DESIGN & FABRICATION OF SOLAR AIDED

INDUSTRIAL TROLLEY
A PROJECT REPORT
Submitted by

AISHWARYA SASIDHAR

111213114001

W.PRATHEESH SAMUEL

111213114037

T.SRINIVASAN

111213114049

S.R VIGNESH

111213114056

in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree

of

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
IN
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

MAGNA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, CHENNAI 600 055.

ANNA UNIVERSITY: CHENNAI 600 025

APRIL 2016

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
A few words of gratitude written on single sheet of paper can never
completely describe our feeling of indebtedness to the people involved in the
successful completion of Design & Fabrication Project.
First and foremost we would like to thank the almighty for his blessing to
complete the Design & Fabrication Project work successfully in time.
We are very thankful to our Honorable Chairman Mr. J.DEVADAS
NAYAGAM M.Sc., M.Ed., for his infrastructure and timely help throughout the
course of the Design & Fabrication Project.
We express our thanks to our respectful Principal Dr.I.S. STEPHAN
THANGAIAH Ph.D., for his valuable ideas, suggestions for improvement and his
encouragement rendered for completing our Design & Fabrication Project.
We very sincerely express our thanks to the Head of the Department
Mr. S.KARTHIKM.S., for his cheerful encouragement and timely help throughout
the course of the Design & Fabrication Project.
We express our deep sense of gratitude to our Project Coordinator Mr.
N.TAMIL SELVAM M.E., & our Project Supervisor Mr. M. VIJAYARAJ
M.E.,who sincerely coordinated all of us to perform our Design & Fabrication
Project in the successful way.
We also thank our Friends&Well-wishers, who were inspiring & stimulating
us for the successful completion of our Design & Fabrication Project Parents,
Friends & all the staff members for providing facilities and constant encouragement
for our Design & Fabrication Project work.
Last but not the least, we whole heartedly thanks our Parents for showing
unrestrained Love & affection even during the hardship caused to them on the
account of this work of ours.
The Project Team

ii

ANNA UNIVERSITY: CHENNAI 600 025

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE
Certified that this Project Report DESIGN & FABRICATION OF SOLAR
AIDED INDUSTRIAL TROLLEY is the bonafide work of AISHWARYA
SASIDHAR (111213114001), W.PRATHEESH SAMUEL(111213114037),
T.SRINIVASAN (111213114049), S.R VIGNESH (111213114056) who carried
out the project work under our supervision during the academic period 2015 2016.

Mr. S.KARTHIK M.S.,

Mr. M. VIJAYARAJ M.E.,

HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT

PROJECT SUPERVISOR

Assistant Professor

Assistant Professor

Department of Mechanical Engineering,

Department of Mechanical Engineering,

Magna College of Engineering,

Magna College of Engineering,

Magaral, Chennai 600 055.

Magaral, Chennai 600 055.

Submitted for the Anna University Project Viva voce held on

EXTERNAL EXAMINER

INTERNAL EXAMINER

iii

ABSTRACT

The use of fossil fuels to power industrial vehicles and such to transport goods,
equipments, tools, etc. from one industrial plant to another is conventional and has
several disadvantages such as cost of fuel and being non eco-friendly.

The SOLAR AIDED INDUSTRIAL TROLLEY allows us to transport all the

above mentioned things without polluting the environment and at zero fuel cost, not
only that, it also saves non-renewable resources through the use of renewable solar
energy harnessed from the Sun.

The system uses solar power to charge the battery, energy from the battery is used
to drive the trolley. The trolley can be used indoor as well as outdoor with extensive
application possible outdoors, but we are focusing mostly on the indoor application
of the system.

iv

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter No

1.

2.

3.

Title

Page No

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

ii

ABSTRACT

iii

LIST OF FIGURES

viii

LIST OF TABLES

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Solar power

1.2 Photovoltaic power cells

HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT

2.1. Early Days

2.2. MID 1990s to EARLY 2010s

2.3. Current Status

2.4. Forecasts

2.5. Photovoltaic Power Stations

2.6. Concentrating Solar Thermal Power

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT

10

3.1. Greenhouse gases

11

3.2. Energy payback

12

3.3. Cadmium

12
v

Chapter No
4.

Title
Need for the project

Page No
13

4.1. Solar power generation

13

4.2. Reduced dependence of fossil fuels

14

4.3. Environmental advantages

14

4.4. Matching peak time output with peak

15

time demand

5.

6.

7.

4.5. Modularity and Scalability

15

4.6. Flexible locations

15

4.7. Government Incentives

15

Construction Details

17

5.1.1. Solar panel

17

5.1.2. Batteries

21

5.1.3. Trolley

31

5.1.4. Electric Motor

35

Working Principle

39

6.1. Construction and Operation details

39

6.2. Photovoltaic effect

40

6.3. Working process

40

Efficiency

41

7.1. Factors affecting energy conversion

vi

42

Chapter No

Title

Page No

8.

3-D Parts

43

9.

Cost Estimation

45

10.

Design and Fabrication of parts

46

10.1. Parts of a solar powered industrial

46

trolley

11.

Assembled Model of a solar powered

11.1. Industrial trolley

12.

13.

Advantages and Disadvantages

50
50

52

12.1. Advantages

52

12.2. Disadvantages

52

Conclusion

52

REFERENCES

vii

LIST OF FIGURES
Figure No

Title

Page No

1.1

Photovoltaic Cell

2.1

Solar Electric Generating Tower

2.2

Solar Power Generating System

3.1

Environmental Impacts

10

3.2

Solar Power Trash Compactor

10

5.1

Solar Panel

18

5.2

Polycrystalline PV Cell Connected In A

18

Solar Module
5.3

Small Sized Batteries

22

5.4

Large Sized Batteries

23

5.5

Voltaic Cells

23

5.6

Dry Cell

29

5.7

Platform Trolley

33

5.8

Tray Trolley

33

5.9

Sugar/Salt Truck

34

5.10

Electric Motor

35

5.10a

Cut Section View of Electric Motor

36

5.11

Electric Motor Rotor (Left) and Stator (Right)

36

5.12

Dc Motor with Its Commutator

38

6.1

Construction Parts

39

6.2

Photo Voltaic Effect

40

7.1

Thermodynamic Efficiency Limit

42

8.1

3d Detailed View

43

viii

Table No

Title

Page No

8.2

3d Isometric View

44

8.3

Detailed Diagram

45

10.1

Voltmeter

46

10.2

Square Rod

46

10.3

Solar Panel

47

10.4

Battery

47

10.5

Front Nylon Wheel

48

10.6

Rear Nylon Wheel

48

10.7

Angle Bar

49

10.8

Motor For Front Wheel With Worm Gear

49

11.1

Top View

50

11.2

Side View

50

11.3

Top View

51

11.4

3d View

51

ix

LIST OF FIGURES
Figure No

2.1

Title

Page No

Electricity Generation From

Solar
2.2

Largest Operational Solar

Thermal Power Station

9.1

Cost Estimation

45