VALLIAMMAIENGINEERINGCOLLEGE

SRMNagar,Kattankulathur603203.

DEPARTMENTOFELECTRONICS&COMMUNICATIONENGINEERING

EC6702OPTICALCOMMUNICATIONANDNETWORKS
QUESTIONBANK
IVYEARVIISEM
ACDEMICYEAR:20162017ODDSEMESTER

Preparedby

1.T.S.SHERIBA,AP/SGECE
2.S.SUBBULAKSHMI,AP/SGECE
3.A.G.MURALIKRISHNA,AP/OGECE

SUBJECT

:EC6702OPTICALCOMMUNICATIONANDNETWORKS

SEM/YEAR:VII/IVyearB.E.

OBJECTIVES:

Tofacilitatetheknowledgeaboutopticalfibersourcesandtransmissiontechniques

ToEnrichtheideaofopticalfibernetworksalgorithmsuchasSONET/SDHandoptical
CDMA.

Toexplorethetrendsofopticalfibermeasurementsystems.

UNITIINTRODUCTIONTOOPTICALFIBERS

EvolutionoffiberopticsystemElementofanOpticalFiberTransmissionlinkTotalinternal
reflectionAcceptanceangleNumericalapertureSkewraysRayOpticsOpticalFiberModes
and Configurations Mode theory of Circular Wave guides Overview of ModesKey Modal
conceptsLinearlyPolarizedModesSingleModeFibersGradedIndexfiberstructure.

UNITIISIGNALDEGRADATIONOPTICALFIBERS

AttenuationAbsorptionlosses,Scatteringlosses,BendingLosses,CoreandCladdinglosses,
Signal Distortion in Optical Wave guidesInformation Capacity determination Group Delay
MaterialDispersion,WaveguideDispersion,SignaldistortioninSMfibersPolarizationMode
dispersion, Intermodal dispersion, Pulse Broadening in GI fibersMode Coupling Design
OptimizationofSMfibersRIprofileandcutoffwavelength.

UNITIIIFIBEROPTICALSOURCESANDCOUPLING

Direct and indirect Band gap materialsLED structures Light source materials Quantum
efficiencyandLEDpower,ModulationofaLED,lasersDiodesModesandThresholdcondition
Rate equationsExternal Quantum efficiency Resonant frequencies Laser Diodes,
Temperatureeffects,IntroductiontoQuantumlaser,FiberamplifiersPowerLaunchingand
coupling, Lencing schemes, Fiber to Fiber joints, Fiber splicingSignal to Noise ratio ,
Detectorresponsetime.

UNITIVFIBEROPTICRECEIVERANDMEASUREMENTS

Fundamental receiver operation, Pre amplifiers, Error sources Receiver Configuration

Probability of Error Quantum limit.Fiber Attenuation measurements Dispersion
measurements Fiber Refractive index profile measurements Fiber cut off Wave length
MeasurementsFiberNumericalApertureMeasurementsFiberdiametermeasurements.

UNITVOPTICALNETWORKSANDSYSTEMTRANSMISSION

Basic Networks SONET / SDH Broadcast and select WDM Networks Wavelength
Routed Networks Non linear effects on Network performance Link Power budget Rise
time budget Noise Effects on System PerformanceOperational Principles of WDM
Performance of WDM + EDFA system Solutions Optical CDMA Ultra High Capacity
Networks.

TOTAL:45PERIODS

OUTCOMES:
Uponcompletionofthecourse,studentswillbeableto:

Discussthevariousopticalfibermodes,configurationsandvarioussignaldegradation
factors

associatedwithopticalfiber.

Explainthevariousopticalsourcesandopticaldetectorsandtheiruseintheoptical

communicationsystem.

Analyzethedigitaltransmissionanditsassociatedparametersonsystemperformance.

TEXTBOOKS:
1.GerdKeiser,"OpticalFiberCommunication"McGrawHillInternational,4thEdition.,2010.
2.JohnM.Senior,OpticalFiberCommunication,SecondEdition,PearsonEducation,2007.

UNITIINTRODUCTIONTOOPTICALFIBERS

EvolutionoffiberopticsystemElementofanOpticalFiberTransmissionlinkTotalinternal
reflectionAcceptance angle Numerical aperture Skew rays Ray OpticsOptical Fiber Modes and
Configurations Mode theory of Circular Wave guides Overview of ModesKey Modal concepts
LinearlyPolarizedModesSingleModeFibersGradedIndexfiberstructure.
PARTA

Q.No

Questions

BT

Domain

Level

1.

Defineattenuationconstantofafiber.

BTL1 Remembering

2.

Definenumericalapertureofastepindexfiber

BTL1 Remembering

3.

Definecriticalangle

BTL1 Remembering

4.

Whatistotalinternalreflectioninafiber?

BTL1 Remembering

5.

StateSnellslaw

BTL1 Remembering

6.

Whatisalinearlypolarizedmode?

BTL1 Remembering

7.

Statethenecessityofcladdingforanopticalfiber.

BTL2 Understanding

8.

Relatethemodefielddiameterandspotsize

BTL2 Understanding

9.

Outlineanyfouradvantagesofanopticalcommunicationsystem

BTL2 Understanding

10. WhatismeantbyConicalHalfangle?

BTL2 Understanding

11. RelateaformulaforthenormalizedfrequencyandNA.Hence,find

BTL3 Applying

theNumericalapertureforastepindexfiberthathasnormalized
frequencyV=26.6ata1300nmwavelengthandcoreradiusof
25m.
12. Applytheraytransmissiontheorytofindthecriticalincidentangle

BTL3 Applying

foraglassrodofrefractiveindex1.5,surroundedbyair.
13. Withtheknowledgeofthetotalinternalreflection,calculatethe

BTL3 Applying

criticalangleofincidencebetweentwosubstanceswithdifferent
refractiveindiceswheren1=1.5andn2=1.46.
14. Sortoutthefundamentalparameterofasinglemodefiber

BTL4 Analyzing

15. Listouttheadvantagesofthemultimodefiber.

BTL4 Analyzing

16. DistinguishStepindexfibersandgradedindexfiber

BTL4 Analyzing

17. Evaluatethecriticalanglewiththerelativerefractiveindex

BTL5 Evaluating

differenceof1%foranopticalfiber.Giventhecorerefractiveindex

is1.46.
18. Determinethecutoffwavelengthofasinglemodefiberwithcore

BTL5 Evaluating

radiusof4mand=0.003.
19. Therefractiveindexesofthecoreandcladdingofasilicafiberare

BTL6 Creating

1.48and1.46respectively.Findtheacceptanceangleforthefiber.
Proposeasuggestiontoincreasetheacceptanceangleofoptical
fiber.
20. Formulatethenormalizedfrequencyat820nmforastepindex

BTL6 Creating

fiberhavinga25mradius.Therefractiveindexesofthecladding
andthecoreare1.45and1.47respectively.Solvetofindthe
numberofmodesthatpropagateinthisfiberat820nm?
PARTB
1.

(i).Statehowmodefielddiameterisrelatedtothesinglemodefiber. BTL1 Remembering

Whatarethepropagationmodesinthem?(8)
(ii)Drawaneatdiagramandexplaintheraytheorybehindthe
opticalfibercommunicationwithaspecialmentionaboutthetotal
internalreflection,AcceptanceangleandNumericalaperture.(8)

2.

(i)Whatisnumericalapertureofanopticalfiber?Deducean

BTL1 Remembering

expressionforthesame.(10)
(ii)Writeanoteonstepindexfiber(6)
3.

(i)Definenormalizedfrequencyforanopticalfiberandexplainits

use.(8)

BTL1 Remembering

(ii)Drawtheblockdiagramofaopticalfiberlinktransmissionand
explainthedifferentcomponents(8)
4.

(i)WhatisNumericalApertureofafiber?Deduceanexpressionfor

thesamewithneatfigureshowingallthedetails.(8)

BTL1 Remembering

(ii)Drawandexplaintherefractiveindexprofileandray
transmissioninmultimodestepindex&singlemodestepindex
fibers.(8)
5.

(i)Explainabouttransmissionoflightthroughgradedindexfiber
withneatdiagrams.(8)
(ii)Showthatlinearlypolarizedmodesinopticalfibersisrelatedto
theVnumberbyobtainingproperequationsandexpressions.(8)

BTL2 Understanding

6.

(i)ExplainthephenomenonoftotalinternalreflectionusingSnell's

BTL2 Understanding

lawwithfiguresandcalculations.(10)

(ii)Classifyfibersandexplainthem.(6)
7.

(i)Showthatnumericalapertureisdependentontherefractive

indicesofcoreandcladdingthroughproperderivation.(10)

(ii)Explaintheadvantagesofopticalcommunicationtechnology(6) BTL2 Understanding

8. (i)ApplythebasicMaxwellsequationtoderivethemodeequations
forthecircularfibre.(10)

Withthederivedresultsforasinglemodestepindexfiber,estimate BTL3 Applying

theshortestwavelengthoflightwhichallowssinglemodeoperation
whentherelativerefractiveindexdifferenceforthefiberis1%.The
corediameteris7mandcorerefractiveindexis1.49.(6)

9. (i)ChoosethepropercoresizeandcladdingrefractiveindexforaSi

fiberusingproperequations.Thesilicacorerefractiveindexis

1.458,v=75andNA=0.3andisoperatedat820nm.Calculatethe

BTL3 Applying

totalnumberofmodesenteringthisfiber.(10)

(ii)Identifytheproperangleofincidencesothatthetotalinternal
reflectiontakesplacewithintheopticalfiber.(6)
10. (i)CalculateNAofsilicafiberwithitscorerefractiveindex(n1)of

1.48andcladdingrefractiveindexof1.46.Analyzeandfindoutwhat

shouldbethenewvalueofn1inordertochangetheNAto0.23.

BTL4 Analyzing

(12)
(ii)Distinguishstepindexfromgradedindexfibers.(4)
11. Comparetheopticallinkwiththatofthesatellitelink(4)

BTL4 Analyzing

Explainthedifferencesbetweenmeridionalandskewrays.Indetail
discussabouttheskewrays.(12)
12. (i)Explaintheraypropagationintoanddownanopticalfibrecable.

BTL4 Analyzing

Alsoderivetheexpressionfortheacceptanceangle.(10)
(ii)Contrasttheadvantageanddisadvantageofstepindex,graded
index,singlemodepropagationandmultimodepropagation.(6)
13. Determinethefractionofaverageopticalpowerresidinginthe
claddingofastepindexfiberhavingcoreradiusof25m.Thefiber
operatesat1300nmandhasanumericalapertureof0.22.

(8)

BTL5 Evaluating

(ii)Afiberhascoreradiusof25mm,corerefractiveindexof1.48
andrelativerefractiveindexdifference()is0.01.Iftheoperating
wavelengthis0.84mm,findthevalueofnormalizedfrequencyand
thenumberofguidedmodes.Evaluatethenumberofguidedmodes
ifisreducedto0.003.(8)
14. (i)Astepindexfiberhasacorediameterof7mandcorerefractive

BTL6 Creating

indexof1.49.Estimatetheshortestwavelengthoflightwhichallows
singlemodeofoperationwhentherelativerefractiveindex
differenceforthefiberis1%.(6)
(ii)Supposethatanincomingrayfromalightsourceisnotwithin
theacceptanceanglelimits.Whatwillhappentothelighttobe
transmitted?Suggestapropersolutionsothatthewholeof
informationtobetransmittedisproperlythroughthefiber.(10)

UNITIISIGNALDEGRADATIONOPTICALFIBERS

Attenuation Absorption losses, Scattering losses, Bending Losses, Core and Cladding losses, Signal
Distortion in Optical Wave guidesInformation Capacity determination Group DelayMaterial
Dispersion, Wave guide Dispersion, Signal distortion in SM fibersPolarization Mode dispersion,
Intermodaldispersion,PulseBroadeninginGIfibersModeCouplingDesignOptimizationofSMfibers
RIprofileandcutoffwavelength.
PARTA
Q.

Questions

No

BT

Domain

Level

1.

Definechromaticdispersion&whatarethecausesforthesame?

BTL1

Remembering

2.

WhatisModeCoupling?

BTL1

Remembering

3.

Definedispersionflattening.

BTL1

Remembering

4.

WhatismeantbyStimulatedRamanScattering?

BTL1

Remembering

5.

Statesignalattenuation.

BTL1

Remembering

6.

Whatarebendinglosses?Nameitstypes.

BTL1 Remembering

7.

Outlinethemostimportantnonlineareffectsofopticalfiber

BTL2

Understanding

communication.
8.

Discussthesignificanceofgroupvelocity.

BTL2

Understanding

9.

Givethemeasureofinformationcapacityinopticalwaveguide

BTL2

Understanding

BTL2

Understanding

10. Classifythefiberlosseswhicharegivenperunitdistance.

11. Constructanexpressionfortheeffectivenumberofmodesguided

BTL3

Applying

12. Identifythecauseofscatteringloss.

BTL3

Applying

13. StatetheimpactofRayleighscattering.

BTL3

Applying

14. Inspecttheeffectsofdispersioninmultimodefibers.

BTL4

Analysing

15. Comparematerialandwaveguidedispersion.

BTL4

Analysing

16. Listthefactorsthatcauseintrinsicjointlossesinafiber.

BTL4

Analysing

17. Expressgroupdelayinopticalfiber.

BTL5

Evaluating

18. Afiberhasanattenuationof0.5dB/Kmat1500nm.If0.5mWof

BTL5

Evaluating

19. Whatcouldbedonetominimizethepulsebroadening?

BTL6

Creating

20. Acontinuous12Kmslongopticalfiberlinkhasalossof1.5dB/Km.

BTL6

Creating

byacurvedmultimodefiberofradius'a'.

opticalpowerisinitiallylaunchedintothefiber,estimateisthe
powerlevelinafter25km?

Proposeapropersolutiontofindtheminimumopticalpowerthat
mustbelaunchedintothefibertomaintaintheopticalpowerlevel
of0.3wattatthereceivingend?
PARTB
1.

(i) What do you mean by pulse broadening? Explain its effect on BTL1

Remembering

informationcarryingcapacityofafiber.(10)
(ii)Whatarethelossorsignalattenuationmechanismsinafiber.
Explain.(6)
2.

(i)Whatismeantbycriticalbendingradiusofopticalfibers?Explain BTL1

Remembering

(8)
(ii) Define signal distortion? How does Signal distortion in single
modefibers?
3.

(i)Describethelinearscatteringlossesinopticalfibers.(8)

BTL1

Remembering

BTL1

Remembering

(ii)Howawaveguidedispersionaffectstheperformanceofthe
transmissioninanopticalfiber?Explain(8)
4.

(i)Showthattheintermodaldispersionthatoccursinamultimode
stepindexfibercausessignaldegradationinfibres.
(8)
(ii)Whatisdispersioninfibers?Whatarethecausesandtypesof
fiberdispersionloss.(8)


5.

(i)Showthatthematerialdispersionisinverselyrelatedtothe

BTL2

lengthofthefiber.(8)

Understanding

(ii)Explain(a)intramodaland(b)intermodaldispersion.(8)

6.

(i)Illustratethemodalnoiseduetointermodaldispersionthat

BTL2

occursinamultimodefibers.(8)

Understanding

(ii)Explainhowthebandwidthofanopticalfiberisaffected.(8)
7.

Withdiagramderivetheexpressionforintramodaldispersion.(8)

Explainhowtherefractiveindexprofileandcutoffwavelengthofa

singlemodefiberaffectstheperformanceasinglemodefiber.(8)

Understanding

BTL2

8.

(i) Identify how the attenuation is encountered in optical fiber

communication due to: (a) Bending (b)Scattering (c) Absorption

Applying

(12)

BTL3

(ii)Solvethemaximumtransmissiondistanceforafiberlinkwith
anattenuationof0.2dB/Kmifthepowerlaunchedin1mWandthe
receiversensitivityis50V.Calculatetheattenuationforanother
linkwithsameparametersanddistanceof26Kms.

9.

(4)

(i) Solve the maximum bitrate for the fiber link of 5kms. The

numericalapertureis0.25andtherefractiveindexis1.48.(6)

(ii)Withtheknowledgeondispersion,explainthefollowingin

BTL3

Applying

singlemodefiber:modebirefringenceandbeatlength.(10)
10. (i) Analyse and present how the refractive index profile and the BTL4

Analyzing

cutoffwavelengthaffectsthedesignofasinglemodefiber.(8)
(ii)Explainthemodecouplingthatoccursinamultimodestepindex
fibers.(8)
11. (i)Examinetheeffectsofnonlinearscatteringlossesinopticalfiber. BTL4
(10)
(ii)Bringoutthedifferencesbetweenintermodalandintramodal
dispersion.(6)

Analyzing

12. Analysehowtheimportantconstituentatomsofasilicafiberaffects BTL4

Analyzing

thetransmissionoflightthroughopticalfiber.(8)
Listouttheeffectsofthehydroxylionsandtransientimpurities.(8)
13. (i) Based on the behavior of the optical fiber, bring out the design BTL5

Evaluating

optimizationofasinglemodefiber.(8)
(ii)ExplainhowasignaldistortionoccursinOpticalwaveguides.
(8)
14. (i) Discuss about the intermodal dispersion that occurs in a BTL6

Creating

multimodegradedindexfiber.(8)
(ii)Imagineascenariowheretheenergyfromthelighttravelling
throughthecoreistransferredtothecladding.Presenttheconcept
behindthistojustifythatitleadstotheattenuationofthelight
signal.(8)

UNITIIIFIBEROPTICALSOURCESANDCOUPLING

DirectandindirectBandgapmaterialsLEDstructuresLightsourcematerialsQuantumefficiencyand
LED power, Modulation of a LED, lasers DiodesModes and Threshold condition Rate equations
ExternalQuantumefficiencyResonantfrequenciesLaserDiodes,Temperatureeffects,Introductionto
Quantum laser, Fiber amplifiers Power Launching and coupling, Lensing schemes, Fiber to Fiber
joints,FibersplicingSignaltoNoiseratio,Detectorresponsetime.
PARTA
Q.N

Questions

BT

Domain

Level

1.

DefineinternalquantumefficiencyofLEDandLaser.

BTL1

Remembering

2.

WhatismeantbymechanicalSplice?

BTL1

Remembering

3.

StatethedrawbacksofAvalanchephotodiode.

BTL1

Remembering

4.

Writeanyfourfactorswhichaffectthepowerlaunchedintothe
fiber.

BTL1

Remembering

5.

Whatissplicing?

BTL1

Remembering

6.

Definequantumefficiencyandresponsivityforaphotodiode.

BTL1

Remembering

7.

SummarizetheadvantageofPINdiodewithAPDdiode.

BTL2

Understanding

8.

DefineResponsivity

BTL2

Understanding

9.

Givetheexpressionforfibertofibercouplingefficiency

BTL2

Understanding

BTL2

Understanding

10. Whatistherelationbetweenpowerlaunchingandwavelength.

11. CalculatebandgapenergyforanLEDtoemit850nm

BTL3

Applying

12. Classifythedifferentnoisespresentintheavalanchephotodiode?

BTL3

Applying

13. Computeavalanchemultiplicationnoise

BTL3

Applying

14. WritetwodifferencesbetweenLEDandLASERdiode.

BTL4

Analyzing

15. Examinedarkcurrentnoise

BTL4

Analyzing

16. Categorizethetypesofmechanicalmisalignment.

BTL4

Analyzing

17. Determinethedifferentfactorsthatdeterminetheresponsetime

BTL5

Evaluating

BTL5

Evaluating

19. Constuctmechanicalsplicinginopticalfiber.

BTL6

Creating

20. Elaborateonfibertofibercouplingloss

BTL6

Creating

ofphotodetector?
18. Evaluatethelensingschemestoimproveopticalsourcetofiber
couplingefficiency.

PARTB
1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.
7.
8.
9.

i)Whataredirectbandgapandindirectband,gap
semiconductors?(8)
(ii)DescribetheoperationofLED?(8)

Writeshortnoteon
Fiberconnectors
Splicesandcouplers.
Withneatsketch,explaintheworkingofalightemittingdiode.(8)
Derivetheexpressionforthequantumeffiencyofadoublehetro
structureLED.(8)

(i)Whatarethepossiblenoisesourcesthatcontributethe
photodetectornoise?(8)
(ii)Whatismeantbydetectorresponsetime?Explain.(8)

BTL1

BTL1

Remembering

Remembering

BTL1

BTL4
BTL3

Remembering

BTL1

BTL1

Remembering

Remembering

(i)Determinetheinternalquantumefficiencyandinternalpower
level.(8)
(ii)Iftherefractiveindexofthelightsourcematerialisn=3.5.
Findthepoweremittedfromthedevice.(8)
DrawandcompareLEDandInjectionLaserDiodestructures.(16)

BTL5

BTL5

Evaluating
Evaluating

BTL2

Understanding

Elaborateindetailaboutfibersplicing(10)
Whataretheprimaryrequirementsofagoodfiberconnector
design?(6)
Developtheoperationofainjectionlaser.(10)
ComparetheopticalsourcesLEDandILD.(6)
Classifythethreetypesoffibermisalignmentthatcontributeto
insertionlossatanopticalfiberjoint.(8)
Outlinethemajorcategoriesofmultiportfiberopticcoupler.(8)

BTL6
BTL1

Creating
Remembering

BTL6
BTL4
BTL3

BTL4

Creating
Analyzing
Applying
Analyzing

BTL2

Understanding

10. Summarizecoupledcavitysemiconductorlasersandtunable

Analyzing
Applying

semiconductorlasers.(8)

BTL2

Understanding

BTL4

BTL2

Analyzing
Understanding

12. Explain the various fiber alignment and joint losses with
diagram.(8)
Writenotesonfibersplicesandconnectors.
(8)
13. Analyzethefrontendopticalamplifiersandexplain.(8)
Constructpowerlaunchingandcouplinginopticalfiberamplifiers
(8)

BTL4

BTL1
BTL4
BTL3

Analyzing
Remembering

Analyzing
Applying

14. ExplainindetailaboutsourcetoFiberpowerlaunching. (8)

BTL2

BTL3

Understanding
Applying

DrawandExplainthestructureofFabryPerotresonatorcavityfor
aLaserdiode.DeriveLaserdioderateequation.(8)
11. Withdiagram,explainsurfaceandedgeemittersofLED
structures.(8)
DrawthestructuresandelectricfieldsinAPDandexplainits
working.(8)

Illustratethethreefactorsthatdecidestheresponsetimeof
photodiodes.Explainthemindetailwithneatsketches.(8)

UNITIV

FIBEROPTICRECEIVERANDMEASUREMENTS

Fundamentalreceiveroperation,Preamplifiers,ErrorsourcesReceiverConfigurationProbabilityof
Error Quantum limit.Fiber Attenuation measurements Dispersion measurements Fiber Refractive
index profile measurements Fiber cut off Wave length Measurements Fiber Numerical Aperture
MeasurementsFiberdiametermeasurements.
PARTA
Q.N

Questions

BT

Domain

Level
1.

Listtheadvantagesofusingtransimpedancefrontendreceiver

BTL1

Remembering

BTL1

Remembering

configuration.
2.

StatetheSignificanceofmaintainingthefibreouterdiameter
constant

3.

Definebiterrorrate.

BTL1

Remembering

4.

Writeanytwoadvantagesoftransimpedanceamplifiers.

BTL1

Remembering

5.

Adigitalfiberopticlinkoperatingat1310nm,requiresamaximum BTL1

Remembering

BERof108.Identifytheaveragephotonsperpulse.
6.

Thephotodetectoroutputinacutbackattenuationsetupis3.3V
atthefarendofthefiber.Aftercuttingthefiberatthenearend,5m

BTL1

Remembering

fromthefarend,photodetectoroutputreadwas9.2V.Recitethe
attenuationofthefiberindB/Km?
7.

Generalizetheerrorsourcesofreceiver.

BTL2

Understanding

8.

Givemainideaaboutquantumlimit.

BTL2

Understanding

9.

Expressdarkcurrent.

BTL2

Understanding

BTL2

Understanding

11. JustifytheUseofsiliconispreferredtomakeopticalreceivers.

BTL3

Applying

12. InterpretModalNoiseandModepartitionNoise

BTL3

Applying

13. Calculatethemeanof(1/f)noisecornerfrequency

BTL3

Applying

14. Pointouttheadvantagesofpreamplifiers.

BTL4

Analyzing

15. Categorizethetypesofpreamplifiers?

BTL4

Analyzing

16. Examinethestandardfibermeasurementtechniques?

BTL4

Analyzing

17. DetermineBendattenuation

BTL5

Evaluating

18. Whytheattenuationlimitcurveslopestowardstotheright?

BTL5

Evaluating

19. Developthemeasurestoavoidmodalnoise.

BTL6

Creating

20. Proposetherangeofsystemmargininlinkpowerbudget.

BTL6

Creating

BTL1

Remembering

Withdiagramsdescribethefollowing:

(i)MeasurementofNAofafiber(8)

BTL1

Remembering

BTL1

Remembering

BTL1

Remembering

10. Summarizethedifferentmethodsformeasuringrefractiveindex
profile.

PARTB
1.

Drawtheblockdiagramoffundamentalopticalreceiver.Write
abouteachblock.

2.

(ii)Measurementofrefractiveindexprofile.(8)
3.

Explaininbrieftheblocksandtheirfunctionsofanoptical
receiverwithschematicdiagrams.

4.

(i)Adigitalfiberopticlinkoperatingat850nmrequiresa
maximumBERof10^9.Citethequantumlimitintermsofthe
quantumefficiencyofthedetectorandtheenergyoftheincident
photon.(8)
(ii)Definetheattenuationanddispersionmeasurementsindetail.
(8)

5.

6.

(i)Explainanytwotypesofpreamplifiersusedinareceiver(12)

(ii)EstimatethetermsQuantumlimitandProbabilityofErrorwith BTL2

Understanding

respecttoareceiverwithtypicalvalues(4)

(i)GivemainideaaboutInsertionLossmethodusedfor

attenuationmeasurement.(8)

BTL2

(ii)ExpressthetechniqueusedinFrequencyDomainintermodal

Understanding

Dispersionmeasurement.(8)
7.

(i)Listthevarioustypesofpreamplifiersavailableforoptical
networksanditssignificanceinopticalnetworks.(8)

BTL2

Understanding

(ii)Explainanythreeofthemwiththeircircuitdiagrams.(8)
8.

Demonstratethefollowingindetail:

(i)Fibrerefractiveindexprofilemeasurement.(8)

BTL3

Applying

(ii)Fibrecutoffwavelengthmeasurement(8)
9.

Constructtheopticalreceiveroperationanditsperformancewith

BTL3

neatdiagram

Applying

10. (i)Examinethedispersionandnumericalaperturemeasurements

BTL4

Analyzing

BTL4

Analyzing

(ii)Considering the probability distributions for received logic 0

and 1 signal pulses,derive the expressions for BER and error

function.(8)

offibre.
11. (i)Explainindetailaboutthefrontendopticalamplifiers.(8)

12. Analyzethefollowing:

BTL4

Analyzing

(i)Fibrerefractiveindexprofilemeasurement.(8)

(ii)Fibrecutoffwavelengthmeasurement.(8)

BTL5

Evaluating

Discusstheperformanceofdigitalreceiverbydefiningthe

probabilityoferror

13. Evaluatetheerrorsourcesoffundamentalreceiveroperations.

14. (a)DeveloptheschematicsofpinphotodiodeandAPDandexplain. BTL6

Creating

(8)
(b)Designthefundamentalreceiveroperationinoptical
communication.(8)

UNITV OPTICALNETWORKSANDSYSTEMTRANSMISSION
Basic Networks SONET / SDH Broadcast and select WDM Networks Wavelength Routed
Networks Non linear effects on Network performance Link Power budget Rise time budget Noise
EffectsonSystemPerformanceOperationalPrinciplesofWDMPerformanceofWDM+EDFAsystem
SolitonsOpticalCDMAUltraHighCapacityNetworks.
PARTA

Q.No

Questions

BT

Domain

Level
1.

StatetheconceptofWDM.

BTL1 Remembering

2.

Definesoliton

BTL1 Remembering

3.

WhatisSONET

BTL1 Remembering

4.

BTL1 Remembering

5.

SummarizethetransmissionbitrateofthebasicSONETframe
inMbps
OutlineinterchannelcrosstalkthatoccursinaWDMsystem

6.

Writeaboutbroadcastandselectnetwork?

BTL1 Remembering

7.

ListthebenefitsofSONEToverPDHnetworks.

BTL2 Understanding

8.

Givethesignificanceofsolitons.

BTL2 Understanding

9.

IllustratetheproblemsassociatedwithPDHnetworks?

BTL2 Understanding

BTL1 Remembering

10. ExpressthevariousSONET/SDHlayers.

BTL2 Understanding

11. DemonstrateamodelofEDFA

BTL3 Applying

12. ReportaboutChirping

BTL3 Applying

13. Demonstratethedifferencebetweenfundamentalandhigher
ordersoliton.
14. Analyzethecrossphasemodulation

BTL3 Applying

15. Analyzehowthespecklepatterncanform.

BTL4 Analyzing

16. ClassifytheimportantfeaturesoftimeslottedopticalTDM
network.
17. JustifythefeaturesinDWDM

BTL4 Analyzing

18. Concludetheadvantagesofusingsolitonsignalsthroughfiber.

BTL5 Evaluating

19. DevelopthebasicperformanceoftheWDM

BTL6 Creating

20. Proposethethreetopologiesusedforfiberopticnetwork

BTL6 Creating

BTL4 Analyzing

BTL5 Evaluating

PARTB
1. DrawtheblockdiagramofOTDR.Citeaboutthemeasurementof BTL1 Remembering
anytwofiberopticmeasurementwiththis.(16)
2. Describethefollowing:
(i)WDMnetworks(8)

BTL1 Remembering

(ii)Ultrahighcapacitynetworks(8)
3. (i)DefineandexplaintheprincipleofWDMnetworks(8)

BTL1 Remembering

(ii)Statethenonlineareffectsonopticalnetworkperformance.(8)
4. (i)Outlinethefeaturesofultrahighcapacitynetworks(8)

BTL1 Remembering

(ii)IdentifytheOTDRanditsapplications(8)
5. (i)GeneralizefourfiberBLSRringinaSONET.Explainthe
reconfigurationofthesameduringnodeorfiberfailure.(8)

BTL2 Understanding

(ii)Restatebroadcastandselectmultihopnetwork.Explain.
(8)
6. (i)Explainthefollowingrequirementsforthedesignofan

BTL2 Understanding

opticallyamplifiedWDMlink:(8)
(1)LinkBandwidth
(2)OpticalpowerrequirementsforaspecificBER.
(ii)Paraphrasenotesonsolitons.(8)
7. (i)GivemainideaaboutSA/SAprotocolandmodifiedSA/SA

BTL2 Understanding

protocolofbroadcastandselectnetworks.(8)
(ii)Expressthenonlineareffectsonnetworkperformance(8)
8. (i)ModeltheLayeredarchitectureofSONET/SDHwithneat

BTL3 Applying

diagram.(8)
(ii)IllustratethedetailednotesonopticalCDMAandits
applications.(8)
9. DemonstrateSONETlayersandframestructurewith

BTL3 Applying

diagram.(16)
10 Withsuitableexample,analyzetheconditionsandconstraintsin
theformulationandsolutionofroutingandwavelength

BTL4 Analyzing

assignmentprobleminanoptimalway.(8)
AnalyzethefeaturesofSolitons(8)
11 Findouttheconceptsofmediaaccesscontrolprotocolsin
broadcastandselectnetworks.Explain(16)

BTL4 Analyzing

12 (i)Groupthenonlineareffectsonnetworkperformanceindetail.
(8)

BTL4 Analyzing

(ii)InspectthebasicsofopticalCDMAsystems.(8)
13 Deducethebasicframestructureandnetworkarchitectureof

BTL5 Evaluating

SONET.(16)
14 Proposethesalientfeatureofsolitonsusingrelevantexpressions BTL6 Creating
anddiagrams(8)
DevelopatheoryonthenoiseEffectsonSystemPerformance(8)