UPSC Optional Electrical Engineering Syllabus

Paper - I
1. Circuit Theory: Circuit components; network graphs; KCL, KVL;
circuit analysis methods: nodal analysis, mesh analysis; basic network
theorems and applications; transient analysis: RL, RC and RLC circuits;
sinusoidal steady state analysis; resonant circuits; coupled circuits;
balanced 3-phase circuits; Two-port networks.
2. Signals & Systems: Representation of continuoustime and discretetime signals & systems; LTI systems; convolution; impulse response; timedomain
analysis
of
LTI
systems
based
on
convolution
and
differential/difference equations. Fourier transform, Laplace transform, Ztransform, Transfer function. Sampling and recovery of signals DFT, FFT
Processing of analog signals through discrete-time systems.
3. E.M. Theory: Maxwells equations, wave propagation in bounded
media. Boundary conditions, reflection and refraction of plane waves.
Transmission line: travelling and standing waves, impedance matching,
Smith chart.
4. Analog Electronics: Characteristics and equivalent circuits (large
and small-signal) of Diode, BJT, JFET and MOSFET. Diode circuits:
clipping, clamping, rectifier. Biasing and bias stability. FET amplifiers.
Current mirror; Amplifiers: single and multi-stage, differential, operational,
feedback and power. Analysis of amplifiers; frequency response of amplifiers.
OPAMP circuits. Filters; sinusoidal oscillators: criterion for oscillation;
single-transistor and OPAMP configurations. Function generators and
wave-shaping circuits. Linear and switching power supplies.
5. Digital Electronics: Boolean algebra; minimization of Boolean functions;
logic gates; digital IC families (DTL, TTL, ECL, MOS, CMOS). Combinational
circuits: arithmetic circuits, code converters, multiplexers and decoders.
Sequential circuits: latches and flip-flops, counters and shift-registers.

Comparators, timers, multi vibrators. Sample and hold circuits, ADCs and
DACs. Semiconductor memories. Logic implementation using programmable
devices (ROM, PLA, FPGA).
6. Energy Conversion: Principles of electromechanical energy conversion:
Torque and emf in rotating machines. DC machines: characteristics and
performance analysis; starting and speed control of motors;
Transformers: principles of operation and analysis; regulation,
efficiency; 3-phase transformers. 3-phase induction machines and
synchronous machines: characteristics and preformance analysis;
speed control.
7. Power Electronics and Electric Drives: Semiconductor power
devices: diode, transistor, thyristor, triac, GTO and MOSFETstatic
characteristics and principles of operation; triggering circuits; hase
control rectifiers; bridge converters: fully-controlled and half-controlled;
principles of thyristor choppers and inverters; DC-DC converters; Switch
mode inverter; basic concepts of speed control of DC and AC Motor drives
applications of variable-speed drives.
8. Analog Communication: Random variables: continuous, discrete;
probability, probability functions. Statistical averages; probability models;
Random signals and noise: white noise, noise equivalent bandwidth;
signal transmission with noise; signal to noise ratio. Linear CW modulation:
Amplitude modulation: DSB, DSB-SC and SSB. Modulators and
Demodulators; Phase and Frequency modulation: PM & FM signals;
narrowband FM; generation & detection of FM and PM, Deemphasis, Pre
emphasis. CW modulation system: Super hetrodyne receivers, AM receivers,
communication receivers, FM receivers, phase locked loop, SSB receiver
Signal to noise ratio calculation for AM and FM receivers.

Paper - II
1. Control Systems: Elements
representation; open-loop &
applications of feed-back. Control
domain and transform-domain

of control systems; block diagram

closed-loop systems; principles and
system components. LTI systems: timeanalysis. Stability: Routh Hurwitz

criterion, root-loci, Bode plots and polar plots, Nyquists criterion;

Design of lead-lad compensators. Proportional, PI, PID controllers. State
variable representation and analysis of control systems.
2. Microprocessors and Microcomputers: PC organization ; CPU,
instruction set, register set, timing diagram, programming, interrupts,
memory interfacing, I/O interfacing, programmable peripheral devices.
3. Measurement and Instrumentation: Error analysis; measurement
of current, voltage, power, energy, power-factor, resistance,
inductance, capacitance and frequency; bridge measurement. Signal
conditioning circuit; Electronic measuring instruments: multimeter, CRO,
digital voltmeter, frequency counter, Q-meter, spectrum-analyzer,
distortion-meter. Transducers: thermocouple, thermistor, LVDT, straingauge, piezo-electric crystal.
4. Power Systems: Analysis and Control: Steady-state performance of
overhead transmission lines and cables; principles of active and reactive
power transfer and distribution; per-unit quantities; bus admittance and
impedance matrices; load flow; voltage control and power factor correction;
economic operation; symmetrical components, analysis of symmetrical
and unsymmetrical faults. Concept of system stability: swing curves and
equal area criterion. Static VAR system. Basic concepts of HVDC
transmission.
5. Power System Protection: Principles of overcurrent, differential and
distance protection. Concept of solid state relays. Circuit breakers. Computer
aided protection: Introduction; line bus, generator, transformer protection;
numeric relays and application of DSP to protection.
6. Digital Communication: Pulse code modulation (PCM), differential
pulse code modulation (DPCM), delta modulation (DM), Digital modulation
and demodulation schemes: amplitude, phase and frequency keying
schemes (ASK, PSK, FSK). Error control coding: error detection and
correction, linear block codes, convolution codes. Information measure and
source coding. Data networks, 7-layer architecture.

UPSC ESE Electrical Engineering Syllabus

Paper I Syllabus
1. EM Theory Electric and magnetic fields

Gausss Law and Amperes Law. Fields in dielectrics, conductors and

magnetic materials. Maxwells equations. Time varying fields. Plane-Wave
propagating in dielectric and conducting media. Transmission lines.
2. Electrical Materials

Band Theory, Conductors, Semi-conductors and Insulators. Superconductivity. Insulators for electrical and electronic applications. Magnetic
materials. Ferro and ferri magnetism. Ceramics, Properties and applications.
Hall effect and its applications. Special semi conductors.
3. Electrical Circuits

Circuits
elements.
Kirchoffs
Laws. Mesh
and
nodal
analysis.
Network Theorems and applications. Natural response and forced response.
Transient response and steady state response for arbitrary inputs.
Properties of networks in terms of poles and zeros. Transfer function.
Resonant circuits. Three phase circuits. Two-port networks. Elements of twoelement
network synthesis.
4. Measurements and Instrumentation

Units and Standards. Error analysis, measurement of current, Voltage, power,

Power-factor and energy. Indicating instruments. Measurement of resistance,
inductance, Capacitance and frequency. Bridge measurements. Electronic
measuring instruments. Digital Voltmeter and frequency counter. Transducers
and their applications to the measurement of nonelectrical quantities like
temperature, pressure, flow-rate displacement, acceleration, noise level etc.
Data acquisition systems. A/D and D/A converters.

5. Control Systems

Mathematical modelling of physical systems. Block diagrams and signal flow

graphs and their reduction. Time domain and frequency domain analysis of
linear dynamical system. Errors for different type of inputs and
stability criteria for feedback systems. Stability analysis using Routh-Hurwitz
array, Nyquist plot and Bode plot. Root locus and Nicols chart and the
estimation of gain and phase margin. Basic concepts of compensator
design. State variable matrix design. Sampled data system and performance
of such a system with the samples in the error channel. Stability of sampled
data system. Elements of non-linear control analysis. Control system
components, electromechanical, hydraulic, pneumatic components.

Paper II Syllabus
1. Electrical Machines and Power Transformers

Magnetic Circuits - Analysis and Design of Power transformers. Construction

and testing. Equivalent circuits. Losses and efficiency. Regulation. Autotransformer, 3-phase transformer. Parallel operation. Basic concepts in
rotating machines. EMF, torque, basic machine types. Construction and
operation, leakage losses and efficiency. D.C. Machines. Construction,
Excitation methods. Circuit models. Armature reaction and commutation.
Characteristics and performance analysis. Generators and motors. Starting
and speed control. Testing, Losses and efficiency. Synchronous Machines.
Construction. Circuit model. Operating characteristics and performance
analysis. Synchronous reactance. Efficiency. Voltage regulation. Salient-pole
machine, Parallel operation. Hunting. Short circuit transients. Induction
Machines. Construction. Principle of operation. Rotating fields. Characteristics
and performance analysis. Determination of circuit model. Circle diagram.
Starting and speed control. Fractional KW motors. Single-phase synchronous
and induction motors.
2. Power systems

Types of Power Stations, Hydro, Thermal and Nuclear Stations.

Pumped storage
plants.
Economics
and
operating
factors. Power
transmission lines. Modeling and performance characteristics. Voltage
control. Load flow studies. Optimal power system operation. Load frequency

control. Symmetrical short circuit analysis. Z-Bus formulation. Symmetrical

Components. Per Unit representation. Fault analysis. Transient and steadystate stability of power systems. Equal area criterion. Power system
Transients. Power system Protection Circuit breakers. Relays. HVDC
transmission.
3. ANALOG AND DIGITAL ELECTRONICS AND CIRCUITS

Semiconductor device physics, PN junctions and transistors, circuit models

and parameters, FET, Zener, tunnel, Schottky, photo diodes and
their applications, rectifier circuits, voltage regulators and multipliers,
switching behavior of diodes and transistors. Small signal amplifiers, biasing
circuits, frequency response and improvement, multistage amplifiers
and feed-back amplifiers, D.C. amplifiers, coupling methods, push pull
amplifiers, operational amplifiers, wave shaping circuits. Multivibrators and
flipflops and their applications. Digital logic gage families, universal
gatescombinational circuits for arithmetic and logic operational, sequential
logic circuits. Counters, registers, RAM and ROMs.
4. MICROPROCESSORS

Microprocessor architecture-Instruction set and simple assembly language

programming. Interfacing for memory and I/O. Applications of Microprocessors in power system.
5. COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS

Types of modulation; AM, FM and PM. Demodulators. Noise and

bandwidth considerations. Digital communication systems. Pulse code
modulation and demodulation. Elements of sound and vision broadcasting.
Carrier communication. Frequency division and time division multiplexing,
Telemetry system in power engineering.
6. POWER ELECTRONICS

Power Semiconductor devices. Thyristor. Power transistor, GTOs

and MOSFETs. Characteristics and operation. AC to DC Converters; 1phase and 3-phase DC to DC Converters. AC regulators. Thyristor controlled
reactors; switched capacitor networks. Inverters; single-phase and 3-

phase. Pulse width modulation. Sinusoidal modulation

sampling. Switched mode power supplies

with

uniform