Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
M.Chenya
Asst.Professsor
Guide
B.VISHNU TEJA
13E31A0408
B.PRANEETH KUMAR
13E31A0409
C.BHARATH
13E31A0410
CH.PRUDHVI RAJ
13E31A0411
CH.RAJESH KUMAR
13E31A0412
Dr.V.Gunashekar Reddy
Dr.B.Visvesvara Rao.
Professor
Co-ordinator
Head Of Dept.
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the project work entitled "SMART DOCTOR ANDROID " is
submitted by
B.VISHNU TEJA
13E31A0408
B.PRANEETH KUMAR
13E31A0409
C.BHARATH
13E31A0410
CH.PRUDHVI RAJ
13E31A0411
CH.RAJESH KUMAR
13E31A0412
M.chenya
Asst.Professsor
Guide
Dr.V.Gunashekar Reddy
Professor
Co-ordinator
Dr.B.Visvesvara Rao.
Professor & HOD
Head Of Dept.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
It is indeed a great pleasure and immense satisfaction for us to express our deep sense of
gratitude, to our project Guide Mr.M.chenya, Asst. Professor in Electronics and Communication
Engineering department, for his guidance in the completion of the project.
Our sincere thanks to our Professor and project coordinator Dr.V.Gunashekar Reddy in the
department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, for his valuable suggestions
encouragement for the completion of the project.
We convey our sincere gratitude to Dr.B.Visvesvara Rao , Professor &
and
Head of the
B.VISHNU TEJA
13E31A0408
B.PRANEETH KUMAR
13E31A0409
C.BHARATH
13E31A0410
CH.PRUDHVI RAJ
13E31A0411
CH.RAJESH KUMAR
13E31A0412
CONTENTS
Page-no
Abstract
List of figures
List of Tables
Abbreviations
CHAPTER1: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction to the project.
1.2 Introduction to the embedded systems..
CHAPTER2: PROJECT BLOCK DIAGRAM
CHAPTER3: HARDWARE
3.1 Microcontroller..
CHAPTER4: SOFTWARE
CHAPTER5: PROJECT DESCRIPTION
CHAPTER6: RESULTS
CHAPTER7: APPLICATIONS
CHAPTER8: CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE SCOPE
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Appendix
ABSTRACT
This project describes the development of a heart rate based on a microcontroller through
Bluetooth module .It offers the advantage of monitoring status of heart rate through
smartphone using Bluetooth .The paper explains how a single-chip microcontroller can be
used to analyse pulse rate signals in real-time .In addition, it allows doctors to get the status
of heart rate of the patient by Bluetooth terminal Application in their android smartphone
every minute. The system reads, stores and analyses the pulse rate repetitively in real time.
The hardware and software design are oriented towards a single-chip microcontroller-based
system, hence minimizing the size. The important feature of this project is the use of pulsetime conversion process to compute heart rate. It then processes on the real-time data, that is
the information to determine whether the heart rate is normal or abnormal.
List of figures
Chapter 2:
Project Block Diagram Fig 2.1
Chapter 3:
Pin Diagram of Micro controller AT89S52..Fig 3.1.
Circuit Diagram of AT89S52..Fig 3.1.1
Oscillator ConnectionsFig 3.2
External Clock Drive Configuration...Fig 3.2.1
Block Diagram of power supply.Fig 3.3
Bridge Rectifier...Fig 3.4
Voltage Regulator (LM 7805).Fig 3.5
Bluetooth Module (HC-05).Fig 3.6
Pulse rate sensor..Fig 3.7
Heart beat & sensor signal output graph.Fig 3.8
Liquid Crystal DisplayFig 3.9
Pin Diagram of LCD...Fig 3.10
Light Emitting Diode..Fig 3.11
Resistor...Fig 3.12
Capacitor.Fig 3.13
Crystal OscillatorFig 3.14
Chapter 4:
Schematic of projectFig 4.1
Chapter 6:
Result after placing an LCDFig 6.1
Result obtained in smartphone.Fig 6.2
List of tables:
Chapter 3:
Various Special Features of Port3 in AT89S52..table 3.1
Pin Description of LCD..table 3.2
Instruction set of LCDtable 3.3
ABBREVIATIONS:
ECG: Electrocardiogram
SQL: Structured Queuing Language
PHP: Programmable Hypertext Preprocessor
APACHE: Acute Physiology Age Chronic Health Evaluation
DVD: Digital Versatile Disc
AT89S52=AT-Atmel+89=Manufacture Series +S=SiliconCMOS+52 is the family
LCD: Liquid Crystal Display
IDE: Integrated Development Environment
OR-CAD: OR(Oregon, UNITED STATES)+CAD(Computer-Aided Design)
RAM: Random Access Memory
ROM: Read Only Memory
CPU: Central Processing Unit
I/O PORTS: Input / Output ports
UV-RAM: Ultraviolet Radiation Random Access Memory
NV_RAM: Non-Volatile Random Access Memory
UART: Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter
ISP: In-System Programming
MCS: Micro Controller Series
CMOS: Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor
TTL: Transistor-Transistor Logic
MCU: Multipoint Control Unit
LED: Light Emitting Diode
TXD: Transmit Data
RXD: Receive Data
SMD: Surface Mounted Device
PCB: Printed Circuit Board
ANSI: American National Standard Institute
CHAPTER -1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction to the project:
Patient monitoring system is a process where a surgeon can continuously monitor more than
one patient, for more than one parameter at a time in a remote place. With the development of
Smartphone, it has performed a Smartphone based body monitoring system with a
combination of the advantages of network technology and multiple sensor fusion technology.
Body monitoring system greatly improves the operational capability of health care, such as
remote operations, wireless health care so on. There has been a growing concern with
technology of medical care which has developed rapidly and plays an increasingly important
role in our life. The advances in information and communication technologies enable
technically, the continuous monitoring of health related parameters with wireless sensor,
wherever the user happens to be. They provide valuable real time information enabling the
physicians to monitor and analyze a patients current and previous state of health. Now days
there are several efforts towards the development of system that carry out remote monitoring
of patients. Traditional healthcare technologies mostly are confined to hospitals and other
specific place, which is not convenient for the users movement. It may also take lots of
money. At present, several proposals, have been used to concentrate to this issue. But they
also suffer from some limitations mainly. Concerning single function of equipment and the
potential radiation hazards by mobile phone direct contacting with the body. In order to solve
the purpose of mobile medical care, we can use android Smartphone as a component of this
system. Android mobile phone can not only receive the data collected by our hardware device
but also can transmit these data to remote server in time. This method not only simplifies and
speeds up the process of information acquisition, processing and analysis, but also declines
costs of equipment; therefore, researchers have become more interested in wireless health
care. Although many wireless standards can be used, there are important considerations such
as range, throughput, security, ease of implementation and cost. The patient monitoring
involves handling of sensitive data. These data should be transmitted securely without any
intrusion. The web-database is a system where the web server will store the data in table
format where the digital data are filled in column and then it is plotted against the time to get
ECG graph and other parameters.
Avionics, such as inertial guidance systems, flight control hardware/software and other
integrated systems in aircraft and missiles
Home automation products, such as thermostats, air conditioners, sprinklers, and security
monitoring systems
Handheld calculators
Handheld computers
Household appliances, including microwave ovens, washing machines, television sets, DVD
10
Medical equipment
Videogame consoles
Characteristics
Embedded systems are designed to do some specific task, rather than be a generalpurpose computer for multiple tasks. Some also have real-time performance constraints that
must be met, for reason such as safety and usability; others may have low or no performance
requirements, allowing the system hardware to be simplified to reduce costs. An embedded
system is not always a separate block - very often it is physically built-in to the device it is
controlling. The software written for embedded systems is often called firmware, and is
stored in read-only memory or Flash memory chips rather than a disk drive. It often runs with
limited computer hardware resources: small or no keyboard, screen, and little memory.
Reliability
Embedded systems often reside in machines that are expected to run continuously for
years without errors and in some cases recover by them if an error occurs. Therefore the
software is usually developed and tested more carefully than that for personal computers, and
unreliable mechanical moving parts such as disk drives, switches or buttons are avoided.
Specific reliability issues may include:
1. The system cannot safely be shut down for repair, or it is too inaccessible to repair.
Solutions may involve subsystems with redundant spares that can be switched over to,
or software "limp modes" that provide partial function. Examples include space
systems, undersea cables, navigational beacons, bore-hole systems, and automobiles.
2. The system must be kept running for safety reasons. "Limp modes" are less tolerable.
Often backups are selected by an operator. Examples include aircraft navigation,
reactor control systems, safety-critical chemical factory controls, train signals, engines
on single-engine aircraft.
3. The system will lose large amounts of money when shut down: Telephone switches,
factory controls, bridge and elevator controls, funds transfer and market making,
automated sales and service.
11
12
CHAPTER-2
PROJECT BLOCK DIAGRAM
BLOCK DIAGRAM:
POWER SUPPLY
MICRO
LCD DISPLAY
CONTROLLER AT89S52
(16 X 2 LINES)
SENSORS
( PULSE)
BLUETOOTH MODULE
13
CHAPTER-3
HARDWARE
3.1 MICROCONTROLLER
Microprocessors and microcontrollers are widely used in embedded systems products.
Microcontroller is a programmable device. A microcontroller has a CPU in addition to a fixed
amount of RAM, ROM, I/O ports and a timer embedded all on a single chip. The fixed
amount of on-chip ROM, RAM and number of I/O ports in microcontrollers makes them
ideal for many applications in which cost and space are critical.
The Intel 8051 is Harvard architecture, single chip microcontroller (C) which was
developed by Intel in 1980 for use in embedded systems. It was popular in the 1980s and
early 1990s, but today it has largely been superseded by a vast range of enhanced devices
with 8051-compatible processor cores that are manufactured by more than 20 independent
manufacturers including Atmel, Infineon Technologies and Maxim Integrated Products.
8051 is an 8-bit processor, meaning that the CPU can work on only 8 bits of data at a
time. Data larger than 8 bits has to be broken into 8-bit pieces to be processed by the CPU.
8051 is available in different memory types such as UV-EPROM, Flash and NV-RAM.
The present project is implemented on Keil Uvision. In order to program the device,
Proload tool has been used to burn the program onto the microcontroller.
The features, pin description of the microcontroller and the software tools used are
discussed in the following sections.
3.1 .1FEATURES OF AT89s52:
Watchdog timer.
Power-off flag.
3.1.2 Description:
The AT89s52 is a low-voltage, high-performance CMOS 8-bit microcomputer with
8K bytes of Flash programmable memory. The device is manufactured using Atmels high
density nonvolatile memory technology and is compatible with the industry-standard MCS51 instruction set. The on chip flash allows the program memory to be reprogrammed in
system or by a conventional non volatile memory programmer. By combining a versatile 8-bit
CPU with Flash on a monolithic chip, the Atmel AT89s52 is a powerful microcomputer,
which provides a highly flexible and cost-effective solution to many embedded control
applications.
In addition, the AT89s52 is designed with static logic for operation down to zero frequency
and supports two software selectable power saving modes. The Idle Mode stops the CPU
while allowing the RAM, timer/counters, serial port and interrupt system to continue
15
functioning. The power-down mode saves the RAM contents but freezes the oscillator
disabling all other chip functions until the next hardware reset.
16
17
VCC
Pin 40 provides supply voltage to the chip. The voltage source is +5V.
Port 2
Port 2 is an 8-bit bidirectional I/O port with internal pull-ups. The Port 2 output
buffers can sink/source four TTL inputs. When 1s are written to Port 2 pins, they are pulled
high by the internal pull-ups and can be used as inputs. As inputs, Port 2 pins that are
externally being pulled low will source current (IIL) because of the internal pull-ups.
18
Port 2 emits the high-order address byte during fetches from external program
memory and during accesses to external data memory that uses 16-bit addresses (MOVX @
DPTR). In this application, Port 2 uses strong internal pull-ups when emitting 1s. During
accesses to external data memory that uses 8-bit addresses (MOVX @ RI), Port 2 emits the
contents of the P2 Special Function Register. The port also receives the high-order address
bits and some control signals during Flash programming and verification.
Port 3
Port 3 is an 8-bit bidirectional I/O port with internal pull-ups. The Port 3 output
buffers can sink/source four TTL inputs. When 1s are written to Port 3 pins, they are pulled
high by the internal pull-ups and can be used as inputs. As inputs, Port 3 pins that are
externally being pulled low will source current (IIL) because of the pull-ups. Port 3 receives
some control signals for Flash programming and verification.
Port 3 also serves the functions of various special features of the AT89S52, as shown
in the following table.
RST
19
Reset input. A high on this pin for two machine cycles while the oscillator is running
resets the device. This pin drives high for 98 oscillator periods after the Watchdog times out.
The DISRTO bit in SFR AUXR (address 8EH) can be used to disable this feature. In the
default state of bit DISRTO, the RESET HIGH out feature is enabled.
ALE/PROG
Address Latch Enable (ALE) is an output pulse for latching the low byte of the
address during accesses to external memory. This pin is also the program pulse input (PROG)
during Flash programming.
In normal operation, ALE is emitted at a constant rate of 1/6 the oscillator frequency
and may be used for external timing or clocking purposes. Note, however, that one ALE pulse
is skipped during each access to external data memory.
If desired, ALE operation can be disabled by setting bit 0 of SFR location 8EH. With
the bit set, ALE is active only during a MOVX or MOVC instruction. Otherwise, the pin is
weakly pulled high. Setting the ALE-disable bit has no effect if the microcontroller is in
external execution mode.
PSEN
Program Store Enable (PSEN) is the read strobe to external program memory. When
the AT89S52 is executing code from external program memory, PSEN is activated twice each
machine cycle, except that two PSEN activations are skipped during each access to external
data memory.
EA/VPP
External Access Enable. EA must be strapped to GND in order to enable the device to
fetch code from external program memory locations starting at 0000H up to FFFFH. Note,
however, that if lock bit 1 is programmed, EA will be internally latched on reset.
EA should be strapped to VCC for internal program executions. This pin also receives the 12volt programming enable voltage (VPP) during Flash programming.
XTAL1
Input to the inverting oscillator amplifier and input to the internal clock operating
circuit.
20
XTAL2
Output from the inverting oscillator amplifier.
Oscillator Connections
HARDWARE COMPONENTS
21
Power Supply
Bridge rectifier
A bridge rectifier can be made using four individual diodes, but it is also available in
special packages containing the four diodes required. It is called a full-wave rectifier because
it uses the entire AC wave (both positive and negative sections). 1.4V is used up in the bridge
rectifier because each diode uses 0.7V when conducting and there are always two diodes
conducting, as shown in the diagram below. Bridge rectifiers are rated by the maximum
current they can pass and the maximum reverse voltage they can withstand (this must be at
22
least three times the supply RMS voltage so the rectifier can withstand the peak voltages).
Alternate pairs of diodes conduct, changing over the connections so the alternating directions
of AC are converted to the one direction of DC.
Regulator
Voltage regulator ICs are available with fixed (typically 5, 12 and 15V) or variable
output voltages. They are also rated by the maximum current they can pass. Negative voltage
regulators are available, mainly for use in dual supplies. Most regulators include some
automatic protection from excessive current ('overload protection') and overheating ('thermal
protection').
Many of the fixed voltage regulators ICs have 3 leads and look like power transistors,
such as the 7805 +5V 1A regulator shown on the right. They include a hole for attaching a
heat sink if necessary.
23
Bluetooth printer, Bluetooth GPS. So, we can use master module to make pair and
communicate with them.
25
Heart beat sensor is designed to give digital output of heat beat when a finger is placed on it.
When the heart beat detector is working, the beat LED flashes in unison with each heart beat.
This digital output can be connected to microcontroller directly to measure the Beats per Minute
(BPM) rate. It works on the principle of light modulation by blood flow through finger at each
pulse. A simple heart -beat transducer can be made from an infrared LED and an infrared
phototransistor. It works because skin acts as a reflective surface for infrared light. The IR
reflectivity of skin depends on the density of blood in it. Blood density rises and falls with the
pumping action of the heart. So the intensity of infrared reflected by the skin (and thus
transmitted to the phototransistor) rises and falls with each heartbeat.
Features
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Applications
1. Digital Heart Rate monitor
2. Patient Monitoring System
3. Bio-Feedback control of robotics and applications
Specification
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Parameter Value
Operating Voltage +5V DC regulated
Operating Current 100 mA
Output Data Level 5V TTL level
Heart Beat detection Indicated by LED and Output High Pulse
Light source 660nm Super Red LED
Pin Details
Board has 3-pin connector for using the sensor. Details are marked on PCB as below.
Pin Name Details
1 +5V Power supply Positive input
2 OUT Active High output
Working Principle:
The sensor consists of a super bright red LED and light detector. The LED needs to be super
bright as the maximum light must pass spread in finger and detected by detector. Now, when the
heart pumps a pulse of blood through the blood vessels, the finger becomes slightly more opaque
and so less light reached the detector. With each heart pulse the detector signal varies. This
variation is converted to electrical pulse. This signal is amplified and triggered through an
amplifier which outputs +5V logic level signal. The output signal is also indicated by a LED
which blinks on each heart beat. FIGURE 1 SENSOR PRINCIPLE following figure shows
signal of heart beat and sensor signal output graph.
Fig.2 shows actual heart beat received by detector (Yellow) and the trigger point of sensor (Red)
after which the sensor outputs digital signal (Blue) at 5V level.
There are two very important registers inside the LCD. The RS pin is used for their selection
as follows.
a) If RS=0, the instruction command code register is selected, allowing the user to send a
command such as clear display, cursor at home, etc.,
b) If RS=1 the data register is selected, allowing the user to send data to be displayed on the
LCD.
R/W, read/write
R/W input allows the user to write information to the LCD or read information from it. R/W=1
when reading; R/W=0 when writing.
EN, Enable
The enable pin is used by the LCD to latch information presented to its data pins. When
data is supplied to data pins, a high-to-low pulse must be applied to this pin in order for the LCD
to latch in the data present at the data pins. This pulse must be a minimum of 450ns wide.
D0-D7
The 8-bit data pins, D0-D7, are used to send information to the LCD or read the contents
of the LCDs internal registers. To display letters and numbers, we send ASCII codes for the
letters A-Z, a-z, and numbers 0-9 to these pins while making RS=1.
There are also instruction command codes that can be sent to the LCD to clear the display or
force the cursor to the home position or blink the instruction command codes.
We also use RS=0 to check the busy flag bit to see if the LCD is ready to receive information.
The busy flag is D7 and can be read when R/W=1 and RS=0, as follows: if R/W=1, RS=0. When
D7=1 (busy flag=1), the LCD is busy taking care of internal operations and will not accept any
information.
Write 0x030 to LCD and wait 5 msecs for the instruction to complete
Write 0x030 to LCD and wait 160 usecs for instruction to complete
Write 0x030 AGAIN to LCD and wait 160 usecs or Poll the Busy Flag
LIGHT-EMITTING DIODE:
Fig 3.12-Resistor
CAPACITOR:
A capacitor (originally known as a condenser) is a passive two-terminal electrical
component used to store electrical energy temporarily in an electric field. The non conducting
dielectric acts to increase the capacitor's charge capacity. Materials commonly used as dielectrics
include glass, ceramic, plastic film, air, vacuum, paper, mica, and oxide layers. Capacitors are
widely used as parts of electrical circuits in many common electrical devices. Unlike a resistor,
an ideal capacitor does not dissipate energy. Instead, a capacitor stores energy in the form of an
electrostatic field between its plates.
Fig 3.13-Capacitor.
CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR:
A crystal oscillator is an electronic oscillator circuit that uses the mechanical resonance of
a vibrating crystal of piezoelectric material to create an electrical signal with a precise frequency.
This frequency is commonly used to keep track of time, as in quartz wristwatches, to provide a
stable clock signal for digital integrated circuits, and to stabilize frequencies for radio
transmitters and receivers.
Fig:3.14-Crystal Oscillator.
Chapter-4
SOFTWARE
application, and if required how the application should be simulated. A project contains
enough information to take a set of source files and generate exactly the binary code required for
the application. Because of the high degree of flexibility required from the tools, there are many
options that can be set to configure the tools to operate in a specific manner. It would be tedious
to have to set these options up every time the application is being built; therefore they are stored
in a project file. Loading the project file into KEIL informs KEIL which source files are required,
where they are, and how to configure the tools in the correct way. KEIL can then execute each
tool with the correct options. It is also possible to create new projects in KEIL. Source files are
added to the project and the tool options are set as required. The project can then be saved to
preserve the settings. The project also stores such things as which windows were left open in the
simulator/debugger, so when a project is reloaded and the simulator or debugger started, all the
desired windows are opened. KEIL project files have the extension
4.3 Simulator/Debugger
The simulator/ debugger in KEIL can perform a very detailed simulation of a micro
controller along with external signals. It is possible to view the precise execution time of a single
assembly instruction, or a single line of C code, all the way up to the entire application, simply
by entering the crystal frequency. A window can be opened for each peripheral on the device,
showing the state of the peripheral. This enables quick trouble shooting of miss-configured
peripherals. Breakpoints may be set on either assembly instructions or lines of C code, and
execution may be stepped through one instruction or C line at a time. The contents of all the
memory areas may be viewed along with ability to find specific variables. In addition the registers
may be viewed allowing a detailed view of what the microcontroller is doing at any point in time.
The Keil Software 8051 development tools listed below are the programs you use to compile
your C code, assemble your assembler source files, link your program together, create HEX files,
and debug your target program.
Environment: combines Project Management, Source Code Editing, and Program Debugging in
one powerful environment.
C51 ANSI Optimizing C Cross Compiler: creates re locatable object modules from your C source
code,
A51
Macro Assembler:
creates
re locatable
object
modules
from
Program Code:
#include <reg52.h>
#include <intrins.h>
#include <lcd.h>
sbit pulse=P1^1;
//EA=1;
//ES=1;
}*/
void main()
{
init_lcd();
init_lcd();
init_lcd();
serial_init();
serial_init();
TMOD=TMOD|0x02;
TH0=0x00;
IE|=0x82;
TR0=1;
Trans_Str(" HeartBeat");
cmd_lcd(0x01);
cmd_lcd(0x80);
display_lcd("Pulse");
cmd_lcd(0xC0);
display_lcd("Time");
delay_ms(100);
while(1)
{
while(pulse==1);
counts++;
while(pulse==0);
delay_ms(1);
q=counts/2;
a=q/1000;//to get thousands num
y=q%1000;
b=y/100; //to get hundreds num
x=y%100;
c=x/10; //to get tens num
d=x%10;
cmd_lcd(0x8A);
write_lcd(a+0x30);
write_lcd(b+0x30);
write_lcd(c+0x30);
write_lcd(d+0x30);
delay_ms(20);
//////////display time////////////////
q=n;
a=q/1000;//to get thousands num
y=q%1000;
x=y%100;
d=x%10;
cmd_lcd(0xCA);
write_lcd(a+0x30);
write_lcd(b+0x30);
write_lcd(c+0x30);
write_lcd(d+0x30);
delay_ms(50);
////////
if(flagd==1)
cmd_lcd(0x01);
IE=0x00;
display_lcd("Pulse Rate");
q=counts/2;
a=q/1000;
y=q%1000;
b=y/100;
x=y%100;
c=x/10;
d=x%10;
cmd_lcd(0xC0);
write_lcd(a+0x30);
write_lcd(b+0x30);
write_lcd(c+0x30);
write_lcd(d+0x30);
delay_ms(50);
cmd_lcd(0xc5);
display_lcd("Pulses/Min");
//delay_ms(20);
if((counts/1)>100||(counts/1)<40)
{
cmd_lcd(0x01);
cmd_lcd(0x80);
display_lcd("ABNORMAL HRTBT ");
Trans_Str("\r\nAbNormal HeartBeat");
delay_ms(100)
}
else
if((counts/1)<100&&(counts/1)>40)
{
cmd_lcd(0x01);
cmd_lcd(0x80);
display_lcd("NORMAL HEARTBEAT ");
Trans_Str("\r\nNormal HeartBeat");
TI=1;
delay_ms(100);
/*for(j=0;j<16;j++)
{
SBUF=l[j];
while(TI==0);
TI=0;
}
delay_ms(20);
cmd_lcd(0x01);
}*/
counts=0;
flagd=0;
m=0;
n=0;
q=0;
cmd_lcd(0x01);
TMOD=TMOD|0x02;
TH0=0x00;
IE|=0x82;
TR0=1;
cmd_lcd(0x80);
display_lcd("Pulse");
cmd_lcd(0xc0);
display_lcd("Time");
delay_ms(20);
}
}
cmd_lcd(0x01);
}
}
void serial_init()
{
TMOD=0x20;
SCON=0x50;
TH1=0xFD;
TR1=1;
//EA=1;ES=1;
}
void Trans_Char(unsigned char tx_data)
{
SBUF=tx_data;
while(TI==0);
TI=0;
}
void Trans_Str(unsigned char *_data)
{
while (*_data)
{
SBUF =*_data++;
While (TI ==0);
T1=0;
}
}
CHAPTER-5
PROJECT DESCRIPTION
CHAPTER-6
RESULT
CHAPTER-7
APPLICATIONS
1.
2.
3.
4.
CHAPTER-8
CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE
CONCLUSION:
Thus by the implementation pulse rate monitoring system, we can detect whether the
status of heart rate of the patient is normal or abnormal. By the Implementation of these kind of
project the huge size of the equipment can be largely reduced. The Bluetooth module transmits
the status of heart rate of the patient to the Bluetooth Terminal Application in the Smartphone.
Thus the status of the heart rate can be obtained in android smartphone.
FUTURE SCOPE:
More than a single patient at different places can be monitored using single system.
By the Implementation of GPS module, we can get the address of the patient
Implementing Wifi module or GSM module instead of Bluetooth module can increase the
coverage area distance.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
REFERENCES:
[1]
THE
8051
MICROCONTROLLER
PROGRAMMING
AND
ARCHITECTURE,
APPLICATIONS.
KENNETH
SYSTEMS
WEBSITES
www.alldatasheets.com
www.atmel.com
www.electronicforu.com
www.8052.com
APPENDIX
11.1 Pin Details of AT89S52Port3