Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
Nays2D Flood
Solver Manual
Directed by Yasuyuki Shimizu
Edited by Takuya Inoue
Eiichi Suzuki
Satomi Kawamura
Toshiki Iwasaki
Michihiro Hamaki
Kensuke Omura
Eriko Kakegawa
Contents
I. Outline .............................................................................................................................. 1
I.1 NAYS2D FLOOD IS .... ................................................................ 1
I.2 FEATURES OF THE FLOW FIELD SIMULATION MODEL .................. 2
II. Basic Equations....................................................................................................... 3
II.1 Basic flow equations .............................................................. 3
II.1.1 Basic equations in a rectangular coordinate system ...................... 3
II.1.2 Mapping to a general curvilinear coordinate system ..................... 4
II.1.3 Basic equations in a general curvilinear coordinate system.......... 7
I. Outline
Nays2D Flood is ....
Nays 2D Flood is a flood flow analysis solver that relies on unsteady 2dimensional plane flow simulation using boundary-fitted coordinates1 as the
general curvilinear coordinates. This solver adopts the 2-dimensional plane
flow simulation of the Nays2D Solver developed by Professor Yasuyuki
Shimizu of Hokkaido University for flood flow analysis.
The solver easily enables the user to set the inflow conditions of an arbitrary
number of inflow rivers that enter from the upstream end or sides of a river.
It has been applied to the flood flow analysis of small/mid-scale rivers.
Because the solver does not require river channel data, it is also used for the
flood process analysis of primitive rivers and rivers in developing countries.
Create
calculation grids
Set calculation
condition
Run
calculation
(1)
[Equations of motion]
H x
(uh ) (hu 2 ) (huv )
+
+
= hg
+ Dx
t
x
y
x
(2)
H y
(vh ) (huv ) (hv 2 )
+
+
= hg
+ Dy
t
x
y
y
(3)
Where,
x
= C f u u2 + v2
(4)
= C f v u2 + v2
Dx =
(uh ) (uh )
t
+
t
y
x
x y
(5)
Dy =
(vh ) (vh )
t
+
t
y
x
x y
(6)
(7)
=
+
y y y
(8)
or
x = x
y
y
(9)
where,
x =
, y =
, x =
, y =
y
x
y
x
(10)
As well as,
y
x
=
+
x y
(11)
x
=
+
x y
(12)
= x
x
(13)
or
y x
y
y
where,
x =
x
x
, x =
,
y =
y
,
y =
(14)
Hence,
1
=
x y
y x
x x x
=
x x
y
y x
y
y
(15)
Assuming J = x y y x , then,
1 y
J y
x x
=
x x
(16)
Consequently,
x =
1
J
1
1
1
y , y = x , x = y , y = x
J
(17)
or
y = Jx , x = Jy , y = Jx , x = Jy
(18)
(19)
J = x y y x = J 2 x y x y
Thus,
J=
1
x y x y
(20)
u = xu + y v
(21)
u = x u + y v
(22)
or
5
u x y u
=
u x y v
u 1
=
v J
(23)
y u
x u
(24)
=0
+
t J J J
(25)
[Equations of motion]
u
u
u
+ u
+ u
+ 1 u u + 2 u u + 3 u u =
t
H
H
g x2 + y2
+ x x + y y
u
hJ
Cf
( y u y u )2 + ( x u + x u )2
+ D
(26)
u
u
u
+ u
+ u
+ 4 u u + 5 u u + 6 u u =
t
H
H
g x x + y y
+ x2 + y2
Cf
u
hJ
( y u y u )2 + ( x u + x u )2
+ D
(27)
where,
1 = x
4 = x
2 x
2
2 x
2
+y
+y
2 y
2
2 y
2
2 y
2 y
2 x
, 3 = x x + y
+y
, 2 = 2 x
2
2
(28)
2 y
2 y
2 x
, 6 = x x + y
+y
, 5 = 2 x
2
2
(29)
D =
u
u
(30)
+ y
t x
x
+
+x
+
+x
y
t
y
y
D =
u
u
u
(31)
+ y
t x
x
+
+
+x
+x
y
t
y
y
x =
, y =
, x =
, y =
y
x
y
x
(32)
u = x u + y v , u = x u + y v
J=
(33)
(34)
x y x y
Because when developed, the numbers of terms are huge, the following
conditions are assumed for the advection terms of D and D in the
equations of motion in a general curvilinear coordinate system to simplify
the calculation.
1) The second derivative of a metric parameter is locally set as zero.
2) A quasi-general curvilinear coordinate system is adopted locally as for
the advection terms.
Consequently, the advection terms can be expressed by approximation as
follows:
u
u
t r2
+
t r2
D ~
(35)
u
u
t r2
+
t r2
D ~
(36)
where, r and r are parameters expressing the local ratio of grid size in a
general curvilinear coordinate system over the corresponding distance on
actual topography, and are defined by the following equation:
=r
~ = r ,
~
(37)
(~
x2 + y2 = r2 x 2 + y 2 = r2 sin 2 + cos 2 = r2
(~
(38)
(39)
x2 + y2 = r2 ~x 2 + ~y 2 = r2 sin 2 + cos 2 = r2
(40)
~
~
J = x y y x = r r x~ y y~x = r r sin 2 + cos 2 sin = r r
Where, is the angle between x-axis and -axis (or y-axis and -axis).
(41)
t = vl
(42)
In a flow field where water depth and riverbed roughness gently change in
the cross-sectional direction, if we assume that eddy viscosity coefficients in
the vertical and the horizontal directions have the same order and that
bottom friction velocity and water depth are the dominant factors in
momentum transfer, then the eddy viscosity coefficientt is given by the
following equation.
(43)
t = au * h
t =
(44)
u* h
This modeling is called a zero-equation model because the model does not
require any transport equations for turbulent flow statistics.
10
Cf =
gnm
h
(45)
<References>
1) Fisher, H.B.: Longitudinal Dispersion and Turbulent Mixing in Open-Channel Flow,
Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 5, pp.59-78, 1973.
2) Webel, G., Schatzmann, M.: Transverse Mixing in Open Channel Flow, Journal of
Hydraulic Engineering, Vol. 110, No. 4, pp. 423-435, 1984.
11
(1, nj)
Inflow boundary
Outflow boundary
(ni,nj)
(1, 1)
(ni, 1)
i
Figure III-1 Grid cell modeling
Boundary conditions need to be set for each four lines of a grid.
- "[Inflow Boundary Conditions]" mean the boundary conditions of the
line between (1, 1) and (1, nj) of the grid. The line between (1, 1) and
(1, nj) must be set as [Inflow]. Here, "discharge," which is necessary
for calculation, is given.
- "Boundary conditions for j=1" means the boundary conditions of the
line between (1, 1) and (ni, 1) of the grid. Either [Inflow] or [Outflow]
can be set for the line between (1, 1) and (ni, 1).
- "Boundary conditions for j=nj" means the boundary conditions of the
line between (1, nj) and (ni, nj) of the grid. Either [Inflow] or
[Outflow] can be set for the line between (1, nj) and (ni, nj).
12
13
14
Item
Notice
The same time unit is
applied for time series of
inflow discharges from the
bank sides and the water
surface elevation at the
downstream end.
Time unit of
discharge/water
surface file
Boundary
Conditions for
j=1
Boundary
Conditions for
j=nj
Water surface at
the downstream
Constant value
(m)
Stage at
downstream time
series
Notes:
1) Grid cells not specified as "Inflow" cells are regarded as "Wall."
2) "Wall" means a boundary condition where no inflow/outflow occurs.
3) Free outflow means the simulation results for the grid cell adjacent to the boundary
grid cell are given to the boundary grid cell as its boundary condition.
15
Item
Initial water
surface profile
Initial water
surface slope of
main channel
Notice
16
Item
Notice
17
Important parameter
to determine the
efficiency and
stability of
calculation.
Item
Finite differential
method of advection
terms
Maximum number of
iterations of water
surface calculation
Relaxation
coefficient for water
surface calculation
Minimum water
depth
Notice
<References>
3) Yabe, T., Ishikawa, T.: A Numerical Cubic-Interpolated Pseudoparticle(CIP)
Method without Time Splitting Technique for Hyperbokic Equations, Journal of the
Physical Society of Japan, Col.59, No.7, pp.2301-2304, 1990.
18
19
Item
Name
Color
Transparent
20
Notice
21
22
2
8
4
9
Inflow rivers 1 to 5
Notes:
1) For [Inflow Boundary Conditions], input the number ? of the grid cell (1, ?).
2) For boundary conditions for j=1, input the number ? of the grid cell (?, 1).
3) For boundary conditions of j=nj, input number ? of grid cell (?, nj).
Figure IV-1 Example of input file for grid cell number of inflow
23
Inflow boundary
Outflow boundary
(ni,nj)
(1, 1)
Discharge of
inflow river 1
(m3/s)
100
140
Discharge of
inflow river 2
(m3/s)
200
300
Discharge of
inflow river 3
(m3/s)
20
40
Discharge of
inflow river 4
(m3/s)
200
250
Discharge of
inflow river 5
(m3/s)
60
80
24
Discharge of
inflow river 2
(m3/s)
200
300
Discharge of
inflow river 3
(m3/s)
20
40
Discharge of
inflow river 4
(m3/s)
200
250
Discharge of
inflow river 5
(m3/s)
60
80
Note: The time data of [Inflow Boundary Conditions] (IV of Chapter 2) is used for the
time column of the discharge file of a bank opening.
Figure IV-4 Example of discharge file (Boundary conditions for banks)
25
To Reader
Please indicate that using the iRIC software, if you publish a paper
with
the results using the iRIC software.
The datasets provided at the Web site are sample data. Therefore you
can use it for a test computation.
Let us know your suggestions, comments and concerns at
http://i-ric.org.
iRIC Software
Nays2D Flood Solver Manual
Editors and
writers
Supported by
26
Editing
Editing
Editing
Writing
Writing
Writing