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+ H2O(l)
3 Ca2+(aq)
+ 2PO43-(aq)
Initial
Change
+3x
+2x
Equilibrium
[3x]
[2x]
1.2 1029
6.4 107
108
[Ca2+] = 3x = 1.9 x 10-6 mol/L
(e) If more water is added and the solution and solid calcium phosphate are allowed to
reach equilibrium again, the concentration of calcium ion will increase, decrease, or stay
the same (choose one).
Stay the Same (Equilibrium concentrations will not change)
(f) If more water is added and the solution and solid calcium phosphate are allowed to
reach equilibrium again, the concentration of phosphate ion will increase, decrease, or stay
the same (choose one).
Stay the Same (Equilibrium concentrations will not change)
(g) If more solid calcium phosphate is added to the saturated solution, the concentration
of calcium ion will increase, decrease, or stay the same (choose one).
Stay the Same (Solution is saturated and no more will dissolve)
(h) If more solid calcium phosphate is added to the saturated solution, the concentration
of phosphate ion will increase, decrease, or stay the same (choose one).
Stay the Same (Solution is saturated and no more will dissolve)
Problem 2. (three points) The following questions deal with the pH of various solutions.
Relevant Ka values can be found in Table 18.2 in your textbook. Consult the acid/base
table from Problem Set 5 also.
(a) Find the pH of a water solution of sodium benzoate (NaC6H5CO2), 0.80 mol/L) and
benzoic acid (C6H5COOH), 0.30 mol/L).
Benzoic acid is a weak acid, therefore this is a buffer solution (weak acid and conjugate
base). For benzoic acid Ka = 6.3 x 10-5.
[H ] Ka
[ HA]
0.30
6.3 105
2.4 105
[A ]
0.80
(c) For a reaction to be spontaneous at any temperature, which of the following will be
true?
H > 0 and S > 0
(d) When the entropy of the surroundings decreases, which of the following must be true if the
process is spontaneous?
(a) Suniverse = 0
(b) Disorder in
the system must
increase
(c) The
temperature of
the system must
decrease
(d) The
surroundings
absorb heat
(e) H = T S