CIVL2611IntroductoryFluidMechanics

CIVL5505FoundationsofIntroductoryFluidMechanics

Tutorial 7 Solutions
Question 1:
60 cm

3 mm

5 cm

10 m/s

The flow exits radially. We assume axisymmetric flow condition. The flow rate into the pipe
equals the flow rate out between the plates. That is,

Q1 Q2
where

Q1 v1 A1 10

0.052
4

0.0196 m 3 /s

Therefore, the total flow rate is 0.0196 m /s. The exit velocity can be obtained as follows:

Q2 v2 A2

v2

v2

Q2 Q1

A2 A2

0.0196
1.736 m/s
2 0.6 0.003

Question 2:

25 m/s

5 cm

200 kg/s
7 cm

Conservation of mass requires

Q1 Q2 Q3
The mass flow rate at is 200 kg/s, and thus the volumetric flow rate is

Q1

200
0.2 m3 /s
998

The flow rate at is

Q2 v2 A2 25

0.052
4

0.0491 m3 /s

Therefore, the flow rate at is

Q3 Q1 Q2 0.2 0.0491 0.151 m3 /s

Question 3:

The total flow rate is

Q vA 3 2 1.5 2 1.5 1.5 15.75 m3 /s

2

(a) The pipe flows full

Q vA 2

d2

2Q

2 15.75

3.167 m

(b) The pipe flows half full

d2
2
Q vA 2
4

4Q

4 15.75

4.48 m

(c) The pipe flows with a depth of half the radius

Consider the shaded area as shown. The area is calculated as

R2
sin
A
2

where

cos

R2 1

R
2

2
3

120 o

Thus,
A

R2 2
o
2
sin 120 0.6142 R
2 3

The radius of the pipe is determined as below:

Q vA 0.6142vR 2

Q
15.75

3.58 m
0.6142v
0.6142 2

So the diameter of the pipe is

d = 2R = 7.16 m

Question 4:

Control
volume
2 cm

10 cm
3 m/s

A control volume (CV) is identified as shown. For the CV under steady flow condition,

. n dA 0

CV

On the surface ,

. n 1 3 m/s
On the surface ,

. n 2
Thus,

3 A1 v2 A2 0

3 A1 3 0.12 4

v2
75 m/s
A2
0.02 2 4

The flow rate is calculated as

Q v1 A1 v2 A2
3

0.12
4

0.0236 m 3 /s

Question 5:

Consider the control volume as shown. For steady flow of dry air,

m 3 m 2, dry air
For steady flow of water,
m 1 m 2, water m 4

Also,
m 2 m 2, dry air m 2, water

From the above equations we obtained the rate of water evaporation as

m 2, water m 2 m 3 20 19 1 kg/s

And the rate of cooled water flow as

m 4 m 1 m 2, water 31.5 1 30.5 kg/s

Question 6:

The problem may be sketched below:

1, Q1

2, Q2

Consider a fixed non-deforming control volume that contains the water mixture in the 200 L
drum. Freshwater enters the control volume with density 1 and volume flow rate Q1. The
mixture is assumed to be homogeneous throughout the control volume and leaves the control
volume with density 2 and volume flow rate Q2.
Since the fluids involved are incompressible, Q1 = Q2 = Q. Also the volume of the control
volume VCV is constant. Application of the conservation of mass equation to the flow through
the control volume yields

CV
volume

2
dV . n dA 0
t
CV
surface

VCV

d 2
1 . n dA 2 . n dA 0
dt Surface
Surface 2
1

VCV

d 2
d 2
1 1 A1 2 2 A2 VCV
1Q 2Q 0
dt
dt

Since 1 is constant, the above equation can be rewritten as

d 2
Q
2 1

dt
VCV

d 2 1
Q
2 1

dt
VCV

The solution of the above equation is

2 1 Ce

Q
t
VCV

At t = 0, 1 = 1000 kg/m3 and 2 = 1026 kg/m3. Substituting 1 and 2 into above equation
yields

C = 26 kg/m3.
Therefore,

2 1 Ce

Q
t
VCV

1000 26 e

2 1000 26 e 0.01t (kg/m 3 )

where t is in seconds in the above solution.

2
t
200