I

Table : Modeling Assumptions

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.

The working fluid is an ideal gas.

The mass of the working fluid in the engine is constant
Instantaneous pressre
The engine workingspace consists of regions which are isothermal ia space
Piston motion is sinusoidal
External gas pressure is constant and equal to internal pressure with piston
Displacer motion is physically limitet by rigid stops
Displacer halts instantaneously when contact is made with stops
Other than that provided by the stops, the only force acting on the displac
between the internal and external engine pressure across the displacer rod

General Design Guidelines

1. Minimize displacer mass
2. Keep displacer stroke small
3. Design for lower engine speeds

re isothermal ia space anf time

al pressure with piston and displacer at midstroke

e with stops
acting on the displacer is that due to the difference
cross the displacer rod area.

Primary Parameters
Displacer diameter

Displacer area
Piston diameter
Piston area
Displacer rod diameter
Displacer rod area
Displacer stroke
Displacer half-stroke
Piston stroke
Piston half-stroke
Dead space volume
Displacer mass
Mean engine pressure
Hot end temperature
Cold end temperature
Deadspace temperature
Gas constant (Air)
Crankshaft angular velocity, Omega
Acceleration due to gravity
Displacer spring constant
Spring center (not Senft)

D
A
Dp
Ap
Dr
Ar
2L
L
2Lp
Lp
Vd
Md
Pc
Th
Tc
Td
R
w
g
S
d

Gas constant (Air)

Mean engine pressure 1 atm
Non-dimensional variables for analysis:-

283.2683
101325

J/kg/degK
Pa

Displacer diameter/Displacer stroke

Piston diameter/Piston stroke
Compression Ratio
Tau
TauPrime
Lambda
Kappa
Sigma
Rho
Beta
Chi
K

D/2L
Dp/2Lp
Vdis/Vp
Tc/Th
Tc/Td
Lp/L
Ap/A
TauPrime * Vd/AL
Ar/A
Lambda*Kappa/(1-Tau-Rho)
Sqrt(Beta^2 - 1)
APc*Rho(1-Tau-Rho)

Gamma_m
Gamma

LMd(1+Tau-Rho+Lambda*Kappa+Sigma)
*From TABLE 4.1 ,p.69
Sqrt(K)/Omega

Ks
Beta_S
Chi_S
Sbar

K - S/Md
Beta*K/Ks
Sqrt(Beta_S^2 - 1)
K*Md

Derived parameters
Hot space volume (mid-stroke)
Cold space volume (mid-stroke)
Dead space volume
Mass of gas
Disp start time, t0
Disp stop time, t1 (actual)
Disp stop time, t1 (max)
Displacer dwell angle
Displacer transit time
omegaBar
alpha (Disp. lead angle)
Schmidt power
Displacer power loss, Ploss
PV-Power
Displacer power loss, Ploss
Average engine pressure over cycle
Engine pressure change, 0 - 360 deg

p.59

Equation 3.14

Unit
m^3
m^3
m^3
kg
sec
sec
sec
rad
sec
rad/sec
rad
watts
watts
watts
watts
Pa
Pa

(1-Tau-Rho)/(Lambda*Kappa)<1
2*Rho+Tau< 1

Rho<Sqrt(1+Tao+Lambda+(Sigma(Sqrt((1+Tao+Lambda+Sigma)-Sqrt(2Tao

Senft Tapper

Fauvel Tapper

Calgary-Lister

15.876
197.958
12.700
126.677
5.563
24.306
16.923
8.462
15.875
7.938
1164.000
6.000
1.000
450.000
47.000
248.000
8.314
700.000
9.810
0.000
0.000

15.239
182.391
12.736
127.396
5.528
24.001
15.880
7.940
17.020
8.510
550.000
4.900
1.000
450.000
47.000
248.000
8.314
700.000
9.810
0.000
0.000

127.162
12700.025
113.960
10199.873
38.100
1140.092
126.000
63.000
140.000
70.000
3.380E+06
1000.000
50.000
650.000
42.000
346.000
8.314
900.000
9.810
0.000
0.000

0.938
0.800
1.666
0.443
0.614
0.938
0.640
0.427
0.123
1.381
0.953
8865.769
da*Kappa+Sigma)
1.100
1.284

0.960
0.748
1.336
0.443
0.614
1.072
0.698
0.233
0.132
1.758
1.446
11456.190

1.009
0.814
1.121
0.341
0.509
1.111
0.803
2.150
0.090
1.568
1.208
11989.947

0.810
1.460

0.924
1.162

0.000001675
2.475E-06
1164.000
7.992E-06

1.4482E-006
2.342E-06
550.000
3.776E-06

8.001E-04
1.442E-03
3.380E+06
9.766E-01

1.104E-02

46.387 deg
deg
deg
deg
deg

8.254E-03

34.666 deg
deg
deg
deg
deg

89.776

RPM
deg

118.926

RPM
deg

7.335E-03 39.611

113.913

0.724

0.569

0.638

0.688

0.706

0.521

bda+Sigma)-Sqrt(2Tao+Lambda+Sigma)))
T h

V h

H O T EN D

A
D IS P L A C E R

D IS P L A C E R R O D
V c

T c

P IS T O N

C O L D EN D
Vc
T c
L p

Xp

Ap
A r

L
Xd

L-27 LTD

Page 88

129.600
13191.673
32.500
829.577
9.530
71.331
10.460
5.230
30.000
15.000
1.450E+04
6.000
1.000
40.000
18.000
29.000
8.314
1000.000
9.810
0.000
0.000

35.680
999.861
27.640
600.020
11.280
99.933
10.000
5.000
10.000
5.000
5.000E+03
26.300
1.000
629.000
89.000
359.000
8.314
500.000
9.810
0.000
0.000

12.390
1.083
5.544
0.930
0.964
2.868
0.063
0.203
0.005
2.780
2.594
6392.254

3.568
2.764
1.666
0.401
0.573
1.000
0.600
0.573
0.100
1.203
0.669
15317.228

0.540
0.763

1.532
2.364

6.89925E-005
8.106E-05
14500.000
1.717E-04
deg
deg
deg
deg
deg

3.514E-03

21.083 deg
deg
deg
deg
deg

1.874E-02

56.208 deg
deg
deg
deg
deg

RPM
deg

108.800

RPM
deg

99.991

RPM
deg

H O T EN D

C O L D EN D

L
Xd

4.999304354E-006
7.500E-06
5000.000
2.830E-05

0.360

0.831

0.941

0.601

Sunpower

127.000
12667.687
127.000
12667.687
40.000
1256.637
76.100
38.050
63.500
31.750

6.200

1.669
2.000
1.198

0.834
1.000
0.099

Sirthin

80.000
5026.548
76.000
4536.460
25.400
506.707
70.000
35.000
60.000
30.000
5.000E+04
400.000
6.200
630.000
45.000
340.000
8.314
500.000
9.810
0.000
0.000

1.143
1.267
1.293
0.352
0.519
0.857
0.903
0.147
0.101
1.414
1.000
5650.722
1.000
1.436

1.759E-04
2.943E-04
5.000E+04
2.918E-04
1.500E-02

45.004 deg
deg
deg
deg
deg

75.171

RPM
deg
%
%

0.707
0.554

Unit

mm
mm^2
mm
mm^2
mm
mm^2
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm^3
g
atm
C
C
C
J/Mole/K
RPM
m/sec^2
N/m
mm