Chapter X: BONIFACIO AND

THE KATIPUNAN (18921896)

2)

The founding of the

Katipunan

July 7, 1892the newspapers

published the news about the
arrest of Rizal the previous night
and the governor-generals order
to banish him to Dapitan

3)

Kataastaasan Kagalanggalang na
Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan
(KKK or Katipunan) | Supreme and
Venerable Association of the Sons of
the People

Founded in Azcarraga Street,

Manila (now Claro M. Recto
Avenue) on July 7, 1892
Founders
a) Andres Bonifacio
b) Teodoro Plata
c) Valentin Diaz
d) Ladislao Diwa
e) Deodato Arellano
They all belonged in the lower
class of society. Arellano was the
most educated.
They performed a blood compact
to seal their brotherhood
Triangle Systemmethod of
recruitment
Eventually, a new system similar
to Masonry was adapted to
speed up the process

The Aims and Structure of the

Katipunan

2)

3)

Civic Objective
principle of self-help and defense
of the weak and the poor
Political Objective
separation of the Philippines
from Spain; to secure the
independence of the colony
Moral Objective
focuses on the teaching of good
manners, hygiene, and good
moral character
The Katipuneros were urged to
help sick comrades and their
families. In case of death, the
Society paid the funeral
expenses. Hence there was
Damayan among its members.

Bonifacio had seen and attended

the only meeting of La Liga
Filipina. He took note of this
societys structure
Three governing bodies
a) Kataastaasang Sanggunian
or Supreme Council
highest; equivalent of
central government
b) Sangguniang Bayan or
Provincial Council
second highest;
equivalent of provincial
government
c) Sangguniang Balangay or
Popular Council
lowest; equivalent of
municipal government

2)
3)
4)
5)

Others
1) Judicial Council or
Sangguniang Hukuman

Consequently, he requested
Benita Rodriquez to make a flag
for the Katipunan. With the help
of Bonifacios wife, Gregoria de
Jesus, a flag was made.
First official flag: It consisted of a
rectangular piece of red cloth
with three white letter Ks
arranged horizontally in the
middle.
However, it was changed a few
weeks after the revolution broke
out in August 1896.
Revised flag: Consisted of a red
rectangular piece of cloth with a
white sun and eight white rays in
the middle. Inside the circle
representing the sun was the
letter K representing the letter K
in the Tagalog script.
Bonifacios Personal flag: A red
rectangular piece of cloth with a
white sun with an indefinite
number of white rays in the
center. Below the sun were the
three Ks arranged horizontally.

The Teachings of Katipunan

1)

Officers of the second Supreme

Council

4)
5)

President or Supremo:
Deodato Arellano
Comptroller: Andres
Bonifacio
Fiscal: Ladislao Diwa
Secretary: Teodoro Plata
Treasurer: Valentin Diaz

As months passed, Bonifacio

observed that Arellano, being a
very busy man, was not very
active in the Society. So, early in
1893 Bonifacio, through an
election, moved to replace
Arellano.

1)
2)
3)

Supremo: Ramon Basa

Fiscal: Andres Bonifacio
Secretary: Jose Turiano
Santiago
Treasurer: Vicente Molina
Councilors:
Briccio Brigido Pantas
Restituto Javier
Teodoro Plata
Teodoro Gonzales
Ladislao Diwa

Early in 1895, Bonifacio, not

contented with the performance
of Basa as supremo, had himself
elected to replace Basa
He remained the Supremo of the
Katipunan until the
establishment of a revolutionary
government in Tejeros, Cavite

Membership
Three Kinds of Katipunan Members
1)
2)
3)

First GradeKatipon
Password: Anak ng Bayan
Second GradeKawal
Password: Gom-Bur-Za
Third GradeBayani
Password: Rizal

In order to recognize each other

in the streets, a member, upon
meeting another member, would
place the palm of his right hand
on his breast, and as he passed
the other member he would
close his hand and bring his
index finger and his thumb
together
The Katipunan Codes

Elected officers of the first

Supreme Council
1)

The Katipunan Government

The Katipunan Elections

Three Primary Objectives of the

Katipunan
1)

passed judgments on the

members who violated the
rules of the Society
Katipunan Assembly
composed of the
members of the Supreme
Council and the presidents
of the Provincial and
Popular Councils
Secret Chamber
composed of Andres
Bonifacio, Emilio Jacinto,
and Pio Valenzuela
sentenced members who
exposed the secrets of the
Katipunan; punishment
through expulsion

The last Katipunan alphabet was

create by Bonifacio in Cavite on
March 1897

The Katipunan Flags

Katungkulang Gagawin ng mga

Anak ng Bayan (Duties of the
Sons of the People)

2)

A Decalogue/ten
commandments Andres
Bonifacio had written for
the members of the
Katipunan as to lead them
in living a highly moral life

Kartilla

A series of teachings
written by Emilio Jacinto
Bonifacios close friend and
right-hand man
13 teachings the Society
are expected to follow

The Women of the Katipunan

To minimize the danger of

exposing the Society to women
who could not be relied upon,
Bonifacio decided that only the
wife, sister, daughter of a
Katipunero, and a few selected
women could be eligible for
membership.

The Katipuneras duty, aside

from helping the male
members in their work of
propagating the ideas and
ideal of the Society, was to
make the police authorities
believed that no Katipunan
meeting was being held in a
house.

Members
1) Josefa Rizal (president)
2) Gregoria de Jesus (vice
president)keeps Katipunan
documents
3) Marina Dizon (secretary)

4)

Angelica LopezRizals niece

(fiscal)The Kalayaan

The official organ and

newspaper of the Katipunan
March 1896first published
(although its masthead was
dated January 1896)
1895, the Katipunan bought an
old hand-press with the money
donated by two Visayan
patriotsFrancisco del Castillo
and Candido Iban
The name Kalayaan was
suggested by Dr. Pio
Valenzuela and became its
editor using the name Marcelo
H. del Pilar
The first issue included
1) Bonifacios Pag-ibig sa
Tinubuang Lupa;
2) Valenzuelas Catuiran?;
3) Jacintos Pahayag
Pen names that were used:
1) BonifacioAgapito
Bagumbayan
2) JacintoPingkian; DimasIlaw
3) ValenzuelaMadlang Away
Destroyed by Fernandez and
Duque

Twin Souls of Katipunan

1)

Andres Bonifacio
founder and supreme leader
of the Katipunan
Birth: November 30, 1863
Azcarraga St., Tondo,
Manila
Death: May 10, 1897 (33)
Maragondon, Cavite
Father: Santiago Bonifacio

tailor, boatman, former

municipal official of Tondo
Mother: Catalina de Castro
Spanish-Chinese of
Filipino origin from
Zambales
cigarette factory worker
Both his parents died when he
was only a teen
Siblings
a) Brothers
Ciriaco, Procopio,
Troadio
b) Sisters
Espiridiona, Maxima

Education:
Equivalent of
todays grade
4

Living
a) Messenger @ J.M.
Fleming and Co., an
English trading firm
b) Agent @ Fressel and
Co., a German trading
firm

Influences
a) Noli Me Tangere
and El
Filibusterismo
b) French Revolution
of 1789

Writings
a) Tapunan ng Lingap
(poem)
b) Ang Mga Cazadores
(poem)
c) Huling Hibik ng
Pilipinas (poem)
openly calls for
independence

anti-friar & antiSpanish

2)

Leading thinker of
the Revolution of
1896

Revolution of
1896 = Katipunan
Revolution

Emilio Jacinto

Birth: December 15,

1875
Tondo, Manila

Death: April 6, 1899

(23)
Mahayhay, Laguna

His father died early

which compelled his
mother to send him to
his uncles house for
support

Education
San Juan de Letran
University of Santo Tomas
(Law)

Dicthed his studies to

join the Katipunan at
age 18

A Mi Patria (To My
Country)a writing of
his in Spanish

Writings in Filipino
a) Kartilla
b) Liwanag at Dilim
c) Pahayag
d) Sa Mga Kababayan