Expansion Of Functions

Leibnitz Theorem

Solved Problems

Method of using Leibnitzs Theorem:-

In this method we use Leibnitzs theorem to find the

coefficients in Maclaurins Series.

Examples1) P.T.

=x+

.
+
!

.
!

. +

. .
!

. +..

Also if f(x) = a0 + a1x + a2x2 +

show that (n+1)an=(n+2)an+2

Solution:Let y =

---------------(i)

.y =
Differentiating w.r.t x,
( ).y1 + y(-

)=

(1 - ) y1 xy -1 = 0-------------------------(ii)
Differentiating the above eqn. w.r.t x,
(1 - ) y2 2xy1 xy1 y = 0
(1 - ) y2 3xy1 - y = 0---------------------------------------------(iii)
Apply Leibnitzs theorem,
(1 - ) yn+2 + n(-2x)yn+1 +

()
!

()yn 3[xyn+1 + nyn] yn =0

Expansion Of Functions

Leibnitz Theorem

Solved Problems

(1 - ) yn+2 (2n+3)xyn+1 (n2 + 2n +1)yn = 0

Putting x=0,yn+2(0) = (n+1)2yn(0)--------------------------------------(iv)
Putting x=0 in (i), y(0) = 0
Putting x=0 in (ii), y1(0) = 0
Putting x=0 in (iii), y2(0) = 0
Now,
Putting n=1 in (iv), y3(0) = 22
Putting n=2 in (iv), y4(0) = 0
Putting n=3 in (iv), y5(0) = 22.42
Putting n=4 in (iv), y6(0) = 0
Putting n=5 in (iv), y7(0) = 22.42.62
y = y(0) +xy1(0) +

y2(0) +

y3(0) +

y4(0) + .. ------------(v)

Substitute the values,

y=x+

. +

.
!

. +

. .
!

. + .-----------------(vi)

Comparing (v) with y = a0 + a1x + a2x2 + a3x3 +

an =

()
!

+ ()
()

& an+2 =

+ ()
(+)!

(+)!+
!

= (n+1)(n+2)

From eqn (iv),

2

Expansion Of Functions

Leibnitz Theorem

Solved Problems

+ ()

()

= (n+1)2
+

(n+1)2 = (n+1)(n+2)

(n+1)2an = (n+1)(n+2) +
(n+1) an = (n+2) +
Hence proved.

2) If f(x) =

= a0 + a1x + a2x2 + ..+ anxn.

P.T. (a) (n+2)an+2 = -(n+1)an

(b)

x - + - + .

Solution:Let y =

But, =log(x+ + )
y=

(++ )

------------------(i)

+ . y = log(x+ + )
+ .y1 +
+

.y

.y =

+ +

.y =

[1++
]

+ +

++
+

Expansion Of Functions

Leibnitz Theorem

=
(1+ )y1 + xy = 1

Solved Problems

------------------(ii)

Again differentiate the above eqn.

(1+ )y2 + 2xy1 + xy1 + y =0
(1+ )y2 + 3xy1 + y = 0 -----------------(iii)
Applying Leibnitzs theorem,
(1+ )yn+2 + n(2x)yn+1 +

()
!

2yn + 3[xyn+1 + nyn] + yn = 0

Put x = 0

yn+2(0) + (n2 + 2n + 1)yn(0) = 0

yn+2(0) = -(n+1)2yn(0) ---------------(iv)
Putting x=0 in (i), y(0) = 0
Putting x=0 in (ii), y1(0) = 0
Putting x=0 in (iii), y2(0) = 0
Now,
Putting n=1 in (iv), y3(0) = - 22
Putting n=2 in (iv), y4(0) = 0
Putting n=3 in (iv), y5(0) = 22.42
Putting n=4 in (iv), y6(0) = 0
Putting n=5 in (iv), y7(0) = - 22.42.62

Expansion Of Functions

Leibnitz Theorem

y = y(0) + xy1(0) +

y2(0) +

y3(0) +

Solved Problems

y4(0) +

y5(0) +. -----

(v)
Substituting the values,

y = x - +

Comparing with eqn. (v)

y = y(0) + xy1 +
+

y2(0) +
!

y3(0) + .. + ! yn(0) + .. +
!

yn+2(0)

(+)

where,
y = a0 + a1x + a2x2 + .. + anxn +.. + an+2xn+2
Equating the coefficients of y we get,
(0)
!
+2

= an &
=

+2 (0)
(+2)!

= an+2

+2 (0)
!
x
(+2)! (0)
+

(n+1)(n+2)

(0)

= (+2)(+2
+1)

(0)

+()
( )

From eqn.(iv)
+ ()
()

= -(n+1)2

(n+1)(n+2)

= -(n+1)2

(n+2)an+2 = -(n+1)an
Hence proved.
5

Expansion Of Functions

3) P.T. (

Leibnitz Theorem

) = 2. ! +

.
!

. +

. .
!

Solved Problems

. +

Also if f(x) = a0 + a1x + a2x2 +.

show that:- (n+1)(n+2)an+2 = n2an

Solution:Let y = ( )

---------------(i)

Differentiating above eqn. w.r.t. x,

y1 = 2( ).

.y1 = 2( )

------------(ii)

Again differentiating w.r.t. x,

.y2 + -

]y

(1- )y2 xy1 - 2 = 0

--------------(iii)

Applying Leibnitzs rule,

(1- )yn+2 + n(-2x)yn+1 +

()
!

(-2)yn [xyn+1 + nyn] = 0

(1- )yn+2 - (2n+1)xyn+1 n2yn = 0

Putting x = 0
yn+2(0) = n2yn(0)

-----------(iv)
6

Expansion Of Functions

Leibnitz Theorem

Solved Problems

Putting x=0 in (i), y(0) = 0

Putting x=0 in (ii), y1(0) = 0
Putting x=0 in (iii), y2(0) = 2
Now,
Putting n=1 in (iv), y3(0) = 0
Putting n=2 in (iv), y4(0) = 22.2
Putting n=3 in (iv), y5(0) = 0
Putting n=4 in (iv), y6(0) = 42.22.2
Now,
y = y(0) +xy1(0) +

y2(0) +

y3(0) +

y4(0) +. ----------(v)

Substituting the values,

y = 2.

.
!

. +

. .
!

. +

Compare with eqn.(v)

y = a0 + a1x + a2x2 +.
an =

()
!

+ ()
()

& an+2 =

+ ()
(+)!

(+)!+
!

= (n+1)(n+2).

From eqn.(iv)
+ ()
()

= n2

n2 = (n+1)(n+2).+
+

---------------------(vi)

Expansion Of Functions

Leibnitz Theorem

(n+1)(n+2) + = n2an+1
Hence proved.

Solved Problems