Tugas Terstruktur 1

Topik 1. Cell: the Emergent Properties

Considering some of the characteristics that define life and drawing on your knowledge of
cellular structures and functions, write an essay that discusses this statement: Life is an
emergent property that appears at the level of the cell. (CH 6-11)
Topik 2. Membran Sel: Environmental Interaction
A human pancreatic cell obtains O2 , and necessary molecules such as glucose, amino acids, and
cholesterol, from its environment, and it releases CO2 as a waste product. In response to
hormonal signals, the cell secretes digestive enzymes. It also regulates its ion concentrations by
exchange with its environment. Based on what you have just learned about the structure and
function of cellular membranes, write an essay that describes how such a cell accomplishes
these Interactions with its environment. (CH 7-10)
Topik 3. Cellular Respiration: Scientific Inquiry
In the 1930s, some physicians prescribed low doses of a compound called dinitrophenol (DNP)
to help patients lose weight. This unsafe method was abandoned after some patients died. DNP
uncouples the chemiosmotic machinery by making the lipid bilayer of the inner mitochondrial
membrane leaky to H+. Write an esay to explain how this could cause weight loss and death.
(CH 9-10)
Topik 4. Photosynthesis: Science, Technology, and Society
Scientic evidence indicates that the CO2 added to the air by the burning of wood and fossil
fuels is contributing to global warming, a rise in global temperature. Tropical rain forests are
estimated to be responsible for approximately 20% of global photosynthesis, yet the
consumption of large amounts of CO2 by living trees is thought to make little or no net
contribution to reduction of global warming. Why might this be? (CH10-10)
Topik 5. Life Cycle: Information
The continuity of life is based on heritable information in the form of DNA. In an essay, explain
how chromosome behavior during sexual reproduction in animals ensures perpetuation of
parental traits in offspring and, at the same time, genetic variation among offspring. (CH 13-10)

Tugas Terstruktur 2
Topik 6. Decent with Modification: Interactioan
Write an essay evaluating whether changes to an organisms physical environment are likely to
result in evolutionary change. Use an example to support your reasoning. (CH22-8)
Topik 7. Evolution and The Genetic Basis of Life
Evolution accounts for the unity and diversity of life, and the continuity of life is based on
heritable information in the form of DNA. In an essay, discuss how the delity with which DNA
is inherited is related to the processes of evolution. (CH17-11)
Topik 8. Biotechnology: Science, Technology, and Society
Government funding of embryonic stem cell research has been a contentious political issue.
Why has this debate been so heated? Summarize the arguments for and against embryonic
stem cell research, and explain your own position on the issue. (CH 20-14)
Topik 9. The History of Life on Earth: Science, Technology, and Society
Experts estimate that human activities cause the extinction of hundreds of species every year.
In contrast, the natural rate of extinction is thought to average only a few species per year. If
human actions continue to alter the global environment, especially by destroying tropical rain
forests and changing Earths climate, the likely result will be a wave of extinctions that could
rival those at the end of the Cretaceous period. Considering that life has endured ve mass
extinctions, should we be concerned that we may cause a sixth mass extinction? How would
such an extinction differ from previous extinctions? What might be some of the consequences?
(CH 25-11)
Topik 10. Bacteria and Archaea: Energy Transfer
In an essay, discuss how prokaryotes and other members of hydrothermal vent communities
transfer and transform energy.