Hillary Clinton's Tech Initiative

Factsheets
From https://www.hillaryclinton.com/briefing/factsheets/2016/06/27/hillary-clintons-initiative-ontechnology-innovation/
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Todays dynamic and competitive global economy demands an ambitious

national commitment to technology, innovation and entrepreneurship.
America led the world in the internet revolution, and, today, technology and
the internet are transforming nearly every sector of our economyfrom
manufacturing and transportation, to energy and healthcare. Hillary Clintons
priority is to harness the power of technology and innovation so that it works
for all Americans, creating good-paying jobs throughout the country. Doing
this right will not only boost economic growth, it will lead to immeasurable
social benefitshome monitoring options for seniors will improve health
outcomes and relieve pressures on family members; interoperable and nextgeneration public safety systems will mean faster response times and safer
communities; smarter transportation networks will lead to less congestion,
Hillary Clintons Initiative on Technology

& Innovation
fewer accidents, and lower energy costs; and widely-deployed digital

infrastructure will allow for wrap-around learning for our students in the
home and in our schools. Hillary believes that with the right public policies,
we can ensure that technology is a force for broad-based growth, reducing
social and economic inequality, and securing American leadership on the
global stage.
Today, Hillary is announcing a Tech & Innovation Agenda with five key
parts. First, her plan will leverage technology to create good-paying jobs on
Main Streetthrough new commitments in computer science and STEM
education, support for entrepreneurial ecosystems, and other policies to build
the human capital pipeline. Second, her plan will deliver high-speed
broadband to all Americans, hook up public places like airports and stations
and enable them to offer free WiFiand lay the groundwork for the next
generation of the mobile internet and the Internet of Things. Third, her
agenda will ensure America remains the global leader in technology, by
promoting more high-tech exports and ensuring the free flow of data. Fourth,
her plan will establish rules of the road to support innovationrules that
foster healthy competition, reduce barriers to entry, and effectively protect
intellectual propertywhile safeguarding privacy and security. Fifth, her plan
will make our government smarter, more efficient, and more responsive, using
new technologies to deliver real results for the American people.
BUILDING THE TECH ECONOMY ON MAIN STREET
Hillarys technology agenda is focused on creating good jobs in communities
across America. Entrepreneurship and innovation are fundamental to our
future economic growthnot just in the information technology (IT) industry,
but in energy, manufacturing, transportation, health, retail, services, and
countless other sectors. New technologies are already transforming our
economy, and they have the power to generate trillions in economic
output. Hillary believes we must harness these forces so that they create
higher-paying jobs across the country, bring more people into the workforce,
and reduce inequality. To do this, we need to educate our people and train our
workforce; support entrepreneurship and promote inclusion in the digital
economy; attract and retain talented people from all over the world; and
invest in research and development, as well as in getting ideas to market.
Specifically, Hillary will:
Invest in Computer Science and STEM Education: A new
generation of potential scientists, engineers, coders, and
mathematicians are learning in classrooms across America right now.
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Provide Every Student in America an Opportunity to Learn Computer

Science: Hillary supports the Obama Administrations Computer
Science Education for All initiative to ensure that all public school
students in America have access to rigorous computer science education
by the time they graduate within 5 years. Hillary will build on the
Administrations initiative by launching the next generation of Investing
in Innovation (i3) grantsas sustained in the Every Student Succeeds
Act (ESSA) as the Education Innovation and Research Program. She will
double our investment in the program, and establish a 50 percent setaside for scaling CS Education innovations. These new computer science
grants (CS-i3 grants) will help scale instruction and lesson programs
that are demonstrated to improve student achievement or increase
college enrollment and completion in CS Ed fieldshelping us prepare
the diverse tech workforce of tomorrow.
Engage the Private Sector and Nonprofits to Train up to 50,000

Computer Science Teachers in the Next Decade: Hillary will launch an
initiative to expand the pool of computer science teachersboth
through recruiting new teachers into the field, and through helping
current teachers gain additional trainingso that we train an additional
50,000 CS teachers in the next ten years. To deliver on this goal, Hillary
will commit federal financial aid, assistance to professional development
programs, and support for public-private partnerships. Shell work to
improve CS Education certification pathways, and to broaden ongoing
learning opportunities for CS teachers so they can remain up to date on
the cutting edge developments in the field.
Other STEM Investments: Hillary believes that strong STEM

programming in every public school is critical to our nations success,
and to reducing economic and social inequality. Yet today, less than
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But too few are getting the high-quality education they need to succeed,
especially in computer science and STEM fields. Less than one in five
high school students has ever taken a computer science coursea figure
that has fallen by 24 percent over the past two decades[2]and only 7%
of our nations high schools even offer the Advanced Placement course
in Computer Science.[3] Meanwhile, there were over half a million
good-paying tech jobs unfilled last year[4]and by 2020, there will be
1.4 million computer-science related jobs in America, with only 400,000
computer science graduates to fill them.[5] When our young people
arent learning cutting-edge skills, this not only holds them back, but
limits our collective potential as a nation. That is why Hillary will:
Build the Human Talent Pipeline for 21st Century Jobs: Todays
economy requires more agile, adaptable, and technologically literate
workers than ever before. People of all ages need continued access to a
range of higher education and training opportunitiesearly career, midcareer, and even late-careerso that they can keep up with changes in
technology and industry, and shift fields or move up in their fields.
Employers also need a better mechanism for communicating to job
seekers and educational institutions what sorts of skills and
competencies they are looking for. In short, we need a lifelong learning
system that is better tailored to the 21st century economyone that
enables ongoing skills building, emphasizes portable and performancebased credentials, and enables employers, job seekers, and education
providers to be in constant communication. To do that, Hillary will:
Open up the Higher Education and Job Training Landscape: Hillarys

College Compact dedicates $10 billion in federal funding to enable
students to participate in promising new programssuch as
nanodegrees, accelerated learning programs for computer coding, career
and technical training, certificates for specializations, and online
learning. Companies are already partnering with universities and
education providers to create degree programs outside of traditional
settings, so that students can obtain skills directly relevant to career
placements. Hillary will enable students to use federal student aid in
these types of new programs, as long as they are accountable and have
proven track records of success. And she will establish incentives for
colleges and universities to accept these kinds of alternative learning
programs as credit toward graduation.
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40% of high school graduates have taken a physics course[6]and the

lack of STEM programming is even more pronounced in schools with
high concentrations of students of color.[7] Hillarys Department of
Education will help to reverse this by supporting states, cities, and
charters in developing innovative schools such as Denvers School of
Science and Technology and the Science Leadership Academy of
Philadelphia, which have produced impressive results and engaged
under-represented populations in science and technology. Grants could
also be used to redesign high schools to focus more on STEM education;
support local efforts to implement makerspaces, maker fairs, or
robotics competitions in schools and after-school programs; or to help
districts build partnerships with local universities and the private sector
to improve STEM education, such as the partnership in the Cleveland
Metropolitan School District.
Reboot Job Training Around Industry Needs and Job

Credentials: Hillary will create a competitive grant program to support
state and regional public-private partnerships that develop methods to
tailor job training opportunities to match labor demands in technologydriven industries. Several promising initiatives point the way forward
including Colorados Business and Schools in Collaboration (BASIC),
the Markle Foundations Skillful initiative, and the TechHire platform
run by Opportunity@Work at New America. She would pay particular
attention to supporting the development and use of advanced training
technologiesapplications that reduce the time needed for workers to
gain the skills that are a ticket to a middle class job. In a parallel effort,
Hillary will instruct the Department of Labor to modernize its system of
cataloging in-demand job skills, so that there is better informationsharing between employers, job seekers, and education providers about
the credentials and competencies employers are seeking.
Diversify the Tech Workforce: Hillary will put a special emphasis on

minority and women advancement in the fields of research, technology,
and engineering. She believes we must break down the barriers to full
and equal participation by all groups in the 21st century economy
particularly in cutting-edge sectors. This isnt only the right thing to do,
its the smart thing to do: diversifying the tech workforce can generate
an additional $500 billion in new value for the technology industry,
boosting GDP by up to 1.6%. [8] Hillarys college plan creates a $25
billion fund to support colleges that serve minority students, such as
Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) and Minority
Serving Institutions (MSIs). Hillary will also invest $20 billion in youth
jobs and pathways for individuals from disadvantaged communities
through support for models like linked learning, P-Tech,
apprenticeships, and Career Academies.
Increase Access to Capital for Growth-Oriented Small

Businesses and Start-Ups, with a Focus on Minority, Women,
and Young Entrepreneurs:Technological innovation and job
creation is often driven by smaller companies and start-upstoday,
small businesses create two out of every three new jobs.[9] But the
percentage of bank loans that have gone to small businesses has
declined by one-third since 2000; venture capital funding is highly
clusteredwith 70% of all VC funding going to three states, 40% going
to one region , 7% going to firms with women founders, and a mere 1%
directed to African-American women founders.[11] The result is that too
few Americans are benefiting from the opportunity to access capital and
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Build Local Tech-Driven Economies by Investing in Entrepreneurs and

Small Businesses:Hillary wants to see innovation clusters and
entrepreneurship hubs, like Silicon Valley, emerge and thrive across the
country. She is committed to supporting incubators, accelerators,
mentoring and training for 50,000 entrepreneurs in underserved areas.
And she is committed to investing new federal resources in the growth
of small businesses in these areasby extending and making permanent
the New Markets Tax Credit, doubling Treasurys investment in the
Community Development Financial Institutions (CDFI) Fund, doubling
the State Small Business Credit Initiative (SSBCI), and building publicprivate partnerships to invest in local innovation. Hillary believes that
by supporting entrepreneurs in all types of communities, we can
catalyze innovation hubs across the country, encourage talent and
capital to invest in their communities, and build thriving local
economies.
Defer Student Loans to Help Young Entrepreneurs: A smaller

proportion of millennials today are starting new ventures as compared
to their predecessors.[12] This is not for a lack of desiremore than half
of Americas millennials say they want to start a businessbut barriers
like student debt and a lack of access to credit are holding young people
back.[13] Hillary is committed to breaking down barriers and leveling
the playing field for entrepreneurs and innovators who are launching
their own start-ups. Hillary will allow entrepreneurs to put their federal
student loans into a special status while they get their new ventures off
the ground. For millions of young Americans, this would mean
deferment from having to make any payments on their student loans for
up to three yearszero interest and zero principalas they work
through the critical start-up phase of new enterprises. Hillary will
explore a similar deferment incentive not just to founders of enterprises,
but to early joiners such as the first 10 or 20 employees. Additionally,
for young innovators who decide to launch either new businesses that
operate in distressed communities, or social enterprises that provide
measurable social impact and benefit, she will offer forgiveness of up to
$17,500 of their student loans after five years.
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put their job-creating ideas to the test. Hillary will support

entrepreneurship ecosystems in all parts of the country, with the federal
government playing its part to increase access to capital for SMEs and
start-ups, especially for minority, women and young entrepreneurs.
Hillary will:
Invest in Science and Technology R&D and Make Tech

Transfer Easier: Hillary believes the benefits of government
investment in research and development (R&D) are profound and
irrefutablethey generated the science that spawned the internet and
the Human Genome Project, and have helped spark lucrative new
industries and countless high-paying jobs. Yet, federal funding for R&D
as a share of GDP is lower than before Sputnik.[14] As President, Hillary
will look to grow the research budgets of entities like the National
Science Foundation, the Department of Energy, and DARPA, so that we
can tackle big challengeslike ensuring America continues to lead the
world in High Performance Computing, green energy, and machine
learning. Hillary will also make technology transfer easier and more
efficient, as getting ideas to market is the catalyst for scaling
innovations. She will support setting aside a small portion of federal
research budgets for commercialization capacity building and
accelerator grants, and expand proven models like the Regional
Innovation Program and the NSF I-Corps program.
Ensure Benefits are Flexible, Portable, and Comprehensive as

Work Changes:The digital economy is creating exciting opportunities
for Americans to join the labor force in new capacities. It is enabling
people to offer their services as freelancers and contractors, to earn
extra cash through flexible and part-time work and assorted gigs, and to
connect with customers and clients all over the country. These changes
Attract and Retain the Top Talent from Around the World: Our
immigration system is plagued by visa backlogs and other barriers that
prevent high-skilled workers and entrepreneurs from coming to, staying
in, and creating jobs in America. Far too often, we require talented
persons from other countries who are trained in U.S. universities to
return home, rather than stay in here and continue to contribute to our
economy. As part of a comprehensive immigration solution, Hillary
would staple a green card to STEM masters and PhDs from accredited
institutionsenabling international students who complete degrees in
these fields to move to green card status. Hillary will also support startup visas that allow top entrepreneurs from abroad to come to the
United States, build companies in technology-oriented globally traded
sectors, and create more jobs and opportunities for American workers.
Immigrant entrepreneurs would have to obtain a commitment of
financial support from U.S. investors before obtaining the visa, and
would have to create a certain number of jobs and reach performance
benchmarks in order to pursue a green card.
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in the economy are also presenting new questions about the future of
work in America, and about how to ensure that we have adequate
protections for workers and families. Hillary believes that as our
economy changes and more Americans take advantage of new work
opportunities, the government must do all that it can to ensure that
benefits are flexible, portable, and comprehensive. The Affordable Care
Act, which created a subsidized health insurance alternative for millions
of Americans who dont have insurance through their employers, made
an enormous difference in ensuring health security. We must consider
more ways in which the government can build the next era safety net in
other areas. Hillary will convene a high level working group of experts,
business and labor leaders to recommend how best to ensure that
people have the benefits and security they need no matter how they
work.
INVESTING IN WORLD-CLASS DIGITAL INFRASTRUCTURE
Hillary believes that high-speed internet connectivity is not a luxury; it is a
necessity for economic success and social mobility in a 21st century economy.
Despite considerable progress and private investment in the last eight years to
close the digital divide, there remains work to be done. Millions of American
households, particularly in rural areas, still lack access to any fixed broadband
provider, around 30% of households across America have not adopted
broadband (with much higher levels in low-income communities), and
American consumers pay more for high-speed plans than consumers in some
other advanced nations. For years, Hillary has fought to deliver connectivity
to all Americans. As President, she will finish the job of connecting every
household in America to high-speed broadband, increase internet adoption,
and help hook up anchor institutions so they can offer free WiFi to the public.
Hillary will also take action to help America widely deploy 5G technologythe
next generation wireless service that will not only bring faster internet
connections to underserved areas, but will enable the Internet of Things and a
host of transformative technologies. Hillary will:
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Close the Digital Divide: Hillary will finish the job of connecting
Americas households to the internet, committing that by 2020, 100
percent of households in America will have the option of affordable
broadband that delivers speeds sufficient to meet families needs. She
will deliver on this goal with continue investments in the Connect
America Fund, Rural Utilities Service program, and Broadband
Technology Opportunities Program (BTOP), and by directing federal
agencies to consider the full range of technologies as potential
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Launch a Model Digital Communities Grant Program: By

leveraging the $25 billion Infrastructure Bank she plans to establish,
Hillary will create a new competitive grant program to give cities,
regions, and states incentives to create a model digital community.
The end goal is simple: encourage localities to undertake actions that
foster greater access to high-speed internet for their residents at
affordable priceswhether through fiber, wireless, satellite, or other
technologies. Regions would come forward with proposals, and grants
would be awarded based on impact assessment. Qualifying proposals
might seek to:
Reduce regulatory barriers to the private provision of broadband

services: Localities may seek to stimulate more investment by current or
new service providers by streamlining permitting processes, allowing
nondiscriminatory access to existing infrastructure such as conduits and
poles, pursuing climb once policies to eliminate delays, or facilitating
demand aggregation.
Coordinate the development of broadband infrastructure with other

municipal services:Localities may seek to develop information and maps
about existing infrastructure and pursue dig once policies, where the
development of broadband infrastructure (i.e., dark fiber) is coordinated
with the development and maintenance of other municipal
infrastructure and joint trenching is enabled where appropriate.
Develop public-private partnerships for broadband: Hillary will explore

ways that targeted uses of the Infrastructure Bank could favorably
change the economics of private capital investment in existing or new
broadband networks. This approach opens the door to upgrading
networks, filling gaps in underserved areas, and new models of publicprivate partnerships, such as in Huntsville, Alabama and Westminster,
Maryland.
Connect More Anchor Institutions to High-Speed Internet: To

fully realize the benefits of the internet today, people need a continuum
of connectivitythe ability to get online in their homes and offices, but
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recipientsi.e., fiber, fixed wireless, and satellitewhile focusing on

areas that lack any fixed broadband networks currently. Hillary also
backs the FCCs decision to extend Lifeline support to broadband, and
she will work to connect this policy with community-based programs
that help citizens with enrollment, offer digital literacy training and
expand access to low-cost devices.
Deploy 5G Wireless and Next Generation Wireless

Systems: Americas world-leading rollout of 4G wireless networks in
the first half of this decade has been a success story for policy-makers,
industry, and American consumers. The Obama Administration played a
key role by repurposing spectrum and auctioning licenses, as well as by
making new spectrum available for unlicensed technologies. Hillary will
accelerate this progress and help foster the evolution to 5G, small cell
solutions, and other next-generation systems that can deliver faster
wireless connections. Widely deployed 5G networks, and new
unlicensed and shared spectrum technologies, are essential platforms
that will support the Internet of Things, smart factories, driverless cars,
and much moredevelopments with enormous potential to create jobs
and improve peoples lives. Hillary will:
Reallocate and Repurpose Spectrum for Next Generation Uses: Hillary

will enhance the efficient use of spectrum by accelerating the process of
identifying underutilized bands, including ones now used by the federal
government, that can become more valuable under revised regulatory
regimes. She will focus on the full range of spectrum use policies
including new allocations for licensed mobile broadband, as well as
unlicensed and shared spectrum approaches. She believes that creative
uses of shared/non-exclusive uses of spectrum could unleash a new
wave of innovation in wireless broadband technologies and the Internet
of Things, much as WiFi did in the first generation of digital services.
Foster a Civic Internet of Things through Public Investments: Hillary

will dedicate federal research funding to test-bedding, field trials, and
other public-private endeavors to speed the deployment of next
generation wireless networks and a civic Internet of Things.
Governments around the world are already investing billions of dollars
in developing and commercializing 5G technologies, and Hillary wants
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also in schools, libraries, transit systems, and other public spaces. Over
the last few years, the E-rate program, launched under President Bill
Clinton and updated under President Obama, as well as the BTOP
program, have brought ultra-speed, fiber-optic broadband to schools
and libraries nationwide. Hillary will expand this concept to additional
anchor institutions by investing new federal resources. This would
enable recreation centers, public buildings like one-stop career centers,
and transportation infrastructure such as train stations, airports, and
mass transit systems, to access to high-speed internet and provide free
WiFi to the public.
American companies to lead the world in wireless innovation. Her

investments will aim at using advanced wireless and data innovation to
drive social priorities in a range of areas, such as public safety, health
care, environmental management, traffic congestion, and social welfare
services.
ADVANCING AMERICAS GLOBAL LEADERSHIP IN TECH &
INNOVATION
Fight for an Open Internet Abroad: As Secretary of State, Hillary

boldly chose to elevate Internet Freedom to the top levels of American
foreign policy and crystallized the issue in the international community
as a contest between the values of open and closed societies. She
embraced the power of technology as an asset of American leadership
and an instrument of American ideals in the world. She will continue
this work as President fighting for Internet Freedom and insisting on
the responsibility of all nations to respect free speech and human rights
online, as well as the open flow of data across borders and access to
digital markets. She will oppose efforts to block or degrade internet
access or to shutdown social media, and she will stand with likeminded
countries against efforts by countries like China or Russia to create a
balkanized internet run by governments.
Promote Multi-Stakeholder Internet Governance: Hillary

believes that internet governance the coordination of the technical
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Hillarys technology agenda promotes American values and interests in the

world. In the knowledge-based 21st century global economy, the most
technically proficient economies will be the most prosperous. Hillarys plan
pairs our economic interests with our democratic values. We must position
American innovators to lead the world in the next generation of technology
revolutions from autonomous vehicles to machine learning to public service
blockchain applications and we must defend universal access to the global,
digital marketplace of ideas. But we face challenges to both of these goals.
There is fierce global competition in the global tech economy. And there are
many countries that would rather regulate than innovate, or who do not shy
from closing off markets, forcing technology transfer from U.S. innovators, or
even shutting down the internet. From her time as Secretary of State, Hillary
was the champion of Internet Freedom and advancing technological
innovation as part of foreign policy. She understands the interrelationship
between these issues and will advance American interests effectively. Hillary
will:
Grow American Technology Exports: America leads the world in

technology exports, including in information technology hardware,
software, and services. Hillary will continue to fight for American
exports abroadas she did during her tenure as Secretary of Stateto
support jobs and innovation here at home. To prevent foreign countries
from abusing the rules and taking advantage of American workers and
businesses, she will advance Export Control Reform, pursue policies to
protect U.S. trade secrets and IP, and resist calls for forced tech transfer
or localization of data. She will also build on the Obama
Administrations efforts to stop Chinas cyber-enabled economic
espionage and ensure that China adheres to its international
commitments. And she will oppose trade agreements, like the TransPacific Partnership, unless they meet her high test of creating goodpaying American jobs, raising incomes, and enhancing our national
security.
Promote Cyber-Security at Home and Abroad: Hillary will

support efforts to strengthen cybersecurity, both for government
networks and for the private sector. Cybersecurity is essential to our
economic and national security, and it will only become increasingly
important as more commercial, consumer, and government devices are
networked. She supports expanded investment in cybersecurity
technologies, as well as public-private collaboration on cybersecurity
innovation, responsible information sharing on cyber threats, and
accelerated adoption of best practices such as the National Institute of
Standards and Technology Cybersecurity Framework. To ensure a
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systems that allow the internet to function seamlessly across the globe
should be left to the global community of engineers, companies, civil
society groups, and internet users, and not to governments. That is why
as Secretary of State she championed the multistakeholder approach
to internet governance and vigorously fought back against efforts by
national governments to control the internet through government-led
multilateral organizations, such as the International
Telecommunications Union. She supports the Department of
Commerces plans to formally transition its oversight role in the
management of the Domain Name System to the global community of
stakeholders, viewing the transition as a critical step towards
safeguarding the internets openness for future generations. She will
continue to fight to defend the internet from government takeover and
to empower those internet governance organizations that advance
internet openness, freedom, and technical innovation.
coherent strategy across federal agencies, she will build on the Obama
Administrations Cybersecurity National Action Plan, especially the
empowerment of a federal Chief Information Security Officer, the
modernization of federal IT, and upgrades to government-wide
cybersecurity.
Safeguard the Free Flow of Information Across Borders: The

power of the internet is in part its global nature. Yet increasing numbers
of countries have closed off their digital borders or are insisting on data
localization to attempt to maintain control or unfairly advantage their
own companies. When Hillary was Secretary of State, the United States
led the world in safeguarding the free flow of information including
through the adoption by the OECD countries of the first Internet
Policymaking Principles. Hillary supports efforts such as the U.S.-EU
Privacy Shield to find alignment in national data privacy laws and
protect data movement across borders. And she will promote the free
flow of information in international fora.
Update Procedures Concerning Cross-Border Requests for

Data by Law Enforcement: Hillary recognizes the need for updated,
streamlined, and privacy-protective procedures for the sharing of data
across borders in response to legitimate law enforcement investigations.
The current system for fulfilling governmental requests for data which
centers on the Mutual Legal Assistance Treaty (MLAT) processis
cumbersome and time consuming. This system encourages data
localization, the use of surreptitious means of accessing sought-after
data, and unilateral assertions that often put U.S.-based companies in
the middle of conflicting legal regimes. Hillary will seek to modernize
the MLAT process, in keeping with the recommendations of the
Presidents Review Group on Intelligence and Communications
Technologies, and pursue agreements with likeminded countries to
allow for law enforcement agencies to obtain data across borders in a
manner that respects privacy, security and human rights.
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Hillary believes the government has an important role to play in laying a

foundation for broad-based innovation and economic growthby reducing
regulatory barriers to entry, promoting healthy competition, and ensuring our
IP laws effectively reward creators while allowing for additional
experimentation. At the same time, she believes we should be ensuring that
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SETTING RULES OF THE ROAD TO PROMOTE INNOVATION

WHILE PROTECTING PRIVACY
Reduce Barriers to Entry and Promote Healthy

Competition: Hillary believes that federal, state, and local
governments all have a role to play in laying down rules of the road that
foster innovation, promote healthy competition, and protect consumers.
Hillary will:
Appoint a Chief Innovation Advisor to Reduce Federal Regulatory

Barriers: Hillary will make the reduction of regulatory barriers to
developing new products and services a top priority of the Office of
Management and Budgets Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs
by appointing a Chief Innovation Advisor to that office. This Chief
Innovation Advisor would spearhead reforms across the government
such as that spurred by the bipartisan FDA Safety and Innovation
Act, which created a pathway for the quicker approval of medical device
innovations to catalyze technological development.
Encourage States and Localities to Reduce Barriers to Entry: Hillary will

challenge state and local governments to identify, review, and reform
legal and regulatory obligations that protect legacy incumbents against
new innovators. Examples include state regulations governing
automotive dealers that stifle innovation and restrict market access, or
local rules governing utility-pole access that restrain additional fiber and
small cell broadband deployment.
Empower Federal Enforcement Authorities to Promote

Competition: Hillary supports President Obamas recent Executive
Order, directing all agencies to identify specific actions they can take in
their areas of jurisdiction to detect anticompetitive practicessuch as
tying arrangements, price fixing, and exclusionary conductand to refer
practices that appear to violate federal antitrust law to the DOJ and
FTC.
Defend Net Neutrality: Hillary believes that the government has an

obligation to protect the open internet. The open internet is not only
essential for consumer choice and civic empowerment it is a
cornerstone of start-up innovation and creative disruption in technology
markets. Hillary strongly supports the FCC decision under the Obama
Administration to adopt strong network neutrality rules that deemed
internet service providers to be common carriers under Title II of the
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advances in technology and information technology protect individual privacy

and security. She will:
Improve the Patent System to Reward Innovators: Since our

countrys Founding, the United States patent system has been an envy of
the world and has helped propel inventions from the cotton gin to the
computer. Hillary will ensure the patent system continues to reward
innovators by enacting reforms to:
Reduce Excessive Patent Litigation: The Obama Administration made

critical updates to our patent system through the America Invents Act,
which created the Patent Trial and Appeals Board, and through other
efforts to rein in frivolous suits by patent trolls. But costly and abusive
litigation remains, which is why Hillary supports additional targeted
rule changes. She supports laws to curb forum shopping and ensure that
patent litigants have a nexus to the venue in which they are suing;
require that specific allegations be made in demand letters and
pleadings; and increase transparency in ownership by making patent
litigants disclose the real party in interest.
Strengthen the PTOs Operational Capacity: Hillary believes it is

essential that the PTO have the tools and resources it needs to act
expeditiously on patent applications and ensure that only valid patents
are issued. That is why she supports legislation to allow the PTO to
retain the fees it collects from patent applicants in a separate fund
ending the practice of fee diversion by Congress, and enabling the PTO
to invest funds left over from its annual operations in new technologies,
personnel, and training. Hillary also believes we should set a standard of
faster review of patent applications and clear out the backlog of patent
applications.
Effective Copyright Policy: Copyrights encourage creativity and

incentivize innovators to invest knowledge, time, and money into the
generation of myriad forms of content. However, the copyright system
has languished for many decades, and is in need of administrative
reform to maximize its benefits in the digital age. Hillary believes the
federal government should modernize the copyright system by
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Communications Act. These rules now ban broadband discrimination,

prohibit pay-for-play favoritism, and establish oversight of
interconnection relationships between providers. Hillary would
defend these rules in court and continue to enforce them. She also
maintains her opposition to policies that unnecessarily restrict the free
flow of data online such as the high profile fight over the Stop Online
Piracy Act (SOPA).
unlockingand facilitating access toorphan works that languished

unutilized, benefiting neither their creators nor the public. She will also
promote open-licensing arrangements for copyrighted material and data
supported by federal grant funding, including in education, science, and
other fields. She will seek to develop technological infrastructure to
support digitization, search, and repositories of such content, to
facilitate its discoverability and use. And she will encourage
stakeholders to work together on creative solutions that remove barriers
to the seamless and efficient licensing of content in the U.S. and abroad.
Commercial Data Privacy: Hillary believes advances in computing

like the rise of big data and the Internet of Things will yield
transformative benefits to people. But this future raises important
questions about privacy and fairness. Her policy approach to privacy
will affirm strong consumer protection values through effective
regulatory enforcement in an adaptive manner, encouraging high
standards in industry without stifling innovation. She will carry through
that approach globally to support data flows essential to the digital
economy.
Protect Online Privacy as well as Security: Hillary rejects the

false choice between privacy interests and keeping Americans safe. She
was a proponent of the USA Freedom Act, and she supports Senator
Mark Warner and Representative Mike McCauls idea for a national
commission on digital security and encryption. This commission will
work with the technology and public safety communities to address the
needs of law enforcement, protect the privacy and security of all
Americans that use technology, assess how innovation might point to
new policy approaches, and advance our larger national security and
global competitiveness interests.
SMARTER AND MORE INNOVATIVE GOVERNMENT
Make Government Simpler and More User Friendly: The

federal government too often operates with websites designed from
another era. They are too complicated, too hard to use, and rarely
designed for mobile phones or tablets. After the rocky release of
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16
Hillary believes that, beyond enabling innovation and economic growth, we

should look to technology and data to provide better services to the American
people, and make government smarter and more effective. Specifically, Hillary
will:
Make Digital Services a Permanent Priority for Federal Agencies: Hillary

will make the USDS and other digital services a permanent part of the
executive branch to ensure that technical innovation becomes an
ongoing feature of American governance. There should be a constant
flow of technology and design experts working to make it easier for
Americans to get affordable health insurance, apply for student loans, or
get the veterans benefits they deserve. Hillary will expand dedicated
Digital Service teams throughout federal agencies (including civil
servants and outside experts), and ensure that CIOs are part of this
innovation agenda. She will maintain support for other federal tech
programs18F, Innovation Fellows, and Innovation Labsand look to
them to develop a coordinated approach to tackling pressing technology
problems. She will also explore ways to leverage these capabilities to
help our state and local governments with their own tech issues and
agencies.
Transform the Top 25 citizen-facing Government Services: Hillary will

charge the USDS with transforming and digitizing the top 25 federal
government services that directly serve citizens. For each one, the USDS
would redesign them to meet the needs of citizens in the 21st century;
publish detailed performance and customer service metrics, including
creating a Yelp for government that allows for easy citizen rating; and
embrace the industry best practice of continuous site improvement.
Hillary will make sure that government delivers on results for citizens.
Eliminate Internal Barriers to Government Modernization: The federal

government uses cumbersome processes for buying information
technology and hiring technical experts. And it has outdated laws and
rules which impose internal impediments to building modern digital
servicesi.e., it can take many months to make simple changes to a
website or get a digital form approved. Hillary will streamline
procurement processes and get rid of unnecessary internal red tape that
prevents government from developing intuitive and personalized digital
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17
Healthcare.gov, the Obama Administration launched the U.S. Digital

Service, with a small group of technologists in the White House and the
vision of deploying small technology teams throughout federal agencies.
The U.S. Digital Service is already delivering resultsmaking it easier
for students and their families to compare college options, and easier for
applicants to file immigration forms. But USDS and similar programs
are only in their infancy. Hillary will:
Use the Best and Most Cost Effective Technology: The federal
government spends nearly $90 billion in information technology but the
American taxpayer doesnt get $90 billion in value. Hillary will make it
easier for the federal government to find, try, and buy innovative
technologyincluding open source software. She would also break large
federal IT projects into smaller pieces, so it will be easier to stop projects
that are over budget or failing to meet user needs, and also more feasible
for small and medium-sized businesses to support public service
projects.
Open up More Government Data for Public Uses: The Obama

Administration broke new ground in making open and machinereadable the default for new government information, launching
Data.gov and charging each agency with maintaining data as a valuable
asset. With more accessible datasets, entrepreneurs can create new
products and services, citizens can evaluate more effectively how the
government does it job, researchers can look for new insights and
government can work better. Hillary will continue and accelerate the
Administrations open data initiatives, including in areas such as health
care, education, and criminal justice. She would fully implement the
DATA Act to make government spending more transparent and
accountable to the American people, improving USASpending.gov so
that Americans can more accurately see how and where their taxpayer
dollars are spent. She would also bring an open data approach to
regulationmaking it easier for businesses to submit structured data
instead of documents, and bringing greater transparency to financial
and other markets so that regulators, watchdog groups, and the
American people can more easily identify fraud and illegal behavior.
Harden Federal Networks to Improve Cybersecurity: U.S.

government networks have long been subject to intrusions from hackers
with various affiliations and objectives. Hillary is committed to
increasing the security of our government networks, making it harder
for hackers to gain unauthorized access. She will prioritize the
enforcement of well-known cybersecurity standards, such as multifactor authentication, as well as the mitigation of risks from known
vulnerabilities. She will encourage government agencies to consider
innovative tools like bug bounty programs, modeled on the Defense
Departments recent Hack the Pentagon initiative, to encourage
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18
experience that they have come to expect from great consumer internet
companies.
hackers to responsibly disclose vulnerabilities they discover to the

government. And she will bolster the governments ability to test its
own defenses by increasing the capacity of elite, cleared government red
teams to help agencies find and fix vulnerabilities before hackers exploit
them.
Facilitate Citizen Engagement in Government Innovation: The

Obama Administration has encouraged agencies to use new approaches
to improve their functions and better serve the American people. In
turn, agencies are now using incentive prizes to uncover creative
solutions from citizen solvers, Idea Labs to empower front-line
employees, and flexible procurement authorities to engage startups.
Hillary will champion these strategies, putting innovation at the heart of
her management agenda. She will direct the members of her Cabinet to
increase the number of federal employees that identify and implement
new ideas from citizens and businesses to help government serve the
country more effectively.
Use Technology to Improve Outcomes and Drive Government

Accountability:Advances in data analytics, presentation, and
communications have driven a transformation in how modern
businesses track their performance, both internally and externally.
Data-driven dashboards that present an organizations goals and their
performance against those goals are increasingly the norm, as is the
open communication of this performance data to the entire
organization. The Obama Administration embraced this management
approach by creating performance.gov, which presents goals and
progress for major government agencies. Hillary will also embrace this
practice of prioritized goal setting and performance tracking for the
federal government. Her agenda and priorities would be clearly
articulated on performance.gov; progress against these goals would be
demonstrated, using up-to-date, real time data; and issues blocking
progress would be presented, along with action plans to address them.
By promoting this high type of transparency and accountability, and
leveraging technology to do so in a real-time manner, citizens will
develop greater confidence that their government is working for their
common good.
Manyika, James et al., Disruptive Technologies: Advances that will

Transform Life, Business, and The Global Economy, McKinsey Global
Institute, May
Page
19
[1]
2013.http://www.mckinsey.com/insights/business_technology/disruptive_te
chnologies.
[2] The Nations Report Card, Washington, D.C.: The National Center for
Education Statistics, Institute of Education Sciences, U.S. Department of
Education, 2011.
[3] Of the 42,000 public and private secondary schools, only 3,075 high
schools were accredited to teach AP Computer Science. For more information,
see Information Technology & Innovation Foundation, The Case for
Improving U.S. Computer Science Education (2016) and National Center for
Education Statistics, Table 91: Number of public school districts and public
and private elementary and secondary schools: Selected years, 1869-70
through 2009 -10 (2011).
[4] The White House, Computer Science for All, Jan.2016,
https://www.whitehouse.gov/blog/2016/01/30/computer-science-all.
[5] Nager, Adams and Atkinson, Robert, The Case for Improving U.S.
Computer Science Education, The Information Technology & Innovation
Foundation, May 2016.http://www2.itif.org/2016-computer-scienceeducation.pdf.
[6] http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED547651.pdf
[7] Gewertz, Catherine, Federal Data Show Unequal Access to Challenging
Math and Science Courses, Education Week, June 2016.
[8] Intel Corporation and Dalberg Global Development Advisors, Decoding
Diversity: The Financial and Economic Returns to Diversity in Tech (2016).
[9] Small Business Trends, The U.S. Small Business
Administration,https://www.sba.gov/managing-business/runningbusiness/energy-efficiency/sustainable-business-practices/small-businesstrends. See also: The Importance of Young Firms for Economic Growth, The
Kauffman Foundation, September 2015.
Mills, Karen, Three Keys to a Better U.S. Entrepreneur Economy, October
2013.http://karengmills.com/former-sba-chief-on-3-keys-to-a-better-u-sentrepreneur-economy/.
Page
20
[10]
[11] Andrew, Erin, Bridging the Gender Capital Gender Gap, The Small
Business Administration, May 2016. https://www.sba.gov/blogs/bridgingventure-capital-gender-gap.
[12] Steinberg, Sarah, Promoting Entrepreneurship Among Millennials, The
Center for American Progress, November
2014.https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/economy/report/2014/11/10
/100804/promoting-entrepreneurship-among-millennials/.
[13] Ibid. See also: http://www.consumerfinance.gov/data-research/researchreports/student-loan-affordability/
[14] Atkinson, Robert, Restoring Investment in Americas Economy,
Information Technology & Innovation Foundation, June 2016.
2015 Broadband Progress Report, Federal Communications Commission,
February 2015.https://www.fcc.gov/reports-research/reports/broadbandprogress-reports/2015-broadband-progress-report.
[15]
Community Based Broadband Solutions, The Executive Office of the

President, The White House, January
2015. https://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/docs/communitybased_broadband_report_by_executive_office_of_the_president.pdf.
[16]
International Broadband Data Report, Federal Communications

Commission, February 2015, at 9, 12,
https://apps.fcc.gov/edocs_public/attachmatch/DA-15-132A1.pdf.
Page
21
[17]

Hillary Clinton's Tech Initiative

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Todays dynamic and competitive global economy demands an ambitious

Hillary Clintons Initiative on Technology

fewer accidents, and lower energy costs; and widely-deployed digital

Provide Every Student in America an Opportunity to Learn Computer

Engage the Private Sector and Nonprofits to Train up to 50,000

Other STEM Investments: Hillary believes that strong STEM

Open up the Higher Education and Job Training Landscape: Hillarys

40% of high school graduates have taken a physics course[6]and the

Reboot Job Training Around Industry Needs and Job

Diversify the Tech Workforce: Hillary will put a special emphasis on

Increase Access to Capital for Growth-Oriented Small

Build Local Tech-Driven Economies by Investing in Entrepreneurs and

Defer Student Loans to Help Young Entrepreneurs: A smaller

put their job-creating ideas to the test. Hillary will support

Invest in Science and Technology R&D and Make Tech

Ensure Benefits are Flexible, Portable, and Comprehensive as

Launch a Model Digital Communities Grant Program: By

Reduce regulatory barriers to the private provision of broadband

Coordinate the development of broadband infrastructure with other

Develop public-private partnerships for broadband: Hillary will explore

Connect More Anchor Institutions to High-Speed Internet: To

recipientsi.e., fiber, fixed wireless, and satellitewhile focusing on

Deploy 5G Wireless and Next Generation Wireless

Reallocate and Repurpose Spectrum for Next Generation Uses: Hillary

Foster a Civic Internet of Things through Public Investments: Hillary

American companies to lead the world in wireless innovation. Her

Fight for an Open Internet Abroad: As Secretary of State, Hillary

Promote Multi-Stakeholder Internet Governance: Hillary

Hillarys technology agenda promotes American values and interests in the

Grow American Technology Exports: America leads the world in

Promote Cyber-Security at Home and Abroad: Hillary will

Safeguard the Free Flow of Information Across Borders: The

Update Procedures Concerning Cross-Border Requests for

Hillary believes the government has an important role to play in laying a

SETTING RULES OF THE ROAD TO PROMOTE INNOVATION

Reduce Barriers to Entry and Promote Healthy

Appoint a Chief Innovation Advisor to Reduce Federal Regulatory

Encourage States and Localities to Reduce Barriers to Entry: Hillary will

Empower Federal Enforcement Authorities to Promote

Defend Net Neutrality: Hillary believes that the government has an

advances in technology and information technology protect individual privacy

Improve the Patent System to Reward Innovators: Since our

Reduce Excessive Patent Litigation: The Obama Administration made

Strengthen the PTOs Operational Capacity: Hillary believes it is

Effective Copyright Policy: Copyrights encourage creativity and

Communications Act. These rules now ban broadband discrimination,

unlockingand facilitating access toorphan works that languished

Commercial Data Privacy: Hillary believes advances in computing

Protect Online Privacy as well as Security: Hillary rejects the

SMARTER AND MORE INNOVATIVE GOVERNMENT

Make Government Simpler and More User Friendly: The

Hillary believes that, beyond enabling innovation and economic growth, we

Make Digital Services a Permanent Priority for Federal Agencies: Hillary

Transform the Top 25 citizen-facing Government Services: Hillary will

Eliminate Internal Barriers to Government Modernization: The federal

Healthcare.gov, the Obama Administration launched the U.S. Digital

Open up More Government Data for Public Uses: The Obama

Harden Federal Networks to Improve Cybersecurity: U.S.

hackers to responsibly disclose vulnerabilities they discover to the

Facilitate Citizen Engagement in Government Innovation: The

Use Technology to Improve Outcomes and Drive Government

Manyika, James et al., Disruptive Technologies: Advances that will