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Answers

Chapter 1 Whole numbers


Exercise 1A The need for numbers
1 a 22 28 82 88
b 222 228 282 822 888 882 828 288
2 a i 203
297
302
ii 9987
10 241
12 423
iii 647 300
674 298
674 299
b i 623
534
489
ii 93 451
54 678
10 327
iii 569 531
100 000
46 521
3 a Five thousand
5000
b Five hundred thousand 500 000
c Five
5
d Five hundred
500
4 a Nine hundred
900
b Nine
9
c Nine hundred
900
d Nine million
9 000 000

310
100 592
675 289
435
9783
46 512

11 a i
ii
iii
iv
v
vi
vii
viii
ix

3
7
4
12
15
22
11
8
55

5
6
7
5
10
12
19
20
67

9
14
10
9
15
4
18
36
2

Maths Quest challenge (p. 8)


1 The total should be 15.
One possible answer is
6

2
5

3
1

4
7

Maths Quest challenge (p. 3)

3 735 + 1689 = 2424 or 641 + 8752 = 9393

1 9983

10 Quick Questions 1

2 10 237

History of mathematics: The abacus


c 500 BC to now!
1 Either from the Greek word abax or from the
Phoenician word abak
2 Sorabon
3 Nepohualtzitzin
4 It was won by Kiyoshi Matsuzaki on the abacus.

Exercise 1B Adding whole numbers

1
2
3
4
5
7
9

38, 36, 83, 86, 68, 63


777, 771, 717, 111, 117, 171
87, 127, 362, 453, 782, 907
89 065, 68 441, 58 732, 45 111, 7668, 3220
Five hundred
6 Two thousand
4910
8 68 673
1867 km
10 148 points

Exercise 1C Subtracting whole


numbers
1 a
d
g
j
m
p
2 a
d
g
3 a
d
g
j
m
p
4 15
8 a
9 a
10 a
d

6
b 8
c 23
5
e 60
f 125
814
h 900
i 700
10 500
k 70
l 35
500
n 63
o 5
26
q 39
4
b 20
c 26
55
e 40
f 0
73
h 1150
44
b 35
c 35 123
86
e 584 599 f 1831
267
h 4413
i 65 439
40 672
k 2634
l 69 397
56 176
n 1553
o 517 526
349 818
q 19 088 744
5 7282
6 31
7 $194
215 million b 220 million
26 m
b 26 m
c 52 m
$38 000
b $377 500 c $358 500
Male winner received $140 000 more in 2000
than in 1998 while the female winner received
$145 000 more in 2000 than in 1998. The female
winner received a bigger increase.
11 a 172 km
b 353 km

1A

1 a 15
b 24
c 37
d 121
e 210
f 240
g 472
h 1730
i 7458
j 18 220
k 175 000 l 20
m 40
n 50
2 a 99
b 142
c 181
d 999
e 212
f 4183
g 22 238
h 72 648
i 54 530
j 5037
k 3 485 551 l 13 629
3 a 978
b 1155
c 766
d 257
e 1335
f 11 747
g 14 462
h 332 941 i 1 701 553
j 1 053 944
4 $151
5 3032 pages
6
$42
7 a 8 days
b 2003 km
c 3492 km
d 2754 km
8 6670 km
9 a Various answers
b Various answers
c There are 15 palindromes between 100 and 250.
They are 101, 111, 121, 131, 141, 151, 161, 171,
181, 191, 202, 212, 222, 232, 242.
10 a i 77
ii 99
iii 646
b 2 steps to produce 363
c i 363, 2 steps
ii 909, 2 steps
iii 44 044, 6 steps
iv 13 431, 4 steps
v 9339, 3 steps
vi 475 574, 4 steps

answers

641

Answers

1C

answers

642

Answers

12 23, 27, 6, 4, 5, 0, 17, 17, 6, 8, 35


13 a Person 1: total mass of 1221 kg
Person 2: total mass of 1216 kg
Person 3: total mass of 1238 kg
Person 4: total mass of 1235 kg
Persons 1 and 2: total mass of 1281 kg
Persons 1 and 3: total mass of 1303 kg
Persons 1 and 4: total mass of 1300 kg
Persons 2 and 3: total mass of 1298 kg
Persons 2 and 4: total mass of 1357 kg
Persons 1, 2 and 3: total mass of 1360 kg
b Person 1: available mass of 139 kg
Person 2: available mass of 144 kg
Person 3: available mass of 122 kg
Person 4: available mass of 125 kg
Persons 1 and 2: available mass of 79 kg
Persons 1 and 3: available mass of 57 kg
Persons 1 and 4: available mass of 60 kg
Persons 2 and 3: available mass of 62 kg
Persons 2 and 4: available mass of 3 kg

Maths Quest challenge (p. 16)

1 a 638 321 488 417 = 149 904


b 3492 1685 = 1807 (Other answers possible)
2 5 849 318
3 7 days

Exercise 1D Multiplying whole


numbers
1 a 12
d 56
g 54
2 a 26
d 39
g 32
j 63
m 72
p 90
3 a 128
d 2571
g 63 104
j 63 582
4 a 2288
d 912
g 21 571
j 4 870 460
5 a 8000
d 7200
g 6 300 000 000
j 54 000 000
6 a $72
7 $132 000
8 a $675
9 490 km
10 a 4420 litres
11 8241 seconds
12 a 34 hours
13 a 10 km
d $9100

b
e
h
b
e
h
k
n
q
b
e
h
k
b
e
h
k
b
e
h
k
b

45
c
96
f
132
i
45
c
100
f
70
i
108
l
90
o
100
r
116
c
24 600
f
1888
i
374 055 l
3007
c
7093
f
97 478
i
27 529 460 l
21 000
c
48 000
f
144 000 000 i
440 000
l
$1728

b $1200

22
110
72
50
90
42
75
27
80
1233
111 888
16 120
492 720
1652
64 600
2 161 485
1 725 805
48 000
5 500 000
5 600 000
13 200 000

c $2700

b 22 100 litres
b $1105
c $1885
b $175
c 120 km
e 400 papers f 20 800 papers

Maths Quest challenge (p. 22)


1 3 goals, 9 behinds; 4 goals, 8 behinds; 7 goals, 7
behinds

2 a 1089, 2178, 3267, 4356, 5445, 6534, 7623, 8712,


9801
b 10 989, 21 978, 32 967, 43 956, 54 945, 65 934,
76 923, 87 912, 98 901
c 109 989, 219 978, 329 967, 439 956, 549 945,
659 934, 769 923, 879 912, 989 901, 1 099 989,
2 199 978, 3 299 967, 4 399 956, 5 499 945,
6 599 934, 7 699 923, 8 799 912, 9 899 901

Exercise 1E Dividing whole numbers


1 a 4
b 3
c 4
d 9
e 7
f 8
g 12
h 8
i 4
j 4
k 20
l 13
m 3
n 2
o 3
p 2
q 2
r 4
s 2
t 5
u 15
2 a 10
b 6
c 56
d 35
e 84
f 60
g 3
h 44
i 54
3 a 485
b 6942
c 6208
d 57 319
e 2761
f 80 045
g 85 064 remainder 2
h 86 047 remainder 3
i 8643 remainder 1
j 904 075 remainder 5
k 93 155 remainder 2
l 60 074 remainder 2
4 a 259
b 968
c 83 015
d 6703
e 621
f 2153
g 642 remainder 1
h 30 246 remainder 12
i 5384 remainder 7
5 a 700
b 10
c 7
d 900
e 9
f 500
g 5000
h 7
i 800
6 a 28 km
b 14 km
7 a $208
b $48
8 a 5000 cm
b 20 kites c Yes
9 186 cows
10 Number of tables required: 19; total number of
courses to be served: 608; number of waiters
required: 8; total charge for catering: $8360
11 a 950 blocks
b $794 750
12 $16 per night
13 a 23 750 kg
b 95 bales c $95 000

Maths Quest challenge (p. 27)


1 43 pebbles
2 Same as the digit you started with. This is because
you are dividing by 111 111 each time.

10 Quick Questions 2
1
3
5
7
9
10

142
2 16 099
25 799
4 243 327
5 544 536
6 54 116 972
104 800
8 69
4637 remainder 6
6 pieces each with 6 slices left over.

Exercise 1F Order of operations


1 Tran
2 a 5
b 20
c 3
d 30
e 59
f 25
g 7
h 96
i 15
j 24
k 32
l 18
m 76
n 27
o 26
p 7
q 12
r 96
s 27
t 0
u 18
v 3
3 a (12 8) 4 = 1
b (4 + 8) 5 4 5 = 40
c 3 + 4 (9 3) = 27
d 3 (10 2) 4 + 4 = 10
e 12 (4 + 2) 12 = 60
f 17 8 2 + 6 (11 5) = 37
g 10 (5 + 5) 9 9 = 81
h (18 3) 3 5 = 9
4 C
5 D
6 a 6 + 2 (4 3) 2 = 10
b (6 + 2) 4 3 2 = 26
c 6 + (2 4 3) 2 = 16
d 6 + 2 4 3 2 = 8, no brackets required

Maths Quest challenge (p. 30)


1 26
2 One solution is 98 765 + 1234 = 99 999.
3 Some examples are 2 2 + 2 + 2 2 = 7;
6+6
(66 6 6) 6 + ------------ = 7.
6

Exercise 1G Estimation
1 28 000 000
2 Estimation table:
Estimated
answer

Actual
answer

Estimated
answer

643
Actual
answer

200 60

12 000

13 320

30 000 1000

30

32.907 58

60 000 3000

20

24.325 483

900 000 3000

300

263.003 03

8000 4000

2.295 287 4

70 000 1000

70

53.385 505

40 000 200

200

205.605 56

answers

Answers

3 a D
b C
c B
4 a 8000
b 200
c 100
d 400 000
e 700 000
f 11 000
g 6000
h 40
i 8 000 000
j 100
k 40 000 000
l 500
5 a ii
b iv
c i
d iv
6 a 1500 tickets
b $11 250
7 a Bread rolls
$75
hamburgers $50
tomato sauce $4
margarine
$4
onions
$4
tomatoes
$8
lettuce
$5
b $150
c $600
d $450

Summary
1
3
5
7
9
11

10, HinduArabic
12
larger
fraction
estimating
up

2
4
6
8
10

adding column
dividing
zeros
brackets, subtraction
change

500 + 1000

1500

1449

Chapter review

30 000 + 80 000

110 000

115 670

200 000 + 700 000

900 000

907 448

1000 + 6000

7000

7429

30 + 80

110

112

60 000 + 50 000

110 000

104 266

90 000 40 000

50 000

55 880

300 200

100

127

500 000 200 000

300 000

296 049

900 000 400 000

500 000

553 120

60 000 20 000

40 000

44 682

90 000 40 000

50 000

50 888

40 200

8000

7128

9000 9

81 000

77 679

90 400

36 000

37 584

600 10 000

6 000 000

7 894 033

30 000 40

1 200 000

1 149 954

1 a 25, 245, 263, 269


b 12 269, 12 627, 12 629, 13 962
2 a 763, 663, 636, 367
b 35 418, 34 218, 26 712, 25 418
3 Ten
4 a Thirty
b Thirty thousand
c Three thousand
5 a 127
b 3187
c 7641
d 4 217 656
6 a 306 km
b 322 km
c 482 km
7 a 2
b 35
c 150
d 14
8 a 415
b 217
c 60 322
d 37 758
e 92 957
f 95 545
9 a 4968
b 110 913 c 34 909
d 140 000
e 540 000 f 41 100
10 a 4880
b 38 745
c 4 305 672
11 a 1800
b 24 000
c 28 000 000
12 a 596
b 8420
c 5021
13 a 8
b 3
c 84
d 45
e 1
f 22
14 a 405
b 476
c 2015
15 a 700
b 7
c 410
16 a 448
b 3136
c 98

1D

1G

answers

644

Answers

17 Brackets
Multiplication and division
Addition and subtraction
18 a 5
b 38
d 5
e 70
g 54
h 29
19 a 14 000
b 5000
d 420 000
e 120 000
g 3
h 210 000

Exercise 2B Factors
c 6
f 34
c 50
f 10 000

Chapter 2 Multiples, factors and


primes
Exercise 2A Multiples
1 a 3, 6, 9, 12, 15
b 6, 12, 18, 24, 30
c 100, 200, 300, 400, 500
d 11, 22, 33, 44, 55
e 15, 30, 45, 60, 75
f 4, 8, 12, 16, 20
g 21, 42, 63, 84, 105
h 25, 50, 75, 100, 125
i 14, 28, 42, 56, 70
j 12, 24, 36, 48, 60
k 50, 100, 150, 200, 250
l 30, 60, 90, 120, 150
m 33, 66, 99, 132, 165
n 120, 240, 360, 480, 600
o 45, 90, 135, 180, 225
p 72, 144, 216, 288, 360
2 10, 20, 100, 70
3 21, 7, 70, 35
4 16, 64, 160, 32, 80
5 70, 35, 140, 105, 700
6 Three of: 8, 24, 32, 48, 56, 72, 80, 88, 96
7 a 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36, 40
b 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 42, 48, 54, 60
c 12, 24, 36
d LCM = 12
8 a 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18
b 9, 18, 27, 36, 45, 54
c 9, 18
d LCM = 9
9 a 6
b 35
c 24
d 18
e 30
f 12
g 70
h 36
i 60
j 50
k 48
l 60
10 a T
b F
c F
d T
e T
f F
g T
11 a C
b A
c E
d B
12
3

1 a 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12
b 1, 2, 4, 8
c 1, 2, 4, 5, 8, 10, 20, 40
d 1, 5, 7, 35
e 1, 2, 4, 7, 14, 28
f 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 10, 12, 15, 20, 30, 60
g 1, 2, 4, 5, 10, 20, 25, 50, 100
h 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 9, 12, 18, 24, 36, 72
i 1, 3, 13, 39
j 1, 5, 17, 85
k 1, 2, 4, 19, 38, 76
l 1, 3, 23, 69
m 1, 3, 9, 11, 33, 99
n 1, 2, 5, 10, 25, 50, 125, 250
o 1, 3, 17, 51
p 1, 3, 5, 7, 15, 21, 35, 105
2 a 20: 1, 20; 2, 10; 4, 5
b 18: 1, 18; 2, 9; 3, 6
c 36 :1, 36; 2, 18; 3, 12; 4, 9; 6, 6
d 132: 1, 132; 2, 66; 3, 44; 4, 33; 6, 22; 11, 12
3 15
4 a i 1, 3, 5, 15 ii 1, 5, 7, 35
iii 1, 5
b HCF = 5
5 a 1, 3, 7, 21
b 1, 2, 4, 7, 8, 14, 28, 56
c HCF = 7
6 a 1, 3, 9, 27
b 1, 3, 5, 15
c HCF = 3
7 a 1, 7
b 1, 2, 4, 7, 14, 28 c HCF = 7
8 a 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 24, 48
b 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 10, 15, 30
c HCF = 6
9 9
10 13
11 7
12 8
13 4
14 18
15 9
16 a B
b A
c D
d C
17 3, 4
18 a 300
b 420
c 660
d 176
e 154
f 165
g 300
h 360
i 630
19 a 900
b 1100
c 600
d 1800
e 3100
f 3300
g 2800
h 6000
i 13 000
20 4 rows of 5 students or 5 rows of 4 students; 2 rows
of 10 students or 10 rows of 2 students; 1 row of 20
students or 20 rows of 1 student
21 E
22 a 3 metres
b 10
23 Frogger, 10 minutes

Maths Quest challenge (p. 51)


1 60

2 12 or 30

3 42

Exercise 2C Prime numbers


15

18

12

13 6 days, Sunday
14 35 minutes
15 20
16 a 6, 12, 18 (or any other multiple of 6)
b 6
c 30
17 a 12
b 5
c 7

Maths Quest challenge (p. 45)


1 84

2 60

3 12

1 a 1: 1
2: 1, 2
3: 1, 3
4: 1, 2, 4
5: 1, 5
6: 1, 2, 3, 6
7: 1, 7
8: 1, 2, 4, 8
9: 1, 3, 9
10: 1, 2, 5, 10
b 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19

11: 1, 11
12: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12
13: 1, 13
14: 1, 2, 7, 14
15: 1, 3, 5, 15
16: 1, 2, 4, 8, 16
17: 1, 17
18: 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 18
19: 1, 19
20: 1, 2, 4, 5, 10, 20

2 23, 29, 31, 37


3 No. The number 2 would always be a factor if the
number is even.
4 More than one answer is possible.
a 8=3+5
b 12 = 5 + 7
c 30 = 7 + 23 or 11 + 19 or 13 + 17
d 16 = 5 + 11 or 3 + 13
e 100 = 11 + 89 or 3 + 97
f 48 = 5 + 43 or 7 + 41
g 24 = 5 + 19 or 7 + 17
h 52 = 23 + 29
i 60 = 23 + 37
j 32 = 19 + 13 or 29 + 3 or 31 + 1
5 a F
b F
c F
d T
6 a A
b D
c C
d C
7 11 and 13; 17 and 19
8 a Prime numbers greater than 2 are always odd
numbers and the difference between 2 odd
numbers is an even number. So 2, 4 and 6 can be
differences between consecutive primes.
b 2: 17 and 19; 4: 19 and 23; 6: 23 and 29; other
answers possible
9 a 365 = 5 73
b 187 = 11 17

Maths Quest challenge (p. 55)

c i

1
2
3
4
5
6

Main librarian at the Alexandrian museum


The Earths circumference
It was based on longitude and latitude.
Ptolemy III, ruler of Egypt.
21 398 269 1
He became blind when he was older.

3 2

d i

10

e i

4
2
18

ii 18 = 2 3 3

h i
8
2

ii 56 = 2 2 2 7

2, 7

56
7
4
2

i i

3, 5

45

ii 45 = 3 3 5

2, 3, 7

84
7

ii 84 = 2 2 3 7

12
3

4
2

2, 7

98

ii 98 = 2 7 7

ii 15 = 3 5

2, 3, 5 ii 30 = 2 3 5

49

l i

2, 7

112

ii 112 = 2 2 2 2 7

28

3
2
5

4
2

7
2

2A

2, 3

g i

4
10

ii 72 = 2 2 2 3 3

5
30

2, 3
8

b i

ii 49 = 7 7

72
9

k i

Exercise 2D Prime factors and factor


trees
3, 5

49

f i

j i

15

2, 5 ii 100 = 2 2 5 5

10

1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64
2 1, 24; 2, 12; 3, 8; 4, 6
15
4 9, 18, 27, 36, 45
36
6 48
23, 29, 31, 37, 41, 43, 47
20 = 3 + 17 or 20 = 7 + 13
50 = 3 + 47 or 50 = 7 + 43 or 50 = 13 + 37 or 50 =
19 + 31
10 1 row of 36, 36 rows of 1, 2 rows of 18, 18 rows of
2, 3 rows of 12, 12 rows of 3, 4 rows of 9, 9 rows of
4, 6 rows of 6.

1 a i

100

10 Quick Questions 1
1
3
5
7
8
9

2, 3 ii 24 = 2 2 2 3

24

1 773
2 47
3 61
4 432
5 Angus will be 27 and his Dad will be 81.
6 98 641

History of mathematics: Eratosthenes


of Cyrene

645

answers

Answers

2D

answers

646

Answers

2 a i

2, 5 ii 40 = 2 2 2 5

40

j i

10

b i

14
2

ii 35 = 7 5

5, 7

35

d i

ii 32 = 2 2 2 2 2

11

121

ii 75 = 3 5 5

3 a A
4 a 2, 3
e 2, 3
i 2, 3, 5
5 a T
e T

b
b
f
j
b
f

E
2, 5
3, 13
2, 3, 5
F
F

c
c
g
k
c

D
2, 3, 7
3
2, 5
T

d
d
h
l
d

B
3
2, 3, 5
2, 5
F

11

ii 110 = 2 5 11
f i
2, 3, 5
150
10

15

1000

ii 150 = 2 3 5 5
g i 3000
2, 3, 5

10
2

ii 121 = 11 11

2, 5, 11

110

10

25

11

e i

9
5

11

ii 90 = 2 3 3 5
l i
3, 5
75

8
2

10

32

14

ii 196 = 2 2 7 7
k i
2, 3, 5
90

c i

2, 7

196

100

5 10
2

10

52

Maths Quest challenge (p. 61)

1 a 28 = 2 2 7. Proper factors are 1, 2, 4, 7, 14.


1 + 2 + 4 + 7 + 14 = 28 so 28 is perfect.
b 496 = 2 2 2 2 31. Proper factors are 1, 2, 4,
8, 16, 31, 62, 124, 248.
1 + 2 + 4 + 8 + 16 + 31 + 62 + 124 + 248 = 496 so
496 is perfect.
2 999 = 3 3 3 37. Proper factors are 1, 3, 9, 27,
37, 111, 333.
1 + 3 + 9 + 27 + 37 + 111 + 333 = 484 so 999 is not
a perfect number.
3 8128 = 2 2 2 2 2 2 127. Proper factors are
1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 127, 254, 508, 1016, 2032,
4064.
1 + 2 + 4 + 8 + 16 + 32 + 64 + 127 + 254 + 508 +
1016 + 2032 + 4064 = 8128 so 8128 is a perfect
number.

ii 3000 = 2 2 2 3 5 5 5
h i
2
64

Exercise 2E Index notation

8
2

8
4

2
2

4
2

ii 64 = 2 2 2 2 2
i i
2, 3
96
8
2

12
4

3
2

4
2

ii 96 = 2 2 2 2 2 3

1 a 43
b
e 27
f
2 a 22 3
d 23 7
g 23 32 5
3 a 22 3 5
d 22 5 11
g 22 31
4 a 9
b
e 98
f
i 88
j
m 4
n
5 106

82
c 74
133
g 53
b 2 34
e 33 5 112
h 22 32 53
b 2 52
e 26 3
h 23 52
121
c 125
192
g 6561
17
k 73
9
6 D
7

d 125
h 98
c 24 52
f 53 72 13
c 3 52
f 23 32
d 16
h 512
l 109
D

Exercise 2F Divisibility tests 2, 3


and 4
1 a Yes
b Yes
c No
d Yes
e Yes
f No
g No
h Yes
i Yes
j Yes
k No
l Yes
2 a Yes
b No
c Yes
d No
e Yes
f Yes
g Yes
h No
i Yes
j No
k No
l Yes
3 a Yes
b Yes
c Yes
d Yes
e No
f No
g Yes
h Yes
i No
j Yes
k No
l Yes
4 a Yes
b No
c Yes
d Yes
e Yes
f No
g No
h Yes
i No
j Yes
k Yes
l No
5 87, 18, 108, 127, 12, 45, 3024, 96, 67, 429, 216
6
7
8
9

12, 390, 420, 96, 880, 612, 264, 1038, 59, 2003
D
a Yes
b No
c Yes
326 is not divisible by 4. The tennis club would not
be able to make teams of 4 exactly, there would be
some players left over.
10 294 is divisible by 3. The queues could all be exactly
the same size.

Maths Quest challenge (p. 67)


1 15

2 99 999 996

3 252

10 Quick Questions 2
1 15, 30, 45
2 1, 100; 2, 50; 4, 25; 5, 20; 10, 10
3
2, 3
4 3
48
6
2

5
7
9
10

Maths Quest challenge (p. 71)


1 30
2 35
4 6125 and 8575

3 90

Exercise 2H Divisibility tests 9, 10


and 11
1 a Yes
b Yes
c No
d Yes
e Yes
f Yes
g No
h Yes
i No
j No
k No
l No
2 a Yes
b No
c Yes
d Yes
e No
f Yes
g No
h Yes
i No
j Yes
k No
l Yes
3 a Yes
b Yes
c Yes
d Yes
e No
f No
g No
h Yes
i No
j No
k Yes
l No
4 45, 99, 990, 1010, 32 313, 198, 297, 2970, 5167
5 a T
b T
c F
d T
e F
f T
g F
h F
b 23 7 11
6 a 32 52 7
d 2 33 72
c 23 33 5
7 a 11 697 = 7667
b 7 1317 = 9219
8 103
1 36

2 18

3 132

4 44

Exercise 2I Square numbers and


square roots
4

7 a F
b F
c T
d T
e T
f T
g F
h F
8 No, 142 is divisible by 2 but not by 3 (1 + 4 + 2 = 7
which is not divisible by 3) so 142 is not divisible by
6.

Maths Quest challenge (p. 74)

8
3

647

answers

Answers

36, 108, 12 568


6 36, 108, 231, 459
36, 108, 12 568
8 36, 108
Yes, 44 is divisible by 4 so 1344 is divisible by 4.
5 + 2 + 4 = 11 which is not divisible by 3 so 524 is
not divisible by 3. The three queues could not be the
same length.

Exercise 2G Divisibility tests 5, 6


7 and 8
Yes
No
No
No
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes

b 225

c 400

d 2500

b 169, 196

b 37, 41, 43, 47


b 9
c 16
ii 2500
iii 1 000 000
b 9
c 11
d 8
b 120
c 600
d 400
b 75
c 700
d 25
f 45

Maths Quest challenge (p. 77)


1 169, 196, 225
3 361 or 256

2 7 and 9
4 65

Summary
1
2
3
4
6
8
10
12

factor
common factors, highest common factor
multiple, lowest common multiple
prime number
5 composite number
one
7 prime
index
9 expanded
square
11 squaring
even, 3, two, 5, 2, 8, sum, 0, odd

2E

1 a Yes
b Yes
c No
d
e No
f Yes
g No
h
i Yes
j Yes
2 a Yes
b No
c Yes
d
e Yes
f Yes
g No
h
i Yes
j Yes
3 a Yes
b No
c Yes
d
e No
f Yes
g No
h
i Yes
j Yes
4 a Yes
b No
c Yes
d
e No
f No
g Yes
h
i Yes
j No
5 a Yes
b No
c Yes
d
e No
f No
g Yes
h
i Yes
j Yes
6 4040, 100, 240, 6024, 400, 10 000, 367 080

1 64
2 a 169
e 10 000
3 a 64, 81
4 16, 36, 64
5 81
6 a 2, 3
7 a 4
d i 100
8 a 5
9 a 70
10 a 9
e 14

2I

answers

648

Answers

Chapter review

11 a 3 and 11 b 3 and 7 c 5
d 2 and 31
12 280 = 2 2 2 5 7 or 280 = 23 5 7
13 a 44 = 2 2 11
b 132 = 2 2 3 11
c 150 = 2 3 5 5
d 360 = 2 2 2 3 3 5
b 32 5 7
c 23 32 5
14 a 26
15 6, 12
16 a Yes
b No
c No
d Yes
17 a i A number is divisible by 2 if it ends in an even
number.
ii A number is divisible by 5 if it ends in 0 or 5.
iii A number is divisible by 10 if it ends in 0.
b The test for each of these numbers involves
looking at the last digit.
18 90, 294
19 162, 459, 49 725
20 a 654 324
b 764 324
c 111 337 776
21 a T
b T
c F
d T
e F
f T
g T
h F
i T
j F
k T
22 a 121
b 81
c 900
d 4900
23 a 49
b 1600
24 a 11
b 80
c 500

1 a 11, 22, 33, 44, 55 b 100, 200, 300, 400, 500


c 5, 10, 15, 20, 25
d 20, 40, 60, 80, 100
e 13, 26, 39, 52, 65 f 35, 70, 105, 140, 175
2 a 12
b 30
c 28
d 40
3 120 seconds or 2 minutes
4 a 1, 2, 4, 8, 16
b 1, 3, 9, 27
c 1, 2, 5, 10, 25, 50
d 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 14, 21, 42
e 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 12, 18, 36
f 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 9, 12, 18, 24, 36, 72
5 a 4
b 5
c 7
d 6
e 11
f 6
6 a 1, 24; 2, 12; 3, 8; 4, 6
b 1, 40; 2, 20; 4, 10; 5, 8
c 1, 99; 3, 33
d 1, 21; 3, 7
e 1, 48; 2, 24; 3, 16; 4, 12; 6, 8
f 1, 100; 2, 50; 4, 25; 5, 20; 10, 10
7 5 metres
8 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29
9 There are 4 single digit prime numbers: 2, 3, 5, 7
10 53

Chapter 3 Fractions
Exercise 3A Understanding fractions
1 a

3
--4

15
-----16

2 a

1
--3

3
--4

3 3--84 a

1
2

2 2

7
--8

3 3 2

4 2

5
--9

5 2

1
--2

, 1 1--2- , 2 1--2- , 3 1--2- , 4 1--2- , 5 1--21


--5

1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4
1
0 5 5 5 5 1 15 15 15 15 2 25 25 25 25 3 35 35 35 35 4 45 45 45 45 5 55

1
3

1 2

2
3

1 3 1 3

1
--3

2 2 3

, 1 1--5- , 2 1--5- , 3 1--5- , 4 1--5- , 5 1--5-

, 2--3- , 1, 1 1--3- , 1 2--3- , 2


1
--4

1 1 3
1 1 3
1 1 3
1 1 3
1 1 3
1 1 3
1 1 3
0 4 2 4 1 14 12 14 2 24 22 24 3 34 32 34 4 44 42 44 5 54 52 54 6 64 62 64

5 a 3
e 6
i 7
20
6 a ----30

b 3
f 9
14
-----21

40
-----60

40
-----45

56
-----63

7 a

9
-----15

4
-----28

8 a

5
-----12

10
-----24

15
-----36

3
-----10

6
-----20

9
-----30

1
--8

9 a

c 4
g 11

d 5
h 12

12
-----15

36
-----45

16
-----20

28
-----35

24
-----27

35
-----50

21
-----30

14
-----20

140
--------200

12
-----20

21
-----35

30
-----40

18
-----24

27
-----36

6
-----42

3
-----21

22
-----24

66
-----72

55
-----60

20
-----48

4
--7

8
-----14

12
-----21

16
-----28

12
-----40

2
--9

4
-----18

6
-----27

8
-----36

10
-----13

3
--5

7
-----11

1
--6

1
-----13

1
--2

3
--4

8
-----27

3
--5

3
--4

4
-----32

20
-----26

30
-----39

b <
f <
b B

12 a

3
-----10

5
-----10

2
-----10

; 1--5- ,

10
-----15

12
-----15

6
-----15

13 a

3
-----24

2
-----16

80
--------100

10 a >
e <
11 a E

, 1 1--2- , 2 3--4- , 4, 5 1--4- , 6 1--2-

6
-----15

c >

3
-----10

d >

1
--2

9
-----24

12
-----24

8
-----24

; 1--3- , 3--8- ,

, --23- ,

4
--5

45
-----60

40
-----60

28
-----60

Peter

Harry

Sammy

Vince

40
-----52

b Vince Vegetarian
c They ate the same amount.

7
-----15

, --23- ,

1
--2
3
--4

Maths Quest challenge (p. 90)


7293
---------------14 586

6792
---------------13 584

9
--4

5823
---------------17 469

= 2 1--4-

Exercise 3B Simplifying fractions


4 a 1 2--5-

1 a

1
--2

2
--3

7
--8

11
-----12

4
--5

3
--4

9
-----10

6
--7

e 4 --14-

10
-----11

24
-----25

8
--9

7
-----10

11
-----12

2
-----11

3
--7

2 a 4 5--7-

b 7 7--9-

e 3 7--8-

3 a A
4 B
3
21
- = --5 ----4
28
7 a 40
b Mark:
Jules:

5 a 1 3--5-

c 10 1--2-

d 5 1--6-

e 8 2--7-

-----1 11
12

b D

6 7A: 1--5- , 7B:

3
-----20

, 7C:

7
2 ----12

8
-----25

, 7D:

= 1--8- , David:

6
-----40

10
-----40

, Ahmed:

2
-----25

, 7E:

3
g 2 ----13

h 2 --78-

12 1--2-

k 6 2--3-

c 5 1--2-

d 10 7--9-

g 8 3--8-

h 8 2--9-

b 3 3--8f

7
11 ----10

14 5--6-

4
-----40

1
-----10

, Darren:

8
-----40

c E

9
--8

= 1--5- ,

7
-----40

15
-----4

13
-----6

Exercise 3C Improper fractions and


mixed numbers
2 1--2-

1 a

1 1--3-

1 5--6-

7
--6

d
1 5--8-

21
-----4

e
e

1 1--68
--5

f
2 a Improper fraction
c Proper fraction
3 a

3 1--3-

9 4 3--4-

10 a

= 1--4- , Samantha:

9
d 3 ----10

4
8 ----11

8 6 3--8-

1
--4

c 10 1--2-

6 a C
b B
7 Kim: 2 1--4- , Carly: 2 3--4-

5
-----40

3
-----20

33 1--3-

b 2 3--4-

answers

649

Answers

b Mixed number
3
--2

= 1 1--2-

9
--5

8
--3

10
-----3

25
-----4

37
-----9

23
-----2

31
-----8

39
-----5

47
-----5

3A

8
--7

11 a

3C

answers

650

Answers

7
--2

21
-----5

29
-----5

47
-----7

29
-----10

43
-----12

28
-----5

67
-----7

21
-----11

53
-----6

b
b
b
f

D
77
>
<

12 a

13 a D
14 a 25
15 a >
e <

16 a
c A

c <
g <

1 --56-

d >
h <

10 Quick Questions 1
1
3

1
--4
3
--5

3
-----12

8
-----32

16
-----64

19
-----76

31
--------124

2
4

5 8 2--3-

7 1 1--3-

9 2--5- , 1 3--5- ,
10 10

14
-----5

15
-----5

, 3 3--5- , 4 2--5- ,

28
-----5

4
-----10
44
-----50
5
--4
27
-----7
6 1--5-

e
i
2 a
e
i
3 a
e

4
--5
9
-----25
29
--------100
1
--2
1
--2
8
--9
3
--4
2
--3
2
--5

i
4 a 6
e 30
i 35
5 a
e
i
6 a
e
i
m
q

1
--6
19
-----30
11
-----35
11
-----12
5
-----24
34
-----55
7
1 ----15
13
-----60
4
-----15

7 a
8 a E
9 a
e

7
-----12
7
-----16

b
f

6
-----11
11
-----12

c
g

1
--4

f 1

b
f

1
--4
37
-----40

b 15
f 18
b
f

4
-----15
17
-----18

c
g

5
--6
7
--8

1
--3
3
--4

3
--7
13
-----27

c 10
g 8
c
g

9
-----10
5
--8

12 a
13 a
e

3
--4
2
--3
7
4 ----10
1
1 ----10

20 a

f
j
n
r

19
-----56
5
-----18
8
1 ----15
-----1 13
28
-----1 17
42
11
-----15

c
g
k
o

1
-----20
23
-----36
1
--4
17
-----63

1 a
e
i

d
h
d
h
d
h

31
-----50
6
--7

1
--2
3
--4

2
--5
1
--3

b
b
b
f

7
-----12
23
-----30
1 1--66 1--4-

1
d 3 ----24

b 3 --23- ; >3

c 4 --12- ; >4

d 4 --14- ; >4

; >4
5
- inches
19 1 ----16

18 6 --14- hours

litres
-----3 15
16

4 1--2-

cm b

-----2 15
16

cm

23
-----24

13
-----24

3 11 seconds

d 12
h 24
d
h

m
2 a
e
i
m
3 a

d
h
l
p

1
--8
11
-----26
5
-----24
49
-----64
1
--6
4
--5
4
--9
4
-----21

2
--9
54
-----77
4
--9
8
-----39
1
--5

b
f
j
n
b

f 1
1
--7
1
-----20

j
n

c
g
k
o
c
g
k
o

6
-----25
121
--------144
55
-----72
9
-----50
5
-----14
1
--2
1
--3
1
--4

d
h
l
p
d
h
l
b

20
-----27
40
-----81
25
--------132
8
-----21
1
-----10
12
-----35
2
--5
1
--9

3
--4
16
-----35

4 a 2
5 a

7
-----12
11
-----24

5
--6
35
-----44
11
-----40
23
-----39

b
b C
b

-----c 3 11
18

Exercise 3E Multiplying fractions

b 2 1--2b
f

3
3 ----10
17 1--234 2--3-

i
m
6

5
--6

7
e 7 ----10

q
b

b 3 7--8-

11
1 ----12

-----2 17
35
7 1--2- ; >7
3
- ; >3
3 ----10

15
-----25

3
--8
3
--8
3
--4

7
1 ----32
4
7 ----15
2 3--5-

n 26

c 7 1--2c
g

2 1--45 5--8-

d 1 1--4-----d 4 19
32
-----h 1 17
35

16 1--2-

k 18

-----o 9 33
50

5
p 37 ----21

r 10

cup sugar
cup margarine
cup peanut butter

3 eggs
2 1--4- cups milk
3 --34- cups self-raising flour

c
g

19
-----24
-----1 11
12

d
h

7
-----30
-----1 11
12

10 1 1--4- hours
11 a

17

7
d 1 ----10

Maths Quest challenge (p. 105)

6
8
------ , -----15 20
22
= ----25

Exercise 3D Adding and subtracting


fractions
1 a

e 3 --2315 a

c 1 5--8-

b 1 1--2-

14 a 1 1--3-

c 1
c

5
3 ----12

13 3--8-

3
--8

7 a

teaspoon baking soda


1
--8
2
--9

e
i 45
m 4 1--2q

3
--4

-----2 11
12
3
--4

8 a

1
--2
1
--5

25
-----36

9
-----14

f
j 18
n 13 1--2-

g 16
k 15
o 5--6-

h 28
l 72
p 5 1--7-

r 6 1--2-

s 1

b 36 litres

3
--5

9 Emily drank 2 litres.


Tracy drank --12- litre.
Jonathan drank 1--3- litre.
10 a Zoe
32 minutes
b Sarah
35 minutes
1
- 2400 = $100
11 ----24
90
- =
12 a 90 minutes
b -------180
c 140 + 26 --23- = 166 --23- minutes
13 a
b

e
i
1 26

1
--4

1
--8

1 a

e
i 5
m 1--52 a
e

7
--2
2
--9

c 10

f
j 12
1
n ----20

3
--5
7
-----65
9
-----92

b
f

2 a

c
g

i
j
3 a 1
b 1
e 1
f 1
4 Reciprocal, one
-----5 a 3--8b 16
21
f

1
--2

j 1

1
--9

6 a 1 --23-

3 a

2
-----15
8
-----27

d
h

e
4 a
e

5
-----22
3
-----16

i
5 a
e

d 1

1 4--5-

1
--8

g 4 --23-

3
-----10

1
-----32

3
-----11

2
-----35

7
--------270

9
-----14

d 1

1
-----20

18
-----35

1 1--6-

9
1 ----11

22 1--3-

-----2 10
27

-----k 2 29
40

n 4

1
o 2 ----14

1
3
5
7
9
11
13
1

10 Quick Questions 2
6

13
3 5 ----20

3
-----20

4 8 --18-

5
--6

2
-----15

10 24 1--5-

4 4--7-

Exercise 3G Mixed operations with


fractions
1 a
e
i
2 a
e

b
f
b
f

1 1--3-----1 11
27
2 1--219
-----30

c
g
c
g

27
-----40
-----2 11
35

-----6 11
20
10 3--4-

4 $32 000

5 72

d
h
d
h

17
-----40
5
--8

5
4 ----24
1
--2

b
f

1
--9
49
--------100

1
--8

1
--------216
1
5 ----16
13 4--97
-----10
1 1--3-

b
f
b
f

21
d 1 -------100

3
--8

5
--6

h 1 --35-

g 1 --14-

d 1 --79-

1
--9

27
-----------1000

c 2 1--4c

25
-----36
9
--------121

8
--------125

7
-----36
1
-----10

4
-----25
25
--------144

2
-----25

numerator
same
descending
simplify
numbers
multiply, cancel
tip, mixed

2
4
6
8
10
12

37
-----83

44
--------120

denominator
ascending
equivalent fractions
improper, remainder
common
reciprocal

3
-----20
6
9
------ , ------ ,
16 24
15
------ , ------ ,
c 10
22 33
2
a --4- = 3--616
4
- = -----d ----40
10
6
a --7e 1--2a 6 4--53
1
------ = --4
12
a 5 1--3e 1 1--4-----a 11
4
-----e 11
3
-----a 23
24
-----e 4 17
24
a 3 2--3-

5
6
7
8
9
10

12
-----32
20
-----44

b
d
b
e
b
f

3
--4
1
--3

8
-----18
12
-----14

c
g

c 1 --57-

b
f
b
f
b

c
g
c
g

,
,

16
-----36
24
-----28

f
9
-----10
3
--5
4 3--4-

b 4 --15-

12
-----27
18
-----21

3
5
--- = -----9
15
25
5
------ = --------100
20

b 3 --23-

11 3--779
-----8
99
-----10
17
-----45
-----1 13
14
5
6 ----18

6 1--926
-----7
47
-----12
1
1 ----15
7
3 --9-

9
21
------ = -----12
28
300
30
--------- = -----------1000
100
3
d --41
h ----40
d 1 1--5-

d 5 --12h 7 1--5d
h
d
h

35
-----6
17
-----2
6 3--42 2--3-

3D

-----1 11
24
6
11 ----35
1
3 ----20
2 4--51
2 ----16
1
--4

3
--4

2 30

2 a

2
2 1 ----15

Chapter review

8
-----15
2 2--3-

h 2 --27-

Summary

3
- kg
7 ----16
8 a 22
b 96
9 a 6 2--3- laps b 12 minutes

35
g 1 ----36

Maths Quest challenge (p. 123)


1 7

b 2

8
m 1 ----15

e
12
-----5
3
-----10

h
l 11
p 1

c 1

77
--------108

24
-----55

g
k 5
1
o ----13

7
-----31
7
-----27
10
-----69

3
--5
3
--5

2 3

1
--4
9
-----16
9
-----64
1
-----64
8
-----27
1 7--9-----4 21
25
4
--5
1 1--21 1--713
-----16
11
-----18

Exercise 3F Dividing fractions


4
--3
5
--6

1
d 2 ----12

Exercise 3H Powers and square


roots of fractions
e

d 1--2-
b 4

5
-----18
1 5--7-

-----c 2 13
16

Maths Quest challenge (p. 119)


1
--2

1 a
c 1--814 a 2

-----b 4 20
21

23
-----24
9
-----32
24
-----25

3 a

answers

651

Answers

3H

answers

652

Answers

11 a 2 4--5- kilograms
c
12 a

3
-----10
20
-----63

kilogram

e 14
i
13 a
e
14 a
e
i
15 a
e
16 a
17 a
e
i
18 a

6
-----25

g 44

64

1
--6
1
--7

13 2--32
--5
1
--------124
5
-----37
1 1--215
-----16
23
-----54

16 2--31
--5
1 1--27
--2

b
b

b
f
b
f

16
-----25
1
-----27
-----2 14
25

9
-----10

7
-----36

h 22

5 a

3
-----20

3
--5

e
g

c 9
g

9
-----22
1 1--31 3--51
--4
5 1--281
--------100
125
--------216

5
--8

f 4

e 4

k
c

4
-----23
8
-----29
7
-----36

h
l
d

11
-----16

d 1 1--2-

9
-----16
2 1--4-

5
--7

1
-----12
2
-----17
5
-----21
3
-----70

k
l
6 a
e
i
7 a
d
g
j
8 a
d
g
j
9 a
e
i
10 a
11 a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
i
12 a
e
13

49
-----64
1
5 ----16

c 1 2--3-

i
j

d 1 1--2-

Chapter 4 Decimals and


percentages
Exercise 4A Place value
1 a
e
i
2 a
e
i

2
-----10
2
-----------1000

2
--------100
2
-----------1000

b
f

c
g

20

9
-----10
9
--------100

9
-----10
9
-----------1000

b One unit, 1; eight


5
8
5
--------- ; 1 + ------ + --------100
10
100
2
-----10

2
--------100
2
---------------10 000
2
---------------10 000
9
--------100
9
---------------10 000

2
-----10

2
---------------10 000
2
------------------100 000
9
--------100
9
------------------100 000

l
d
h

k 900

3 a Four units, 4; one

c Two tenths,

4
2
3
--------- + ---------------- + ------------------100 000
10 000
100
3
300 + -------100
6
7
2
- + --------- + -----------10 + 2 + ----1000
100
10
7
4
- + --------2 + ----b
100
10
2
5
- + --------1 + ----d
100
10
1
30 + 9 + -------f
100
1
2
3
- + --------- + -----------7 + ----h
10
100
1000
2
8
4
- + --------- + -----------10 + 3 + ----1000
100
10
2
6
3
------ + ------------ + ---------------10 000
1000
10
5
3
1
------ + --------- + ---------------10 000
100
10
2
5
------ + ---------------10 000
10
3
-----10

b 8 kilograms

90

1
1
- ; 4 + -----tenth, ----10
10
8
- ; five hundredths,
tenths, ----10
7
--------100

; seven hundredths,

4
---------------10 000
6
3 + ----10

+
+

50 + 6 +
10 + 6 +
5+

9
-----10

3
----------------------1 000 000
9
--------100
1
--------100
7
--------100
8
7
--------- + -----------100
1000

5.8
b 3.7
c 0.34
d 0.25
10.1
f 103.668 g 28.12
h 0.348
65.872 j 1.829 021k 0.999 99 l 2.0
2.15
b 7.28
c 512.39
0.147
e 41.14
f 100.042
13.29 143
h 0.375 12 i 0.94
11.44
k 31.73
l 0.12
9.415
b 11.307
c 84.2134
17.7771
e 0.6122
f 2.002
0.006 3678
h 49.272
i 3.212
0.202
k 0.231
l 4.170
2
b 1
c 3
d 2
3
f 4
g 4
h 1
8
j 0
k 0
l 0
C
b E
i Tenths
ii Yes
i Units
ii Yes
i Thousandths
ii No
i Hundredths
ii No
i Tenths
ii No
i Tenths
ii Yes
i Units
ii No
i Hundredths
ii Yes
i Units
ii Yes
F
b T
c T
d F
T
f F
g T
h F
Tens Units

; one

Tenths Hundredths Thousandths

0.205

1.06

c 74.108
1
- ;
e One ten, 10; six units, 6; one thousandth, ----------1000
108
1
-----------e
16 + ----------1000
1000
4
105
- ; two thousandths,
f Three units, 3; four tenths, ------------d
10
10

thousandth,

1
-----------1000

2
-----10

7
--------100

1
-----------1000
2
--------100

d Nine units, 9; two hundredths,

4 a

2
-----------1000

; seven hundred thousandths,

3+

4
-----10

7
-----10

d 5+

8
-----10

6
--------100

7+

2
-----10

7
------------------100 000

2
--------100

7
------------------100 000

b 2+

g 10 + 9 +
i

2
-----------1000

4
-----10

c 6+
e

;9+

3
-----------1000
1
9
------ + --------100
10
9
6
--------- + -----------100
1000

2+

1
-----10

4
---------------10 000

7
-----10
2
-----10
1
-----10

+
+

1
--------100

3
--------100
8
-----------1000

1
---------------10 000

Exercise 4B Comparing decimal


numbers
1 a
d
g
j
2 a
e
i

0.32
b
0.99
e
0.1440
h
10.0233
k
>
b <
<
f <
>
j <

0.91
0.901
0.039 90
0.110 49
c <
g <
k <

c
f
i
l

0.59
0.666
2.559
0.102 36
d <
h >
l >

3 a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
i
j
k
l
4 a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
i
j
k
l
5 a
b
c
6 a

b
c
d
e

0.17, 0.21, 0.33, 0.39, 0.45


0.12, 0.16, 0.19, 0.22, 0.27
0.314, 0.391, 0.413, 0.420, 0.502
0.613, 0.624, 0.677, 0.690, 0.710
0.803, 0.807, 0.811, 0.821, 0.902
0.1002, 0.1033, 0.1164, 0.1196, 0.1245
0.9087, 0.9189, 0.9812, 0.9864, 0.9943
0.4004, 0.4076, 0.4100, 0.4139, 0.4826
4.0292, 4.5097, 4.6031, 4.6249, 4.802
13.0229, 13.0291, 13.0294, 13.0299, 13.0929
0.003, 0.004 65, 0.005 02, 0.0056, 0.009
0.507, 0.5079, 0.595, 0.61, 0.617
0.48, 0.39, 0.36, 0.31, 0.19
0.38, 0.35, 0.27, 0.16, 0.02
0.99, 0.97, 0.95, 0.91, 0.90
0.29, 0.13, 0.09, 0.07, 0.02
1.291, 1.288, 1.279, 1.273, 1.264
0.491, 0.442, 0.437, 0.433, 0.406
0.390, 0.372, 0.318, 0.317, 0.309
0.602, 0.591, 0.573, 0.556, 0.502
0.8889, 0.8823, 0.8448, 0.8217, 0.8207
0.7695, 0.7657, 0.6024, 0.1079, 0.0307
1.843 21, 1.702 96, 1.486 59, 1.486 13, 1.349 54
12.9092, 12.392, 12.289 50, 12.208 64, 12.002 36
Shelley, 0.21 seconds
Carolyn, 0.06 seconds
Mara, 0.11 seconds
David 22.34 metres, Brenton 22.78 metres, Lloyd
22.21 metres, Eli 22.32 metres, Daniel 22.67
metres, Ari 22.05 metres, Aaron 22.43 metres
Brenton
Daniel
Aaron
0.11 metres

Exercise 4C Converting decimal


numbers to fractions
1 a
e
i
2 a
e
i
3 a
d
g
j
4 a
d
g
i

3
5
9
21
-----b ----c ----d -------10
10
10
100
49
63
502
617
--------------------------------------f
g
h
100
100
1000
1000
882
9456
9209
4621
--------------------------------------------------------j
k
l
1000
10 000
10 000
10 000
6
7
4
3
1 ----b 1 ----c 2 ----d 9 ----10
10
10
10
13
48
27
182
---------------------------2 -------f
6
g
5
h
19
100
100
100
1000
843
682
4917
3386
12 ----------j 16 ----------k 2 --------------l 4 --------------1000
1000
10 000
10 000
4
2
8
4
24
6
------ = ------------------b 10 = 5
c 100 = 25
10
5
44
11
12
3
30
3
--------- = -------------- = ------ = -----e
f -------100
25
100
25
100
10
64
16
28
7
75
3
--------- = ------ = ------ = --h -------i -------100
25
100
25
100
4
120
3
286
143
468
117
------------ = ------ = --------- = --------k ----------l ----------1000
25
1000
500
1000
250
2
1
8
4
2
1
- = 1 -------- = 2 -------- = 4 --1 ----b
2
c
4
10
5
10
5
10
5
5
1
42
21
15
3
- = 8 ----------- = 12 ------ f
--------- = 3 -----8 ----e
12
3
10
2
100
50
100
20
25
1
140
7
- = 6 --- = 9 -----6 -------h 9 ----------100
4
1000
50
205
41
645
129
- = 32 -------------------- = 18 --------32 ----------j
18
1000
200
1000
200
345
69
48
3
- = 24 --------- = 100 --------24 ----------l 100 --------------1000
200
10 000
625

b A

c C

d E

Exercise 4D Rounding off


1 a 0.32
e 7.13
i 0.19
2 a 0.4
e 300.1
i 17.6
3 a 2.39
e 64.2952
i 8.90
4 a C
5 a 11
e 112
i 0
6 a 10
e 260
i 10 020
7 a 300
e 100
i 1700
8 a 3000
e 28 000
i 13 000
9 $27.70

b 0.86
c
f 100.81 g
j 19.70
k
b 0.9
c
f 12.8
g
j 0.9
k
b 14.0
c
f 0.382
g
j 47.880 k
b E
c
b 8
c
f 22
g
j 1
k
b 80
c
f 180
g
j 209 720 k
b 200
c
f 6800
g
j 1 462 800 k
b 6000
c
f 9000
g
j 1000
k
10 25C

1.25
d 13.05
71.26
h 0.01
0.40
l 1.00
9.3
d 25.3
99.9
h 8.9
94.0
l 1.0
0.03
d 0.8765
96.3
h 3.04
0.10
l 0.49
E
d A
4
d 93
42
h 2138
1
l 41
50
d 140
310
h 1480
20
l 10
900
d 100
900
h 9800
100
l 0
12 000
d 19 000
1000
h 49 700
130 000 l 50 000
11 3.568 metres

10 Quick Questions 1
1

5
--------100

or 5 hundredths

2 One and nine tenths and six hundredths and three


thousandths
3 4.328
4 4.098 < 4.908
5 0.0709, 0.8, 1.61, 4.15, 6.08, 7.03, 24.5, 324.8
67
41
6 -------7 2--58 7 -------100
500
9 13.63
10 13.6

Exercise 4E Adding decimal


numbers
1 a 0.5
b 0.7
c 3.5
d
e 14.3
f 3.9
g 8.9
h
i 2.69
j 3.39
k 0.91
l
m 33.42
n 0.813
o 13.239
p
q 1.5851 r 102.1858
2 a 7.441
b 11.79
c 6.77
d
e 22.813 f 2.041
g 14.791
h
i 21.906 j 103.059 k 38.092
l
m 1011.354 n 8.3659 o 7.9082
3 a 7.9
b 20.38
c 6.03
d
e 16.39
f 55.747 g 0.7191
h
i 2012.333 j 22.040 29 k 175.8021
l 261.449 06
4 a 4.6
b 6.9
c 1.59
d
e 12.708 f 7.440
g 4.89
h
i 9.434
j 3.471
k 17.280
l
m 17.3271 n 20.4329 o 1056.7863
5 a 11.69
b 105.22 c 42.031
d
e 40.682 f 9.799
g 42.514
h
i 105.958 j 192.8949 k 20.9916
l 2618.9564
6 a B
b A
c A
d
7 $167.00
8 $4.70
9 20.05 kilometres
10 8.1 kilometres
11 $6.60

4.9
0.45
9.93
38.142
1.224
19.31
4.0786
18.78
22.322
40.27
108.249
8.9685
18.951
14.066
D

4A

k
5 a B

653

answers

Answers

4E

answers

654

Answers

Exercise 4F Subtracting decimal


numbers
1 a 0.21
b
e 1.123
f
i 4.205
j
m 0.1399 n
2 a 2.07
b
e 57.578 f
i 89.19
j
m 3.36
n
3 a 3.34
b
e 4.146
f
i 1.2509 j
m 4.1136 n
4 a C
b
5 $10.35
7 11.73 metres
9 31.28 metres
10 a

Team

Maths Quest challenge (p. 152)


1 5 cents

1.11
c 0.60
d 5.32
0.346
g 3.18
h 0.13
2.206
k 7.68
l 0.18
0.0806 o 1.3368
0.14
c 4.093
d 12.834
5.02
g 0.00 189 h 1.12
993.5901 k 5.56
l 87.09
0.467
o 2.733
5.93
c 3.849
d 0.327
27.83
g 1.934
h 3.289
14.5326 k 16.766
l 38.238
0.1951 o 0.772 16
B
c B
d B
6 50.48 kilograms
8 48.38 seconds
1

Time
153 159.3 148.9 166.6 155.9 155.8
(seconds)
b Team 3

c 4.1 seconds

Exercise 4G Multiplying decimal


numbers by a whole number
1 a 14.0
b 125.6
c 146.7
d 61.2
e 111.70
f 428.67
g 190.26
h 518.96
i 26.068
j 6.384
k 0.794 43
l 113.541 464
2 a 312.9
b 327.0
c 10.54
d 54.74
e 152.83
f 232.74
. g 268.018
h 321.522
i 30.2586
j 3366.636
k 11 676.213 l 15 952.664
m 73 914.408
n 699 656.655
o 9 256 452.713
3 a 142.3
b 86.52
c 31.49
d 9.9
e 274.815 f 0.023
4 One, right
5 a 827.8
b 496.2
c 27.84
d 1302.6
e 529.43 f 29 684.5
6 Two, right
7 a 249.8
b 602.49 c 1486.1
d 83 020.91
8 Three, right
9 a 4
b 5
c 6
10 a 132.7
b 2.64
c 80.498
d 4.86
e 74.57
f 1277.29 g 823
h 1970
i 30
11 a 64.8
b 138.96
c 58 906.43
d 270.8
e 217 148.96
f 842 619
g 82 049.6783
h 3 268 904.3267
i 984 326.641
j 59 027 683.017
k 278.498 32
l 460
m 5 290 000
n 39 486 000
12 a 3500c b 12 700c c 1100c
d 2535c
e 5820c
f 11 015c
13 a 1092
b 4548
c 13 450
d 38 340
e 1016
f 5973
g 147 200 h 437 400
14 $750
15 108 litres

2 1.25

3 3.7, 6.8, 12.5

Exercise 4H Multiplying decimal


numbers
1 a 0.84
b 2.94
d 7.76
e 0.140
g 0.385
h 0.441
j 4.304
k 0.2082
m 2.8992
n 4.905 64
2 a 0.0001
b 0.000 012
d 6.557
e 0.000 002 44
g 0.392
h 0.000 6062
3 a 0.3
b 0.851
d 6.557
e 16.848
g 55.872
h 28.652
j 18.9644
k 79.7720
m 4.271 40
n 1.702 934
4 a E
b B
c A
5 $2.20
6 a 3205 cents
b $32.05
7 0.375 litres
8 260.7569 square metres

c
f
i
l
o
c
f
i
c
f
i
l
o

0.32
0.192
0.326
0.3486
10.016 395
0.063
0.000 36
0.000 0042
2.538
60.300
12.3095
35.6896
15.806 841
d B

Maths Quest challenge (p. 154)


1 191.75 cm

2 0.6

3 12

Exercise 4I Dividing decimal


numbers by whole numbers
1 a 0.6
b 3.1
c 2.9
d 0.54
e 1.61
f 4.71
g 2.42
h 0.788
i 1.983
j 1.147
k 4.0701
l 8.3729
m 6.8594 n 31.6176 o 3.13
p 3.12
q 2.231
r 1.222
s 6.421
t 11.0311
u 4.74
2 a 1.85
b 4.75
c 1.46
d 2.45
e 1.25
f 6.95
3 a 6.72
b 3.59
c 8.14
d 10.25
e 9.99
f 0.0546 g 0.0989
h 10.204
i 3.5492
4 One, left
5 a 1.569
b 0.249
c 0.106
d 6.077
e 23.40
f 0.348
g 0.2480
h 0.00312
i 0.003 581
6 Two, left
7 a $3.65
b $1.70
c $56.85
d $0.75
e $0.90
f $63.50
8 a 0.013 98
b 0.098 76
c 0.504 87
d 0.767 9062
e 0.140 09
f 6.001 65
9 a 3
b 4
c 5
d 6
10 a 1.407
b 9.6813
c 9.8506
d 0.6208
e 3.592 87
f 0.023 4978
g 0.053 320 667
h 0.000 090 769
i 0.103 454 97
j 0.802 4056
k 0.000 1527
l 0.000 583
m 0.000 072 05
n 0.000 000 0032
11 a 0.265
b 0.79
c 0.235
d 0.595
e 0.001 465
f 0.001 74
12 a C
b B
c A
d B
13 $0.60
14 $4.50
15 0.675 metre

10 Quick Questions 2
1
4
7
10

6.01
2 21.28
4062.39
5 133.815
1.351 968
8 1.3568
36.65 kilometres

3 0.94
6 398 700 000
9 2.7503

Exercise 4J Converting fractions to


decimal numbers and recurring
decimals
1 a 0.75
e 0.2
i 0.32
2 a 2.5
e 0.26
i
3 a
e
h
4 a

b 0.5
f 0.25

c 0.8
g 0.375

d 0.05
h 0.02

b 0.6

c 12.8

d 49.1

0.41

g 0.913
133.9462 k 1.83

0.040 12 j
0.17
b 0.3
0.18
f 0.4
0.142 857
B
b A

c
g
i
c

0.1
0.417
0.47
D

h 8.6418
l 0.127
d 0.13
d A

Exercise 4K Dividing decimal


numbers
1 a 5
e 4
i 2.2
m 0.852
2 a 1564.08
d 12.13
g 0.4782
3 a D
4 20 bottles
6 26

b
f
j
n

7
c 8
d 9
11.1
g 0.31
h 5.1
66
k 72.1
l 12.31
0.336 77 o 1.367
b 4.254
c 20.01
e 143.134
f 1786.1
h 15 771.987 i 1630.95
b D
c B
d D
5 71.5 or 71 people
7 201

Exercise 4L Percentages

b 64%
c 36%
12 55%
13 33 --13- %
15 68.5%
16 25%

Exercise 4M Calculating percentages


1 a $8
b $10
c $100
d
e $8
f $21
g $72
h
i $3
j $5.10
k $24
l
m $2.40
n $25
o $12
p
q $9.60
r $5.25
s $8.10
t
u $24.20 v $24.50 w $26.60
x
2 a $3.20
b $1.25
c $7.50
d
e $0.15
f $1.60
g $2.11
h
i $16.42
3 One, left
4 a $2.30
b $5.70
c $13.00
d
e $8.15
f $1.48
g $14.96
h
i $135.45
5 a $0.60
b $1.80
c $3.40
d
e $4.50
f $6.00
g $2.25
h
i $0.64
j $1.68
k $25.41
l
6 a $0.26
b $0.42
c $1.66
d
e $16.20 f $0.14
g $0.07
h
i $0.17
7 Two, left
8 a $15
b $33
c $6
d
e $0.93
f $2.25
g $2.97
h
i $22.5
9 a C
b D
c C
d
10 80 students
11 234
12 $2325
13 272
14 a 2.88 hours
b 20.16 hours
15 2 040 000 people

$16
$175
$990
$4.50
$7.10
$4.20
$16.70
$7.78
$6.40
$34.59
$1.20
$1.37
$11.78
$4.06
$0.06
$1.20
$85.23
A

Summary
1
3
5
7
9
11
13

decimal
greater
dot, line
answer, question
divide
hundred
fraction, of

2
4
6
8
10
12

less
right, zero
numerator, denominator
lined up
ten, left
percentage, multiply

Chapter review
1 a
c
e
f
g
2 a

7 tenths
b 7 hundredths
7 tenths
d 7 thousandths
7 ten thousandths
7 hundred thousandths
7 units
h 7 thousandths
6
4
3
6
9
- , -------------- , --------- , -----------2, ----b
10 100
10 100 1000

c 10, 8,

4
-----10

6
-----------1000

d 90, 6,

3
-----10

4
--------100

2
-----------1000

8
---------------10 000

3 a 6.4
b 0.943
c 12.26
4 a 0.459
b 12.806 c 1.603
5 a >
b <
c <
e >
f <
g <
6 a 0.13, 0.22, 0.34, 0.71, 0.86
b 0.124, 0.247, 0.258, 0.274, 0.285
c 0.826, 0.834, 0.859, 0.888, 0.891
d 0.217, 0.356, 0.358, 0.365, 0.385

d
d
d
h

4.11
2.793
<
>

4F

1 a 16%
b 50%
c 38%
d 75%
e 8%
f 99%
g 1%
h 100%
i 1--2- % or 0.5%
2 a 16%
b 60%
c 70%
d 60%
e 20%
f 25%
g 74%
h 95%
i 100%
j 50%
k 60%
l 4%
3 a 40%
b 5%
c 30%
d 40%
e 80%
f 50%
g 20%
h 12 1--2- %
i 57 1--2- % j 30%
k 37 1--2- %
l 66 2--3- %
3
1
2
m 2 --9- %
n 33 --3- % o 43 --4- %
4 a 24%
b 89%
c 56%
d 38%
e 2%
f 9%
g 1%
h 95%
i 60%
5 a 30%
b 80%
c 6%
d 2%
e 4%
f 0.5%
g 0.9%
h 1.7%
i 4.8%
j 3.5%
k 28.2%
l 16.5%
33
81
53
7
----------------6 a -------b
c
d -------100
100
100
100
3
3
9
31
------------e ----f
g
h
20
4
50
50
i 1--37 a 0.29
b 0.37
c 0.01
d 0.93
e 0.02
f 0.75
g 0.95
h 0.1
i 0.65
8 a C
b E
c A
d D
e B
9 Order of operations: 75%; factors, multiples and
primes: 72%; time: 70%; algebra: 88%

10 a 25
11 60%
14 76%

answers

655

Answers

4M

answers

MQ 7 Answers Page 656 Wednesday, June 18, 2003 4:25 PM

656
7 a
e

4
--5
1
--8

8 a 1 --129
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18

19
20
21

22
23

Answers

b
f
b

17
--------100
71
--------125
4 3--52 5--8-

c
g
c

9
-----25
41
--------200
-----3 12
25
-----1 14
25

d
h
d

187
-----------1000
19
-----20
5 1--48
8 ----25

e 2 3--4f
g
h
a 1.3
b 2.05
c 13.86
d 0.048
e 1.9260 f 17.90
a 14
b 29
c 87
d 100
a 9.1
b 10.09
c 6.993
d 15.647
e 215.72 f 41.737 45
$53.50
a 5.3
b 9.07
c 2.04
d 90.659
e 0.949
f 1.575
2.125 litres
a 18.6
b 42.03
c 66.0180 d 5.3494
a 2.53
b 667.48
c 5122.32
d 9.289 74
a 2.6
b 13.45
c 6.45
d 182.94
e 14 662.81 f 48.0643 g 839.204 h 368
a 1.312
b 0.516
c 0.783
d 0.000 18
e 0.87
f 2.7168
g 15.046 016
h 1.023 36
$3.68 or $3.70
a 0.3
b 0.41
c 2.08
d 73.62
e 0.16
f 33.11
a 1.4623
b 10.236
c 9.612 347
d 0.200 32
e 264.983 0026
f 34.6294
a 0.05
b 0.625
c 0.714 285 d 0.2
a 4.5
b 0.82
c 19.2781

Exercise 5A Using rules


1 a Input
Output

10
6

5
1

6
2

14
10

4
0

b Input
Output

1
2

13
14

6
7

107
108

2
3

c Input
Output

10
22

51
63

60
72

1
13

144
156

d Input
Output

12
4

3
1

66
22

21
7

141
47

2 a Input
Output

3
11

4
13

2
9

10
25

17
39

b Input
Output

4
28

2
12

5
36

20
156

100
796

c Input
Output

5
40

2
25

12
75

3
30

43
230

d Input
Output

5
22

8
55

25
242

3
0

4
11

e Input
Output

5
25

8
64

10
100

0
0

1
1

4
20

7
53

12
148

0
4

1
5

Input
Output

3 a Input
Output

1
3

3
5

27
29

2
4

53
55

191
193

b Input
Output

3
23

56
76

25
45

74
94

0
20

1753
1773

c Input
Output

7
2

96
91

15
10

9
4

17
12

109
104

12
-----25

d Input
Output

1
4

6
24

321
1284

2
8

7
28

103
412

d $8.40
h $4.32

e Input
Output

3
8

13
28

21
44

10
22

1
4

50
102

Input
Output

2
3

16
73

5
18

3
8

5
18

20
93

Chapter 5 Algebraic rules and


expressions

g Input
Output

5
25

17
289

1
1

7
49

12
144

2
4

History of mathematics: The


development of algebra

h Input
Output

2
34

15
294

7
134

3
54

11
214

9
174

Input
Output

3
1

15
5

273
91

6
2

162
54

63
21

Input
Output

19
4

31
7

7
1

51
12

63
15

23
5

24

25
26
27

d
a
d
g
a
e
a
a

83.016 2
8
b 51
c 11
34.3
e 894.73
f 6200.762
2.413
h 21 426.78
3%
b 29%
c 8%
d 36%
70%
f 25%
g 40%
h 40%
16%
b 59%
c 41.3%
d 2.7%
99
7
3
23
--------b --5c ----d -------100
50
100

6
-----25

28 65%
29 a $26
e $0.17
30 $60
31 14

17
-----20

b $2.58
f $9.32

9
--------100

c $10.29
g $67.50

1 The word algebra comes from the title of a book


called Al-jabr wal muqabala written by the
mathematician Al-Khwarzimi.
2 Omar Khayyam
3 Istanbul
4 Iran

Maths Quest challenge (p. 184)


1

2 7, 3, 4, 6

Exercise 5B Writing and finding


formulas
1 a
c
e
g
i
k
m
2 a
c
e
g
h
i
j
3 a
c
e
g
i
k
4 C
9 D

b = 4h
b m = 4f
r = 5a
d m = 4t
x = 5(k + 4)
f k = 6w 2
t = 4(20 g)
h b = 10a 5
d = 6f + 7
j h = 9(x + 5)
y = 8(3b + 6)
l y = 8p 6
g = 2(3r + 17)
n j = 18(5h 4)
g=f+9
b b=a3
t = 2k + 1
d y = 7x 5
g = 4a + 2
f t = 9m + 11
w = 3 p + 2 (w = 3p + 2)
x = 5 t 8 (x = 5t 8)
p = 3m 1
b = s 10 7 (b = 10s 7)
b=a+3
b t = 2s + 3
a=m4
d w=t+5
g = 2f 1
f c = 3s + 1
a = 4d 3
h g = 5s 4
e = 11f 20
j q = 20p + 4
t = 4b
l p = 3u 1
5 C
6 E
7 D
8 C
10 A
11 D
12 C

10 Quick Questions 1
1

Input
Output

2
6

5
9

14
18

20
24

23
27

36
40

Input
Output

6
12

24
66

11
27

16
42

32
90

8
18

Input
Output

65
13

30
6

40
8

25
5

70
14

15
3

4 Add 6 to each input number.


5 Multiply each input number by 4.
Input
4
Output 16

13
52

7
28

12
48

1
4

18
72

24
96

31
124

6 Add 1 to the input number then multiply the result


by 5.
7 k = 8w + 12
8 g = 7m 4(t + 11)
9 b=a2
10 m = 4t + 4

d h
p

5
14

22
48

62
128

1
6

11
26

e b
t

5
8

60
173

20
53

15
38

100
293

t
s

1
8

8
36

40
164

7
32

3
16

g x
y

3
2

123
122

70
69

40
39

1
0

h g
s

19
182

8
72

7
62

154
1532

1
2

m
t

3
9

11
1

7
5

4
8

12
0

f
p

1
6

111
666

11
66

12
72

8
48

k y
m

3
6

1
10

6
0

4
4

0
12

r
k

4
18

11
102

12
114

16
162

804
9618

2 a
b
c
d
e
3 a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
i
j
k

i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i

m=0
m = 197
m = 67
m = 12
m=1
m = 26
m = 45
m=0
m = 180
m = 35
m = 15
m = 32
m = 303
m = 13
m=0
m = 44

iv
iv
iv
iv
iv
iv
iv
iv
iv
iv
iv
iv
iv
iv
iv
iv

m = 100
m = 13
m = 247
m = 536
m = 25
m = 152
m=0
m=4
m=0
m = 75
m = 63
m = 77
m = 216
m = 49
m = 12
m=2

m=2
m = 11
m = 19
m = 15
m = 21
m=4
m = 20
m = 40
m = 27
m=5
m=7
m = 17
m=9
m = 16
m = 48
m = 26

ii
ii
ii
ii
ii
ii
ii
ii
ii
ii
ii
ii
ii
ii
ii
ii

m=3
m=1
m=7
m = 10
m = 13
m=2
m = 40
m = 36
m=9
m = 125
m=1
m = 23
m=3
m = 28
m = 60
m=8

iii
iii
iii
iii
iii
iii
iii
iii
iii
iii
iii
iii
iii
iii
iii
iii

answers

657

Answers

Exercise 5D Problem solving using


algebra
1 a T

Exercise 5C Substitution
3
8

2
7

18
23

11
16

40
45

b n
m

17
0

43
26

20
3

700
683

22
5

c x
y

3
4

123
124

70
71

40
41

1
2

c D=T+2

d D = 26

5A

1 a a
b

5D

answers

658

Answers

2 a B

10

12

10

13

16

c W = 2B + 2
3 a S

d W = 22

P
b

Exercise 5E Expressions and


equations
1 a
d
g
j
m
2 a
e
i
3 a
e
4 a

B+2
K5
2N
4D
BF
True
b
True
f
False
j
B
b
B
f
A+B+C

d ABC

c P = 3S + 1
4 a, b A

d P = 661

e $2544.85

10

13

16

g A+3
5 a TX
$T
d ------5
g $11M
j

12B

b T3
e G+N+W
h C+H
k H+6
n 3M + Y
True
c False
True
g True
True
k True
C
c D
A
g B
b AC
B
e ---C
b $4B

c
f
i
l

D+6
D+H
12 G
ZG
d
h
l
d

True
False
False
E

c AB
A+C
f -------------B
c 45G
Y
f --6
i 52 J

e R+M
h A+H
B+G
k -------------2

A+H+K

m 4R
d L = 3A + 1
5 a H

Maths Quest challenge (p. 206)

e L = 226

15

22

29

36

c S = 7H + 1
6 a B

d S = 239

Exercise 5F Like terms

11

16

21

26

c
7 a
c
e
g

S = 5B + 1
$235
c = 235 + 47n
$399
$627

S = 61
$329
Yes
c = 285 + 57n

d
b
d
f

10 Quick Questions 2
1 c = 6k + 3t
3 w = 2y 1
5 n
h
6

2 r = 17 y + 8 h 2 m
4 c = 3f

18

23

16

10

23

28

21

14

15

41

32

16

44

20

72

176

140

76

7 g = 30
9 d = 75

8 m = 21
10 21

1 5 years
2 16 boys
3 9 trips: (1) 2 boys cross to opposite side, (2) 1 boy
rows back, (3) 1 man crosses to opposite side, (4) 1
boy rows back, (5) 2 boys cross to opposite side, (6)
1 boy rows back, (7) remaining man crosses to
opposite side, (8) 1 boy rows back, (9) both boys
cross to opposite side.

1 a
e
i
m
q
2 a
e
3 a
e
i
4 a
e
i
m
5 a
c
e
g
i
k
m
o
q
s
u
w

True
b True
True
f False
True
j True
True
n True
False
r False
B
b E
C
f A
True
b False
False
f True
True
j True
5a
b 14y
20e
f 5t
3e
j 7t
18x
n 12m
25ab 7
Cannot be simplified
14t 3
Cannot be simplified
16f + 5
t
2mno
11pr + 2
11t 5
8aw
11t 8
10g 2

c
g
k
o

False
True
True
True

d
h
l
p

False
False
False
True

c
g
c
g

C
D
False
False

d D

c
g
k
o
b
d
f
h
j
l
n
p
r
t
v
x

15c
d 2u
14ab
h 6fg
5f
l 0
8a
3y
30i 2
13r
Cannot be simplified
4 + 2g
0
14pq
Cannot be simplified
t
Cannot be simplified
4t + 3
22r + 6

d True
h True

6 a
f
7 a
d
g
j

0
b 0
2
g 0
5a, 35
10a, 70
17 + 8a, 73
a, 7

b
e
h
k

c 0
h 7
9a, 63
10a, 70
5a + 2, 37
0, 0

d
i
c
f
i
l

8
e 7
6y
4a, 28
10a, 70
2a, 14
17a 16, 103

1 A = 2, B = 9, C = 1
2 D = 5, E = 2 or D = 6, E = 3
3 + 734 + 765 + 836 + 867 + 928 + 938
+ 734 + 765 + 836 + 867 + 928 + 938
+1468 +1530 +1672 +1734 +1856 +1876
4 + 9 567
5 + 940
+ 1 085
+ 739
+10 652
+ 8 925
+10 604

Summary
output
2 pronumeral
formula, equation
4 multiplying
front
6 substitution
terms
8 equals
pronumerals
10 simplifying
expression, like terms 12 evaluate

Chapter review
1 a Input
Output

3
12

1
4

13
52

7
28

4
16

b Input
Output

4
11

1
8

15
22

6
13

7
14

Input
Output

3
3

10
17

13
23

7
11

4
5

d Input
Output

4
1

8
2

16
4

20
5

0
0

2 a Input
Output

15
8

16
9

33
26

10
3

14
7

b Input
Output

4
19

1
10

15
52

5
22

33
106

Input
Output

3
16

1
12

6
22

4
18

43
96

d Input
Output

15
25

8
11

11
17

13
21

38
71

3 a C
b B
4 a y = 9x 4
5 a y=x+6
c h = 5g + 2

d x

14

47

80

36

7 a

Maths Quest challenge (p. 211)

1
3
5
7
9
11

c
8 a
e
9 a
d
g
j
m
10 a
d
g

S = 2T + 1
d S = 51
M C b $3B
c XY
D+1
f 12H cents g 5T
7g
b 6y
5ag
e 3gy
5y
h 7t + 6
11t 2m
k 4m
4h + 4t
n 10b + 7c
10x, 50
b 5x 4, 21
3x, 15
e 3x, 15
8x + 7, 47
h 11 + 7x, 46

105

104

b x

12

36

18

21

9h
0
18gh
15g + 12
8axy
23x, 115
x + 16, 21
6x, 30

1 a
d
g
j
m
p
2 a
d
g
j
m
3 a

x + 7 = 11
x + 5 = 56
x4=7
6x = 30
x
--- = 1
7
x
--- = 0
7
x = 11
m = 30
w=7
w = 18
b = 8.8
3
ii
5

ii

x+3=5
x7=1
x8=0
5x = 30
x
n --- = 100
3
b
e
h
k

b
e
h
k
n

15
3

18
+10

13
5

+10
15

m=5
m = 274
b=7
h = 25
x = 2.8

16

15

c
f
i
l
o

+1

+1

ii

y=9
w=1
k=0
k=4
c = 4.2

x + 12 = 12
x 11 = 11
2x = 12
6x = 12
x
o --- = 2
5
c
f
i
l

25

5D

c
f
i
l
o
c
f
i

Exercise 6A Using inverse


operations

b ii

6 a x

d G + 15

Chapter 6 Equations

b q = 3p + 6
b d=c5
d n = 4m 1

answers

659

Answers

6A

answers

660

Answers

c ii

Exercise 6B Building up expressions

1 a
7

4
x

ii

5x

14

2
4

+6
2

+6
4

e ii

10
3

30

d
5

10

30

f ii

21

ii

6
3

g ii

3.1

2 a

10
5
35

x+5

ii

10
10

15

+10

100

5 a Adding and subtracting are inverse operations.


Multiplying and dividing are inverse operations.
6 a 1
b 7
c 15
d 14
e 5
f 10
g 4
h 9
-----i 5
j 0
k 14.4522
l 15
8
n 17

o 2.59

p 532

+3

x+3

x 2.1

x + 4.9

x + 4.9
1

3(x 2.1)
5

+4.9

9(x + 3)
3

2.1

x2

x2

x
145

2
x

5
150

x + 10

x + 10

4 a Each pair of flow charts has the same operations,


but in the reverse order.
b The results are quite different.

m 3

4(x + 5)

38
10

5
15

+3

c
h ii

3.1x + 1.8

50

x
7

+1.8

+5

b
ii

x
+9
7

3.1x

x
7

+9
x

+3

x
2
8

h
6

2
x

+6

x
3
2

g
2

3
x

+6

x
+ 11
5

f
7

+11
x

1
3

2x + 7

5
x

+7
2x

ii

x
+1
3

8
x

ii

+1

9
x

d ii

5x 2

b
7

7
1
x
2

1
7(x )
2

h
x

3 a

x+2
3

4x

x+5

2
6(x + 5)

3
x

3x

11
x

11x

11x 2

5x

3
5
x2

x+1

2(x + 1)

5(x 2)

+2

+1
x

5x + 9
2

+1

7x + 3

+9

x
+1
2

x5

x5
4

6A

+5

x
3( + 6)
5

+3

x
x

7x

x
3x
+2

x + 6

4(3x + 1)
3

+6

4
3x + 1

+2
3x

3x

5 a

4(11x 2)

3x

3(x + 7)

3x + 7
+1

3(x + 7) 5
2

+7

x
6( + 4)
3

4 a

x + 4

5
3(x + 7)

3x

x8
+ 9
5
6

+4

+9
x8

x8

k
3x + 4

3x + 4
5

6(x + 5) 2
7

+4

x+6

x+7

+7

7x 12

x+6

+5

12

+6

i
x3

x
2
5

7x

12(x 7)

x
+3
7

x3

+3

x7

4x + 1

x8

12

12

x8

x8

+1

3x 2

x8

x
+ 4
6
7

8
x

12

6(x + 2)

3x

+4
x

1.8

+2

x 3.1

x 3.1

1.8

3.1

661

answers

Answers

6B

answers

662
e

Answers

x+7
2

3
x

x
3
6

6
+8
x

+3
3

3
4
x+8

8x
+3

c m=6
g w = 5.7

d x=5
11
h b = ----54

x=1
x=3

b x = 18
f x = 12

c x = 23
g w = 1.3

d x=4
h b = 2--3-

x=3
x = 77

b x = 45
f x=0

c x = 12
g x = 13

d x = 34
-----h x = 28
11

x = 14
x=5

b x = 29 c x = 78
f x = 291 g x = 4.65

2
-----15

7
-----20

2
--3

1
--2

x = 10 b
x=6
f
x = 11.13 j
x=6
n
x=3
b
x=7
f
1

3m
2

5
3

+2.1
x

9
7

x
+ 2.1
9

2k 18

n+3
6 -----------7

2k 18

+4
9a

9a + 4

+5

3t

3t + 5

3
7x 5

+5

+8

4
x+8

+5
4(x + 8)

4(x + 8) + 5
5

History of mathematics: Robert Recorde


1 The equals symbol =
2 The letters ae come from the word aequalis
meaning equal.
3 48 years old

Exercise 6C Solving equations using


backtracking
2
10
1
10

d x=4
h x = 2--9-

Exercise 6D Checking solutions


7x

1 a
e
i
m

d x = 50
h x=6
l x=1

18

10

2.1
5

x = 48
x=7
x = 25
2
x=3
x=7

3(x + 55)

55

c
g
k
o
c
g

d x=1
-----h x = 27
7

3m + 2

2k

x=3
x = 21
1
x = ----10
x=8
x=5
x=4

1 n + 11 = 15 (Pronumeral may vary)


2 k = 32 3 17 4 5 5 4n 11
7
3
+2

x7

x + 55

b y=1
f m = 25

x7
+7
+55

x=3
w=3

10 Quick Questions 1
8x 3

4(x + 8)
4
3

8
8

x+8

x+8
8
+8

2(x + 7)

2 a
e
i
3 a
e
i
4 a
e
i
5 a
e
i
6 a
e
i
m
7 a
e
i

+7

b
f
j
n

4
7
5
21.053

c
g
k
o

8
67
8
4 2--5-

d 13
h 88
l 5.3
-----p 31
36

1 a No
e No
i Yes
2 x
2x + 3
a x=4
3 x
5(x 2)
a x=4
4 a x
3
4
5
6
7
b x=6

b Yes
f Yes
j No
0
3
2
0

c No
g No
k Yes
1
2
5
7
b x=4
3
4
5
10
b x=6
2x + 1
7
9
11
13
15

d No
h No
l No
3
4
9
11
c x=1
5
6
15
20
c x=8
3x 5
4
7
10
13
16

5 a

x+3
-----------2

2x 6

12

11

16

2
3
4
5

b x=5
6 a Yes
b No
c No
d Yes
e Yes
f No
g No
h Yes
i Yes
j No
7 x=6
8 a x=3
b x = 14 c x = 10
d x=9
e x=3
f x = 20 or x = 0
g x = 5 or x = 0
h x=6
i x=4
9 7 and 14
10 a 11 and 15
b 9 and 18
c 7 and 47
d 8 and 37
e 42 and 136 f 51 and 53
g 42 and 111 h 97 and 145 i 2.2 and 3.9
j 2.9 and 5.1 k 347 and 631 l 11.9 and 23.1
11

x2 + 4

4x + 1

13

13

20

17

x = 1 and x = 3 are both solutions.


2 24 years old
4 7

10 Quick Questions 2
1 8
5 e = 64

2 n = 17
6 m=6

8 a
7(2a + 5)

3 k = 11
7 True

4 a = 19

35

49

63

77

91

105

a=2
3a + 4
19
22
25
28
31

9 a
5
6
7
8
9

6
7
10
11
12
13

14

Summary

Maths Quest challenge (p. 239)


1 10
3 5 metres, 15 metres

x + 20
k + 23
--------------- j 10x dollars
k --------------2
3
a D
b C
c D
d B
e B
f D
a $2x + 7 b 3x
c 4x + 3
d 2x + 1
e 3x + 6 f 3x + 6
Gareth is 13 years old.
x + 28
a 12
b --------------- c x = 8
3
d Karina scored 8 points in the third game.
Callie scored 96 pins.
16, 17 and 18 8 7, 9 and 11
9 25, 30 and 35
David is 14 years old.
Chris jumped 156 centimetres.
The twins are 11 years old.
a Cost of the hamburger + cost of a drink + cost of
a drink = total cost
or cost of the hamburger + twice the cost of a
drink = total cost
b $3.75 + 2d = $7.25
c d = 1.75. The cost of a drink is $1.75.
a i $62
ii $74
iii $86
b Cost = 50 + 12n
c $146
d 100 = 50 + 12n
e n 4.2. You could hire the windsurfer for 4
hours.
f $2 left over
g Yes, as you would receive your deposit back.
Total amount of money you would have is
$2 + $50 = $52.
i

5a 10
15
20
25
30
35

a=7
10 m = 19

1
3
5
7
9
11

flow charts
2 backtracking
algebraic
4 inverse
dividing
6 multiplying
subtracting
8 adding
solve
10 substituting
word, read, equation, simplify, check, answer

Chapter review
1 a m=5
2 a 11
3 a 16

e x+1

x
d --4

x
g --------100

h 7x

100x

d d = 20
d 35
d 8

x7
d ----------5
5 a

e 5(x + 3) 9 f

x+7
4

6
x

5(x + 7)

x
3
4

4x + 11
-----------------8

+7

c 6(x + 2)

14
6x

6x 14

6B

c 2x

c s = 19
c 16
c 11

x
b --- 5
3

b x8

b h=6
b 2
b 42

4 a 7x + 8

Exercise 6E Solving word problems


1 a x+5

answers

663

Answers

6E

answers

MQ 7 Answers Page 664 Wednesday, June 18, 2003 4:25 PM

664

Answers

d
x

6 a

x+5
7

+9

7
2

5
1

x
1
7

+1
13
2x

3
4
5

x+9

x+9
9
7

7(x + 5)

7
8
9
10
11
12
13

+5

x+2

x+2

2 a
b
c
d
e
f

+2

30
23
70
2.4 cm
70 mL

ii
ii
ii
ii
ii
ii

1
--4

i 2500
i 40%
5 cm
9 cm
45 mm
25 mm
6.3 cm
0.8 cm
2.5 m
120 km

165
35
15
4.8 cm
110 mL

288
46
115
9.9 cm
190 mL

3
--4

ii 5000
ii 70%
b
f
b
f
b
f

iii
iii
iii
iii
iii

iii 6500

7 cm
c 3 cm
d 8 cm
2.5 cm g 4.5 cm
h 6.5 cm
86 mm c 90 mm
d 35 mm
80 mm g 42 mm
h 65 mm
0.9 cm c 1.5 cm
d 0.7 cm
3 cm
b 150 million km c 60 m
e 8m
f 140 m

10 Quick Questions 1
2x 13

+13

a x=2
b y = 10
a d=4
b t = 100
a v=3
b c = 12
a Yes
b No
a 32, 51 b 27, 59
Sophie owns 31 cards.
7 pieces of homework

c m = 60
c d=3

d s = 18
d a=6

Exercise 7A Metric units of length


1 a m, cm b m
e cm, mm f cm, mm
i km
j m, cm
2 a m
b cm
e cm, mm f km
i cm, mm j mm
3 A
5 Various answers

1
3
5
7
8
9
10

Millimetres
2 Metres
Approximately 4 cm
4 60
4.2 cm or 42 mm
6 Approximately 16 m
False
Millimetres, centimetres, metres, kilometres
Check with your teacher.
Check with your teacher.

Exercise 7C Converting units of


length

Chapter 7 Length and perimeter


c km, m
g cm, mm

d m
h m, cm

c cm
d mm
g m, cm
h cm, mm
k km, m
l cm, mm
4 C
6 Various answers

History of mathematics: Joseph Louis


Lagrange
1 1736
2 Astronomy, sound, mechanics (calculus and
probability could also be listed)
3 Supervise the development of the metric system
4 Answers may vary. Multiples of 10 are very easy to
calculate.
5 Answers may vary. Measurements such as 12 inches =
1 foot and time of day are counted up to 12 hours.
6 Check with your teacher.

Exercise 7B Reading scales and


measuring length
1 a 4 cm
e 6.4 cm
i 2.3

g
h
B
C
a
e
a
e
a
e
a
d

i
i
i
i
i
i

b 7 cm
c 2 cm
f 10.1 cm g 5.8 cm
j 1.6

d 9.5 cm
h 11.6 cm

1 a 2000 m
b 7000 m
c 65 000 m
d 5300 m
e 660 m
f 900 cm
g 25 cm
h 280 mm
i 2000 mm
j 70 000 cm
2 a 8 km
b 6.5 km
c 0.7 km
d 0.05 km
e 0.0105 km f 60 m
g 3m
h 0.57 m
i 0.09 m
j 4.5 cm
k 83.5 cm
l 2560 cm
3 a 800 000 cm
b 5.4 m
c 101 000 m
d 0.078 km
e 60 250 000 mm
f 1.128 m
g 72 330 mm h 4.05 cm
i 5050 m
j 0.030 35 mm
4 D
5 E
6 a 67 700 m
b 0.0452 km c 0.56 m
d 4.5 km
e 87.5 mm
f 60 cm
g 7210 mm
h 309 000 cm i 4.8 cm
j 11 655 mm
7 868 cm, 10.8 cm. About 80 times longer
8 Everest 8.863 km, K2 8.607 km
9 1630 cm
10 448 m
11 a 150 cm, 12.5 m, 0.02 km
b 3000 mm, 350 cm, 0.445 m
c 50 000 mm, 500 m, 50 km
d 1.7 m, 1700 cm, 0.17 km
e 0.0052 mm, 0.000 052 m, 0.052 cm
f 0.909 m, 9000 mm, 990 cm
12 a 3.75 m (375 cm)
b 10.2 km (10 200 m)
c 432 cm (4320 mm) d 2.242 m (224.2 cm)
e 3.91 m (391 cm)
f 25.6 m (25 600 mm)
g 47.8 km (47 800 m) h 0.001 553 km (155.3 cm)

13 a 66.4 km (66 400 m)


b 410.4 m (410 400 mm)
c 0.104 m (10.4 cm)
d 1.7 km (17 000 cm)
14 2.76 cm
15 44
16 216 m
17 1.593 m
18 Yes, 36 cm
19 215 cm, 105 cm, 155 cm, 170 cm
20 2.4 m
21 198 cm
22 40 cm
23 38

10 Quick Questions 2
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

Centimetres
Check with your teacher.
4300 m
87 m
210 000 cm
1345 mm, 9 m, 2000 cm, 0.04 km, 67 m
583 mm
28 cm
30 240 mm or 3024 cm or 30.24 m
1.91 m
b
f
j
b
f
j
b
f
j
b
f

16 units c
22 units g
14 units
92 mm c
29.5 m g
28 cm
16 cm c
22 cm g
18 cm
173 mm c
180 mm
6 E
9 48.5 m
b $3667

Chapter review
1 a Kilometres or metres b Centimetres
c Millimetres
2 a 4.5 cm
b 440
3 a 45 mm
b 32 mm
c 29 mm
4 5.525 m
5 a 0.56 m
b 0.023 km
c 1700 cm
d 750 000 mm
e 2090 mm
f 0.068 m
g 2.25 cm
h 6.3 m
i 82 000 km
j 0.59 cm
6 0.004 45 km, 455 cm, 44.5 m, 455 000 mm
7 a 51 200 m (51.2 km) b 3700 cm (37 m)
8 25 cm
9 8.4 m (840 cm)
10 a 46 cm
b 20 cm
c 165 mm (16.5 cm)
d 21 cm (210 mm)
11 243 m

Chapter 8 Area, volume and


capacity

Exercise 7D Perimeter
1 a 8 units
e 18 units
i 14 units
2 a 40 cm
e 44 cm
i 68 cm
3 a 16 cm
e 22 cm
i 22 cm
4 a 108 mm
e 160 mm
5 B
8 156 cm
11 a 193 m
12 a

665

answers

Answers

18 units
16 units

d 10 units
h 12 units

108 mm
74 cm

d 30 m
h 173 mm

18 cm
15 cm

d 8 cm
h 25 cm

18 units

d 29.5 cm

7 A
10 252 cm

3.6 m

23.77 m

Exercise 8A Area
1 a cm2
b cm2
c m2
d mm2
e km2
f cm2
g m2
h m2
i km2
j m2
k ha
l mm2
2 a 14 cm2
b 12 cm2
c 12 cm2
d 10 cm2
e 10 cm2
f 8 cm2
g 10 cm2
h 23 cm2
3 a 16 cm2
b 8 cm2
c 7 cm2
d 9 cm2
e 5 cm2
f 9 1--2- cm2
g 12 cm2
h 10 cm2
4 Approximate answers accept answers within 2 cm2
of those listed here.
a 19 cm2
b 5 cm2
c 24 cm2
2
2
d 19 cm
e 24 cm
f 19 cm2
5 a 18 cm
b 14 cm
c 20 cm
d 22 cm
e 16 cm
f 18 cm
g 22 cm
h 38 cm

Maths Quest challenge (p. 284)


6.4 m

10.97 m

6.4 m

3.6 m

b 109.48 m
13 325.8 m

c $4050.76
14 139.8 m

Maths Quest challenge (p. 272)


1 5083

2 36

3 30 days

4 C

Summary
metres
2 zero
kilometre
4 metre
cm
6 mm
(top line) 10, (bottom line) 100, 10
multiply
9 divide, 1000
multiply, 1 000 000
11 divide, 100
distance, outside
13 same

7A

1
3
5
7
8
10
12

8A

answers

666

Answers

Exercise 8B Finding the area of a


rectangle
1 a ii length 4 cm, width 2 cm
ii 8 cm2
iii 8 cm2
iv same
b ii length 6 cm, width 1 cm
ii 6 cm2
iii 6 cm2
iv same
c ii length 6 cm, width 4 cm
ii 24 cm2
iii 24 cm2
iv same
d ii length 8 cm, width 5 cm
ii 40 cm2
iii 40 cm2
iv same
2
2 a 15 cm
b 4 cm2
c 15 m2
d 14 km2
e 24 cm2
f 10 m2
2
2
g 600 mm
h 6m
i 160 m2
j 294 mm2
k 16 km2
l 2888 km2
2
2
3 a 20 cm
b 48 m
c 261 mm2
d 56 m2
e 400 mm2
f 72 cm2
g 76 m2
h 18 cm2
i 135 mm2
j 686 mm2
k 48 m2
l 325 m2
4 17.5 m2
5 800 cm2
6 9.66 m2
7 a 7.5 m2
b 15 boxes
c $528
8 104 m2, $1300
9 75 m2
10 $141.64
11 4920 km2
2
12 3 sheets
13 135 m
14 39 m2
15 864 cm2

Exercise 8C Converting units of area


1 a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
i
j
k
l
m
n
2 a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
i
j
k
l
m
n
3 a
b
c
d
e
f

3 m2 = 30 000 cm2
3.5 cm2 = 350 mm2
56 m2 = 560 000 cm2
2.850 cm2 = 285 mm2
4 km2 = 4 000 000 m2
8.5 km2 = 8 500 000 m2
9.2 km2 = 9 200 000 m2
12.34 m2 = 123 400 cm2
45 m2 = 450 000 cm2
0.53 km2 = 530 000 m2
6.6 cm2 = 660 mm2
2.4 cm2 = 240 mm2
4.6 km2 = 4 600 000 m2
37.2 km2 = 37 200 000 m2
23 000 cm2 = 2.3 m2
235 mm2 = 2.35 cm2
2540 cm2 = 254 000 mm2
650 mm2 = 6.5 cm2
74 000 000 m2 = 74 km2
0.089 km2 = 89 000 m2
560 000 000 m2 = 560 km2
1200 mm2 = 12 cm2
56.3 m2 = 563 000 cm2
542 000 cm2 = 54.2 m2
43 cm2 = 4300 mm2
11.67 m2 = 116 700 cm2
4500 cm2 = 0.45 m2
0.2 km2 = 200 000 m2
53 000 m2 = 5.3 ha
786 m2 = 0.0786 ha
1 000 000 cm2 = 100 m2
10 646 m2 = 1.0646 ha
35 000 000 m2 = 35 km2
0.0006 km2 = 600 m2

4
6
7

9
10

g 3 000 000 m2 = 3 km2


h 98 563 m2 = 9.8563 ha
i 100 000 m2 = 0.1 km2
j 778 000 m2 = 0.778 km2
k 56 ha = 560 000 m2
l 1.48 ha = 14 800 m2
m 8500 m2 = 0.85 ha
n 0.074 km2 = 74 000 m2
A
5 C
127.5 ha
a 12 500 m2, 1.3 ha, 0.3 km2
b 0.2 ha, 250 000 m2, 1 km2
c 0.2 m2, 2 m2, 200 000 cm2
d 500 mm2, 0.002 cm2, 100 m2
a 540 mm2 or 5.4 cm2
b 10.3 m2 or 103 000 cm2
c 22.06 cm2 or 2206 mm2
d 362 000 m2 or 36.2 ha
e 240 000 m2 or 0.24 km2
f 7960 mm2 or 79.60 cm2
g 8400 m2 or 0.0084 km2
h 6 600 000 m2 or 6.6 km2
i 527 cm2 or 52 700 mm2
j 852 000 m2 or 85.2 ha
200 000 m2
a 16 000 000 000 m2
b 1 600 000 hectares

Maths Quest challenge (p. 293)


1 $2560
3 48 mm

2 Length 9cm, width 4 cm


4 26

10 Quick Questions 1

1 cm2
2 m2
3 19 cm2
5 14 cm2
6 11 m2
7 2436 km2
2
9 130 cm 10 4 200 000 m2

4 32 cm
8 6826 m2

Exercise 8D Finding the area of a


triangle
1 a 4 cm2
d 8 cm2
g 367.5 cm2
j 75 cm2
m 27 m2
2 a 81 cm2
d 40 m2
g 16 cm2
j 13.5 m2
3 a 23.625 m2
4 126 m2
6 a 212 500 km2
7 13.05 m2
9 315 cm2

b
e
h
k
n
b
e
h

3 cm2
50 cm2
24 cm2
6.75 cm2
270 m2
5 m2
9 cm2
56 cm2

c 112 cm2
f 150 mm2
i 588 cm2

b $283.50
5 27 m2
8 39.28 m2
10 14.25 m2

Exercise 8E Volume
1 a 8 cm3
d 12 cm3
g 18 cm3

c 40.5 cm2
f 1 m2
i 20 m2
l 104.5 cm2

b 8 cm3
e 12 cm3
h 12 cm3

c 6 cm3
f 48 cm3
i 3 cm3

2 B
3 a 4 cm3
d 8 cm3
g 35 cm3
j 17 cm3
4 A

b 24 cm3
e 13 cm3
h 14 cm3

c 15 cm3
f 7 cm3
i 4 cm3

Exercise 8F Finding the volume of a


rectangular prism
1 a 12 cm3
b 12 m3
c 243 cm3
3
3
d 6144 cm
e 4 cm
f 192 m3
g 270 cm3
h 101.25 cm3
2 9690 cm3
3 477 750 cm3
4 a 2700 cm3
b 2 700 000 mm3
3
5 4.875 m
6 a 28.875 cm3 b 28 875 mm3
c 176 mm3
d 20 075 mm3
7 768 m3
8 40.8 m3
9 Each guest receives 267 cm3 of cake
10 2277 cm3

10 Quick Questions 2
1 3344 km2
2 360 m2
35 Answers will vary. Some possible examples are:
length 10 cm, width 3 cm; length 15 cm, width 2 cm;
length 6 cm, width 5 cm.
6 288 m2
7 2 880 000 cm2
8 60 mm3
9 11.76 cm3
10 64 500 m3

Exercise 8G Finding the volume of


other types of prisms
1
Prism
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
i
j

Height
(cm)
2
2
3
2
3
4
2
3
3
3

b 136 cm3
e 189 cm3
h 720 mm3
b 12

Volume
(cm3)
12
10
9
10
15
16
6
21
24
18

c 180 cm3
f 39 m3

Exercise 8H Capacity

1 a 2 L = 2000 mL
b 3000 mL = 3 L
c 13 L = 13 000 mL
d 7000 mL = 7 L
e 5500 mL = 5.5 L
f 260 mL = 0.26 L
g 2.5 L = 2500 mL
h 32 000 mL = 32 L
i 55 mL = 0.055 L
j 0.035 L = 35 mL
k 420 L = 420 000 mL l 0.99 L = 990 mL
m 1.87 L = 1870 mL
n 22 500 mL = 22.5 L
o 350 mL = 0.35 L
p 38 L = 38 000 mL
q 25 mL = 0.025 L
r 0.007 L = 7 mL
2 a 750 cm3 = 750 mL
b 2500 cm3 = 2500 mL
c 800 cm3 = 800 mL = 0.8 L
d 40 000 cm3 = 40 000 mL = 40 L
e 6 L = 6000 mL = 6000 cm3
f 5.2 L = 5200 mL = 5200 cm3
g 2.45 L = 2450 cm3
h 78 000 cm3 = 78 L
3 D
4 E
5 a 0.25 L, 2.45 L, 2.5 L, 25 000 mL
b 7.65 mL, 760 mL, 0.765 L, 7.60 L
c 0.011 L, 0.1 L, 110 mL, 1.1 L
6 Glass: 350 mL, beach bucket: 1.8 L, soapy bucket:
4.2 L, milk bottle: 0.6 L
7 1750 mL (1.75 L)
8 1620 mL (1.62 L)
9 9L
10 50 doses
11 225 bottles
12 The 185 mL container is the better buy.
13 9.9 L
14 4.8 L
15 616 mL
16 50.4 L
17 Approximately 27 L (27.09 L)
18 Answers will vary. 16 400 L = 1640 m3. An example
could be length 41 m, width 10 m, height 4 m.

Maths Quest challenge (p. 316)


1 25
2 a 8

b 12

c 6

d 1

Summary
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13

area
square metres, square centimetres
rectangle
multiply, 1 000 000
divide, 10 000
hectare
half
volume
cubic metres, cubic centimetres
rectangular
base, height
capacity
litres, millilitres

Chapter review
1 a
d
g
3 a

m2
ha
m2
12 cm2

b
e
h
b

km2
cm2
km2
8 cm2

c mm2
f cm2 or mm2
c 13 cm2

8B

2 D
3 B
4 a 186 cm3
d 88.5 cm3
g 108 cm3
5 2500 m3
6 a 1920 cm3

Area of
base (cm2)
6
5
3
5
5
4
3
7
8
6

667

answers

Answers

8H

answers

668
4
5
6
7
8
9

10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17

18
19
20

Answers

d 2 cm2
e 5 cm2
f
h 15 cm2
g 6 --12- cm2
a 15 cm2
b 7 cm2
a 150 m2
b 6 cm2
c
2
d 1440 km
e 486 cm2
f
a 9 cm2
b 9 cm2
c
2
e 380 cm2
f
d 52 cm
1230 cm2
$582.40
b 500 cm2
c
a 5.6 m2
f
d 2.53 ha
e 84 km2
h 12 500 m2
g 34 cm2
3.6 m2
0.72 m2
a 30 cm3 b 16 cm3 c 20 cm3
60 m3
b 24 cm3
c
a 36 cm3
e 24 cm3
f
d 24 cm3
a 112 cm3
b 384 cm3
c
d 40 cm3
15 960 cm3
a 8000 mL
b 420 mL
c
d 1012 mL
e 43 000 mL
f
g 4.755 L
h 0.432 L
4.9 L
a 1725 mL (1.725 L) b 8 glasses
Approximately 3 L

8 cm2

2914 mm
12.675 m2
19 cm2
11 cm2

11 12
2

9
8

d 28 cm3
15 cm3
8 cm3
72 cm3

3.3 L
3.4 mL

11 12

2
3

4
7

d
11 12
2

10
9
8
6

4
7

4
7

10

11 12

11 12

1
2

4
7

1
2

10
9

4
7

11 12

4
7

i
2

4
7

4 Answers will vary.


5 Order of activities: wake up; have your breakfast;
leave home for school; start school; have recess;
have your lunch; finish school; arrive home from
school; eat your dinner; go to bed.
6 a 60
b 120
c 150
d 270
e 195
f 375
g 30
h 45
i 465
j 1440
k 2880
l 4320
m 11 520 n 12 960 o 14 400
7 a 3 h 20 min
b 3 h 5 min
c 2 h 40 min
d 3 h 50 min
e 6 h 45 min
f 1 h 35 min
g 10 h 10 min
h 1 h 12 min
i 5 h 5 min
8 a 75 min
b 130 min
c 110 min
d 265 min
e 455 min
f 192 min
g 963 min
h 307 min
i 375 min
9 a 7
b 52
c 60
d 3600
e 86 400
f 24
g 8760
h 1440
i 525 600
10 a
d
g
j

5 pm
11.20 am
2.00 am
6.35 am

11 a 15 min
d 1 h 15 min
g 32 min
j 12 h
12 a 35 h 10 min
d 43 h 49 min
13 C
15 A
17 7 1--2- h
19 6.30 am
21 10.55 pm
23 4 h 2 min

b
3 pm
e 8.40 am
h 2.40 am
k 7.41 pm

c
f
i
l

b
e
h
k
b

c 1 h 13 min
f 1 h 53 min
i 5 h 15 min

1 h 5 min
53 min
3 h 45 min
8 h 11 min
32 h 47 min
14
16
18
20
22

6.30 am
5.18 pm
5.30 pm
10.20 am

c 13 h 31 min

D
48 min
7.25 am
11.45 pm
52 min

Maths Quest challenge (p. 329)

f
10

4
7

3000 m2
514 mm2

10

10

10

1 A cricket test match 5 days, writing your name


10 seconds, the duration of your mathematics
class 48 minutes, building a house 6 months,
flying time from Melbourne to Hong Kong
7 1--2- hours
2 a 5:00
b 5:04
c 7:23
d 1:05
e 9:14
f 6:47
3 a
b
1

11 12

10

Exercise 9A Time calculations

11 12

h
11 12

Chapter 9 Mass and time

10

1 25 minutes past 10
2 12 oclock and 6 oclock
3 10

Exercise 9B 24-Hour clock

1 10.12 am = 1012, 1212 pm = 1212,


12 midnight = 0000, 12 midday = 1200,
11.20 pm = 2320, 11.20 am = 1120

669

Answers

2 a 1020
b 1130
c 0510
d 0415
e 1715
f 1830
g 0830
h 2040
i 1200
j 2330
k 0435
l 1430
3 a 11.15 pm
b 1.10 pm
c 8.15 am
d 1.15 am
e 6.18 pm
f 12.20 pm
g 12.05 am
h 10.05 am
i 8.05 pm
j 11.35 am
k 3.20 pm
l 2.14 pm
4 a 12 h 49 min
b 2 h 15 min
c 1 h 45 min
d 45 min
e 13 h 10 min
f 3 h 5 min
g 7 h 30 min
h 12 h 56 min
i 9 h 20 min
5 6 h 31 min
6 a 3 h 15 min
b 240-min tape
7 3 h 45 min
8 B
9 D
10 A
11 B
12 3 hours
13 a Basic light: 2 h 50 min, basic medium: 3 h,
basic dark: 3 h 10 min
b 1.40 pm, timer set to start process at 1340.

10 Quick Questions 1

4
5

6
9
10
11

12
15
16

f 6 years 2 days
g 1 month 9 days or 5 weeks 5 days or 40 days
h 1 month 3 days or 4 weeks 6 days or 34 days
i 50 years 1 day
j 110 years 2 months 8 days
a 35 years
b 32 years
c 12 years
d 197 years
e 298 years
f 48 years
a 164 years
b 326 years
c 1080 years
d 1200 years
e 400 years
f 1650 years
g 1197 years
h 2440 years i 2070 years
15
7 19 years
8 12 years
a, b, e, h, n
a 0
b 1
c 2
d 3
e 4
f 9
a False
b True
c False
d True
e False
f False
g True
h True
i False
j False
k False
l False
m True
A
13 D
14 C
8 months 6 days
18 days

answers

MQ 7 Answers Page 669 Wednesday, June 13, 2001 9:30 AM

1 180 minutes
2 253 minutes
3 13 hours 7 minutes 4

5 9.22 am
6 1 hour 9 minutes 12 seconds
7 1547
8 10.22 pm
9 6 hours 48 minutes 10 1615

7:50

8:00

History of mathematics: The calendar

Started secondary school

1996

Time

1880

First
First
phonograph aeroplane

1860

1840

1820

First
railroad

1800

Time
(am)

8:50

1994

1992

Started kindergarten

8:40

First
automobile

Time

First Model
T-Ford

9A

First
hot air
balloon

8:30
Started primary school

8:20

1990

1988

First
steam engine
patented

1780

Started preschool

Tim was born


Tim had his first tooth
Began crawling
Began walking

Tim rolled over 1986


Tim started sitting

Exercise 9C The calendar


1 a 4 April, June, September, November
b 7 January, March, May, July, August, October,
December
c 1 February
d 365
e 14
f 12
g A year in which there are 29 days in February
h December, January, February
i June, July, August
j March, April, May
k September, October, November
2 a Saturday
b 14 June
c Tuesday
d 18 January, 15 February, 15 March, 19 April, 17
May, 21 June, 19 July, 16 August, 20 September,
18 October, 15 November, 20 December
e Sunday
f No, 2010 is not exactly divisible by 4 and there
are 28 days in February.
g 8 July
h Thursday
3 a 15 years b 7 months c 7 months d 12 days
e 2 months and 4 days or 9 weeks and 2 days or 65
days

8:10

1760

1 Gregorian calendar
2 Julian calendar
3 These days were removed from existence because
they were skipped when the calendar was redone.
4 The two calendar systems had not been brought into
line and thus one was behind the other.

1998

1900

Leave for school

Exercise 9D Time lines


Get dressed
Comb hair, brush teeth
Make lunch

Have a shower

Start eating breakfast

Get out of bed

11 12
10

9D

Tchaikovsky
1900

1
2
3
4

1880

1860

Grieg
1840

1820

1800

Strauss

Beethoven

Exercise 9E Timetables

Years

The wheel was invented


Egyptian numbers invented
Complex written word
Papyrus invented
First stone pyramid built
Cats were domesticated

Dog domesticated

1780

1740
Other animals domesticated
1760
Jericho was formed

1720

Mozart

Bach, Handel

Answers

1700

1680

5
6

7
8

Prosimian

Ramapithecus

2000 BC

3000 BC

Australopithecus
Homo habilis
Homo erectus
Homo sapiens
Homo sapiens neanderthalesis
Homo sapiens sapiens

4000 BC

5000 BC

6000 BC

7000 BC

8000 BC

9000 BC

10 000 BC

11 000 BC

Years

9
10
11

50

Basilosaurus

2 million years ago


1 million years ago
Present
70

Triceratops

4 million years ago


90

Kronasaurus
110

130

150

170

190

210

230

250

Dimetron

Coelophysis
Icarosaurus

Dimorphodon

Bronchiosaurus
Archaeopteryx
Diplodocus

10 million years ago

15 million years ago

20 million years ago

Time

270

answers

670

Time
(Millions
of
years
ago)

8 An accurate scale is important because a time line


shows when events occur in relation to other events.
We can then compare how close (or far apart)
different sets of events are.
9 An advantage of using a time line is that you can see
when things occurred in time, in relation to each
other.
10 The order of the information on a time line is very
important because there should be an accurate scale
to show when things occurred.
11 Various answers.

12
13
16
17
19
21
22

4
12.35 pm
Spencer St
Yes, all trains finish at Warrnambool and there is a
coach service after that.
Change to coach service.
The 8.49 finishes at Mt Gambier, the 12.35 finishes
at Port Fairy, the 6.00 finishes at Heywood and Mt
Gambier on Friday.
Westcoaster
a i 54 min
ii 3 h 14 min or 3 h 17 min on Friday
iii 45 min or 47 min on Friday
iv 30 min (Mon.Thurs.), 25 min (Fri.)
v 1 h 15 min
vi 1 h 50 min
b i 3 min
ii 3 min
iii 6 min Mon.Thurs. or 13 min on Fri.
iv Camperdown station, Port Fairy and Portland
v Friday
1 service Monday to Thursday, 2 services on Friday
Friday
a 8237, Westcoaster on Friday
b 5 hours 45 minutes
More people use the train.
3 per day
14 2
15 No
a 2.35 m
b 2.08 am
11 h 56 min
18 No
12 hours
20 No
a 0.08 m
b 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 15 November
a 0.78 m
b Thurs. 13 November at 11.04 pm

Exercise 9F Time zones and flight


schedules
1 a 9.00 pm
b 10.30 pm c 8.20 pm
d 10 am
e 10 pm
f 12.15 pm
g 1.30 am
h 3.45 am
i 6.10 pm
j 7.35 am
k 11.12 pm l 11.12 am
2 a 5.30 pm
b 2.00 am
c 2.00 pm
d 7.50 am
e 8.40 pm
f 9.20 am
g 1.10 am
h 0325 h
i 0550 h
j 2015 h
k 0855 h
l 0935 h
3 B
4 a 1 pm
b 3 pm
c 5 pm
5 a 12 midday
b 10 pm
c 12 midnight
6 a 3.30 am
b 11.30 am c 1.30 pm
7 Saturday
8 1805 h, 1905 h
9 a 5
b 3
c 2
10 3
11 0605 h, 1105 h, 1505 h
12 a Yes
b i 1 stop
ii Brisbane
13 Flight 626
14 Same flight travels from Melbourne to Brisbane and
then to Cairns.
15 a 5
b 7
c 6
16 Tuesday

17 4 h 45 min
18 a 3 h 15 min
b Flight 608 has a stop in Brisbane, whereas flight
644 has no stops.
19 3
20 a 7
b 5
c 6
21 55 min
22 No
23 a C
b C

Maths Quest challenge (p. 352)


1 2062
2 14 August
3 Connor misses the train by 20 minutes.

10 Quick Questions 2

7 h 35 min
25 min
4 min
24.5 m
128.6 days
36 litres/h
i 600 litres
3600 m/s
12 960 km/h

b 12 h
c 8h
e 6 h 40 min f 20 h
h 60 h
i 4h
b 2.5 h
e 1--4- h
h
j
m
b

c 5h
f 6 min

8.10 h = 8 h 6 min
28 min
k 2 min
20 min
n 18 min
98 m
c 85 days

b 27 h 47 min
ii 16 h 40 min
b 3.6 km/s
c 216 km/m

Exercise 9G Rates and speed

Time

3 d, b, f, c, g, e, a
4

Time

5 a
d
e
6 a
b
c
d
7 a
b
c
d
e
f

7080 s, 110120 s
b 130150 s
c 20 s
To get some items to put on the shelves
Answers will vary.
At 40 minutes into the lesson
Various answers such as sudden laughter at a joke,
students calling out answers
520 minutes into the class and at the 45 minute
mark
15 minutes the first time, then just for an instant
the second time.
People were arriving at the performance.
30 minutes into the performance
Something funny happened or was said.
1525 minutes into the performance
10 minutes
The audience was applauding the performance.

9D

1 a 120 drips/min or 2 drips/s


b 5 m/s
c 90 km/h
2 3 cm/s
3 a 60 km/h
b 40 km/h
c 30 km/h
d 120 km/h
4 a 100 km/h
b 120 km/h c 30 km/h
d 80 km/h
e 72 km/h
f 50 km/h
g 90 km/h
h 120 km/h i 106.92 km/h
j 138 km/h
k 97.5 km/h l 110.12 km/h
m 94.29 km/h
n 122.4 km/h
5 103.5 km/h
6 89.06 km/h
7 7.5 km/h
8 14 km/h
9 12.3 km/h
10 a 0.6 km/h
b 2.8 km/h c 0.45 km/h
d 1.2 km/h
e 0.04 km/h f 3 km/h
g 1.27 km/h
h 10.13 km/h i 1.8 km/h
j 1.65 km/h
k 0.6 km/h l 1.41 km/h
11 a 23.48 km/h
b 4.63 km/h c 2.55 km/h
d 17.29 km/h
e 10.61 km/h
12 a 96 km
b 192 km
c 288 km
d 480 km
e 960 km
f 48 km
g 24 km
h 120 km
i 144 km
j 72 km
k 264 km
l 224 km
m 448 km
n 1088 km o 40 km
p 56 km
13 11.25 km
14 1 km
15 C

Level of coffee in
a coffee cup

7 Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday


8 4 hours 55 minutes
9 0900, 6 August
10 2300, 5 August

1 a Day 7
b Day 3
c Rain
d People using the water, or more water used than
rainfall
e Family were away and did not use the water
f Answers will vary.
2

Distance from home

Gold and Black


Arwon
Beldale Ball

Rain Lover

Light Fingers

Rising Fast

Hiraj

g
i
l
20 a
d
21 a
c
22 a
d

17 C

Exercise 9H Graphs and time

1940
1942
1944
1946
1948
1950
1952
1954
1956
1958
1960
1962
1964
1966
1968
1970
1972
1974
1976
1978
1980
1982

Dark Felt

1 495 minutes
2 28 days, 29 in a leap year February
30 days April, June, September, November
31 days January, March, May, July, August,
October, December
3 1218 years
4 Yes
5 55 days
6

16 A
18 a 6 h
d 7.5 h
g 30 h
j 3h
19 a 2 h
d 7h

671

answers

Answers

9H

Answers

450 min
4320 min
3 h 30 min
1 h 15 min
190 min
222 min

b
e
b
e
b
d
b

0715 h
2150 h
7.25 am
9.21 pm
9 h 57 min
6 h 35 min
26 years

c
f
c
f

0320 h
0105 h
3.50 pm
11.20 am

7
10
12
13

d 750 kg
e 800 kg
f 5250 kg
g 90 kg
h 122 kg
i 203 750 kg
a 2000 mg
b 0.25 t
c 1 000 000 mg
d 0.82 g
e 8.4 t
f 0.75 t
g 3200 g
h 2500 kg
i 7030 kg
j 75 tonne
k 5000 g
l 4 500 000 kg
m 18 kg
n 0.02 t
2935 g
8 5.1 kg
9 73.7 kg
900 kg
11 1.3 kg
a 20.33 kg
b Yes, by 0.33 kg
a 417 kg
b 117 kg
c Yes, under by 3 kg

Summary
1
3
5
7
9
11
13
15
17

vertical
2 final
noon
4 4
add
6 thirty, thirty-one, February
before
8 after
total
10 equal
headings
12 24
ahead
14 speed, distance, time
multiply
16 divide
milligrams, kilograms, tonnes

First simple compass was used


by the Chinese

First modern coins

First Olympic Games

Exercise 9I Mass

The Chinese calculated pi ()


accurately to 5 decimal places

b 7 years 5 days
d 64 years 7 months 13 days

b 62.5 km/h

12 a 7.24 pm
13 a 9.20 pm
d 4.23 pm
14 a 1.30 pm
d 2235 h
15 7.00 am GMT
16 a 220 km
d 522.5 km
17 10 h
18 D
21 e, b, c, g, a, f, d
22 a 3 tonnes
d 20 kg
23 1139.4 kg

AD 400

AD 300

300 BC

400 BC

500 BC

600 BC

700 BC

Time
800 BC

1 Feather, egg, lunch box, brick, bag of cement, car


2 a 1000 g
b 2000 g
c 2500 g
d 3700 g
e 500 g
f 720 g
g 6700 g
h 109 020 g i 14 080 g
j 30 g
k 25 g
l 3070 g
m 5120 g
n 1004 g
o 10 040 g
3 a 500 g
b 250 g
c 750 g
d 600 g
e 3500 g
f 22 250 g
g 100 850 g
h 10 g
i 68 g
4 a 2000 kg
b 2700 kg
c 3800 kg
d 300 kg
e 40 kg
f 15 100 kg
g 7030 kg
h 18 005 kg i 103 040 kg
5 a 500 kg
b 333 1--3- kg
c 250 kg

c 237 years

AD 200

1 270 seconds
2 a 32.5 litres

c
f
c
f
c
f

First paper was made

Maths Quest challenge (p. 364)

315 min
1440 min
2 h 20 min
13 h 20 min
160 min
635 min

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75
Time (min)

b
e
b
e
b
e

AD 100

1 a 180 min
d 105 min
2 a 2 h 45 min
d 3 h 40 min
3 a 80 min
d 258 min
4 9 h 15 min
5 a 2235 h
d 1642 h
6 a 12.40 pm
d 9.09 am
7 a 9 h 20 min
c 15 h 38 min
8 a 107 years
d 415 years
9 a 9 years
c 2 years 2 days
10 a, c, d, f
11

100 BC

Chapter review

Great Wall of China completed


First paved streets were built in Rome
Romans began to cultivate oysters

1020 minutes after he started his bike journey


10 minutes
c 5 minutes
25 minutes
e 15 minutes
15 minutes
g 25 minutes
40 minutes
i 35 minutes
The journey home was uphill, or he rode his bike
much more slowly because he was with friends.
k 80 minutes = 1 hour 20 minutes

200 BC

8 a
b
d
f
h
j

Distance from home

answers

672

b 15 min
b 1.30 am

c 52 min
c 7.15 am

b 1.30 am

c 0450 h

b 385 km

c 27.5 km

19 A

20 B

b 25 000 g

c 0.5 g

Chapter 10 Angles
Exercise 10A Measuring angles
1 a
e
i
2 a
3 a
4 a
b

40
b 81
c 75
d
142
f 107
g 162
h
240
j 201
k 316
l
B
b C
60 b 128 c 35 d 245 e 77
Difficult, as angle is approximately 7
Same as bottom section

13
103
356
f 63

Maths Quest challenge (p. 382)

307

349

1
2
3
5

328

300

345

358

a 180 b 90 c 0 d 30 e 150 f 15
a 270
b 120
c 330
16 2--3- m
4 250 minutes
Mowing lawns, $519.35

673

Exercise 10B Constructing angles


with a protractor
1 a

15

d
53

75

f
45

40

h
76

88

2 a

b
96

165

e
g

140

127

3 a

185

92

143

156

149

210

Exercise 10C Types of angles


1 a
d
g
j
m
p
2 a
c
e
3 a
d
4 a
d
5 a
d
6 a
b
7 a
b
c

Acute
b Reflex
c Obtuse
Obtuse
e Straight
f Acute
Reflex
h Right
i Acute
Revolution
k Obtuse
l Acute
Acute
n Reflex
o Acute
Reflex
4; 3, 45, 65, 69
b 2; 123, 165
Yes, 90
d Yes, 180
4; 234, 300, 270, 210
f Yes, 360
Right
b Straight line c Obtuse
Acute
e Reflex
f Revolution
Acute
b Revolution c Obtuse
Straight
Acute
b Right
c Obtuse
Straight
e Reflex
f Revolution
i Acute ii Obtuse iii Straight iv Right
v Obtuse vi Obtuse
Various answers
Angle 1: reflex; angle 2: acute; angle 3: right
Angle 1: 293; angle 2: 67; angle 3: 90
Various answers

10 Quick Questions 1
1 150
3

answers

Answers

235

243

25

260

5 Obtuse
7 2 acute angles
9 3 obtuse angles

2 296
4
212

6 Reflex
8 10 right angles
10 7 reflex angles

192

Exercise 10D Naming angles

249

4 C
5 a

295

214

269

9H

1 a XUV or VUX
b PQR or RQP
c SDX or XDS
d GPZ or ZPG
e PFH or HFP
f ZRO or ORZ
2 In each case the middle letter should be at the vertex
of the angle.
3 a Acute: NOM, MOY; obtuse: MOX
b Acute: PQS, RQO; obtuse: SQR, SQO,
RQP
c Acute: MLN, NLO, OLP, PLK, NLP,
OLK; obtuse: MLO, MLP, NLK
d Acute: POR, ROT, TOU, UOV;
obtuse: POU, ROU, ROV
e Acute: YOX, WOQ, POQ
obtuse: XOW, YOP, YOW

10D

answers

674

Answers

f Acute: VOT, TOR, ROP, POZ, ZOW,


WOV; obtuse: VOR, TOP, ROZ, POW,
ZOV
g Acute: FOG, GOK; obtuse: DOG
h Acute: JOH, KOH, POK; obtuse: TOK,
HOP
4 a ABC or ACB
b BDE, CED
c BAC
d BAC (external)

d
h
d
h

d 78
h 72

3 a
d
g
j
4 a

N 23 E
S 45 W
N 2 W
N 42 E

b
e
h
k

c
g
k
c
g
k

S 36 E
Due west
N 70 E
Due south
b

W
W

d
h
l
d
h
l

N
E
S50E

E
S

5 a 023 T
e 125 T

d = 105

060 T
261 T
135 T
N 60 E
S 81 W
S 45 E
or SE
c S 18 W
f N 45 W
i Due east
l S 25 W

S S2E
N

h
N10W N

d 100

N45E
W

d 152
h 120

Obtuse
PQF or FQP
159
k = 55
w = 153

322 T
132 T
291 T
N 38 W
S 48 E
N 69 W

b 345 T
f 191 T

c 355 T
g 106 T

Exercise 10G Bearings


207 T
077 T
168 T
S 27 W
N 77 E
S 12 E

N80E
E

d 52
h 78

Constructions
025 T b
192 T f
170 T j
N 25 E b
S 12 W f
S 10 E j

S40W

Exercise 10F Compass constructions

1 a
e
i
2 a
e
i

N
W

45
84
132
55

10 Quick Questions 2
2
4
6
8
10

1 45
2 150
3 15 557 m (to the nearest metre). Answers of 15 560 m
or 16 km are acceptable.
133
DVM or MVD
56
m = 11
t = 126

W
S60W

Maths Quest challenge (p. 402)

1
3
5
7
9

Exercise 10E Calculating the size of


angles
1 a 78
b 58
c 2
e 17
f 65
g 21
2 a 105
b 174
c 68
e 13
f 118
g 147
3 b, c, f
4 a, c, f
5 a 55
b 18
c 45
e 24
f 32
g 28
i 53
6 30
7 a 130
b 10
c 25
e 75
f 52
g 58
i 79
8 a 320
b 288
c 225
e 270
f 205
g 130
i 72
9 a 32
b 130
c 6
e 40
f 160
10 a y = 90 b k = 63 c a = 38 d

N30W

d 088 T
h 228 T

Point

True bearing

Conventional
bearing

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.

090 T
050 T
340 T
140 T
180 T
220 T
250 T
290 T
310 T
160 T
200 T
110 T

due east
N 50 E
N 20 W
S 40 E
due south
S 40 W
S 70 W
N 70 W
N 50 W
S 20 E
S 20 W
S 70 E

7 a 138 true
c 129 true

b 095 true
d 162 true

Summary
1
3
5
7
9
11
13
15
17
19
20

lines
2 a vertex, the arms
degrees
4 subtract it from 360
outside
6 acute
right
8 obtuse
180
10 reflex
one revolution
12 the vertex of the angle
sign
14 complementary
supplementary
16 circle
equal
18 halve
from north
northsouth line, east or west

Chapter review
1 a 42
b 105
c 298
2 Constructions
3 a Revolution
b Right angle c Straight line
d Obtuse
e Reflex
f Acute
4 D
5 A
6 B
7 E
8 EDF or FDE
9 a 135
b 131
c 100
d 115
e 155
10 a 78
b 50
c 34
d 52
e 20

11 a
e
i
1214
15 a
e
16 a

35
b 165
20
f 120
30
Constructions
N 78 E b S 55 E
N 65 W
315 T b 072 T

c 122
g 14

d 90
h 45

c S 9 W

d S 70 W

c 125 T

d 192 T

Chapter 11 Polygons and


polyhedra

7 a p = 50; n = 70
b a = 22; b = 28
c x = 80, y = 50
d t = 35; s = 55
e b = 46
f n = 21
g m = 60
h t = 28
8 Check with your teacher.
9 a Yes, angles add to 180.
b No, angles add to 175.
c No, angles add to 185.
d Yes, angles add to 180.
10 The sum of the angles will be greater than 180.

10 Quick Questions 1
1
3
5
7
9

Exercise 11A Types of triangles


1 a
d
2 a
c
e
3 a

Scalene
b Isosceles
c Isosceles
Equilateral
e Scalene
f Isosceles
Right-angled triangle b Acute-angled triangle
Obtuse-angled triangle d Acute-angled triangle
Obtuse-angled triangle f Right-angled triangle
b
V
S
U
R

1 a Square
d Rhombus
2 a D
3 a True
e True
4 D
5 a

2
4
6
8
10

Acute-angled triangle
53
a = 52
y = 42
49

b Trapezium
e Rectangle
b A
b True
f False

c Kite
f Irregular
quadrilateral

c E
c False
g True

d True
h True

Isosceles triangle
69
j = 51
h = 66
t = 56

Exercise 11C Types of quadrilaterals

675

answers

Answers

C
N

4
5
6
7
8
9
10

7 a Rectangles, squares, trapeziums


b Irregular quadrilateral, rectangles, squares
8 Answers will vary.
9 21 (18 f side length 1 and three f side length 2)

a B
b B
a E
b A
Isosceles/acute-angled triangle
Check with your teacher.
Check with your teacher.
a 5
b 6
c 2
c 10 cm

Exercise 11D Angles in a


quadrilateral

Maths Quest challenge (p. 428)


1 a 27
2 a 16

b 32
b 44

Exercise 11B Angles in a triangle


x = 57
b g = 125
k = 60
e f = 93
d = 45
b b = 65
c = 70
b e = 76
u = 66
b k = 45
t = 74
e f = 57
b = 20
b p = 60
p = 56
70
b 156
c 50

c
f
c
c
c
f
c

t = 44
z = 90
a = 50
n = 52
d = 76
p = 70
k = 30

d 64

60
95

95
110

130

60

60
110

110 110
60

10E

1 a
d
2 a
3 a
4 a
d
5 a
d
6 a

1 a t = 138
b b = 85
c t = 90
d t = 202
e p = 92
f m = 90
g s = 53
h c = 66
i k = 67
2 a m = 78
b u = 75
c t = 132
d f = 108
e p = 63
f z = 73
3 a m = 113
b c = 98; d = 82
c t = 116
d p = 52; m = 106
e t = 103; x = 91
f m = 65; p = 115
4 D
5 B
6 p = 61
7 115
8 45 and 135
9
80

11D

answers

676

Answers

10 a Yes, angles add up to 360.


b No, angles add up to 270.
11 a 130
b Infinite number

j
F

Exercise 11E Polygons


1 b, d
2 a Pentagon
b Nonagon
c Decagon
d Triangle
e Heptagon
f Decagon
4 12 sides; dodecagon
5 a C
b B
6 a Triangles, hexagons
b Quadrilaterals, hexagons
c Hexagons
d Quadrilaterals, hexagons, octagons
7 Answers will vary.

2 a

b
F

10 Quick Questions 2
1 Parallelogram; opposite sides and opposite angles
are equal, 2 pairs of parallel sides.
2 a = 88
3 h = 103
4 w = 71
5 t = 128
6 123
7 Each angle is 102.
8 Nonagon
9 Answers will vary but should have 8 sides.
10 Undecagon

F and R
R
T

Exercise 11F Constructing polygons

17 Constructions
8 D

Exercise 11G Plans and views


1 a

3 a

F
R

R
R

c
F

Front

Front

Front

4 D

R
T

Front

5 a Circle

b Oval c Trapezium

d Rectangle

6 a

T
F

F
F

7 a It would be difficult to construct this solid.

F
F
F

The solid would look like the one shown. The 4th
cube is behind the front bottom cube, resting on
the surface. The two top cubes have no cubes
supporting them.

Answers

Exercise 11H Polyhedra, nets and


Eulers rule
1 a i 6 faces, all square
ii 8 vertices
iii 12 edges
b i 8 faces (all triangles)
ii 6 vertices
iii 12 edges
c i 12 faces (all pentagons)
ii 20 vertices
iii 30 edges
2 i Cube ii Octahedron
iii Dodecahedron
3 a 4
b 4
c 6
4 a 6
b 8
c 12
5 a 8
b 12
c 18
6 a 20
b 12
c 30
7

Question

Polyhedron

Number
of faces
(F)

Number
of
vertices
(V)

Number
of edges
(E)
F+VE

1i

cube

12

1 ii

octahedron

12

1 iii

dodecahedron

12

20

30

tetrahedron

parallelepiped

12

truncated tetrahedron

12

18

icosahedron

20

12

30

8 a No
b Yes
9 a 24
b 28
c 6
d 18
10 b i F:5, E:8, V:5

Chapter review
1 a Equilateral triangle
b Scalene triangle
c Isosceles triangle
2 a Obtuse-angled triangle
b Acute-angled triangle
c Right-angled triangle
3 a t = 67
b b = 28
c x = 75
4 a p = 56
b m = 64
c n = 60
5 67
6 a Rectangle
b Parallelogram c Trapezium
d Kite
e Square
f Rhombus
7 a 75
b 55
c 42
8 a 66
b 112
c 126
9 115
10 a Heptagon
b Quadrilateral c Dodecagon
11 Answers will vary but should have 6 sides.
12 Construction
13 a 60
14 a F
b
F

677

answers

MQ 7 Answers Page 677 Wednesday, June 13, 2001 9:30 AM

F
S

T F
T F

15 a

ii F:9, E:15, V:8

Maths Quest challenge (p. 466)


1 18
2 One of several possible answers

16 a i 8
b i 10
17 a 16

ii 6
ii 12
b 8

iii 12
iii 20
c No

Chapter 12 Transformations
Exercise 12A Translations
1 a
c
e
g
i
k
2 a

Summary
greater than
equal
scalene
adjacent, unequal
equal sides
equal in size
closed, straight
3-dimensional, polygon
exterior, supplementary
polyhedron, net
front
faces, vertices, edges

2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22

isosceles
acute-angled
right
rectangle
trapezium
parallel, opposite
regular
180
360
top
side elevation

b
d
f
h
j
l
b

3 a

3 right, 2 down
1 down, 16 right
1 down, 32 left
18 right, 8 up
2 down, 19 left
13 up, 11 left

11E

1
3
5
7
9
11
13
15
17
19
21
23

9 right, 4 down
1 up, 16 left
16 right, 9 down
7 down
10 right, 3 up
2 up, 29 left

12A

answers

678

Answers

10 Quick Questions 1

1 10 units right, 4 units down


2
e

Image

Object

4 a 11 right, 1 down
b 4 right, 5 down
c 4 right, 3 down
d 5 left, 2 up
5 D
6 a Each car body is translated one car body width
sideways.
b The third footprint is a translation of the first
footprint. It has been translated 2 steps forward.
c The left highlighted tile has been translated 2 tiles
to the right and 1 tile up to obtain the other
highlighted tile.
d The position of the right starfish is a translation of
the position of the left starfish. It has been
translated 5 cm down and 8 cm to the right.
7 a 6 left, 3 down
b 7 right, 4 down
c 2 right, 2 up
d 11 up, 6 left
e 5 up, 2 right
f 21 up, 3 left
g 8 down, 7 right
h 8 down, 9 left
i 4 up, 1 right
j 6 left, 9 up
k 1 left, 11 down
l 32 up, 16 left

3 7 up, 7 right
4 4 down, 8 right; 3 up, 10 right; 10 down, 2 left;
5 down, 7 left; 4 up, 8 left; 8 down, 2 right
5 4
6 Check with your teacher.
7 Check with your teacher.
8 Check with your teacher.
9

10

Exercise 12B Axes of symmetry


1 Check with your teacher.
2 a 3
b 0
c 1
d 1
e 1
f 0
g 1
h 4
3 a 2
b 2
c 6
d 8
e 5
f 0
4 a A B C D E H I K M O T UV W XY
b ciovwx
c HIOXox
5 C
6 A
7 a

Exercise 12C Reflections


1 a

d
8 Check with your teacher.

Maths Quest challenge (p. 480)


1 3 ducks

2
9

9 9 9

3 Thanhs father

2 a

Exercise 12D Rotations


1 a
b
c
d
e

f
g
h
i
2 a

3 a

1
--2
1
--4
1
--2
3
--4
1
--2
3
--4
1
--4
1
--2
1
--2

turn clockwise,
turn clockwise,
turn clockwise,
turn clockwise,
turn clockwise,
turn clockwise,
turn clockwise,
turn clockwise,
turn clockwise,

1
--2
3
--4
1
--2
1
--4
1
--2
1
--4
3
--4
1
--2
1
--2

turn anticlockwise
turn anticlockwise
turn anticlockwise
turn anticlockwise
turn anticlockwise

679

answers

Answers

turn anticlockwise
turn anticlockwise
turn anticlockwise
turn anticlockwise
b

3 a

4 a

4 a

5 Check with your teacher.

Maths Quest challenge (p. 488)

12A

1 15
2 70 minutes (or 1 hour 10 minutes)
3 23 years old

12D

answers

680

Answers

5 a

2 a

h
3 a iii

ii

i
iii

1
--5

6 a

1
--5

turn (or 72 turn)

1
--3

turn (or 72 turn)

1
-----16

turn (or 120 turn)


turn (or 22 1--2- turn)

7 8 Check with your teacher.

10 Quick Questions 2
1

iv

b Images are not the same so the order of the


transformations does matter.
4 a 4 units right, --14- turn clockwise
b 6 units right, reflected
c 1--4- turn clockwise, reflected
d

1
--4

turn clockwise, 8 units right

e 10 units right, reflected


f 9 units left, 1 unit down, reflected
5 a
b
3

4
c

1
--4

turn anticlockwise or

9 90 turn or

3
--4

turn clockwise

1
--4

turn

10 360 turn or a full turn

Exercise 12E Combination


transformations
1 a

History of mathematics: Maurits Escher


1 From the Moorish tiling patterns
2 Symmetry
3 It shows people travelling in the same direction,
walking up and down the same set of stairs. This is
not feasible. Also odd angles and perspective are
used.

Answers

Exercise 12F Tessellations

9 a

681

13 Check with your teacher.


4 a, b, c, e
5 a

answers

MQ 7 Answers Page 681 Wednesday, June 13, 2001 9:31 AM

Summary
1
3
5
7
9
11

transformations
folded
more than one
object
direction
repeated use

2
4
6
8
10

translation
mirror
image
a set point
the size of the angle

Chapter review
1 a

6 a
2 a 2 up, 6 left
c 3 up, 8 right
3 D
4 a

b 4 down, 8 right

5 a

7 a

12D
12F

answers

682

Answers

6 a

12 a

7 a

Chapter 13 Networks and


coordinates
Exercise 13A Interpreting maps
scale

8 a

0
315

0
315

45

45

90

135

180

90

135

180

0
315

45

1 a 1 : 100 000
b 1 : 2 000 000
c 1 : 5 000 000
d 1 : 40 000
e 1 : 10 000 000
f 1 : 10
g 1 : 100
h 1 : 200 000 000
i 1 : 45 000
2 a 50 cm
b 50 m
c 2m
d 500 m
e 10 km
f 400 m
g 300 m
h 8 km
i 100 m
3 a D
b A
4 a D
b B
5 2.8 cm
6 a 5.4 cm
b 0.44 cm
c 3.28 cm
d 0.154 cm
e 2.3 cm
7 a Length = 3.6 m, width = 1.84 m
b 28 cm
8 a Length = 23.75 m, width = 8.25 m b 93.5 m
9 a 240 km
b 26 km
c 39 km
10 a 1664 km b 1120 km c 3872 km d 256 km
1114 Check with your teacher.

Exercise 13B Maps and bearings

90

1 a

10T
85T

180

135

9 a

c
c

155T

120T

e
10 a

c
200T

240T
N

275T

11 C

N
350T

2 SE = 135 T
3 a A
b
4 a 70 T
b
e 140 T f
5 b 7.1 km c
6 a 044 T
b

Exercise 13D Networks and maps


E
290 T
200 T
278 T

c B
c 190 T
g 300 T

d B
d 120 T
h 70 T

1 a

B2

H
T

B3

Bath

B1

B2

L'dry

Rockhampton

Alice Springs

WIR

B3

44

Ens

Ens
B1

WIR
B1

Entry

Burketown Townsville
Dampier

F H1

B4

WIR

Derby

B3

Bath

H2 K

L'dry

Darwin

Liv

answers

683

Answers

B2
L'dry

Bath
WC

Geraldton
Eucla

K
B3

Coffs
Harbour

WC

WC

Up
Down

P
L'dry L
Hobart

B2

Balcony

Bath B1

Upfield
Broadmeadows

10 Quick Questions 1
1 1 : 1 000 000
2 10 m
3 2 cm
4 40 cm
5 8 cm represents 12 km. Wildon family will make it
to their destination with enough petrol for another
23 km.
6
N

St Albans
Flemington
Racecourse
North
Melbourne
Footscray

280T
W

Spencer
Street

Newport
E

Williamstown
Laverton

7 150 T

8 225 T

9 090 T

10 294 T

4 a

Exercise 13C Networks


1 a 2
2 a Yes
d Yes
g Yes
j No
3
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
i
j
k
l

b
b
e
h
k

3
Yes
Yes
No
Yes

No. of
vertices
5
2
2
2
3
4
2
4
6
4
9
16

Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
Traversable
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
No
No
No
Yes
Yes

B
A

C
C

A
B

D
C

PH
N

G
P
A
PH
N
G
P
A
E
PA
Ad
B
L
H

TC MI C
T
K
R
AS
Br
M C
PA Ad B L
H

Pt Hedland
Newman
Geraldton
Perth
Albany
Esperance
Pt Augusta
Adelaide
Burnie
Launceston
Hobart

M
C
S
Br
R
T
C
MI
TC
D
K

Melbourne
Canberra
Sydney
Brisbane
Rockhampton
Townsville
Cairns
Mt Isa
Tennant Ck
Darwin
Katherine

13A

4 Check with your teacher.


5 Cannot be done.

c
c
f
i
l
No. of
edges
7
4
2
6
4
6
5
7
10
6
15
28

13D

Answers

Maths Quest challenge (p. 538)

y
24
22
20
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0

1 One possible path is: A, C, A, B, C, D, E, F, D, K, F,


G, H, K, B, H, A.
2 216
3 694 days, 10 hours and 40 minutes

10 Quick Questions 2
1 You can trace a network without lifting your pen or
going over an edge twice.
2 Yes
3 No
4 4 vertices, 6 edges
5 Check with your teacher.
6 Check with your teacher.
7
8 6 vertices, 8 edges
A
C
D

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26

Maths Quest challenge (p. 546)


1 15 square units

2 20

10 16 vertices, 16 edges

1
3
5
7
9

distance, diagram
clockwise
traversable
axes, origin
point

2
4
6
8
10

J3
b C3
C5, C4, C3, D3, D4
Powell Drive
Silvereye Crescent
Rosella Avenue
B
b C
A
e E

1 a 1 : 300
b 1 : 200 000
2 a 10 m
b 80 cm
3 In the scale drawing, the length of the court should
be 9 cm and the width 4.5 cm.
4 a 90 km
b 648 km
c 216 km
5 a
b
N
N

c D
f A

5
(1, 4)
(0, 4) (3, 3)

4
3

(4, 3)

300T

150T

6 a 0 T
b 320 T
c 97 T
7 a 8 edges, 8 vertices, not traversable
b 11 edges, 8 vertices, traversable
8
B1
F/D
B2

Ens

1
0

B3

(0, 0) (2, 0)
1

5 x

5 A(6, 1) B(2, 5) C(7, 9) D(12, 10) E(10, 0) F(4 1--2- , 0)


G(0, 6) H(0, 0) I(7 1--2- , 5) J(10, 7 1--2- ) K(3 1--2- , 2 1--2- ) L( 1--2- , 9 1--2- )
6 a E, C
b B, D
7 In hospital; in wards six, seven, eight and nine
8 y
10

Bath

QLD
NT
WA

NSW
ACT
VIC

SA

TAS

10 (3, 1) (2, 3)(2, 1)(3, 1)(2, 2)(5, 1) (2, 3)(2, 1)(5, 0)


(0, 3)(5, 0)(0, 1)(3, 2)(0, 3)(5, 0) (3, 1) (1,0)(1,2)
11 y

2
2

angle
vertices, edges
direction, joined
vertical
across

Chapter review

Exercise 13E The Cartesian plane


1 a
c
2 a
b
c
3 a
d
4 y

Summary

Family Laundry B4
B3
Dining
Bath
Hall
WC
Kitchen
B2
Lounge
WIR
Garage Entry B1 Ens

answers

684

8 10 x

a Right-angled triangle b Isosceles triangle


c Trapezium
d Parallelogram

1
0

6 x

Chapter 14 Dealing with data


Exercise 14A Reading graphs
1 a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h

Telephone bills 19992000


Months
Bill total
Every three months (quarterly)
January 2000
Yes
$150
A graph like this is useful to monitor the
speeding pattern over time and to decide
whether there have been any unusual increases.
i It would not be normal, but there might be
reasons to explain why it was so much higher,
such as overseas phone calls.
j This phone costs about $50 per month.
2 a 356
b Bus
c Combination
d Combination
25
e i 25
ii -------iii 7%
356

b $1.52
c $1.62
d The price did not rise continually, but rose and
fell over time.
e A line graph is good to show changes over time,
because you can see by the connecting line
whether something is increasing or decreasing.
7 a January and February b July
c October
d February
e
i Autumn high rainfall, low temperatures
ii Winter low temperatures, low rainfall
iii Spring high rainfall, warm temperatures.
8 a There are two columns for each girl because each
girl ran on two occasions.
b Betty
c 1 April 70 m, 29 April 73 m
d Rachel
e Yes. Sarah remained the same. Samantha and
Paula sprinted at a slower pace.
f Yes, the graph could be misleading as the vertical
scale begins at 30 m and not at 0 m. If the
vertical scale was not read properly, it might
appear that the girls covered a greater distance in
a shorter period of time.
g The graphs vertical axis starts at 30 m because
no-one ran less than that distance and the teacher
wanted to use all the space to show small
differences in the distances.

Exercise 14B Data and frequency


tables
1 a
b
c
d

categorical
continuous
ordinal
discrete

2 a

Colour
Blue
Green
Red
Yellow

Tally

Frequency

|||| |||| ||
|||| ||
||||
|||| |||

12
7
4
8

Total
b

Fruit
||||
||||
||||
||||
||||
Mango
Pineapple | | | |
||||
Apple
Pear
Banana

Tally

31
Frequency

|||| |||| |
|
|||| |||| ||||

16
6
25

|||| ||||
|||| |||| ||||
|||

15
28

Total

90

3 a The list is messy; it is difficult to see how many


different sports there are and to gauge how many
people prefer a particular sport.

13E

f 22
3 a 45
b 42
c 61
d 5 and 11
For these weeks the sales decreased in comparison
to other weeks.
e Sometimes an unusual result may be caused by
seasonal effects, or unusual situations in the
particular survey or area.
f It does indicate an improvement, despite these
two low weeks, because there is an overall
upward trend throughout the time period.
4 a Location 2 Monash Freeway: Mulgrave
b 45%
c No
d The percentage has been graphed to give a better
comparison. Some roads may have less traffic
and therefore actual numbers of speeding cars do
not give a good comparison.
e Locations 1 and 2 are on a major freeway and the
cars are travelling faster there, without any
interruptions; so they may exceed the limit more
easily.
f No
g No
5 a White
b Orange c 12
d 10
e i A pie graph cant show 0 as a result therefore
the colour would not be mentioned.
ii Column
f 119
g The other cars may not have fitted into a category
previously chosen, or the inclusion of them under
their separate headings may have made too many
divisions in the graph.
6 a A line graph is different from a bar or column
graph because it has dots which are joined by
lines at the values instead of bars or columns.
The dots are directly above the time position on
the horizontal axis.

685

answers

Answers

14B

answers

686

Answers

b
Sport
Hockey
Cricket
Tennis
Netball
Swimming
Golf
Scuba diving
Lacrosse
Lawn bowls

||||
||||
||||
||||
||||
||||
|||
||||
||

Tally

Frequency

|||
|
||
||||
||

8
6
7
9
7
4
3
4
2
Total

50

Tally
|||| ||
|||| ||
|
||
|
||
||
|

Rabbit
Wallaby
Numbat
Wombat
Tiger snake
Emu
Kangaroo
Red-bellied black
snake

Total

Frequency

0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

Tally
|||
||||
||||
||||
||||
||||
||||
|||

7
7
1
2
1
2
2
1

3
5
7
6
9
5
6
3
0
1

Total
6

Number in
family
2
3
4
5
6
7

Tally

45

Frequency
1
2
3
3
1
2

|
||
|||
|||
|
||
Total

Tally

18

Frequency
2
6
4
1
5
6
2
1
1

||
|||| |
||||
|
||||
|||| |
||
|
|
Total

28

23

Frequency

||
|
||||

|
|||
|||
||
|
||
|
|

Height

Vowel
A

Number of
catches

3
1
0
1
3
3
2
1
2
1
1

|||
|

140144
145149
150154
155159
160164
165169
170174
175179
180184

9
5

Frequency

Total
8

Animal

Tally

100109
110119
120129
130139
140149
150159
160169
170179
180189
190199
200209

c i Netball
ii Lawn bowls
d Yes, tennis and swimming had a frequency of 7
and golf and lacrosse had a frequency of 4.
4

Value (thousand
dollars)

12

E
I
O
U

Tally
||||
||||
||||
||||
||||
||||
||||
||||
||||
||||

||||
||||
||||
||||
||||
||||
||||
||||
||||
||||

Frequency

||||
||||
||||
||||

||||
|||| |
||||
||||

41

||||
||||
||||
||||
||||

||||
|
||||
||||

36

50

39
15

Total
10 Type
1 Bedroom unit
2 Bedroom unit
2 Bedroom house
3 Bedroom house
4 Bedroom house

Tally

181

Frequency

|||
||||
|
|||| |
||

3
4
1
6
2
Total

16

A 3 bedroom house was the most popular.


11 C
12 A
13 B

r
Tr
am
Tr
ai
n
Bu
Bi s
cy
cl
e
Types of transport

4
5
10 9
1
15 4
1
20 9
2
4
25
+

Number

Distances run

6
65 4
6
70 9
7
75 4
7
80 9
8
4

60

eG
i
. C Ga rls
T h onf ttac
i
a
M e F den
y u l l tia
Be M l
W st o
ed F n t
d i rie y
n g nd

Co s
nt
ac
t

10 Mass (kg)

2
1
0
10
1
3
1
1
1

L.

120
100
80
60
40
20
0
Ta
yl
El o r
lio
Bl tt
e
M we
W tt
a
S ugh
W
a
Po ugh
nt
in
H g
ea
Re ly
iff
el

Total

Masses of men
10
8
6
4
2
0

Students absent 3.11.9914.11.99

6
60

April
November

8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0

bj

More students favoured art, English, German,


mathematics and science in November than in April.
Fewer students favoured drama, physical education
and social science in November compared with

14B

Fri
Thur
Wed
Tues
Mon
Fri
Thur
Wed
Tues
Mon
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
Number of students

Favourite subjects
Number of sutdents

Months

Mass (kg)

11

D rt
ra
En m a
g
G lish
er
m
a
M n
Ed Ph aths
uc ysi
at ca
i l
Sc o n
ie
nc
Sc Soc e
ie ia
nc l
e

Ja Temperature (C)
Fe nua
br ry
u
M ary
ar
A ch
pr
M il
a
Ju y
ne
Se AuJuly
pt gu
em st
N Oct ber
ov ob
D em e r
ec b
em e r
be
r

Mean daily maximum


temperatures, Cairns

65 4
6
70 9
7
75 4
7
80 9
8
85 4
8
90 9
9
95 4
10 99
0
10
4

Number

Batsmen

33
31
29
27
25

20

iss
K

Number

6064
6569
7074
7579
8084
8589
9094
9599
100104

Runs scored 7.11.97

40
30
20
10
0
Speeds

Movie titles

Speeds of cars
Number at
that speed

400
300
200
100
0

th

Number of
people

Movie attendance

Runs scored

100

16
12
8
4
0

20 40 60 80
Percentage of class

Distances run

og
Bu Ca
d
R giet
G Sabb
ui n i t
ne a k
a e
Ca pig
na
P ry
M ony
ou
se

Number in street

Types of pets in our street


16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0

Percentage immunised
for diseases
Tetanus
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis A
Rubella
Chicken Pox
Mumps
Measles
0

Method of transport
used to go to work
20
15
10
5
0

Ca

Number of people

Exercise 14C Column and bar


graphs

687

answers

Answers

14C

Answers

i
3 a
e
g

April. Physical education displayed the greatest


change in results, going from 8 students favouring
this subject in April to 2 students in November.
Attendance at events
1998
1999

4 a

O nigh
pe t
n
P/ Fa day
T ir
i n /fe
M t e r te
us v i
ic ew
co s
nc
er
fe D r a t
sti m
va a
l

pe

b
c
e
h
5 a

Events

Maths Quest challenge (p. 571)


2 800 km

10 Quick Questions 1
1
2
3
4

$3.20 in March
In February grapes cost $3.05.
The cost was recorded over 5 months.
Grapes cost the most in May when they were $4.35
per kilogram.
5 There were 47 green beanies.
6 There was the least number of blue beanies.
7 There were 157 beanies in the packet.
Cricket
Football
Tennis
Basketball
Hockey
None

Tally
||||
||||
||||
||||
||||
||||

||
|
||
||||
|
Total

Age
04
59
1014
1519
2024
2529
3034
3539
4044
4549
5054
5559
6064

Tally
|
|
|||
|||| ||||
||||
|||| |
||
||||
|||
||||
||
|||
||||
Total

Frequency
7
6
7
10
4
6

70 000
60 000
50 000
40 000
30 000
20 000
10 000
0

1 2 3 4 5 6
Time after infection (min)

40
Frequency
1
1
3
9
5
6
2
5
3
5
2
3
4
49

10 The 1519 age group

Exercise 14D Line graphs


1 a
e
g
h
2 a
c
e

b 0.25 m
c No
d The trees growth depends on many
environmental factors, such as water, sunlight,
fertiliser.
a
Growth of bacteria

0
b 60 mL c 6 s
d 10 mL
20 mL f 5 s
Yes, by 10 mL per second
i 7s
ii 8 s
16 km b 2 hours
1 unit = 2 km
d 1 unit = 0.5 hour
6 km
f No
g 4 km
h 6 km

b 1000
a

c 1 minute

d 7 minutes

Attendance at venue

25 000
20 000
15 000
10 000
5000
0
10
a
11 m
a
12 m
p
1 m
pm
2
pm
3
pm
4
pm
5
pm
6
pm
7
pm

Sport

3.00
2.50
2.00
1.50
1.00
0.50
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1011
Years since planted

Number of bacteria

Height of tree

3 10
Height (m)

1 10 min

Number of people

500
400
300
200
100
0

1 hour j Sussan ran fastest in the first half hour.


2
b 8
c 25
d 1 hour
2.5 hours f No
The conditions under which the farmer was
working may have varied. The furrow lengths
may have been different.
There are 6 values because to show 5 years
growth, we have to show the start and then the 5
years are the intervals to the sixth value.
Timmy was 145 cm tall.
1 unit = 10 cm
d 1 unit = 1 year
5 cm
f 23 cm
g 2 years
There are natural variations in growth.

Time

b 2 pm
c Between 1 pm and 2 pm
d 24 200 people e $363 000
a
Runs scored in first 10 overs

Runs

Number attended

12

answers

688

45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Overs

b 4
c 42
d No, it would not be reasonable, as there can be
many variations between overs, as shown in the
first 10 overs. The score after 10 overs is not
exactly 10 times the score after 1 over.

Maths Quest challenge (p. 580)

Breakfast cereals
Frosted Circle
Crisps (6)
Corn Flakes (18)
Super Sugary
Cereal (24)
Oats (9)
Muesli (6) Rice Crunches (9)

1 $32.25. Pedro sold 19 eggs at 15c each and 147 eggs


at 20c each. Eric bought 21 eggs, Angela bought 42
eggs and Janice bought 84 eggs. There were originally
166 eggs.
2 1251.43 L

Exercise 14E Pie graphs


1 a
e
i
m
2 a

180
90
15
43.2
1
--- , 25%
4

b
f
j
n

120
c 36
60
g 40
6
k 36
331.2 o 216
b 1--8- , 12 1--2- %
c

d 30
h 45
l 61.2
1
--6

1
-----12

, 8 1--3- %

1
-----18

, 5 5--9- %

1
-----36

1
-----24

, 4 1--6- %

1
-----10

, 10%

1
--5

1
-----15

1
-----30

3 1--3-

1
-----40

1
--2

1
--3

1
-----20

, 5%

, 50%

, 20%
,

2 1--2-

10

Beef

45

Pork

Chicken

15

Turkey

10

Rabbit

Total
b

1
--9
1
--2
1
-----18
1
--6
1
--9
1
-----18

90

12

Terracotta tiles

Galvanised iron

Colourbond

Slate

Shingles

, 33 --13- %

4
Total

36

Angle
size
()

1
--3
1
--4
1
--6
1
-----12
1
-----18
1
--9

120

360

90
60
30
20
40

Roofing materials
Shingles (4)
Slate (2)
Concrete
Colourbond (3)
tiles (12)
Galvanised
iron (6)
Terracotta
tiles (9)

9
Number
of people Fraction

Favourite song

Angle
size
()

Waltzing
Matilda

30

1
--4

90

40

Amazing Grace

40

Praise my Soul

20

20

Yesterday

15

60

Yellow Submarine

10

40

Click Go the
Shears

1
--3
1
--6
1
--8
1
-----12
1
-----24

120

180

360

Percentage
of total

Angle
size ()

20

Number
of houses Fraction

Concrete tiles

, 2 7--9- %

3 a 50%
b 35%
c 15%
d 100%
e i 180 ii 126
iii 54
f i 180 ii 126
iii 54
Both results compare well; however, the calculations
are quicker and more accurate.
4 a 45
b 6
c 12
d 2--5e 144
f German shepherd
5 a Ian
b 17%
c No, this pie graph gives percentages only, not
actual values or numbers of people who voted.
d 78.48
6 a Type of
Amount
Angle
meat
sold (kg) Fraction
size ()
Lamb

Roofing
material

, 16 2--3- %

6 2--3-

answers

689

Answers

5
Total

360

120

60
45
30
15

Type of meat sold


Song favourites
Yellow Click Go the
Submarine (10) Shears (5)
Yesterday (15)
Waltzing
Matilda (30)
Praise My
Soul (20)
Amazing
Grace (40)

Rabbit (5) Lamb (10)


Turkey (10)
Chicken (15)
Pork (5)

7
Type of cereal
Corn Flakes

Beef (45)

Number
Angle
who like it Fraction size ()
18

Oats

Rice Crunches

Muesli

Super Sugary
Cereal
Frosted Circle
Crisps

90
45
45
30
120

1
-----12

30

72

360

10
Hobby
Stamp collecting

20

72

Photography

15

54

Sailboarding

20

72

Skateboarding

30

108

Model making
Total

15

54

100

360

14D

Total

24

1
--4
1
--8
1
--8
1
-----12
1
--3

14E

Answers

Hobbies
Stamp
collecting (20)

Model making (15)

Photography (15)
Skateboarding (30)
Sailboarding (20)

11 a

Percentage of
total

Sport

20

72

Hockey

25

90

Netball

40

144

Soccer

10

36

Tennis

18

100

360

Total
b

Angle
size ()

Cricket

Sports
Tennis (5)
Cricket (20)
Soccer (10)
Hockey (25)
Netball (40)

10 Quick Questions 2
1

Food

Tally

Frequency

Pasta

10

Pizza

13

Chicken

Hamburgers

14

Fish and chips

Total
2

50

Frequent flyer points earned

00
1.
1.

.9
12
1.

.9

.9

11
1.

99

10
1.

8.

9.
1.

99

Points

12 000
10 000
8000
6000
4000
2000
0
1.

answers

690

Dates

3 5000
4 800
5 Yes
6 Between 1.10.99 and 1.11.99
The traveller earned no points in that month.
7 There are 40 flowers included in the group.
100
------ --------- = 50%. 50% of the group flower in spring.
8 20
40
1
9

12
-----40

360 = 108. Angle of 108 is needed to

represent summer flowering plants.


10 Angle measured with protractor should be
approximately 108.

Exercise 14F Summary statistics


1 a 5
e 4
i 15

b 6
f 3
j 13

c 4
g 12

d 6
h 14

2 a 5
b 7
c 3
d 3
e 5
f 6
g 4
h 4
i 6
j 5
3 B
4 a 8
b 3
c 4
d 2
e 3
f 4
g 5
h 2
i 5
j 3
5 B
6 a 3
b 4
c 5
d 2
e 3
f 3
g 4
h 6
i 9
j 4
7 a 3.5
b 2.2
c 2.83
d 3.2
e 2
f 3.44
g 6.83
h 4.17
i 3.33
j 2.5
8 D
9 a 5
b 3
c 6
d 3
e 7
f 11
g 4
h 2
i 2.5
j 1.5
10 a 2
b 2
c 5
d 7
e 2.5
f 5
g 6
h 7.5
i 5.5
j 7.5
11 a 4
b 8
c 2
d 4
e 2
f 3
g 10
h 4
i 9
j 3
12 a 0
b 4
c 6.2
d 14
e 1.5
f 3.5
g 100 and 102
h 45
i 11.2
j 15
13
D
14 a 32
b 24.1
15 C
16 85%
17 104 shoes
18 47 students 19 38
20 a Toms 75.0 Sarahs 72.8
b Sarahs sells cheaper petrol.
c Tom may have seen the price on a very expensive
day. Theres a greater range of values at Sarahs
petrol station.
21 89.5%
22 72
23 a Mode = 12
b The mode shows which size to order more of.
The mean and median would not show the more
common sizes and would give only an indication
of the middle of the range.
24 a 1.75 m
b 221 m
c Based on her past performances and her past
range of values, she cannot jump this high.
25 a 101.9
b Both the mode (115) and median (112) give a
better impression of how the team has performed,
even though they could give a misleading
impression of the teams performance.

Summary
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

title, labelled, scaled


frequency, result
distribution table, category, tally
evenly, columns, equal
horizontal bars
line, points, straight
change, period
pie, sector, vertical, axes
multiply
360

11
12
13
14

range
mean
median, order
common, mode

Outdoor education
Consumer studies
Business enterprises
First aid and fitness
Beginner's photography
China in focus
Modern history
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
Number enrolled

Chapter review

Country of origin
New Zealand
Bosnia
China
Hong Kong
Philippines
United Kingdom
Vietnam
Iraq
India

Tally

Total
4

Number of goals

Tally
||
|||
||||
||||
||||
||||
||||
||

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

Frequency
6
1
5
2
2
5
1
1
1

|||| |
|
||||
||
||
||||
|
|
|

||||
|||| ||
|
|
Total

7 a mm3
b Minutes
d 11 minutes
e 3 minutes
8 a
Child's height
Height (cm)

1 a Science marks
b Percentage
c Names
d 1 unit = 10%
e The legend explains what the columns show; that
is, that the students marks are shown and that
they are percentages.
f John
g Peter
h 59%
i 89%
2 a Days of week
b Air quality rating
c Geelong region
d Wednesday
e Eastern region

Frequency

3
4
5
Age (years)

Number
Type of animal on farm

1
-----24

15

25

5
-----24

75

Duck

15

1
--8

45

Dog

1
-----24

15

Cat

10

1
-----12

30

40

1
--3

120

20

1
--6

60

120

360

Cow

Pig

Ja Number of flies (thousands)


Fe nua
br ry
u
M ary
ar
A ch
pr
M il
a
Ju y
ne
J
S e A u uly
pt gu
em st
N Oct ber
ov ob
D em e r
ec b
em e r
be
r

Sheep
Total
b

Angle
size
()
Fraction

Horse

30
25
20
15
10
5
0

Months

10 a

44

Farm population
Sheep (20) Horse (5)
Cow (25)
Duck (15)
Pig (40)
Dog (5)
Cat (10)

11

Subject selections
Outdoor education (16) Modern history (15)
Consumer
China in focus (12)
studies (12)
Beginners'
Business
photography (16)
enterprises (15)
First aid
and fitness (18)

14E

12
b 18
First aid and fitness
China in focus, Consumer studies
Beginners photography, First aid and fitness,
Outdoor education

Horizontal as it represents time


Vertical
Pie graph
b Spouse lives here
They were probably too small to show on the
graph as separate sectors.
d 14.76
e A value of zero cannot be shown on a pie graph
because it would have to take up zero space
which is not possible even a single line must
take up space and therefore represent a
percentage of the total.

5 a Months
b Number of flies
c 10 000
d 28 000
e 1 cm = 5 thousand flies (if beginning from
0 flies) or 1 cm = 2 thousand flies (if beginning
from 10 000 flies).
f
Fly population

6 a
c
d
e

12 0
10 0
80
60
40
20
0

c 1000 mm3
f 700 mm3

b
c
9 a
c

24

2
3
4
9
12
6
6
2

Enrolments for semester 1

answers

691

Answers

14F

answers

692

Answers

12
Number
of people Fraction
Occupation
1
-----Bank clerk
10
10
1
-----Dentist
5
20
3
-----Doctor
15
20
1
-----Engineer
5
20
1
--Manager
20
5
1
-----Real estate agent
10
10
1
--Secretary
20
5
1
-----Solicitor
5
20
1
-----Teacher
10
10
Total
100
1

Angle
size
()
36
18
54
18
72
36
72
18
36
360

Occupations
Teacher (10) Bank clerk (10)
Dentist (5)
Solicitor (5)
Doctor (15)
Secretary (20)
Engineer (5)
Real estate Manager (20)
agent (10)

13 a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
i
j
14 a
e
i
j

i 3.14
ii 4
iii 3
i 3.71
ii 4
iii 4
i 4.71
ii 6
iii 5
i 4.86
ii 5
iii 5
i 2.14
ii 1
iii 1
i 5.2
ii 5
iii 5
i 4.4
ii 5
iii 5
i 4.14
ii 2
iii 4
i 5.43
ii 5
iii 5
i 5.78
ii 8
iii 6
81.56
b 74.22
c Test 1
d 6
4
f 85
g 63
h 85
68
John 89.5, Peter 74, Mark 76.5, James 74.5,
David 85.5, Rachel 73.5, Mary 81, Eve 78.5,
Esther 68.
k 21.5
15 a 41 cm
b 154.8 cm c 156 cm
d 156 cm
e Yes
f There are quite a lot of values which are very
similar, so the mean, median and mode are fairly
close.

6 a

1
--2

Exercise 15A The language of


chance
1 a Definite
b Likely
c Impossible
d Impossible
e Definite
f Likely
g Unlikely
h Unlikely
i Impossible
j Even chance k Definite
l Definite
m Impossible
n Even chance o Likely
2 D, C, A, B
3 Class discussion or check with your teacher.
4 A
5 A

1
--5

(or 0.2)

1
--4

(or 0.25)

b 0

1
--2

(or 0.5)

1
--2

4
--5

(or 0.8)

h 1

0.30.7 Any value within this range is reasonable.


Discuss.
1
b 0.75
c 0.25
0.75
e 0.25
f 1
0
h 0.25
i 1
0.25
k 0
l 0.75
0.5
n 0.5

7 a
d
g
j
m

(or 0.5)

Exercise 15B Simple probability


1 a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
i
j
2 a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
i
j
3 a
b

Chapter 15 Chance

(or 0.5)

12: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12


5: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
2: C, L
3: red, blue, black
5: black, blue, green, red, yellow
3: 2, 4, 6
2: 4, 6
10: 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19
3: a, e, i
4: ace of spades, ace of clubs, ace of diamonds,
ace of hearts
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. All equally likely.
Heads, tails. Each is equally likely.
White, black. Each is equally likely.
White, blue, red. It is more likely you will get
white rather than red or blue, because it takes up
a bigger area.
1, 2, 3, 4, 5. It is more likely that a five will be
rolled because it appears twice on the die.
Blue, green, red. Each is equally likely.
2, 4, 6, 8, 10. It is more likely that an odd number
will be obtained as there are 6 odd numbers and
5 even numbers.
a, e, i. It is more likely that a consonant would be
obtained as there are 7 consonants and 4 vowels.
4 incorrect answers. It is more likely that an
incorrect answer would be obtained as there are 4
incorrect answers and 1 correct answer.
26 cards 13 hearts and 13 diamonds. Equally
likely
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10
7
1
i ----ii 3--5iii 2--5iv ----10
10

3
v ----10
4 a 20
3
b i ----10

vi 0
ii

1
--5
1
--2

vii

3
-----10

viii

1
--5

iii

7
-----20
1
--2

iv

3
-----20
13
-----20

c 10
d
e
f
g 1
h When the probability of a particular result is
certain, (in this case, that the marble must be
either blue, red, green or black), it equals 1.
5 2--51
1
1
6 a -----------------b ----------c ----------d 1
2000
5000
100 000
e It would not be a very wise purchase because the
total cost would be $200 000 unless of course the
car was worth more than $200 000.
7 D
8 E

9 a
e

1
--2
1
-----52
3
--4

b
f

1
-----13
3
--4
1
-----26

c
g

1
--4
12
-----13

3
-----13

2 a

i
j
10 She will most probably land in the outer region, that
is, Region A.
------
Pr(lands in Region A) = 5--9- = 20
36
Pr(lands in Region B) =
Pr(lands in Region C) =

1
--3
1
--9

1 SC 378
CS 378
SC 387
CS 387
SC 738
CS 738
SC 783
CS 783
SC 837
CS 837
SC 873
CS 873
2 12 different ways:
20, 20, 10; 20, 20, 5, 5; 20, 10, 10, 10;
20, 10, 10, 5, 5; 20, 10, 5, 5, 5, 5; 20, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5;
10, 10, 10, 10, 10; 10, 10, 10, 10, 5, 5;
10, 10, 10, 5, 5, 5, 5; 10, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5;
5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5
3 a 6 socks. Worst case scenario is first picking 4 blue
socks, then 2 black socks.
b 7 socks. Worst case scenario is first picking 5 black
socks then 2 blue socks.
c 7 socks. Minimum needed to guarantee a pair of
black socks is 6 (from part a). Picking one more
guarantees a pair of blue socks will be included
(from part b).

A1

B1

C1

A2

B2

C2

A3

B3

C3

A4

B4

C4

A5

B5

C5

A6

B6

C6

Die

= 12
------
36
4
= ---- 36

Maths Quest challenge (p. 616)

{(A, 1), (A, 2), (A, 3), (A, 4), (A, 5), (A, 6),
(B, 1), (B, 2), (B, 3), (B, 4), (B, 5), (B, 6), (C, 1),
(C, 2), (C, 3), (C, 4), (C, 5), (C, 6)}
b 18
c i 1--3ii 1--6iii 2--3iv 1--3v

1
--2

vi

ix

1
--9

1
--6

x 0

vii 1

viii

3 a

5
--6

Coin 1
Head

Tail

Head

HH

TH

Tail

HT

TT

Coin 2
b 4
f 1--4-

c 1
g 1--4-

d 1
h 1--2-

4 a

5c Coin

10 Quick Questions 1
1 Unlikely
0.13
Highly likely 0.89
Impossible
0
Certain
1
Fair chance
0.5
2 Red, white; both equally likely
3 Boy, girl; girl is more likely
4 2, 3, 4; 4 is more likely
5 Green, red, black, pink, orange
1
6 ----7 --178 --479
14

answers

693

Answers

Head

Tail

HH

TH

Head
10c Coin
Tail
b 4

1
--4

HT
d

1
--4

5 a

1
--2

1
--4

Coin
Head

Tail

H1

T1

H2

T2

H3

T3

H4

T4

H5

T5

H6

T6

H7

T7

H8

T8

H9

T9

10

H 10

T 10

10 0

Exercise 15C Using tables to show


sample spaces
Die

b 20

1
-----20

1
--4

1
--2

15A

1 a {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
b {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10}
c {fruit salad, cheesecake, mudcake, cheese
platter}
d {5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50}
e {Victoria, New South Wales, Queensland,
Northern Territory, South Australia, Tasmania,
Western Australia}
f {true, false}
g {king of hearts, king of diamonds, king of
spades, king of clubs}
h {guitar, drum, saxophone, piano, trumpet}

TT
1
--4

15C

answers

694
f

3
-----20

1
--4

Answers

1
--5

1
--2

Exercise 15D Experimenting with


chance

3
--5

1 a

6 a

Red die
1
2
3
4
5
6
1 11 21 31 41 51 61
2 12 22 32 42 52 62
3 13 23 33 43 53 63
Blue die
4 14 24 34 44 54 64
5 15 25 35 45 55 65
6 16 26 36 46 56 66
Note: Your table may list the blue die along the top
and therefore it would be listed first.
1
1
-----b 36
c ----d ----e 11
36
36
36
f

1
--4

1
--4

j 0
7 a

1
--4

5
-----36

k 0
Marble colour

Coin

Red

Blue

Green

Head

RH

BH

GH

Tail

RT

BT

1
--6

1
--2

GT

1
--3

1
--3

The probability of picking out a red, blue or


green marble and getting a head = 1--2- , which is

1
--6

the same as the result you get if you were just to


toss a coin. This is because you must get one of
these colour marbles, so the only choice in the
experiment here is whether you get a tail or a
head, so Pr(Head) = 1--2- .
8 C
9 D
10 Note: You may have chosen the opposite number for
rows and columns. This is also correct.
a i 31 rows, 2 columns ii 62
b i 2 rows, 3 columns ii 6
c i 72 rows, 6 columns ii 432
d i 10 rows, 6 columns ii 60
e i 30 rows, 6 columns ii 180
f i 100 rows, 2 columns ii 200

10 Quick Questions 2
1 Improbable
4

2 Highly likely

3 Equal chance
Die

blue

1 blue 2 blue 3 blue 4 blue 5 blue 6 blue

green

1 green 2 green 3 green 4 green 5 green 6 green

black

1 black 2 black 3 black 4 black 5 black 6 black

white

1 white 2 white 3 white 4 white 5 white 6 white

Marble

5 24
8

1
-----24

6 6

1
--8

10

1
-----24
1
--4

1
2
3
4
5
6

Heads
Tally
||||
|
|||| |
|||| |||
||||
|||| ||
Total

Tails

Count
4
1
6
8
4
7
30

Tally

Count
6
9
4
2
6
3

|||| |
|||| ||||
||||
||
|||| |
|||
Total

30

Note: This is only one possible solution. Answers


will differ each time.
b 2--5- (40%) c 3--5- (60%)
d The theoretical value for both results is 1--2- (50%).
They differ by 10 %.
e Refer to table.
f The combined result equals the theoretical value.
2 Values will differ for each group. As you complete
more trials, you will probably notice the values you
get experimentally are closer to those you would
expect from theoretical probability ( 1--2- or 50%). If
this is not occurring, though, you will probably need
more trials.
3 a 1--5-

b 6

1
--6

Exp.
No.

b and c Values will differ for each group.


d Your spinner may not be evenly balanced and
this may lead to an increased likelihood of
getting one result or another.
eg Values will differ for each group.
4 4
5 Divide the spinner into 10 sections; 3 of these
sections will be shaded in 1 colour and 7 sections
will be shaded in another colour.
6 --387 See worked example 8.
Note: These values will differ each time the
experiment is performed.
Spreadsheets could also be used.
8 a Each die would need to be thrown about 120
times to get some impression of whether it is
biased or not. The same person will need to roll
the die each time in the same manner and onto
the same surface.
b Number on
die
Black
White
19
20
1
21
19
2
20
20
3
20
21
4
20
19
5
20
21
6
Total
120
120
Note: These values will differ each time the
experiment is conducted.

695

Answers

20
--------120
19
--------120
20
--------120
21
--------120
19
--------120
21
--------120

2
3
4
5
6

=
=

1
--6

1
--6
7
-----40

7
-----40

Total 1

19
--------120
21
--------120
20
--------120
20
--------120
20
--------120
20
--------120

=
=
=
=
=

7
-----40
1
--6
1
--6
1
--6
1
--6

The long-term trend suggests that the probability


of obtaining each value on either dice will be 1--6- .
d The 2 dice appear to be fair as each value occurred
approximately 20 times, which is what we would
expect in 120 throws. More trials however could
be conducted. It is very important when
conducting an experiment such as this that the
devices used are even in shape and size and that
one doesnt have an advantage over the other.
9 a 1--2b 1--2c Tossing a coin
d Answers will vary each time the experiment is
conducted.
e You would need to toss the coin 5 times to
represent one lot of 5 baby gorillas. You would
need about 100 lots of 5 baby gorillas, and then
you could comment on the long-term trend for
the probability of getting more males than
females in each lot of 5.
10 E
11 a Answers will vary for each packet.
b Check with your teacher.
c Smarties must be replaced each time they are
removed, otherwise the chance of taking out 1 of
a certain colour would be changed.
d You could use a spinner with sections coloured to
give the same probability for each colour as you
would get for removing the Smarties from the
box. (This is only one possible answer.)

5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13

result
favourable, outcomes
number, possible
sample, space, experiment, brackets
two, way, logical
ordered, pair
long, term, trend, experimental, theoretical
coins, dice, cards, imitate
simulation, predict, complex

Chapter review
1 a Definite
b Unlikely
d Impossible
e Likely
2 Discuss in class.
3

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

4 a
b
c
d
e

{head, tail}
{red marble, green marble, blue marble}
{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10}
{4 of clubs, 4 of diamonds, 4 of hearts, 4 of
spades}
f {true, false} or {correct, incorrect}
g {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}
h {Year 7, Year 8, Year 9, Year 10, Year 11,
Year 12}
5 a 1--6b 1--3c 1--3d 2--3e

2
--3

1
--3

g 0

6 a

1
--4

1
--4

3
-----13

Head

Tail

H1

T1

H2

T2

H3

T3

H4

T4

H5

T5

H6

T6

1
--6

1
--4

1
--4

1
--4

Spinner
1

10

11

21

31

41

51

61

71

81

9 1 10 1

12

22

32

42

52

62

72

82

9 2 10 2

13

23

33

43

53

63

73

83

9 3 10 3

14

24

34

44

54

64

74

84

9 4 10 4

Die
5

15

25

35

45

55

65

75

85

9 5 10 5

16

26

36

46

56

66

76

86

9 6 10 6

15C

chance, likely, happen


probability, event
includes, 0, certain
scale, numerical

3
-----13

Die

Summary
1
2
3
4

Note: Do not count aces as a number.


Coin

Exercise 15E Fair games


1 a Samira: {2, 4, 6}, Liana: {4, 5, 6}, game is fair.
b Samira: {1, 3, 5}, Liana: {1, 2}, game is not fair.
2 a No
b Yes
c Yes
d No
e No
f Yes
g Yes
h No
i Yes
j No
3 D
4 Results will vary for each student. Check with your
teacher.
5 Results will vary for each student. Check with your
teacher.

c Even chance
f Impossible

Probable
Very good chance
Highly likely
Certain

Probability of Probability of
black
white

Even chance

Number on
die

Impossible
Almost impossible
Improbable
Possible

answers

MQ 7 Answers Page 695 Wednesday, June 13, 2001 9:31 AM

15E

answers

696

Answers

1
--2

1
--4

3
-----20

23
-----60

4
-----15

1
--5

9 Theoretical probability is the expected chance of a


certain outcome, knowing the number of favourable
outcomes out of the total possible number of
outcomes. Experimental probability is the
probability of a particular result obtained from a
physical trial of the experiment.
10 a --12Since both opponents have not played chess
before and are given the same instructions on the
rules of the game, it is safe to say they will be
evenly matched. Neither has an advantage over
the other.
b

1
--4

c No, the probabilities are not the same; they have


changed because James has practised and
developed skills while his father has not.

11 Danielle will need to obtain a fair die with 6 sides to


represent each card. She will need to roll the die in
the same manner and on the same surface each
time. Danielle must continue to roll the die until
each number 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 has appeared. This will
represent one experiment. She will need to repeat
this process at least 20 times until she can obtain the
average number of cereal packets she must purchase
in order to obtain each of the cards.
Danielle may also use a circular spinner with 6
equal sectors or 6 tennis balls labelled 1 to 6 in a
box and follow the same procedure outlined above.
12 a Nadia: {1, 2}, Alex: {3, 4, 5, 6}, game is not fair.
b Cassandra: {1, 2, 3}, Jessica: {4, 5, 6}, game is
fair.
c John: {3, 6}, Jennifer: {1, 2, 4, 5}, game is not
fair.
d Paola: {2, 4, 6}, Serge: {1, 3, 5}, game is fair.

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