IJISET - International Journal of Innovative Science, Engineering & Technology, Vol. 2 Issue 10, October 2015.

www.ijiset.com
ISSN 2348 7968

A survey on weather forecasting to predict rainfall using big

data analytics.
Dr.S.Baghavathi Priya

Muthulakshmi A, ME (SE),
Department of Information and Technology,

Professor-IT

Rajalakshmi Engineering College,

Rajalakshmi Engineering College,

Thandalam-602105, Chennai.

Thandalam-602105, Chennai.

Muthulakshmi.a.2014.mese@rajalakshmi.edu.in

Baghavathipriya.s@rajalakshmi.edu.in

INDEX TERMS: Classification, Rainfall

ABSTRACT
Big data is defined as a large amount
0T

of data which requires new technologies to

make possible to extract value from it by
capturing and analysis process. Analytics

Prediction,

Support

vector

machine,

Weather Conditions, Weather Forecasting.

1. INTRODUCTION

0T

often involves studying past historical data

to

research

potential

trends.

Weather

prediction has been one of the most

interesting and fascinating domain and it
plays a significant role in meteorology.
Weather prediction is to estimate of future
weather conditions. Weather condition is the
state of atmosphere at a given time in terms
of

weather

variables

like

rainfall,

thunderstorm, cloud conditions, temperature,

pressure, wind direction etc.Predicting the
weather is essential to help preparing for the
best and the worst of the climate. This paper
presents the review of big data analytics for
Weather Prediction and studies the benefit
of using it.

Big data analytics [10] is the

process of examine the large data sets
containing a variety of data types. The goal
of analytics is to improve the business by
gaining information. Data mining is a
process that is used to find the useful
patterns from large amount of data. Data
mining can also be defined as the process of
extract the previously unknown and useful
information

from

large

quantities

of

incomplete data for practical application [6].

Weather prediction is the application of
technology to predict the action of the
atmosphere for a given location. It is
becoming increasingly vital for business,
agriculturists, farmers, disaster management
and related organizations to understand the
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IJISET - International Journal of Innovative Science, Engineering & Technology, Vol. 2 Issue 10, October 2015.
www.ijiset.com
ISSN 2348 7968

natural phenomena [4].The art of weather

are used to forecast weather that are

prediction began with using the reoccurring

empirical and dynamical approach. The

astronomical and meteorological events to

first approach is based on the occurrence

help them to monitor the seasonal changes

of analogues and it is often referred to as

in the weather. Throughout these centuries,

an analogue forecasting. This approach is

this attempt is made to produce forecasts

useful in predicting the local weather if

based on weather changes and personal

recorded

observations. Weather prediction has been

dynamical approach is useful to predict

one of the most interestingness domains.

large scale weather phenomena and it is

The scientists are been trying to forecast the

not predict the short term weather

meteorological data using a big set of

efficiently

methods, some of them more accurate than

growing and assisting in the field of

others.

predictive data is big data analytics. Big

cases

are

[1].One

plentiful.

major

The

technology

0T

data is a recent upcoming technology

2. BACKGROUND STUDY

which can bring huge benefits to the

business

Weather

forecasting

is

an

essential application in meteorology and

has been one of the most scientific
challenging problems around the world.

organizations.

Big
0T

data

analytics is the process to examine a large

data set

that

containing

variety

of data types. Analytics often involves

studying past historical data [10].

Weather condition is state of atmosphere

at given time and the weather parameters

Rain forecast is basically done by

are temperature, humidity and wind speed,

gathering quantitative data about the

The accuracy of the prediction is depends

existing status of the atmosphere on a

on knowledge of prevailing weather

given

condition over large areas. Weather is the

understanding of atmospheric process

non-linear and dynamic process it varies

[7].Rainfall information is important for

day-to-day

flood

even

minute-to-minute.

place

using

production,

the

water

scientific

resource

Weather forecasting remains the big

management of all activity plans in the

challenge of its data intensive and the

nature. It helps in planning to make

frenzied nature. Generally two approaches

necessary arrangements for procurement,

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IJISET - International Journal of Innovative Science, Engineering & Technology, Vol. 2 Issue 10, October 2015.
www.ijiset.com
ISSN 2348 7968

transport and distribution of food grains if

nature. The resulted rainfall amounts are

there is below normal rainfall. Rainfall

intended to help farmers in making

information

decision regarding their crop [6].

is

necessary

for

food

production plan, water management in the

3. LITERATURE REVIEW
In this section, we present the review of past researches in weather prediction. The work
done by distinct researchers and their comparison is down in Table I.
Authors

Year

Algorithms

Attributes

Time Period

Ankita Joshi,
Bhagyashri
et al

2015

Decision tree
algorithm

13 years

Ms.Ashwini
Mandale,
et al

2015

TV Rajini
Kanth,
et al

2014

High temperature, cold climate,

Rainfall

112 years

M.Viswambari,
Dr.R.Anbu
Selvi

2014

Artificial
neural
network and
decision tree
techniques.
Data mining
technique kmeans cluster
algorithm.
Back
propagation
technique

Max temperature,
rainfall,
evaporation
and wind speed
Max temperature, min temperature,
sunshine,
Rainfall,

Rainfall,
wind pressure,
humidity

Monthly
Forecast.

Multiple
linear
regression
technique
Data mining
techniques

Rainfall,vapor pressure,
average temperature
cloud cover

30 years

Temperature, pressure,
wind direction,rainfall,humidity

6 years period

24 hours

Nikhil,
2014
Sethi,
Dr.Kanwal Garg
pinky saikia
dutta,
hitesh tahbilder

2014

Sanjay
D.Sawaitul,
et al

2012

Back
Propagation
algorithm

Rainfall,
temperature,
humidity, prediction

Manisha
Kharola,
Dinesh Kumar

2013

Back
propagation
algorithm

Temperature,
Humidity,
Pressure

Months and
years.

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IJISET - International Journal of Innovative Science, Engineering & Technology, Vol. 2 Issue 10, October 2015.
www.ijiset.com
ISSN 2348 7968

equations.

Explanation on each study

Prediction of rainfall the future values is

They

found

M.Viswambari and Dr.R.Anbu Selvi [3]

humidity data is one of the vital parts which

implemented the data

can be helpful to the society as well as to the

is

economy. Some of the work in this area as:

humidity to

B.A et al[1] developed on efficient Data

mining techniques it used the algorithms
are Artificial Neural Network and Decision
tree

Algorithms

for

meteorological

to

forecast weather. The performance of this

algorithm would be compared with the
standard performance metrics. It used two

accuracy

in variation of rainfall prediction.

analyzing by Temperature, Rainfall and

Ms. Ashwini Mandale, Mrs. Jadhawar

82%

mining techniques

to forecasting rainfall, wind pressure,

about

forecast the

past historical and

weather data
future

value.

Classification is the problem t o identify

the set of categories a new observation
regards, on the basis of a training data
containing the observations whose category
membership is known The goal of any
supervised learning algorithm is to find a
correct output to minimize errors.

approaches that are empirical approach,

T V Rajini Kanth, V V SSS Balaram et al

dynamic approach.The comparison of results

[5] implemented the k-clustering technique

carried out by using CART to predict future

to

values of parameters given the Month and

forecast the temperature, rainfall so it would

Year.

be need higher scientific techniques like

Ankita Joshi, Bhagyashri Kamble et al [2]

proposed a data mining techniques of
decision tree algorithm. The challenging
problem is to predict the complicated

grouping the

similar

data

sets

to

machine learning algorithms for effective

study and predictions of weather conditions
using linear regression. It is found through kmeans cluster analysis.

limited

Pinky saikia dutta and Hitesh tahbilder

observations.To predict the weather by

[6] implemented is done by using multiple

numerical means the meteorologists have

linear regressions that presented in the data

developed atmospheric

is

mining technique in forecasting monthly

using mathematical

rainfall of Assam. It was carried out by

weather

approximate

phenomena

by

with

models

that

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IJISET - International Journal of Innovative Science, Engineering & Technology, Vol. 2 Issue 10, October 2015.
www.ijiset.com
ISSN 2348 7968

traditional

statistical

technique

and

forecasting and

processing information.

Multiple Linear Regression. The data

They provided the information of coming

include Six years period collected locally

weather after some period amount of time

from

Meteorological Center.

by changing some parameters of what will

They found 63% accuracy in variation of

be the effect on other parameters are

rainfall for our proposed model.

recorded shown on wireless display, to

Regional

Nikhil

Sethi,

Dr.Kanwal

Garg

[7]

Rainfall prediction model is implemented

prevent the adverse effect of climate change.

4. Limitations

with empirical statistical technique. It is

used the multiple linear regression (MLR)

There are several limitations in better

technique for the early prediction of

implementation of weather forecasting in

rainfall. There are two approaches used for

data mining techniques. It cannot predict the

predicting

Empirical

weather short term efficiently. They used

another one is Dynamical approach. The

only small limited areas for weather

results prove that there is a close relations

forecasting.Accurate weather prediction is a

between the predicted and actual rainfall

difficult task due to dynamic change of

amount.

atmosphere. It is susceptible for predict

rainfall.

One

is

weather in large areas at a time.

Manisha Kharola and Dinesh Kumar[8]
described

the

algorithm.ANNs

back
are

propagation
capable

5. Conclusions

of

producing accurate predictions of weather

The proposed methodology aims at

variables for small scale of imperfect

providing an efficient weather forecasting

datasets. The actual network output is

framework for predicting and monitoring the

subtracted from the desired outputs i n an

weather attribute datasets to predict rainfall.

error

is produced to predict the

In past the parameters of weather were

future weather with the help of back

recorded only for the present time only. The

propagation training algorithm.

future work will explore a working model of

signal

selection
Sanjay D. Sawaitul [17] developed a back
propagation

algorithm

for

weather

that

can

be

classifying

the

framework for continuous monitoring the

climatic attributes and also to increase the
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IJISET - International Journal of Innovative Science, Engineering & Technology, Vol. 2 Issue 10, October 2015.
www.ijiset.com
ISSN 2348 7968

range

of

wireless

devices

using

the

[4]

Divya Chauhan, Jawahar Thakur,

algorithms to transmitting the data. It can be

Data

continuously monitoring to predict rainfall

Weather Prediction: A Review,

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International Journal On Recent and

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