usage (RUE).
2. T- Transportation
TA- Land Transportation
Feature code: TA0060
Feature name: Road
Description: The centre line of an established surface on the right of way for exclusive use of vehicles
Feature class: Line
Possible attributes: Name (NAM), Area Measure (sq. m) (ARM), Toll (TOL), Traffic Flow (RDF),
Route Number (RTN), Number of Lane (LAN), Status (STA), Authority (AUT)

Figure 1: Road

QUESTION 3: - Discuss the map projection used to represent Malaysia in a map

Figure 2: RSO Oblique Mercator

What projection that suitable with Malaysia?

RSO Oblique Mercator

The RSO The RSO is an oblique Mercator projection developed by Hotine in 1947. Hotine

called the projection as "rectified skew orthomorphic (Northing, Easting).

This projection is orthomorphic (conformal) and cylindrical.
A suitable projection for an area like Switzerland, Italy, New Zealand, Madagascar, and

Malaysia as well.
The RSO provide an optimum solution in the sense of minimizing distortion whilst

remaining conformal for Malaysia.

Its scale factor varies from 0.99984 to 1.0016 leading to a maximum scale distortion of
1:6250.

CONCLUSION
There were many contributions from the cartographer in the past that have helped us nowadays since
they have developed many techniques and ways to produce a map that is very useful nowadays. The
maps are very important in surveying since with the maps we can know the locations of the lots and
many more. Furthermore, it had help in navigations in the past where the GPS is still doesnt exist or
widely use in the public. There were many challenging parts since we cannot have replicated the true
size or distance of the earth, so the cartographer has come with a way to solve this issues although it
was not perfect, it had helped us in our daily like for example producing idea like map projection etc.
Lastly, we need to be thankful to the cartographer that have shown us that map is not plain, but it
contains numerous of data that we can use based on the locations and art is the cartographer has to
have.

REFERENCE

Lecture Note Chapter 1 Introduction of Cartography; International Cartographic Association,

1973 Pengenalan kepada Kartografi, Ruslan Rainis, m/s 13-25
Slide Note Principle of Cartography GEO362 Map Compilation and Cartographic Design.
Pengenalan kepada Kartografi; Ruslan Rainis,Muhd. Faris Dziaudidin
Slide Note Geodetic Studies GEO270
MS1759 Website :http://standard.mygeoportal.gov.my/ms1759v3/page.php?pageid=content

10