Research has found that feedback is crucial for students education.
Marzano, Pickering and Pollock
(2001) found that effective feedback can amount to a 28-percentile point difference in average achievement; One of the most powerful keys to unlocking student motivation and perseverance is feedback (Goodwin & Miller, 2012, para. 2). Feedback has been found to motivate students to persevere in their education. Constructive feedback allows students to display more positive attitudes towards learning, display more effort and perseverance, as well as display a greater engagement in their schooling (Pintrich & Schunk, 2002). However, feedback that is predominately negative, or does not supply students with direction and specific feedback, can cause decreased motivation, and diminished learning. Clear, specific guidance on how to improve allows students to understand their abilities, and be hopeful of their achievements. The timing of feedback is also important for student learning. Feedback received too late may cause students to form misconceptions about a subject, or forget their prior learning all together. Immediate feedback has been found to be preferred. However, if feedback is received too promptly, students may rely on teachers for answers rather than guidance (Goodwin & Miller, 2012). References Marzano, R. J., Pickering, D. J., & Pollock, J. E. (2001). Classroom instruction that works: Research-based strategies for increasing student achievement. achievement. Alexandria, VA: ASCD. Goodwin, B. & Miller, K. (2012). Research Says / Good Feedback Is Targeted, Specific, Timely. In Educational Leadership: Feedback for Learning, 70(1), 70(1), 82-83. Pintrich, P. R. & Schunk, D. H. (Eds.). (2002). Motivation in education: Theory, research, and applications. applications. (2nd ed.). Columbus, OH: Merrill. Wiliam, D. (2011). Embedded formative assessment. assessment. Bloomington, IN: Solution Tree Press.