We know every humas being carries a unique set of genes.the chemical
structure of DNA is always the same,but the order of the base pairs in chromosomes the same but the order of the base pairs in chromosomes differs in individuals.the novel assemblage of the 3 billion nucleotides formed into 23 pairs of chromosomes gives each of us a unique genetic identity We also know that every cell contains a copy of the DNA that defines the organism as a whole, even though individual cells have different functions ( cardiac muscle cells keep our heart beating , neurons transmit the signals that are our thoughts, etc ) these two aspects of DNA ist uniform natural in a single individual and the genetic variability between individuals make DNA fingerprinting possible . because every cell in a body share the same DNA . cells collected by swabbing the inside of a persons cheek will be a perfect match for those found in white blood cells,skin cells or any other tissue Preparing a DNA fingerprint Preparing a DNA fingerprint requires specimen collection , dna isolation nd quantification , and PCR amfikication. Specimen collection Crime scene investigators routinely search for sources of DNA . dirty laundry . a licked envelope . a cigarette but . or anything else that migh be a source for humas cell left behind . time blood stains or a trace of saliva is often all it takes to crack a case Every living thing has DNA , so every crime scene is full of sources of possible contamination . for this reason , scrupulous attention to detail is required in collection and preserving evidencing . to protect the evidence , workers at crime scene must take the following precautions : Wear disposable gloves and change them frequently Use disposable instrument ( such as tweezers and swabs ) Avoid talking . sneezing and coughing to prevent contsmination whit microdroplets of saliva Avoid touching anything that might contain DNA ( like their own body parts ) while handling evidence Air_dry evidence thoroughly before packaing microbes can contaminate a sample Store evidence in specifically designed materials . plastic bags can retain damaging moisture
Extacting DNA for analysis
After , a sample is collected from the known source , a lab technician is
responsible for determining its genetic profile . first, the technician extracts the DNA from the sample, dna can be purified either chemically (using detergents that wash away the unwanted cellular material ) or mechanically ( using pressure to force the DNA out of the cell ) . once the DNA is extracted , the technician must follow several steps to transform the unique signature of that DNA Into visible evidence . PCR and DNA Amplification STY analysis