Chapter Number: 05- Integumentary Quizz Q Only- Dr. C.

Gerin (from Wiley)- Some Questions

or answers have been modified

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Question type: Multiple Choice

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1) Another name for the subcutaneous layer is

a) Dermis
b) Epidermis
c) Stratum corneum
d) Stratum basale
e) Hypodermis

3) Keratin

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a) Epidermis
b) Dermis
c) Hypodermis
d) Subcutaneous layer
e) Corpuscle

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2) Which layer of the skin is composed of a keratinized stratified squamous epithelium?

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a) is a protein.
b) is secreted by plasma cells to help protect the body from viruses.
c) is made by melanocytes only.
d) is both a protein and made by melanocytes only.
e) All of these choices are correct.

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4) Which pigment secreted by specialized cells in the skin is capable of absorbing ultraviolet
light?

a) Keratin
b) Melanin
c) Melatonin
d) Carotene
e) Collagen

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6) Which layer of the epidermis is composed of a single row of cuboidal or columnar

keratinocytes?
a) Stratum basale
b) Stratum spinosum
c) Stratum granulosum

d) Stratum lucidum
e) Stratum corneum

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7) Which layer of the epidermis contains layers of flattened keratinocytes that are going through
apoptosis?

8) The stratum lucidum

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a) contains lamellar granules.

b) lies just above the stratum basale.
c) is the layer used in a skin graft.
d) is present only in thick skin.
e) can consist of up to 25-30 layers of dead keratinocytes.

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a) Stratum basale
b) Stratum spinosum
c) Stratum granulosum
d) Stratum lucidum
e) Stratum corneum

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a) stratum basale
b) stratum spinosum
c) stratum granulosum
d) stratum lucidum
e) stratum corneum

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9) Constant exposure of skin to friction stimulates the formation of a callus, which is the
thickening of the _____ of the epidermis.

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11) Which layer of the skin is composed mainly of dense irregular connective tissue containing
collagen and elastic fibers?

a) Hypodermis
b) Basement membrane
c) Epidermis
d) Dermis
e) Subcutaneous (subQ) layer
12) Describe how fingerprints are formed and what they are used for.

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Answer:

Solution: epidermal ridges develop during the third or fourth fetal month as the epidermis
conforms to the contours of the underlying dermal papillae of the papillary region. The ridges
increase the surface area of the epidermis and thus increase the grip of the hand or foot by
increasing friction. Because the ducts of sweat glands open on the tops of the epidermal ridges as

sweat pores, the sweat and ridges form fingerprints upon touching a smooth object. The
epidermal ridge pattern is genetically determined and is unique for each individual allowing
these patterns to be used to identify individuals.

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13) Albinism is the inherited inability to produce

14) Characteristics of thick skin include:

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a) Found in the palms, soles of the feet and fingertips.

b) Does not contain hair follicles.
c) Contains more sweat glands than thin skin.
d) Contain epidermal ridges.
e) All of these choices are correct

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a) melanin.
b) carotene.
c) both melanin and carotene.
d) keratin.
e) creatinine.

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15) Which of the following structures found in the skin plays a role in thermoregulation?

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a) Tactile epithelial cells (Merkel cells)

b) Sebaceous glands
c) Sweat glands
d) Nails
e) Fingerprints

16) Which of the following structures found in the skin help prevent water loss and inhibit
bacterial growth on the surface of the skin?

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a) Arrector pili
b) Lunula
c) Sweat glands
d) Hair follicles
e) Oil glands

17) Describe the structure and function of arrector pili.

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Answer:

Solution: Arrector pili are smooth muscles that extend from the superficial dermis of the skin to
the dermal root sheath around the side of the hair follicle. In its normal position, hair emerges at
an angle to the surface of the skin. Under physiological or emotional stress, such as cold or
fright, autonomic nerve endings stimulate the arrector pili muscle to contract, which pulls the

hair shafts perpendicular to the skin surface. This action causes goose bumps because the skin
around the shaft forms slight elevations.

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19) This type of exocrine gland is a simple, branched acinar gland connected to a hair follicle.

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a) Sebaceous gland
b) Sudoriferous gland
c) Both sebaceous gland and sudoriferous gland
d) None of these answers are correct

20) Which of the following is a mixture of triglycerides, cholesterol, proteins and inorganic
salts?

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a) Sweat
b) Lanugo
c) Vellus
d) Sebum
e) Mucus

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21) Which type of exocrine gland is a simple, coiled tubular gland that is found throughout
almost the entirety of the skin?

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a) Sebaceous gland
b) Eccrine sweat gland
c) Apocrine sweat gland
d) Ceruminous gland
e) None of these answer choices are correct.

23) Briefly describe the steps in epidermal wound healing.

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Answer:

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Solution: In response to an epidermal injury, basal cells of the epidermis surrounding the wound
break contact with the basement membrane. The cells then enlarge and migrate across the
wound. The cells appear to migrate as a sheet. When epidermal cells encounter each other they
stop migrating due to contact inhibition. Migration of the epidermal cells stops completely when
each is finally in contact with other epidermal cells on all sides. Epidermal growth factor is also
secreted to stimulate the basal stem cells to divide and replace the ones that have moved into the
wound. Epidermal cell division eventually regenerates the strata of the epidermis.
24) Briefly describe the steps in deep wound healing.
Answer:

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Solution: In deep wound healing, a blood clot forms during the inflammatory response and
loosely unites the wound edges. Then in the migratory phase the clot becomes a scab and
epithelial cells migrate beneath the scab to bridge the wound. Fibroblasts migrate along fibrin
threads and begin synthesizing scar tissue and damaged blood vessels begin to regrow. During
this phase, the tissue filling the wound is called granulation tissue. The proliferative phase is
characterized by extensive growth of epithelial cells beneath the scab, deposition by fibroblasts
of collagen fibers in random patterns, and continued growth of blood vessels. During the
maturation phase, the scab sloughs off once the epidermis has been restored to normal thickness.
Collagen fibers become more organized, fibroblasts decrease in number and blood vessels are
restored to normal.

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a) Hypertrophic scar
b) Keloid scar
c) Proliferative scar
d) Inhibitory scar
e) Granuloma

25) In which type of scar does the scar tissue extend beyond the boundary of the injury into
normal tissue?

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a) C
b) D
c) E
d) F
e) H

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26) In the diagram of skin shown below, where is the sebaceous gland?

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a) C
b) D
c) E
d) F
e) H

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27) In the diagram of skin shown below, where is the apocrine sweat gland?

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a) A
b) B
c) G
d) H

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28) In the diagram of skin shown below, which labeled structure generates fingerprints?

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a) C
b) D
c) E
d) F
e) G

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e) None of these answer choices are correct.30) In the diagram of skin shown below, where is the
arrector pili muscle?

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a) A
b) B
c) C
d) D
e) E

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31) In the photomicrograph of a portion of thick skin shown below, which layer is the stratum
spinosum?

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a) A
b) B
c) C
d) D
e) E

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32) In the photomicrograph of a portion of thick skin shown below, which layer is only seen in
thick skin?

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a) B
b) C
c) D
d) E
e) F

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34) In the diagram of a hair root shown, where is the cortex?

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a) A
b) B
c) C
d) D
e) E

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36) In the diagram of a hair root shown, where is the cuticle of the hair?

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37) In the figure of a sagittal section of a fingernail shown, where is the eponychium (cuticle)?

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a) A
b) B
c) E
d) F
e) G

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38) In the figure of a sagittal section of a fingernail shown, where is the hyponychium (nail bed)?

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a) B
b) C
c) E
d) F
e) G

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39) In the figure of a sagittal section of a fingernail shown below, where is the nail root?

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a) A
b) C
c) E
d) F
e) G

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40) In the figure of a sagittal section of a fingernail shown below, where is the nail matrix?

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a) A
b) C
c) E
d) F
e) G

45) Describe the structural characteristics of the epidermis that contribute to its ability to protect
the surface of an animal.

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Answer:

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Solution: Multiple layers of cells in stratified squamous epithelium help resist friction. Keratin of
intermediate filaments provides strength to tissue by binding cells tightly together and to
underlying tissue, thus creating a barrier to microbes. Lamellar granules of keratinocytes produce
a lipid-rich, water-repellent (sealant) to protect from dehydration and entry of foreign materials.
Melanin, produced by melanocytes, protects underlying tissue from UV light. Sebum secreted
onto the surface helps protect from dehydration and microbial invasion. Intraepidermal
macrophages (Langerhans cells) participate in immune response to microbial invasion.
46) Describe the major differences between thin skin and thick skin.

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Answer:

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Difficulty: Medium
Study Objective 1: SO 5.3 Compare structural and functional differences in thin and thick skin.
Section Reference 1: Sec 5.3 Types of Skin
Solution: Thick skin is found on palms, palmar surfaces of digits, and soles, while thin skin is
found in all other areas. Thick skin is 4-5 thicker than thin skin. The stratum lucidum is present
exclusively in thick skin. Also, the stratum spinosum and stratum corneum are thicker in thick
skin. Thick skin exhibits epidermal ridges, more sweat glands and a higher density of sensory
receptors. Thin skin has hair follicles and sebaceous glands, while thick skin does not.

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47) John has just been brought into the emergency room following a fiery explosion at a
chemical plant. He is diagnosed with third degree burns over the anterior surfaces of his arms
and trunk. What specific structural damage has occurred to his skin? What risks to John's life
have resulted from this damage?
Answer:

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Solution: John has lost approximately 27% of his skin's surface area (according to the Rule of
Nines), which leads to severe systemic effects. The epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous layer and
associated structures have been destroyed. Sensory function is lost. Loss of epidermis (and so,
lost keratin and Langerhans cells) makes John susceptible to microbial invasion. Loss of
keratinized structures and lamellar granules allows for extreme loss of water, plasma, and plasma
proteins, which causes shock; leading to dehydration, reduced blood volume and circulation,
decreased urine output and diminished immune responses.

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a) A
b) F
c) G
d) H
e) I

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48) Which structure is an eccrine sweat gland?

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a) A
b) F
c) G
d) H
e) I

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49) Which structures are dermal papillae?

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a) C
b) E
c) B
d) J
e) I

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51) Which letter is pointing to the subcutaneous layer of the skin in the figure?

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a) A
b) G
c) F
d) H
e) I

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52) Which structure in the figure is a receptor sensitive to pressure?

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a) A
b) G
c) F
d) H
e) J

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53) Which structures in the figure are sensitive to warmth, coolness and itching?

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a) A
b) B
c) C
d) D
e) G

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56) Which structure in the figure produces a pigment that contributes to skin color and absorbs
UV radiation?

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a) E
b) F
c) G
d) H
e) I

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57) In the diagram, which layer is the stratum granulosum?

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a) E
b) F
c) G
d) H
e) I

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58) In the diagram, which layer is the stratum corneum?

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a) A
b) B
c) C
d) D
e) G

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59) In the diagram, which is the hair matrix?

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a) A
b) B
c) E
d) F
e) G

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60) In the diagram, which is a melanocyte?

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a) A
b) C
c) E
d) F
e) G

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61) In the diagram, which is the papilla of the hair?

62) Which condition is due to a buildup of bilirubin pigment in the skin?

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a) hirsutism
b) pallor
c) jaundice
d) androgenic alopecia
e) erythema

66) Which of the following terms refers to a hardened and thickened area of skin resulting from
persistent pressure and friction?
a) callus

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b) blister
c) wart
d) papule
e) fever blister
68) Which of the following terms refers to reddened, elevated, and itchy patches of skin
commonly caused by emotional stress, physical trauma, or certain food allergies?

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a) wart
b) hives
c) papule
d) cyst
e) eczema

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70) You stepped on a nail. List the sequential layers (or strata) of the epidermis that the nail
penetrated through to finally reach the dermis.

72) Goose bumps are caused by

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a) basale, spinosum, granulosom, corneum

b) granulosom, spinosum, lucidum, corneum, basale
c) corneum, lucidum, granulosom, spinosum, basale
d) corneum, granulosom, spinosum, basale
e) corneum, granulosom, lucidum, spinosum, basale

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a) action of arrector pili muscles.

b) secretions from the sudoriferous glands.
c) contraction of dermal papillae.
d) stimulation of hair root plexus.
e) secretions from the sebaceous gland.

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73) Describe the structure and function of the different types of exocrine glands found in the skin

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Answer:
Solution: Sebaceous glands are oil glands. They are connected to hair follicles (with few
exceptions). The secreting portion lies in the dermis and opens into the neck of a hair follicle.
They are absent in the palms and soles. The secretory product of sebaceous gland is known as
sebum. Sebum prevents the hair from drying and becoming brittle. Sudoriferous glands are sweat
glands. They release sweat into hair follicles or onto the skin surface through pores. There are
two types of sweat glands: Eccrine and Apocrine. Eccrine sweat glands are distributed
throughout the skin including the palm and the soles. The sweat produced by these glands
contains water, ions, urea, uric acid, ammonia, amino acids, glucose and lactic acid. The main
function of eccrine glands is to regulate body temperature. Apocrine sweat glands are
predominantly found in the skin of the axilla, groin, areolae and the bearded region of the face.
The sweat produced by apocrine glands is lightly viscous and appears milky or yellowish in
color. They contain similar type of material found in eccrine glands with an addition of lipids

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and proteins. Upon interaction with bacteria on the surface of the skin, the components are
metabolized causing the distinct body odor. Ceruminous glands are modified sweat glands found
in the external ear. They produce the ear wax knows as cerumen which is a combined secretion
of ceruminous and sebaceous glands.
75) From which of the primary germ layers of the embryo does the epidermis of the skin
develop?

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a) Endoderm
b) Ectoderm
c) Mesoderm
d) All of these choices are correct.
e) Both endoderm and ectoderm.