Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
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SERIES OF 2016
COMMITTEE OF REFERENCE:
Safety, Housing, Education and
Homelessness
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A BILL
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WHEREAS, the Colorado Supreme Court has recognized that both the State of Colorado
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and municipal governments have a significant interest in maintaining the quality and quantity of
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WHEREAS, the City and County of Denver has partnered with both the state and the
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federal government since at least the Great Depression to improve the quality and quantity of
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affordable housing for persons of low and moderate income, including the provision of transitional
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housing for persons experiencing homelessness, through a wide range of housing assistance
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WHEREAS, Colorado statutes require all counties and municipalities to include within their
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comprehensive plans provisions which will promote affordable housing, and Denver has done so
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by including within its Comprehensive Plan 2000 numerous goals and policies designed to expand
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WHEREAS, along with the federal and state governments, Denver has long maintained tax
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and spending policies that help residents at the lowest income levels to afford and retain their
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homes, including the citys property tax refunds for low-income seniors and disabled persons,
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growth and a market environment in which the supply of housing within the city has not kept pace
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with demand, particularly for households with low and moderate incomes; and
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construction of more expensive units, both in the for-sale and rental markets; and
WHEREAS, as a result of the foregoing trends, housing prices in Denver have been
increasing in recent years at twice the national average; and
WHEREAS, the federal sources of funds upon which Denver has traditionally relied to
support the citys affordable housing programs have declined by a third in recent years and are
WHEREAS, the city estimates that up to 4,500 dwelling units currently located in the city
could lose affordability protections in the next 5 years, such as rental units that currently accept
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WHEREAS, the city estimates that, among households in Denver earning 80% or less of
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the area median income for the Denver metropolitan area, as many as 87,000 such households
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are housing cost burdened in the sense of being required to pay in excess of 30% of their
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WHEREAS, the general lack of affordable housing for households of low and moderate
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income, along with the large number of existing households that are housing cost burdened
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cause many adverse social and economic impacts within the city, particularly impacts associated
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with the fact that persons who are employed in Denver are increasingly unable to afford to live in
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WHEREAS, the City and County of Denver, like cities throughout Colorado and the United
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States, has long treated the promotion and provision of affordable housing for persons of low and
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moderate incomes as an important and essential public service, and as a part of the citys
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fundamental mission to promote the public health, safety and general welfare; and
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affordable housing programs, as well as the recent population and market trends described in
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these recitals, the City Council deems it essential for the city to now adopt new forms of dedicated
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WHEREAS, for the reasons set forth in Section 20-151 of this ordinance, the City Council
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has determined that there is a direct nexus between new construction in the city, generation of
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new employment, and increased demand for housing affordable to low and moderate income
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households, justifying a linkage fee on new construction to support the citys affordable housing
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programs; and
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WHEREAS, Colorado state statutes, particularly 29-20-104 (1)(g), enable all municipalities
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and counties to regulate the use of land on the basis of the impact thereof on the community, and
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Denver is further empowered under its own plenary home rule authority to assess a linkage fee to
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mitigate the impacts of new construction on the supply of affordable housing within the city; and
WHEREAS, referred measure 2A approved by Denver voters in 2012 granted the city the
authority to exceed the annual property tax revenue limitations set forth in Article X, Section 20
(7)(c) of the Colorado Constitution (TABOR), and to determine on a year-to-year basis how to
WHEREAS, the Mayor and the City Council have determined to allocate, beginning for
2017 property taxes to be collected in 2018 and continuing in future years, a portion of the citys
lawful property tax revenue capacity for affordable housing programs in accordance with the
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WHEREAS, the Mayor and the City Council expressly intend that a portion of dedicated tax
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revenue for affordable housing shall be devoted to developing more permanent assistive housing
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for residents of the city who are currently homeless and in the most desperate need of support and
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Section 1. That Chapter 27 of the Denver Revised Municipal Code shall be amended by
the addition of a new Article V, to read as follows:
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consist of the Affordable Housing Linkage Fee Revenue Fund created for the
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exclusive purpose of receiving and accounting for all revenues derived from the
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affordable housing linkage fees provided in Division 2 of this Article V; and the
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Affordable Housing Property Tax Revenue Fund created for the purpose of receiving
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and accounting for revenues derived from the portion of the citys property taxes
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Revenue Fund. Revenue received in the Affordable Housing Linkage Fee Revenue
(1) To increase the supply of affordable rental housing, including the funding
(2) To increase the supply of for-sale housing for qualified households earning
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employment.
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Revenue Fund. Revenue received in the Affordable Housing Property Tax Revenue
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(1)
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(2)
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AMI.
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(3)
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or less of AMI.
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supportive services under this paragraph (4) exceed ten percent (10%)
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(d)
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permanent funds may be expended to pay the costs incurred by the city
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no event shall the amount expended from the funds for such administrative
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expenses in any year exceed eight percent (8%) of the amount of revenue
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(e)
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(f)
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advisory committee as provided in Part C of this Article VII. The executive director
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may promulgate rules and regulations consistent with this Article V governing the
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procedures and requirements for expenditures from the funds. Expenditures from
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the funds shall be made in accordance with the adopted 3-5 year strategic plan for
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the funds, as provided in Sec. 27-164(a) and the comprehensive affordable housing
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(g)
Definition of AMI. As used in this section, the term AMI means the area
median income, adjusted for household size, for the Denver metropolitan area as
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(h)
public hearing to gather input for the review, and report the findings and any
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opportunities for households with low or moderate incomes. In recent years, Denver
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has ranked at or near the top of national reports of U.S. cities in terms of inflation in
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housing costs. The declining availability of low and moderately priced housing in
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of life, or forces them to seek housing opportunities outside the city. The
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extraordinary housing cost increases in Denver are driven, in part, by the pace of
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population and job growth in the city, resulting in a situation where demand for
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housing has far outpaced supply, especially for persons who may find jobs in
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Denvers growing economy but are employed at low or moderate income levels.
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The city council has determined that it is in the public interest to address the
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severe social and economic impacts to the city and its citizens caused by the
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increasing gap between supply and demand for housing by funding programs
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designed to preserve and increase the supply of affordable housing available to low
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and moderate income households. The city council specifically finds that it is
appropriate to fund a portion of the costs of such programs from a linkage fee on
(a)
with the generation of new jobs at various income levels, with the number of jobs
associated with any particular development being correlated with the type and size of
the development.
(b)
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under current market conditions unless efforts are taken by the city to increase
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(c)
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residential development is directly related to the income and spending capacity of the
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household occupying the residence and that the size of the residence, as measured
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in gross square footage, correlates with the income and spending capacity of the
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residents, thus causing a larger residence to drive more job growth and more
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(d)
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nexus between both non-residential and residential development, job growth, and
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demand for new housing that is affordable to households with low or moderate
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incomes.
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(e)
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development. The city council has determined that the fees set forth herein fall far
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below the amount of revenue that would actually be necessary to meet the demand
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for new affordable housing driven by the job growth that is associated with new
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development, and thus these fees do not exceed the applicable standards that
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(f)
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provided herein must be used, not to address the existing gap between supply and
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demand for affordable housing in the city, but instead to mitigate future increases in
The city council also specifically finds that job growth associated with new
For the foregoing reasons, the city council has determined there is a direct
The city council further acknowledges that the revenue derived from the fees
the gap caused by new construction which will lead to new employment opportunities
in the city, and the increased demand for affordable housing associated with such
employment.
(g)
forth herein at a level much lower than those imposed by other cities, in an effort to
ensure that the fees do not impair the feasibility of any development project in the
city.
(h)
Nexus Study prepared for the City and County of Denver by David Paul Rosen &
The city council has determined to set the affordable housing linkage fees set
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Associates and dated September 8, 2016, the contents of which are expressly
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(i)
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impose nearly the range or amount of development impact fees as are imposed by
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virtually every other municipality throughout the Denver metropolitan area, the fees
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set forth herein will not place the city at a competitive disadvantage in relation to
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economic development.
The city council has further determined that, since the Denver does not
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following meanings:
a.
Dwelling, single unit; dwelling, two-unit; and dwelling, multi-unit shall have the
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same meaning as these terms are used in Article XI of the Denver Zoning
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Code.
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b.
Gross floor area shall have the same meaning as the term is defined in Article
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XIII of the Denver Zoning Code, excluding garages and any other structures or
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c.
Primary agricultural uses shall have the same meaning as the term is used in
Article XI of the Denver Zoning Code.
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d.
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e.
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Primary industrial, manufacturing and wholesale uses shall have the same
meaning as the term is used in Article XI of the Denver Zoning Code.
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Primary commercial sales, services and repair uses shall have the same
meaning as the term is used in Article XI of the Denver Zoning Code.
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Primary civic, public and institutional uses shall have the same meaning as
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Primary residential use shall have the same meaning as the term is defined in
Article XI of the Denver Zoning Code, and shall be deemed to include any and
all primary residential uses and all uses accessory to a primary residential
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uses, except accessory dwelling units, as set forth in Article XI of the Denver
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Zoning Code
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h.
Structure shall have the same meaning as the term is defined in Article XIII of
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the Denver Zoning Code, but shall not include any partially enclosed or open
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section 27-154, an affordable housing linkage fee shall be imposed prior to the
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issuance of a building permit for any new structure or for any addition to an existing
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structure that increases the gross floor area of the existing structure, according to the
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(1)
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(2)
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(3)
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and repair uses, or any primary civic, public, or institutional uses: $1.70
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proposed to be constructed and used for any combination of the uses set forth
in subsection (a) of this section, the required linkage fee shall be determined
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exceptions to applicability of the fee as set forth in section 27-154 (a) or (b), the
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required linkage fee shall be applied only to the gross floor area of construction
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that is physically located outside of the portion of the property to which the
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exception applies.
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(c)
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this section shall not be required for the issuance of building permits associated
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(d)
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(1)
On July 1, 2018 and on each July 1 thereafter, the fees set forth
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equal to the percentage change from the previous year in the CPI-
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(2)
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(3)
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On and after January 1, 2022, the fees set forth in this section shall
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paragraph (2) unless and until the city commissions another study
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proposed to be applied.
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covenant and to which the city is a party, or any city-approved plan to build
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moderately priced development units (MPDUs) under Article IV of this Chapter 27.
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The exception provided by this subsection (a) shall apply only for so long the
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bonds, tax credits, grants, loans, or other subsidies to incentivize the development of
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affordable housing, including support from the affordable housing permanent funds
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created in section 27-150, and that are restricted by law, contract, deed, covenant, or
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any other legally enforceable instrument to provide housing units only to income-
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qualified households. This exception shall apply to any housing project financed or
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(d) Residential dwelling units that are built by any charitable, religious, or
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other non-profit entity and deed-restricted to ensure the affordability of the dwelling
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(e) Non-residential projects that are built by any charitable, religious or other
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non-profit entity and that are primarily used to provide, shelter, housing, housing
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homelessness.
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any department or agency thereof, to the extent any or all of the gross floor area in
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involuntary destruction as defined in Article XIII of the Denver Zoning Code, but
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Code.
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153, an applicant for a building permit for any structure subject to the requirements
of this Division 2 may elect to build or cause to be built affordable housing units on
the subject property or within a one-quarter mile radius of the subject property, with
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formulas:
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(1)
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(2)
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(3)
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(4)
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In the event the application of the formulas set forth in this subsection to a particular
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(b)
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(c)
Division 2 through the construction of affordable housing units shall submit to the
enable the director to determine that the applicant will construct or cause to be
constructed the affordable housing units, and enter into a binding agreement with the
when the affordable housing units will be built, and to include any other terms of
of this section. The executive director may require in any such agreement forms of
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financial security to ensure that the units are built. If the executive director approves
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a build alternative under this section and an agreement is executed and recorded,
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the director shall deliver to the department of community and planning and
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development written notice of such approval and a copy of the agreement. Only
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after the agreement is executed and recorded may any building permits be issued for
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a project for which the applicant has elected to use the build alternative as provided
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in this section.
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The responsibility for the calculation and collection of linkage fees shall
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and the fees required by this division shall be collected in conjunction with the
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administration of the citys system for issuing building permits. Any and all linkage
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fees applicable to a construction project shall be paid in full prior to the issuance of
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any building permit, excluding the shoring or excavation permit, for that project. For
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projects such as townhomes where units receive separate building permits, fees
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shall be remitted to the Affordable Housing Linkage Fee Revenue Fund as provided
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in section 27-150 and used exclusively for the purposes set forth therein.
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(b)
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applicable linkage fees but before the issuance of a certificate of occupancy, the
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made by the applicant to change the use of the structure to a use category for which
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a higher linkage fee would be imposed under section 27-153, then the applicant shall
(b) Any dispute over the applicability or calculation of the linkage fees may be
appealed by the applicant for a building permit to the executive director (manager) of
the department of community planning and development, who shall determine such
development.
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community planning and development that the fees were not due and owning under
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this division, if a decision is made by the applicant after a building permit has been
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issued to reduce the gross square feet of the construction project or to change the
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use of the structure to a use category for which a lower linkage fee would be
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imposed under section 27-153, or if the building permits for the project lapse or are
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relinquished by the applicant without the project being built. The executive director
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any refund under this subsection (c) unless the applicant files a written request for a
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refund with the executive director within sixty (60) days from the day any grounds for
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a refund arise.
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(d) After a building permit has been issued and the applicable linkage fees
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have been paid, no additional fees shall be required under either of the following
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circumstances:
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(2) If modified drawings for the construction project are submitted and logged
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in for review, so long as the modified drawings do not increase the overall
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(a)
reduce or waive the amount of linkage fees that would otherwise be imposed upon a
specific development under Sec. 27-153 if the applicant for a reduction or waiver
demonstrates that the required amount of fees exceeds the amount that would be
needed to mitigate the actual demand for affordable housing created by the
showing the reduced affordable housing impacts created by the development, based
upon the actual characteristics of the development including, for example: (A) the
unique characteristics and space utilization of the workforce that will occupy a non-
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residential development and the demand of that particular workforce for affordable
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housing; (B) a non-residential development that will involve a structure built for and
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suitable solely for a specific use involving few or no employees; or (C) the unique
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characteristics of the residents who will occupy a residential development, and the
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projected spending patterns, will not drive additional employment requiring additional
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affordable housing.
(b)
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reduction or waiver or linkage fees granted under the authority of this section.
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Division 3. Affordable housing advisory committee
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(a)
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everywhere (H&OPE).
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(b) The following five (5) members appointed by the mayor and confirmed by the city
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council:
Executive director of the mayors office of housing and opportunities for people
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estate industry.
(c) The following five (5) members appointed by the city council:
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(a) The appointed members of the committee shall serve for a period of three (3)
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members for three-year terms, another third for two years, and the remaining third for
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Any vacancy in any appointed position of the committee shall be promptly filled
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by the appropriate appointing authority to serve the remainder of the unexpired term of
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performance of their duties pursuant to the rules and regulations of the city for such
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reimbursement.
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a majority of the membership, but the schedule must provide for at least one regular
meeting per month. Additional meetings shall be called as needed by the chair of the
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committee.
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(b) All meetings of the committee shall be subject to city requirements for open
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meetings, as set forth in Article III of Chapter 2 of the code. Participation and voting in
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and limitations of the Code of Ethics, as set forth in Article IV of Chapter 2 of the code.
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(c) The committee may adopt additional bylaws and procedures for the conduct
of its meetings and the performance of its duties as set forth in section 27-164.
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to the executive director of the office of economic development and the city council in
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regard to the planning and implementation of city programs and services to preserve
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and increase the supply of affordable housing in the city, The specific powers and duties
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(a)
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year strategic plans for the permanent funds established in Division 1 of this Article V,
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(1)
ranges of area median income (AMI), subject to the AMI limitations set
(2)
(3)
fund derived from the dedicated affordable housing property tax levy for
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(4)
funds for land banking and other tools to preserve locations in city for
future development of affordable housing.
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(b) To recommend goals, objectives and policies to inform budget priorities for
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Article V prior to the submission of such priorities by the executive director to the mayor
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and the city council as part of the citys annual budget process.
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(c)
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regarding past and potential future uses of revenue in the permanent funds established
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committee.
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fund;
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(3)
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(4)
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permanent funds.
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(e)
housing needs and then then to formulate and recommend for the approval of
the city council by October 1, 2017 a comprehensive affordable housing plan that
will govern all future expenditures by the city from all other sources of revenue to
(1)
and above revenues dedicated to the permanent funds, including but not
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administered federal funds, other city funding, grant funding, and tax
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(2)
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(3)
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assessment.
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(4)
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(5)
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(6)
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requirement
for
annual
progress
reports
evaluating
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(7)
(f)
provide property tax relief to low and moderate income households, particularly
housing costs, including by way of example proposals to increase the scope and
eligibility for the type of property tax refunds provided by Article XI of Chapter 53
of the code.
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Section 2. That section 2-32, D.R.M.C. concerning Open Meetings shall be amended by
adding a new paragraph (2)(ddd), to read as follows:
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Section 3. That paragraph (b)(1) and subsection (e) of section 20-26, D.R.M.C., shall be
amended by adding the language underlined, to read as follows:
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(1) Affected funds means the general fund, the human service fund,
the police pension fund, the fire pension fund, for which a millage rate
reductions between tax years 1996 and 2011 in order to comply with
(e) Use of restored property tax revenues. Restored property tax revenues shall
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be expended exclusively for the following purposes, with the allocation of revenue
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between and among these purposes to be determined on a year to year basis as a part of
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the annual budget and appropriation process: public safety, services for children, street
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maintenance, parks and recreation, libraries, and other essential city services; payments
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to low-income elderly and disabled persons as provided in section 53-498; and business
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incentive programs to retain and attract businesses to Denver. For 2017 property taxes to
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be collected in 2018, the citys certification of levies in support of the affected funds shall
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include a separate itemized levy at the rate of one-half of one mill (.5 mill) for the purpose
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of funding affordable housing programs through the affordable housing property tax fund.
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For 2018 taxes to be collected in 2019, and in each subsequent, the city shall continue to
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maintain a separately itemized levy to fund affordable housing programs and, as provided
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in subsection (d)(2) of this section, shall adjust the levy annually in coordination with the
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adjustment of the levies for the other affected funds to the extent necessary to comply
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with the city property tax revenue limitation, until such time as the credited mills are
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entirely eliminated.
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Fund Number 16000, an Affordable Housing Property Tax Revenue Fund, Accounting No. 16606,
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for the purpose of receiving and expending certain tax revenue and revenue from other sources to
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promote the provision of affordable housing in accordance with the laws of the city. Revenues
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derived from the component of the citys property taxes dedicated to affordable housing, as
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provided in Section 20-26, D.R.M.C., including any such revenues transferred from the TABOR
excess revenue fund, Fund No. 19000, shall be deposited into the Treasury of the City and
Fund Number 16000, an Affordable Housing Linkage Fee Revenue Fund, Accounting No. 16607,
for the exclusive purpose of receiving and expending revenues derived from the city affordable
housing linkage fees, as provided in Article V of Chapter 27, D.R.M.C. Any and all such fee
revenues shall be deposited into the Treasury of the City and credited to the Affordable Housing
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(C) The Affordable Housing Property Tax Revenue Fund and the Affordable Housing
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Linkage Fee Revenue Fund shall collectively be known as the citys Affordable Housing
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Permanent Funds.
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C. Expenditures are hereby authorized for the Affordable Housing Permanent Funds in an
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amount not to exceed the total of deposits described in subsections (A) and (B) of this section, to
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be expended by the Executive Director of the Office of Economic Development for the purposes
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ordinances of the city, expenditures from the Affordable Housing Permanent Funds shall be
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D. The Chief Financial Officer (Manager of Finance) of the City and County of
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Denver is hereby authorized and directed to make such book and record entries and to do
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such other things as may be necessary to accomplish the purposes of this ordinance.
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1.
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final publication.
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2.
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shall become effective October 1, 2017; provided, however, that the fee shall not apply to
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any applicant for a building permit who has, prior to close of business on Friday, September
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29, 2017 submitted to the Department of Community Planning and Development either a
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site development concept plan or a building permit application with associated permit
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drawings and paid all applicable plan review fees, and the department has logged-in such
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submissions for review by the department. An applicant for a building permit for residential
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construction who has submitted only a residential zoning plan prior to October 1, 2017, shall
not be exempt from payment of linkage fees under this ordinance on and after October 1,
2017.
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__________________________________________ - PRESIDENT
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PREPARED BY:
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Pursuant to section 13-12, D.R.M.C., this proposed ordinance has been reviewed by the office of the
City Attorney. We find no irregularity as to form, and have no legal objection to the proposed
ordinance. The proposed ordinance is not submitted to the City Council for approval pursuant to
3.2.6 of the Charter.
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Sep 8, 2016
DATE: __________________